Egypt Medal

This article is about the British campaign medal awarded between 1882–89. For the East India Company medal, see Egypt Medal (1801).

Award

Egypt Medal

Obverse and reverse of the 1882 medal

Type| Campaign medal
Awarded for| Campaign service
Description| Silver, 36 mm in diameter
Presented by| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Eligibility| British and Indian forces.
Campaign(s)| Egypt
Clasps|

* Alexandria 11 July
* Tel-El-Kebir
* Suakin 1884
* El-Teb
* Tamaai
* El-Teb-Tamaai
* The Nile 1884–85
* Abu Klea
* Kirbekan
* Suakin 1885
* Tofrek
* Gemaizah 1888
* Toski 1889

Established| 17 October 1882

Ribbon bar of the medal

Related| Khedive's Star

The Egypt Medal (1882–1889) was awarded for the military actions involving the British Army and Royal Navy during the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War and in the Sudan between 1884 and 1889.

Resentment at increasing British and other European involvement in Egypt since the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 triggered an Egyptian army mutiny that threatened the authority of the British-backed Khedive of Egypt, Tewfik Pasha. The British military intervention was in response, to protect British interests. Once in Egypt, the British became involved in the conflicts in the Sudan, which Egypt had occupied since the 1820s.[1]

All recipients of the Egypt Medal were also eligible for one of the four versions of the Khedive's Star.[2]

## Description

[edit]

The medal had the following design:[3]

* Circular, in silver and 36 millimetres (1.4 in) in diameter.
* Obverse: the veiled head of Queen Victoria with the Latin legend "VICTORIA REGINA ET IMPERATRIX". ('Victoria, Queen and Empress').
* Reverse: the Sphinx on a pedestal with the word 'EGYPT' above.[4] Medals for the 1882 campaign had the year "1882" below the Sphinx. Awards for service in the Sudan from 1884 to 1889 were undated, although those already in possession of the 1882 medal had the relevant clasp added to their existing dated medal.
* Naming: the recipient's number, rank, name and regiment are engraved on the edge.[4]
* Ribbon: 32 millimetres (1.25 in) wide, with three blue and two white stripes of equal width.

## Clasps

[edit]

A total of 13 clasps were awarded, two for the Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882 and eleven for service in the Sudan between 1884 and 1889:[5]

* Alexandria 11 July (1882)
* Tel-El-Kebir (13 September 1882)
* Suakin 1884 (19 February – 26 March 1884)
* El-Teb (29 February 1884)
* Tamaai (13 March 1884)
* El-Teb – Tamaai (29 February & 13 March 1884) For those present at both battles
* The Nile 1884–85 For service south of Assouan on or before 7 March 1885 as part of the expedition to relieve General Gordon, then under siege at Khartoum
* Abu Klea (17 January 1885) Only awarded in conjunction with clasp The Nile 1884–85
* Kirbekan (10 February 1885) Only awarded in conjunction with clasp The Nile 1884–85
* Suakin 1885 (1 March – 14 May 1885)
* Tofrek (22 March 1885) Only awarded in conjunction with clasp Suakin 1885
* Gemaizah 1888 (20 December 1888)
* Toski 1889 (3 August 1889)

Medals without clasp were awarded to:

* those who served in Egypt between 11 July and 14 September 1882, but were not present at the bombardment of Alexandria or the Battle of Tel-El-Kebir;
* all troops employed south of Wadi Halfa between 30 November 1885 and 11 January 1886 and south of Korosko on 3 August 1889.

## Recipients

[edit]

While most of those who received the Egypt Medal were members of the British Regular Army or Royal Navy, other recipients included:

* Seventeen nurses who received the medal without clasp for their services in 1882 at Alexandria, Ismailia and in the hospital ship Carthage, including three awarded to foreign nurses. These were the first British campaign medals awarded to women, although a number of South Africa Medals were later awarded to nurses for the earlier 1877–79 campaign.[6]
* 392 medals with clasp 'The Nile 1884–85', awarded to Canadian voyageurs employed on the Nile, of whom 46 also received the 'Kirbekan' clasp.[5][7] This was the first overseas expedition by Canadians in a British imperial conflict. Employed as civilians who did not wear uniform, the voyageurs included 86 members of the First Nations, mostly Caughnawaga.[8]
* 720 medals with clasp 'Suakin 1885', awarded to a force from New South Wales. This was the first occasion that Australian units were sent overseas and served alongside Imperial troops.[5]

While few members of the Egyptian Army participated in earlier Sudanese campaigns, the majority of troops who received 'Gemaizah 1888' and 'Toski 1889' clasps belonged to the Egyptian Army, including newly raised Sudanese battalions,[5] with one squadron of the 20th Hussars being the only British unit present at Toski.[9]

## Khartoum Siege Medal

[edit]

An unofficial decoration related to the Egypt Medal, this award in three grades was designed, minted and presented by General Gordon to the officers, soldiers and civilians who participated in the siege of Khartoum, 1884–85. Based on the badge of the Ottoman Order of the Medjidieh, the awards were produced locally during the siege and were fairly crude in form.[10][11]

## See also

[edit]

* 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War
* Mahdist War

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Michael Barthorp. War on the Nile. pp. 20–30. Published Blandford Press, London. 1984. ISBN 0713713100.
2. ^ Joslin, Litherland and Simpkin. (1988). British Battles and Medals. p. 164\. Published Spink, London. 1988. ISBN 0907605257.
3. ^ Joslin, Litherland and Simpkin. (1988). British Battles and Medals. pp. 160–4. Published Spink, London. 1988. ISBN 0907605257.
4. ^ a b "Egypt Medal 1882–89 : Private W Divall, New South Wales Contingent to the Sudan.", Exhibition at the Australian War Memorial, (Accessed 7 July 2011)
5. ^ a b c d Joslin, Litherland and Simpkin. (1988). British Battles and Medals. pp. 161–2. Published Spink, London. 1988. ISBN 0907605257.
6. ^ P. E. Abbott and J. M. A. Tamplin. (1981). British Gallantry Awards. p. 259\. Published Nimrod Dix & Co, London. 1980. ISBN 0-902633-74-0.
7. ^ Veterans Affairs Canada, Egypt Medal
8. ^ Louis Jackson, Our Caughnawagas in Egypt. Drysdale & Co, Montreal. 1895.
9. ^ Michael Barthorp. War on the Nile. p. 134\. Published Blandford Press, London. 1984. ISBN 0713713100.
10. ^ Joslin, Litherland and Simpkin. (1988). British Battles and Medals. p. 183\. Published Spink, London. 1988. ISBN 0907605257.
11. ^ “For the Siege of Khartoum” – General Gordon’s Khartoum Star

## External links

[edit]

* Northeast Medals
* Veterans Canada

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British campaign medals

18th century|

* Naval General Service Medal (1793–1840)
* Naval Gold Medal (1793–1815)
* Military General Service Medal (1793–1814)

19th century|

* Army of India Medal (1803–26)
* Army Gold Cross/Army Gold Medal (1806–14)
* Waterloo Medal (1815)
* South Africa Medal (1834–6, 1846–7, 1850–3)
* Ghuznee Medal (1839)
* First China War Medal (1839–42)
* Jellalabad Medals (1841–2)
* Candahar, Ghuznee, Cabul Medal (1842)
* Medal for the Defence of Kelat-I-Ghilzie (1842)
* Scinde Medal (1843)
* Gwalior Star (1843)
* Sutlej Medal (1845–6)
* New Zealand Medal (1845–7, 1860–6)
* Punjab Medal (1848–9)
* India General Service Medal (1852–95)
* Baltic Medal (1854–5)
* Crimean War Medal (1854–6)
* Indian Mutiny Medal (1857–8)
* Second China War Medal (1857–60)
* Canada General Service Medal (1866–70)
* Abyssinian War Medal (1867–8)
* Ashantee Medal (1873–4)
* South Africa Medal (1877–9)
* Afghanistan Medal (1878–80)
* Kabul to Kandahar Star (1880)
* Cape of Good Hope General Service Medal (1880–1, 1896–7)
* Egypt Medal (1882–9)
* Royal Niger Company Medal (1886–97)
* North West Canada Medal (1885)
* East and West Africa Medal (1887–1900)
* British South Africa Company Medal (1890–7)
* Central Africa Medal (1891–8)
* India Medal (1895–1902)
* Ashanti Star (1895–6)
* Queen's Sudan Medal (1896–8)
* East and Central Africa Medal (1897–9)
* Queen's South Africa Medal (1899–1902)
* Queen's Mediterranean Medal (1899–1902)
* Transport Medal (1899–1902)
* China War Medal (1900)
* Ashanti Medal (1900)

20th century
pre-First World War|

* King's South Africa Medal (1902)
* Africa General Service Medal (1902–56)
* Tibet Medal (1905)
* Natal Native Rebellion Medal (1906)
* India General Service Medal (1909)

First World War|

* 1914 Star
* 1914–15 Star
* British War Medal
* Mercantile Marine War Medal
* Victory Medal (United Kingdom)
* Victory Medal (South Africa)
* Territorial War Medal

Inter-World Wars|

* Naval General Service Medal (1915)
* General Service Medal (1918)
* India General Service Medal (1936)

Second World War|

* 1939–1945 Star
* Atlantic Star
* Arctic Star
* Air Crew Europe Star
* Africa Star
* Pacific Star
* Burma Star
* Italy Star
* France and Germany Star
* Defence Medal
* War Medal 1939–1945
* Canadian Volunteer Service Medal
* Africa Service Medal
* India Service Medal
* New Zealand War Service Medal
* Australia Service Medal
* Southern Rhodesia Service Medal

Post-Second World War|

* Korea Medal (1951)
* Nuclear Test Medal (1952)
* General Service Medal (1962)
* Rhodesia Medal (1980)
* South Atlantic Medal (1982)
* Gulf Medal (1992)

21st century|

* OSM for Sierra Leone (2000)
* OSM for Afghanistan (2002)
* OSM for Democratic Republic of Congo (2003)
* Iraq Medal (2004)
* Iraq Reconstruction Service Medal (2004)
* Civilian Service Medal (Afghanistan) (2011)
* Ebola Medal (2015)
* General Service Medal (2008) (2015)
* OSM for Iraq & Syria (2017)
* Humanitarian Medal (2023)
* Wider Service Medal (2024)

* v
* t
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Australian campaign medals

See also
Orders, decorations, and medals of Australia

Mahdist War|

* Egypt Medal (1882–89)

Second Boer War|

* Queen's South Africa Medal (1899–1902)
* King's South Africa Medal (1902)

Boxer Rebellion|

* China War Medal (1900)

World War I|

* 1914 Star
* 1914–15 Star
* British War Medal
* Mercantile Marine War Medal
* Victory Medal

General Service|

* Naval General Service Medal 1915–62
* General Service Medal 1918–62

World War II|

* 1939–45 Star
* Atlantic Star
* Air Crew Europe Star
* Arctic Star
* Africa Star
* Pacific Star
* Burma Star
* Italy Star
* France and Germany Star
* Defence Medal
* War Medal, 1939–45
* Australia Service Medal 1939–45

1945–1975|

* Australian Active Service Medal 1945–1975
* Korea Medal (1950–53)
* United Nations Service Medal for Korea (1950–53)
* Australian General Service Medal for Korea (1953–56)
* General Service Medal 1962 (1962–1975)
* Vietnam Medal (1964–73)
* Vietnam Logistic and Support Medal (1968–73)
* Australian Service Medal 1945–1975

1975–2012|

* Australian Active Service Medal (1975–2012)
* International Force East Timor Medal (1999–2000)
* Afghanistan Medal (2001–14)
* Iraq Medal (2003–13)
* Australian Service Medal (1975–2012)
* Rhodesia Medal (1979–80)

2012–|

* Australian Operational Service Medal – Border Protection (2012–)
* Australian Operational Service Medal – Civilian (2012–)
* Australian Operational Service Medal – GMEO
* Australian Operational Service Medal – Special Operations (2019–)
* Australian Operational Service Medal – Counter Terrorism/Special Recovery (2020–)
* Australian Operational Service Medal – Africa (2023–)
* Australian Operational Service Medal – Indo-Pacific (2025–)

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