Egyptian Islamic Jihad

Egyptian Islamist terrorist group active since the late 1970s

Egyptian Islamic Jihad

الجهاد الإسلامي المصري
Leaders| Muhammad abd-al-Salam Faraj
Dates of operation| 1979–2001 (merged with Al-Qaeda)
Merged into|  Al-Qaeda[1]
Headquarters| Egypt, then Afghanistan (unknown after 2001)
Active regions| Worldwide, but especially in:

* Egypt
* Afghanistan
* Yemen
* Sudan
* Lebanon
* United Kingdom

Ideology| Qutbism
Sunni Islamism
Salafist jihadism
Wahhabism
Anti-Communism
Anti-Zionism
Notable attacks| Assassination of Anwar Sadat
Allies| State allies:

* Iran[2][3]

Non-state allies:

* Al-Qaeda
* al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya

Opponents| State opponents:

* Egypt
* Israel
* United States
* United Kingdom
* Soviet Union (until 1991)
* Afghanistan (until 1992)

The Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ, Arabic: الجهاد الإسلامي المصري), formerly called simply Islamic Jihad (Arabic: الجهاد الإسلامي) and the Liberation Army for Holy Sites,[4] originally referred to as al-Jihad, and then the Jihad Group, or the Jihad Organization,[5] is an Egyptian Islamist group active since the late 1970s. It is under worldwide embargo by the United Nations as an affiliate of Al-Qaeda.[6] It is also banned by several individual governments worldwide.[7] The group is a proscribed terrorist group organization in the United Kingdom under the Terrorism Act 2000.[8]

The organization's original primary goal was to overthrow the Egyptian government and replace it with an Islamic state. Later it broadened its aims to include attacking American and Israeli interests in Egypt and abroad. Since September 1998, the leadership of the group has also allied itself to the ‘global Jihad’ ideology expounded by Osama Bin Laden and has also threatened Western interests.

In June 2001, Al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad (which had been associated with each other for many years) merged into "Qaeda al-Jihad".[9] However, the UN states that there was a split in the organization when the merger was announced.[6]

Following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, former leaders of the group in Egypt formed a political party, called the Islamic Party, which became a member of the Anti-Coup Alliance following the 2013 Egyptian coup d'etat.[10]

## History[edit]

Al-Jihad or "Tanzim al-Jihad" was formed in 1980 from the merger of two clusters of Islamist groups: a Cairo branch, under Mohammed Abdul-Salam Farag, and a Saidi (Upper Egypt) branch under Karam Zuhdi.[11] Farag wrote the 1980 book al-Faridah al-Ghaiba (The Neglected Obligation), setting forth the standards for EIJ, of which 500 copies were printed.[12]

After the assassination of Egyptian president Anwar Sadat, the Egyptian government succeeded in rounding up the membership of Tanzim al-Jihad, but "was rather lenient in the ensuing trial". In prison, the Cairenes and Saidis reverted into two factions; the Cairo militants later becoming the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, and the Saidis later forming the al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, or the Islamic Group. According to Zawahiri, the EIJ was "different from the Takfir wal Hijra group as we do not consider people infidels because of their sins. And we are different from the Muslim Brotherhood because sometimes they do not oppose the government".[13]

The leader of the Cairo militants was Abbud al-Zumar, "a onetime army intelligence officer serving a life sentence for his part in the plot to kill Sadat". This faction, the Islamic Jihad, "was small and tightly disciplined".[14]

Most of the middle-rank members were discharged from prison after only three years and fled to Pakistan and Afghanistan to help the mujahideen there and escape persecution at home.[15]

### Pakistan and Afghanistan[edit]

In the mid-1980s, in Peshawar Pakistan, the militants reconstituted themselves as the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, "with very loose ties to their nominal imprisoned leader, Abbud al-Zumar". A physician by the name of Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif or "Dr. Fadl" was head of EIJ for some time,[16] although eventually, Ayman al-Zawahiri, "whose leadership style was autocratic," would take over. During this time EIJ became more extreme, with, for example, Dr. Fadl emphasizing the importance of takfir and execution of apostates, which he argued should include those who registered to vote, since this was a violation of God's sovereignty over governance.[17]

It was also at this time that some saw "the Egyptians" of the EIJ begin to exert an influence on Osama bin Laden, who at the time was known as a wealthy and well-connected fundraiser for the jihad in Afghanistan. Egyptian filmmaker Essam Deraz, "bin Laden's first biographer," met bin Laden in the "Lion's Den" training camp in Afghanistan and complained that the Egyptians "formed a barrier" around bin Laden and "whenever he tried to speak confidentially to bin Laden, the Egyptians would surround the Saudi and drag him into another room".[18] One of those who complained of being elbowed aside[19] was a former mentor of bin Laden Abdullah Azzam, the original exponent and organizer of global jihad on behalf of the Afghan mujahideen.[20]

In 1991, EIJ broke with al-Zumur and al-Zawahiri took control of the leadership. At this point, Marc Sageman (a former foreign service officer who was based in Islamabad from 1987 to 1989), says "the EIJ became a free-floating network without any real ties to its original society or to its surrounding society".[21]

### Sudan[edit]

al-Jihad (EIJ) had a blind-cell structure, meaning members in one group did not know the identities or activities of those in another so that if one member were captured they would not be able to endanger the whole organization. However, Egyptian authorities captured the membership director of EIJ, the one member who had all the other member's names. The database in his computer listed every member's address, aliases, and potential hideouts. Al-Jihad leader al-Zawahiri bitterly lamented "the government newspapers" elation over “the arrest of 800 members of the al-Jihad group without a single shot being fired".[22]

In August 1993, al-Jihad unsuccessfully attempted to kill the Egyptian Interior Minister, Hassan Al Alfi, who was leading a crackdown on Islamic militants. A bomb-laden motorcycle exploded next to the minister's car, fatally wounding Nazih Nushi Rashed and killing Tarek Abdel-Nabi (Dia al-Deen) instantly.[23][24] The attack marked the first time Sunni Islamists had made use of suicide in terrorism, a technique made famous by Shia Hezbollah in Lebanon. It is "likely that the notion of suicide bombing" was inspired by Hezbollah as al-Zawahiri had been to Iran to raise money, and had sent his underling Ali Mohamed, "among others, to Lebanon to train with Hezbollah".[25]

A few months later in November, al-Jihad made another bombing attempt, this time to kill Egypt's prime minister, Atef Sidqi. The car bomb exploded close to a girls' school in Cairo as the minister was driven past. The minister, protected by his armored car, was not hurt, but the explosion injured 21 people and killed a young schoolgirl, Shayma Abdel-Halim. Unfortunately for al-Jihad this bombing was preceded by two years of terror by a larger terror group (al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya) that had killed 240, and the patience of the Egyptian public had run short. "Little Shayma's death captured people's emotions as nothing else had" and "when her coffin was borne through the streets of Cairo, people cried, 'Terrorism is the enemy of God!'" A harsh police crackdown followed and 280 EIJ members were arrested, with 6 eventually given a death sentence.[26]

EIJ's longtime association with al-Qaeda became closer at this time when "most" of its members were reported to have gone "on the al-Qaeda payroll". The leader of EIJ hoped this would be a temporary measure but later confided to one of this chief assistants that joining with bin Laden had been "the only solution to keeping the Jihad organization abroad alive."[27]

#### Mubarak assassination attempt[edit]

In June 1995, another failed assassination attempt caused yet a greater setback. Operating from its exile base in Sudan, EIJ joined forces with the Egyptian al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya and Sudanese intelligence[28] in an attempt to kill Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak while he was in Ethiopia for a conference of the Organization of African Unity. Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif has claimed that Zawahiri was an agent for Sudanese intelligence services.[29] The leader of the plot was "Mustafa Hamza, a senior Egyptian member of the Al-Qaeda and commander to the military branch of the Islamic Group". The plotters had been planning the attack for more than a year and even married local women in Ethiopia. They received assistance from Sudanese intelligence services, which smuggled weapons into their embassy in Ethiopia.[30][31]

Their hope was to decapitate the Egyptian government thereby eliminating the "iron grip" of the state security services, and creating a power vacuum which Islamists could then fill. Unfortunately for this plan, the attack was foiled by a malfunctioning grenade launcher and Mubarak’s bulletproof limousine.

#### Expulsion from Sudan[edit]

Back in Egypt, Mubarak launched a ruthless campaign to crush anyone involved in Islamist terrorism,[31] but in Sudan the EIJ had even worse troubles.

In 1994, in a pamphlet written by Al-Zawahri, he alleges that, Ahmad Salama Mabruk's 17-year-old son Musab, as well as the 15-year-old son Ahmed of Mohammed Sharaf, were captured by the Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate and sexually abused. They were blackmailed with videotape of the sodomy until they agreed to act as informants against their fathers' group. Musab went through his father's files and photocopied them for the Egyptians, but the Sudanese intelligence service saw the covert meetings and alerted al-Jihad, recommending that they treat the boys leniently if they confessed. al-Zawahiri convened a Sharia court, where Musab confessed he had been given explosives by the Egyptians which he was told to detonate at the next Shura council meeting. They were each found guilty of "sodomy, treason, and attempted murder", and sentenced to death by firing squad. The trial, and the execution, were filmed and copies of the film were distributed by al-Jihad.[32]

When the Sudanese found out about the executions in its jurisdiction, al-Zawahiri and the rest of EIJ were ordered to leave the Sudan.[30] It was a devastating blow to the group. "In Zawahiri's hands, al-Jihad had splintered into angry and homeless gangs".[33]

bin Laden was also weakened by this failed operation. The core of his al-Qaeda group was made up of members of Islamic Jihad. Because of Sudan's collaboration in the plot, the United Nations voted to impose sanction on the country.[34] To rehabilitate itself in the international community, the Sudanese government pressured bin Laden to leave the country.[30][35] Bin Laden and many EIJ returned to war-torn Afghanistan having lost many members and almost all of bin Laden's assets.[36]

On November 19, 1995, EIJ bombed the Egyptian embassy in Islamabad killing 16 and wounding 60. The attack served as a prototype for future attacks by its sister organization al-Qaeda, such as the 1998 bombings of American embassies in Africa.

### Albania[edit]

According to journalist Lawrence Wright, based on testimony given at the trial of the Albanian cell members in the late 1990s or early 2000s, EIJ membership had dwindled to 40 members outside Egypt, and none at all inside the country where "the movement had been eradicated".[37]

In 1998, three al-Jihad members were arrested in Albania, and the United States intervened to ensure they were extradited to Egypt to face charges.[38] In Afghanistan Zawahiri wrote the 1998 fatwa for the "International Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders," calling for the killing of Americans and their allies, both civilian and military, which was signed by representatives of several jihadi organizations, including EIJ.[39] In August 1998, Issam Abdel-Tawab was extradited to Egypt from Bulgaria.[40]

Dissent among EIJ members to this change of direction and abandonment of the taking over Egypt as the group's primary goal was so strong that "in the end, Zawahiri pledged to resign if the members failed to endorse his actions. The organization was in such disarray because of arrests and defections, and so close to bankruptcy, that the only choice was to follow Zawahiri or abandon al-Jihad". One of those who did abandon al-Jihad was Zawahiri's own brother Muhammed, the military commander of EIJ.[41]

### Merger with al-Qaeda[edit]

In June 2001, Al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad merged into an entity formally called jamaa'at Qa'idat al-Jihad,[9] with the leadership of the EIJ having "the majority" – six of nine seats – "of al-Qaeda's ruling council (shura)."[42][43] However, Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif has claimed that only 9 people from the organization, including Zawahiri, actually joined Al-Qaeda.[44]

Consequently, it is often considered synonymous with al-Qaeda (for example, by the US Treasury Department),[45] although some refer to it as a separate organization with al-Zawahiri as its leader and global jihad's main ideologist.[46]

## Activities[edit]

The organization specializes in armed attacks against high-level Egyptian Government personnel, including cabinet ministers, and car-bombings against the official US and Egyptian facilities. The original Jihad was responsible for the attempted assassinations of Interior Minister Hassan al-Alfi in August 1993 and Prime Minister Atef Sedky in November 1993. Egyptian Jihad and the rival armed group launched a wave of violence against Egypt's secular government in 1992, a campaign they only abandoned at the end of the decade. Nearly 1300 people died in the unrest, including policemen and government officials. It is responsible for the Egyptian Embassy bombing in Islamabad, Pakistan in 1995. In 1998 a planned attack against the US Embassy in Albania was thwarted by a roundup of suspects who are now called the Returnees from Albania.[citation needed]

## Leadership[edit]

Although Ayman al-Zawahiri was "the one in front", Al-Sharif was the actual leader.[47] Nabil Na'eem was the leader of the group from 1988 until 1992.[48]

The al-Zawahiri faction subsequently formed an alliance with Al-Qaeda leading over time to the effective merger of the two groups operations inside Afghanistan. Even though al-Zawahiri was frequently referred to as a 'lieutenant' or 'second in command' of Al-Qaeda, this description is misleading, as it implies a hierarchical relationship.

The modern Al-Qaeda organization is the combination of bin Laden's financial resources with al-Zawahiri's ideological and operational leadership.

## External aid[edit]

The extent of its aid from outside of Egypt is not known. The Egyptian Government claimed[when?] that both Iran and Osama bin Laden support the Islamic Jihad. It also may obtain some funding through various Islamic nongovernmental organizations, cover businesses, and criminal acts.[citation needed]

Unlike other militant counterparts, EIJ was noted for condemning only the government as apostate, and seeking to recruit soldiers, reporters and government workers who were untainted by jahiliyya.[12] Iraq agreed in March 1993 to renew relations with the group.[49]

## See also[edit]

* Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif
* Hani al-Sibai
* Terrorism in Egypt
* Returnees from Albania
* Ali Mohammed
* Abu Ayyub al-Masri
* Abu Khayr al-Masri

## References[edit]

1. ^ "The Man Behind Bin Laden". The New Yorker. 9 September 2002.
2. ^ Gerecht, Reuel Marc (7 January 2009). "Iran's Hamas Strategy". Wall Street Journal.
3. ^ "Iran's Partnership with al-Qaeda and Unanswered Questions". 19 September 2015.
4. ^ Global Briefings, Issue 27, September 1998, “Osama Bin Laden tied to other fundamentalists”.
5. ^ Wright, Lawrence, Looming Tower, Knopf, 2006, p. 123
6. ^ a b The Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee, United Nations Security Council Committee 1267
7. ^ "'Terror' list out; Russia tags two Kuwaiti groups". Arab Times. February 2003.
8. ^ Terrorism Act 2000 (11, Schedule 2). 2000.
9. ^ a b "The Man Behind Bin Laden". The New Yorker. 16 September 2002. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
10. ^ "Pro-Morsy alliance considers presidential elections boycott". Egypt Independent. 31 March 2014. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
11. ^ Sageman, Marc, Understanding Terror Networks, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, p. 134 [ISBN missing]
12. ^ a b Benjamin, Daniel & Steven Simon. The Age of Sacred Terror, 2002 [ISBN missing][page needed]
13. ^ al-Zayat, Montasser, The Road to al-Qaeda, 2002 [ISBN missing][page needed]
14. ^ Murphy, Caryle, Passion for Islam: Shaping the Modern Middle East: the Egyptian Experience, Simon and Schuster, 2002, p. 67 [ISBN missing]
15. ^ Sageman, Marc, Understanding Terror Networks, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, p. 147 [ISBN missing]
16. ^ Looming Tower by Lawrence Wright, NY, Knopf, 2006, p. 122 [ISBN missing]
17. ^ Looming Tower, by Lawrence Wright, NY: Knopf, 2006, p. 124, [ISBN missing]
18. ^ 1988 visit to Lion's Den, in Looming Tower, by Lawrence Wright, NY, Knopf, 2006, p.129
19. ^ Looming Tower, by Lawrence Wright, NY, Knopf, 2006, p. 130
20. ^ Looming Tower, by Lawrence Wright, NY, Knopf, 2006, pp. 107–108
21. ^ Sageman, Marc, Understanding Terror Networks, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, p. 148
22. ^ Wright, Looming Tower, (2002), pp. 184–185
23. ^ Mickolus, Edward F. "Terrorism: 1992–1995: A Chronology of Events", p. 468
24. ^ Reuters, "Egypt rounds up 20 militants in bombing", August 20, 1993
25. ^ Wright, Looming Tower, (2002), p. 186
26. ^ Wright, Lawrence, Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11, Lawrence Wright, NY, Knopf, 2006, p. 186
27. ^ Wright, Looming Towers (2006), p. 185
28. ^ "Egypt and Sudan repair relations". BBC. 23 December 1999. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
29. ^ "The Denudation Of The Exoneration: Part 12". Jihadica. 18 November 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
30. ^ a b c Sageman, Marc, Understanding Terror Networks, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, p. 45
31. ^ a b Wright, Looming Towers, 2006, pp. 213–215
32. ^ "Al-Qaeda"s Secret Emails Part Four". Asharq Al-Awsat. 19 June 2005. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
33. ^ Wright, Looming Towers, 2006, p. 216
34. ^ Wright, Looming Towers, 2006, pp. 216, 220
35. ^ Wright, Looming Towers, 2006, p. 220
36. ^ Wright, Looming Towers, 2006, pp. 222–223
37. ^ Wright, Looming Towers, 2006, p. 336
38. ^ Le Figaro, "CIA said hunting Bin Laden group in Tirana", September 30, 1998
39. ^ Wright, Looming Towers, 2006, p. 259
40. ^ Canadian Security Intelligence Service, Summary of the Security Intelligence Report concerning Mahmoud Jaballah[permanent dead link], 22 February 2008. Appendix A.
41. ^ Wright, Looming Towers, 2006, pp. 260–261
42. ^ Sageman, Marc, Understanding Terror Networks, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, p. 63
43. ^ Wright, Looming Tower, (2006), p. 336
44. ^ "The Denudation Of The Exoneration: Part 12". Jihadica. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
45. ^ SDN and SDGT list, US Department of the Treasury
46. ^ Sageman, Understanding Terror Networks, (2004), p. 63
47. ^ Lawrence Wright (2 June 2008). "The Rebellion Within, An Al Qaeda mastermind questions terrorism". The New Yorker. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
48. ^ "Egyptian jihadist leader: Bin Laden blew himself up to avoid capture". Gulf News. 27 May 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
49. ^ Kevin M. Woods; James Lacey (November 2007). "Iraqi Perspectives Project" (PDF). Institute for Defense Analyses. Retrieved 31 March 2023.

## Further reading[edit]

* Jamaat al-Islamiyya (and) Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Council on Foreign Relations, October 2005
* "In the Spotlight: Al-Jihad (Egyptian Islamic Jihad)". Archived from the original on 9 April 2007. Retrieved 18 September 2017., Center for Defense Information, 17 September 2002
* "Al-Jihad al-Islami". Archived from the original on 25 September 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2017., Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies
* Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Australian National Security, Australian Government
* Egypt's Jihad Group leader wants end to violence
* Violence won't work: how author of 'jihadists' bible' stirred up a storm

* v
* t
* e

al-Jihad under the leadership of Ayman al-Zawahiri

al-Zawahiri ran AJ from 1991 until 2001, when it merged with al-Qaeda

Vanguards of Conquest|

* Kamel Agiza
* Mohammad Zeki Mahjoub
* Essam Marzouk
* Ihab Saqr
* Yassir al-Sirri

Core of al-Jihad|

* Ayman al-Zawahiri
* Attack on the Egyptian Embassy in Pakistan
* Returnees from Albania
* Mohammed Atef
* Mohammed Mutaleb
* Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif
* Thirwat Shehata
* Adil Awad Siyam

Killed in operations|

* Nazih Nushi Rashed
* Tarek Abdel-Nabi

Alleged members
of al-Jihad|

* Hani al-Sibai
* Ali Mohamed
* Ahmad Salama Mabruk
* Essam al-Qamari
* Mahmoud Jaballah
* Ibrahim Ismail Allam
* Ibrahim Eidarous
* Adel Abdel Bari
* Abu Yaqub al-Masri
* Abu Ayyub al-Masri
* Barakat Fahim Ali Mohamed
* Muhammad al-Zery
* Saif al-Adel
* Sayyed Ahmed Abdel-Maqssuod
* Sayyed Ajami
* Osama Hassan Ahmed
* Saeed Salama
* Abdel Fahmi
* Issam Alim
* Ahmad Isma'il 'Uthman
* Mahmud Hisham al-Hennawi
* Ali Sayyid Muhamed Mustafa al-Bakri
* Ahmad Ibrahim al-Naggar
* Tareq Ali Mursi
* Magid Mostafa
* Mohammad Hassan Mahmoud
* Shawqi Salama Mustafa Atiya
* Mohamed Hassan Tita
* Ameen Yusef al-Domeiry
* Khaled Medhet al-Fiqi
* Muhammad Abdelrahim al-Sharqawi
* Muhammad al-Zawahiri
* Yusef Abdel Majeed
* Essam Hendawi
* Abdel Hadi al-Tunsi
* Nabeel al-Bora'i
* Essam Hasheesh
* Waheed Gamal al-Deen
* Hassan Ali
* Ismaeel Tantawi
* Osman Rabei

* v
* t
* e

Al-Qaeda

Leadership|

* Saif al-Adel
* Abd al-Rahman al-Maghribi
* Ahmad Umar
* Iyad Ag Ghaly
* Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil
* Abu Ubaidah Youssef al-Annabi
* Ali Sayyid Muhamed Mustafa al-Bakri
* Ibrahim al-Banna
* Ibrahim al Qosi
* Abu Walid al-Masri
* Amin al-Haq
* Mohammed Showqi Al-Islambouli
* Abdukadir Mohamed Abdukadir
* Fuad Qalaf
* Jehad Mostafa
* Abu Humam al-Shami
* Sami al-Oraydi

Former
leadership|

| Killed|

* Osama bin Laden (killing)
* Ayman al-Zawahiri (killing)
* Mohammed Atef
* Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi
* Mustafa Mohamed Fadhil
* Haitham al-Yemeni
* Abu Hamza Rabia
* Muhsin Musa Matwalli Atwah
* Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
* Omar al-Faruq
* Haitham al-Badri
* Abu Yaqub al-Masri
* Abu Talha al-Sudani
* Abu Laith al-Libi
* Abu Sulayman Al-Jazairi
* Midhat Mursi
* Mohamed Moumou
* Khalid Habib
* Abu Ghadiya
* Abu Zubair al-Masri
* Rashid Rauf
* Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim
* Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam
* Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan
* Saad bin Laden
* Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan
* Abdullah Said al Libi
* Saleh al-Somali
* Saeed al-Masri
* Hamza al-Jawfi
* Ahmed Mohammed Hamed Ali
* Mohamed Abul-Khair
* Sheikh Fateh
* Huthaifa al-Batawi
* Ilyas Kashmiri
* Fazul Abdullah Mohammed
* Atiyah Abd al-Rahman
* Anwar al-Awlaki
* Samir Khan
* Tariq al-Dahab
* Muhammad Sa'id Ali Hasan
* Fahd al-Quso
* Abu Yahya al-Libi
* Hassan Ghul
* Abu-Zaid al Kuwaiti
* Said Ali al-Shihri
* Farman Ali Shinwari
* Abdelhamid Abou Zeid
* Ibrahim Haji Jama Mee'aad
* Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki
* Said Bahaji
* Abu Khalid al-Suri
* Omar Ould Hamaha
* Ahmed Abdi Godane
* Abu Yusuf Al-Turki
* Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah
* Adam Yahiye Gadahn
* Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari
* Othman Ahmad Othman al-Ghamdi
* Ibrahim Sulayman Muhammad al-Rubaysh
* Nasser bin Ali al-Ansi
* Nasir al-Wuhayshi
* Muhsin al-Fadhli
* Abu Khalil al-Madani
* Matiur Rehman
* Abu Firas al-Suri
* Ahmed Refai Taha
* Mokhtar Belmokhtar
* Abu Khayr al-Masri
* Ibrahim al-Asiri
* Hamza bin Laden
* Sari Shihab
* Asim Umar
* Qasim al-Raymi
* Abdelmalek Droukdel
* Khalid al-Aruri
* Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah
* Abu Muhsin al-Masri

|

Captured|

* Mamdouh Mahmud Salim
* Wadih el-Hage
* Khalid al-Fawwaz
* Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri
* Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
* Walid bin Attash
* Riduan Isamuddin
* Ali al-Bahlul
* Ahmed Ghailani
* Abu Faraj al-Libbi
* Mustafa Setmariam Nasar
* Abdul Hadi al Iraqi
* Muhammad Jafar Jamal al-Kahtani
* Mohamed Atiq Awayd Al Harbi
* Younis al-Mauritani
* Sulaiman Abu Ghaith
* Abu Anas al-Libi
* Muhanad Mahmoud Al Farekh
* Mukhtar Robow

Other|

* Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri (died)
* Abu Ubaidah al-Masri (died)
* Mahfouz Ould al-Walid (left)
* Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (expelled)
* Abu Mohammad al-Julani (left)
* Abu Maria al-Qahtani (left)
* Ahmad Salama Mabruk (left)
* Abu Omar al-Turkistani (left)
* Abu Sulayman al-Muhajir (left)
* Khalid Batarfi (died)

Timeline
of attacks|

* 1998 United States embassy bombings
* 2000 USS Cole bombing
* 2001 September 11 attacks
* 2002 Bali bombings
* 2004 Madrid train bombings
* 2005 London bombings
* 2007 Algiers bombings
* 2008 Islamabad Danish embassy bombing
* 2008 Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing
* 2013 In Amenas hostage crisis
* 2013 Westgate shopping mall attack
* 2015 Charlie Hebdo shooting
* 2015 Garissa University College attack
* 2015 Bamako hotel attack
* 2016 Ouagadougou attacks
* 2016 Grand-Bassam shootings
* 2016 Bamako attack
* 2019 Naval Air Station Pensacola shooting

Wars|

* Soviet–Afghan War
* Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)
* Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)
* First Chechen War
* Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)
* Second Chechen War
* War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
* Iraq War
* Somali Civil War
* War in North-West Pakistan (drone strikes)
* Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
* Syrian civil war
* Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
* Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
* Houthi insurgency

Affiliates|

* Al-Shabaab (Somalia)
* Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (Yemen)
* Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (North Africa)
* Egyptian Islamic Jihad (Egypt)
* Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (Indian Subcontinent)
* Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (Mali)
* Hurras al-Din (Syria)

Charity organizations|

* Benevolence International Foundation
* Al-Haramain Foundation

Media|

* Al Qaeda Handbook
* Al Neda
* As-Sahab
* Fatawā of Osama bin Laden
* Inspire
* Al-Khansaa
* Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit
* Management of Savagery
* Voice of Jihad
* Qaedat al-Jihad
* Global Islamic Media Front

Video and audio|

* Videos and audio recordings of Osama bin Laden
* Videos and audio recordings of Ayman al-Zawahiri
* USS Cole bombing

Related|

* Safe houses
* Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory
* Timeline

Category:Al-Qaeda

* v
* t
* e

Islamism

| Outline|

* Islamism
* Qutbism
* Khomeinism
* Salafism
* Salafi jihadism
* Shia Islamism

|

Concepts|

* Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists
* Islamic democracy
* Islamic socialism
* Islamic state
* Islamic monarchy
* Islamic republic
* Islamic emirate
* Islamistan
* Islamization
* of knowledge
* Pan-Islamism
* Post-Islamism
* Sharia
* Shura
* Turkish model
* Two-nation theory
* Ummah

Movements|

| Socio-political|

* Deobandi
* Hizb ut-Tahrir
* in Britain
* in Central Asia
* Islamic Defenders Front
* Jamaat-e-Islami
* Millî Görüş
* Muslim Brotherhood
* in Egypt
* in Syria

|

Political parties|

* Freedom and Justice Party
* Green Algeria Alliance
* Ennahda
* Hadas
* Hezbollah
* Islamic Salvation Front
* Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
* Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan
* Jamiat-e Islami
* Justice and Construction Party
* Justice and Development Party (Morocco)
* Justice and Development Party (Turkey)
* National Congress
* National Iraqi Alliance
* Malaysian Islamic Party
* Prosperous Justice Party
* Al Wefaq
* Welfare Party
* Fatah Alliance
* State of Law Coalition
* Islamic Action Front
* United Arab List

Related|

* Ansar Allah
* Taliban
* Islamic modernism

Political leaders

* Muhammad Abduh
* Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī
* Qazi Hussain Ahmad
* Hibatullah Akhundzada
* Muhammad Asad
* Hassan al-Banna
* Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
* Necmettin Erbakan
* Muammar Gaddafi
* Rached Ghannouchi
* Safwat Hegazi
* Muhammad Iqbal
* Alija Izetbegović
* Ali Khamenei
* Ruhollah Khomeini
* Abul A'la Maududi
* Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi
* Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani
* Mullah Omar
* Yusuf al-Qaradawi
* Sayyid Qutb
* Tariq Ramadan
* Ata Abu Rashta
* Rashid Rida
* Navvab Safavi
* Omar Bongo
* Ali Shariati
* Haji Shariatullah
* Hassan Al-Turabi
* Malcolm X
* Ahmed Yassin
* Zia-ul-Haq
* Ziaur Rahman
* Muhammad Rizieq Shihab

Salafi movement

| Movements|

| Scholastic|

* Ahl-i Hadith
* Madkhalism
* Sahwa movement
* Wahhabism

|

Political|

* Al Asalah
* Authenticity Party
* Al-Islah
* Al-Nour Party
* Islamist Bloc
* People Party
* Young Kashgar Party

Major figures|

* Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
* Nasiruddin Albani
* Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz
* Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i
* Safar al-Hawali
* Rabee al-Madkhali
* Muhammad Al-Munajjid
* Zakir Naik
* Salman al-Ouda
* Ali al-Tamimi
* Ibn al-Uthaymeen

Related|

* International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism
* Islamic religious police
* Petro-Islam
* Sufi–Salafi relations

Militant Islamism/Jihadism

| Ideology|

* Qutbism
* Salafi jihadism

|

Movements|

* Militant Islamism based in
* MENA region
* Egyptian Islamic Jihad
* Fatah al-Islam
* Hamas
* Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
* South Asia
* Taliban
* Lashkar-e-Taiba
* Southeast Asia
* Abu Sayyaf
* Sub-Saharan Africa
* Boko Haram
* al-Shabaab
* al-Qaeda
* in the Arabian Peninsula
* in Iraq
* in North Africa

Major figures|

* Hibatullah Akhundzada
* Anwar al-Awlaki
* Abdullah Yusuf Azzam
* Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
* Osama bin Laden
* Akhtar Mansour
* Mullah Omar
* Juhayman al-Otaybi
* Omar Abdel-Rahman
* Ayman al-Zawahiri

Related|

* Islam and violence
* Islamic extremism
* Islamic terrorism
* Jihad
* Slavery
* Talibanization

Other topics

| Texts|

* Reconstruction (Iqbal, 1930s)
* Forty Hadith (Khomeini, 1940)
* Principles (Asad, 1961)
* Milestones (Qutb, 1964)
* Islamic Government (Khomeini, 1970)
* Islamic Declaration (Izetbegović, 1969-1970)
* The Green Book (Gaddafi, 1975)

|

Historical
events|

* Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization
* Iranian Revolution
* Grand Mosque seizure
* Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
* Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
* Popular Arab and Islamic Congress
* Algerian Civil War
* Faith campaign
* September 11 attacks
* War on terror
* Arab Spring
* Arab Winter

Influences|

* Anti-imperialism
* Anti-Zionism
* Contemporary Islamic philosophy
* Islamic response to modernity
* Islamic revival

by region|

* Balkans
* Gaza Strip
* Sudan
* United Kingdom

Related topics|

* Criticism
* Political aspects of Islam
* Political Islam

* Islam in South Asia
* North Africa

* v
* t
* e

Militant Islamism in the Middle East and North Africa region

Ideology|

* Jihadism
* Salafi jihadism
* Pan-Islamism
* Qutbism
* Khomeinism
* Wahhabism

Phenomena|

* Islamic extremism
* Islamic fundamentalism
* Islamic terrorism

Organisations|

| Middle East|

* Abdullah Azzam Brigades
* Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades
* Ahrar al-Sham
* Ajnad al-Sham
* Al-Nusra Front
* Al-Qaeda
* Al-Qaeda in Iraq
* Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
* Al-Salafiya al-Jihadiya in the Sinai
* Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan
* Ansar al-Sham
* Ansar al-Sharia (Syria)
* Ansar al-Sharia (Yemen)
* Ansar Bait al-Maqdis
* Army of Conquest
* Army of Islam
* Hamas
* Hezbollah
* Quwat al-Ridha
* Hezbollah Al-Hejaz
* Houthis
* Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine
* Islamic State of Iraq
* Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
* Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades
* Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin
* Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
* Jaysh al-Islam
* Jaysh al-Ummah (Gaza)
* Jund Ansar Allah
* Jundallah (Iran)
* Khorasan group
* Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
* Katibat al-Ghuraba al-Turkistan
* Levant Front
* Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem
* Masada al-Mujahideen
* Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement
* Peace Companies
* People's Mujahedin of Iran
* Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade
* Tahrir al-Sham
* Tawhid al-Jihad
* Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
* Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba
* Kata'ib Hezbollah
* Badr Organization
* Mukhtar Army
* Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham
* Saraya al-Jihad
* Saraya Ansar al-Aqeeda
* Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas
* Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces
* Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada
* Kata'ib al-Imam Ali
* Liwa Fatemiyoun
* Liwa Zainebiyoun
* Al-Ashtar Brigades
* Sabireen Movement
* Jaysh al-Mu'ammal
* Baqir Brigade
* Promised Day Brigade
* 1920 Revolution Brigade
* Turkish Hezbollah
* Hamas of Iraq
* Islamic Dawa Party

|

North Africa|

* Abu Salim Martyrs Brigade
* al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
* Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)
* Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)
* Ansar ul Islam
* Ansar Bait al-Maqdis
* Armed Islamic Group
* Derna Protection Force
* Egyptian Islamic Jihad
* al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya
* Takfir wal-Hijra
* Libyan Islamic Fighting Group
* Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group
* Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa
* Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat
* Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries
* Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna
* Tunisian Combatant Group
* Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade

Leaders|

* Abu Ali al-Anbari
* Abu Mohammad al-Adnani
* Abu Muslim al-Turkmani
* Abu Suleiman al-Naser
* Ahmed al-Assir
* Anwar al-Awlaki
* Abdullah Yusuf Azzam
* Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah
* Abdul Nasser Qardash
* Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi
* Abu Ayyub al-Masri
* Abu Omar al-Baghdadi
* Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
* Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi
* Mohammed Atef
* Mokhtar Belmokhtar
* Tariq al-Dahab
* Tal'at Fu'ad Qasim
* Massoud Rajavi
* Maryam Rajavi
* Abdelmalek Droukdel
* Abu Ubaidah Youssef al-Annabi
* Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri
* Abu Ubaidah al-Masri
* Saeed al-Masri
* Saleh Al-Qaraawi
* Haji Bakr
* Hassan Hattab
* Abu Mohammad al-Julani
* Omar Abdel-Rahman
* Osama bin Laden
* Hassan Nasrallah
* Juhayman al-Otaybi
* Muqtada al-Sadr
* Saif al-Adel
* Shukri Mustafa
* Muhammad abd-al-Salam Faraj
* Nasir al-Wuhayshi
* Qasim al-Raymi
* Khalid Batarfi
* Ibrahim al-Banna
* Ahmed Yassin
* Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
* Ayman al-Zawahiri
* Abdelhamid Abou Zeid
* Abu Khayr al-Masri
* Abu Muhsin al-Masri
* Qais al-Khazali
* Hadi al-Amiri
* Jalal al-Din Ali al-Saghir
* Abdul-Malik Badreddin al-Houthi
* Wathiq al-Battat

Events|

* Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* Lebanese Civil War
* Iranian Revolution
* Iran–Iraq War
* Algerian Civil War
* Terrorism in Egypt
* Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
* Iraq War (2003–2011)
* Libyan Crisis (2011–present)
* Syrian civil war (2012–present)
* War in Iraq (2013–2017)
* Yemeni civil war (2014–present)

Related|

* Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
* ISIL territorial claims
* Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency
* Holy Shrine Defender

* Part of Islamism
* Militant Islamism in
* South Asia
* Southeast Asia
* Sub-Saharan Africa

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Israel
* United States
* Czech Republic

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template