Elections in Mozambique

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Daniel Chapo
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Mozambique elects representatives at several levels:

* at national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da República) has 250 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation.
* at provincial level, since 2009 Provincial Assemblies, elected at the same time that the national elections.
* at local level, since 1998 Municipal Elections to elect the leaders of the growing number of municipalities: the President of the Municipal Council and Municipal Assemblies.

## Latest election

[edit]

### President

[edit]

Candidate| Party| Votes| %

|
|
|

| Daniel Chapo| FRELIMO| 4,416,306| 65.17
| Venâncio Mondlane| Optimist Party for the Development of Mozambique| 1,639,333| 24.19
| Ossufo Momade| RENAMO| 448,738| 6.62
| Lutero Simango| Democratic Movement of Mozambique| 272,736| 4.02
Total| 6,777,113| 100.00

### Assembly

[edit]

Party| Votes| %| Seats
| FRELIMO| 4,910,858| 71.43| 171
| Optimist Party for the Development of Mozambique| 889,788| 12.94| 43
| RENAMO| 557,724| 8.11| 28
| Democratic Movement of Mozambique| 240,409| 3.50| 8
| Party of Greens of Mozambique| 59,041| 0.86| 0
| National Reconciliation Party| 18,012| 0.26| 0
| New Democracy| 15,723| 0.23| 0
| Democratic Revolution Party| 15,712| 0.23| 0
| Youth Movement for the Restoration of Democracy| 14,864| 0.22| 0
| Ecological Party–Land Movement| 14,759| 0.21| 0
| National Unity Party (Mozambique)| 14,432| 0.21| 0
| Patriotic Movement for Democracy| 14,360| 0.21| 0
| Mozambican National Union| 13,967| 0.20| 0
| Social Renewal Party| 12,012| 0.17| 0
| Labour Party| 10,656| 0.15| 0
| Democratic Liberal Party of Mozambique| 8,386| 0.12| 0
| Humanitarian Party of Mozambique| 8,376| 0.12| 0
| Union for Change Party| 7,321| 0.11| 0
| Reconciliation Party of Mozambique| 6,516| 0.09| 0
| Ecological Party of Mozambique| 6,328| 0.09| 0
| United Development Action Party for Integral Salvation| 5,676| 0.08| 0
| National Movement for the Recovery of Mozambican Unity| 4,883| 0.07| 0
| Party of Freedom and Development| 4,561| 0.07| 0
| National Workers and Peasants Party| 3,195| 0.05| 0
| Reconciliation Movement of Mozambique| 2,536| 0.04| 0
| Democratic Justice Party of Mozambique| 2,433| 0.04| 0
| Party for the Progress of the People of Mozambique| 2,227| 0.03| 0
| Social Broadening Party of Mozambique| 2,071| 0.03| 0
| Mozambican National Party/CRD| 1,819| 0.03| 0
| Party for the Development of Mozambique| 1,663| 0.02| 0
| Party for Peace, Democracy, and Development| 1,241| 0.02| 0
| Union of Mozambican Democrats| 1,192| 0.02| 0
| United Democrats Congress| 1,060| 0.02| 0
| Party of Social Democratic Reconciliation| 774| 0.01| 0
| People's Democratic Party of Mozambique| 619| 0.01| 0
Total| 6,875,194| 100.00| 250

## Electoral commission law

[edit]

Mozambican elections are run by a National Election Commission (CNE), and the election law has changed often. In December 2012, a new law in regards to the composition of the election commission consists of eight political party representatives: five appointed by the incumbent FRELIMO, two appointed by the principal opposition RENAMO and one by the Democratic Movement of Mozambique (MDM). There are further three members nominated by civil society representatives,[who?] a judge appointed by the Higher Council of the Judicial Magistrature and an attorney appointed by the Higher Council of the Public Prosecutor's Office.[1]

## 1994 – Presidential and Parliamentary election

[edit]

Main article: 1994 Mozambican general election

In the first multi-party elections held in Mozambique, in 1994, FRELIMO candidate and president of Mozambique since 1986 Joaquim Chissano was elected and the opposition party and former guerrilla group RENAMO acknowledged the result. The United Nations Security Council, which had a peacekeeping operation based there due to the civil war, endorsed the results as free and fair in Resolution 960.

## 1999 – Presidential and Parliamentary election

[edit]

Main article: 1999 Mozambican general election

In the elections in late 1999 President Joaquim Chissano from FRELIMO was re-elected with 52.3% of the vote, and FRELIMO secured 133 of 250 parliamentary seats. The main opposition parties candidate, RENAMO's Afonso Dhlakama, got 47.7% and the party won the remaining 117 parliamentary seats.

## 2004 – Presidential and Parliamentary election

[edit]

Main article: 2004 Mozambican general election

In the 1–2 December 2004 election Armando Guebuza, the new FRELIMO candidate, won with 63.7% of the votes, more than twice as many as RENAMO's candidate Afonso Dhlakama (31.7%). In the parliamentary election FRELIMO won 62% (1.8 million) of the votes, RENAMO 29.7% (905,000 votes), and 18 minor parties shared the remaining 8%. FRELIMO will hold 160 of the parliamentary seats, RENAMO 90.

The elections have been criticized for not having been conducted in a fair and transparent manner by the National Electoral Commission. Several cases of electoral fraud have occurred and remained unsanctioned. This has been criticized among others by the European Union Election Observation Mission to Mozambique and the Carter Center. However, the elections shortcomings have probably not (also according to EU observers) affected the result in the presidential election. The distribution of parliamentary seats among the parties will have been somewhat altered, though (RENAMO probably losing a number of seats to FRELIMO).

On 2 February 2005 Guebuza was sworn in as president of the republic, but without Dhlakama and RENAMO's recognition and presence at the inauguration. RENAMO have, however, agreed to participate in the Parliament and the Council of State.

## 2009 – Presidential and Parliamentary election

[edit]

Main article: 2009 Mozambican general election

The Presidential and Parliamentary elections were held on 28 October 2009 for the fourth time since the introduction of the multiparty system. In the elections for the Assembly of the Republic, FRELIMO and RENAMO contested all 13 parliamentary constituencies, but the newly formed MDM was able to contest only 4 parliamentary constituencies.

## 2014 – Presidential and Parliamentary election

[edit]

Main article: 2014 Mozambican general election

The Presidential and Parliamentary elections were held on 15 October 2014 for the fifth time since the introduction of the multiparty system. In the elections for the Assembly of the Republic, FRELIMO, MDM and RENAMO contested all 13 parliamentary constituencies.

## 2019 – Presidential and Parliamentary election

[edit]

Main article: 2019 Mozambican general election

## 2024 – Presidential and Parliamentary election

[edit]

Main article: 2024 Mozambican general election

## Parliamentary election results

[edit]

Political Party | Election Year

|

1994  | 1999  | 2004  | 2009  | 2014  | 2019
Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO)  | 129  | 133  | 160  | 191  | 144  | 184
Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO)  | 112  | \-  | \-  | 51  | 89  | 60
Mozambican National Resistance-Electoral Union (RENAMO-UE)  | \-  | 117  | 90  | \-  | \-  | \-
Democratic Union (UD)  | 09  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-
Democratic Movement of Mozambique (MDM)  | \-  | \-  | \-  | 08  | 17  | 6
Total | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250
Turnout | 87.9% | 69.54% | 33.60% | 44.63% | 49.03% | 51.84%

## See also

[edit]

* Electoral calendar
* Electoral system

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Mozambique: Renamo Proposals Go Beyond Agreement With Government – allAfrica.com".

## External links

[edit]

* Adam Carr's Election Archive
* African Elections Database

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Elections in Mozambique

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