Elf (film)

2003 American Christmas comedy film

Elf

Theatrical release poster

Directed by| Jon Favreau
Written by| David Berenbaum
Produced by|

* Jon Berg
* Todd Komarnicki
* Shauna Robertson

Starring|

* Will Ferrell
* James Caan
* Zooey Deschanel
* Mary Steenburgen
* Ed Asner
* Bob Newhart

Cinematography| Greg Gardiner
Edited by| Dan Lebental
Music by| John Debney

Production
companies

* New Line Cinema
* Guy Walks Into a Bar

Distributed by| New Line Cinema

Release date

* November 7, 2003 (2003-11-07)

Running time

| 97 minutes[1]
Country| United States[2]
Language| English
Budget| $33 million[1]
Box office| $228.9 million[1]

Elf is a 2003 American Christmas comedy film directed by Jon Favreau and written by David Berenbaum. It stars Will Ferrell as Buddy, a human raised by Santa's elves, who learns about his origins and heads to New York City to meet his biological father. James Caan, Zooey Deschanel, Mary Steenburgen, Ed Asner and Bob Newhart appear in supporting roles.

Elf was released in the United States on November 7, 2003, by New Line Cinema. It became a major critical and commercial success, grossing $220 million worldwide against a $33 million budget. Ferrell's performance as Buddy, in particular, was praised by critics. The film inspired the 2010 Broadway musical Elf: The Musical and NBC's 2014 stop motion animated television special Elf: Buddy's Musical Christmas. It has been hailed by many as a modern classic and is often listed as one of the best Christmas films of all time.[3][4][5]

## Plot

[edit]

One Christmas Eve, a baby from an orphanage crawls into Santa Claus's sack and is unwittingly taken back to the North Pole. The elves name the infant Buddy after his diaper's brand label, and Papa Elf adopts and raises him. Growing up, Buddy believes that he is an elf, only to discover in adulthood that he is a human. Papa Elf explains to Buddy that his birth parents are Walter Hobbs and Susan Wells, the latter of whom put him up for adoption before dying. Walter now works as a children's book publisher at the Empire State Building in New York City, and is unaware of Buddy's existence.

Buddy travels to New York and finds Walter at his workplace, but Walter mistakes Buddy for a Christmas-gram messenger and has him ejected. Buddy visits a Gimbels department store and becomes infatuated with a disillusioned employee named Jovie. Hearing that Santa will visit the store the following day, Buddy redecorates the store overnight. However, after realizing that the Gimbels Santa is simply a man in a costume, Buddy exposes him and causes a brawl that the manager breaks up.

Walter reluctantly bails out Buddy of jail and takes him for a DNA test, which confirms that Buddy is his son. The doctor suggests to Walter that he take Buddy home to meet his stepmother Emily and half-brother Michael. Walter and Michael are unnerved by Buddy's behavior, but Emily insists that they take care of him until he "recovers". Michael grows closer to Buddy after they defeat a gang of bullies in a snowball fight, and inspires Buddy to go on a date with Jovie.

Meanwhile, Walter's company is struggling after the failure of its latest book. Walter's boss Fulton Greenway expects him to have a new book ready by Christmas Eve. Walter and his team secure a meeting with ghostwriter Miles Finch, but Buddy interrupts the meeting and unintentionally insults Finch, mistaking him for an elf because of his dwarfism. Finch reacts violently and leaves the meeting. Frustrated by the setback, Walter lashes out at Buddy and disowns him. Ashamed, Buddy writes an apology on an Etch A Sketch and leaves Walter's apartment.

Walter's associates find Finch's notebook that he accidentally left behind and they scramble to create a pitch. Just as Walter is presenting the pitch to Greenway, Michael arrives with news of Buddy's departure. Realizing his mistake, Walter quits his job and leaves to find Buddy. Meanwhile, Buddy sees Santa's sleigh crash in Central Park, drawing a large crowd. Santa explains that the sleigh has lost its engine, which is essential for flight due to a shortage of Christmas spirit.

Buddy finds the engine and reunites with Walter and Michael, and Walter apologizes to Buddy for his outburst and finally accepts him as his son. After Buddy takes them to meet Santa, Michael takes Santa's list and reads it in front of news cameras gathered outside the park. Buddy tries to reattach the engine as Central Park Rangers pursue the sleigh. Jovie leads the crowd and those watching on television in a rendition of "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town", generating enough Christmas spirit to power the sleigh without the engine.

By the next Christmas, Walter started his own independent publishing company with his first bestseller being a children's book based on Buddy's adventures. Buddy has also married Jovie and brings their infant daughter Susie to visit Papa Elf.

## Cast

[edit]

Will Ferrell plays Buddy Hobbs

* Will Ferrell as Buddy Hobbs, an eccentric human who was raised by Santa's Christmas elves
* Max Favreau plays a young Buddy
* James Caan as Walter Hobbs, a cynical children's book publishing executive and Buddy's biological father
* Zooey Deschanel as Jovie, an unenthusiastic Gimbels employee and Buddy's love interest
* Mary Steenburgen as Emily Hobbs, Walter's wife, Michael's mother and Buddy's stepmother
* Daniel Tay as Michael Hobbs, Walter and Emily's son, and Buddy's younger paternal half-brother
* Ed Asner as Santa Claus
* Bob Newhart as Papa Elf, an older Christmas elf who is Buddy's adoptive father and the film's narrator

Faizon Love portrays Wanda, the manager of Gimbels and Jovie's boss. Peter Dinklage portrays dwarfish ghostwriter Miles Finch. Amy Sedaris plays Walter's secretary Deb. Michael Lerner portrays Walter's controlling boss Fulton Greenway. Andy Richter and Kyle Gass play Walter's colleagues Morris and Eugene, respectively.

Artie Lange plays the department store Santa with whom Buddy gets into a fight with. Will Ferrell's brother Patrick appears with Patrick McCartney as a pair of Empire State Building security guards. Mark Acheson portrays the mailroom worker who shares his liquor with Buddy. Favreau makes a cameo appearance as Ben, Walter's family doctor who does a DNA test on Buddy. Lydia Lawson-Baird portrays Carolyn, a little girl that Buddy meets in the waiting room who wants a Suzy Talks-A-Lot for Christmas. Claire Lautier plays NY1 reporter Charlotte Denon covering the crash in Central Park and Matt Walsh appears alongside her as himself.

At the North Pole, David Paul Grove portrays the Christmas elf Pom Pom who Buddy faints on, Michael Roberds portrays a Christmas elf cobbler, and Richard Side plays a Christmas elf teacher. Producer Peter Billingsley is uncredited as head Christmas elf Ming Ming.[6] Additionally, Leon Redbone voices Leon the Snowman, Ray Harryhausen voices a Polar bear cub, and Favreau is uncredited as the voice of Baby Walrus, Mr. Narwhal, and the Arctic Puffin.[6] Also uncredited are Maurice LaMarche for providing Buddy's extended belch,[7] and Dallas McKennon, who provides the voice of the jack-in-the-boxes via archive audio from Disney's Lady and the Tramp.[citation needed]

## Production

[edit]

### Development

[edit]

David Berenbaum initially wrote the script in 1993, with Chris Farley and Jim Carrey being early candidates to play Buddy.[8][9][10][11] Berenbaum's screenplay underwent uncredited rewrites by Scot Armstrong,[12][13] Chris Henchy,[14] and the writing team of Adam McKay and Will Ferrell.[15][16][17] Garry Shandling was offered the role of Walter Hobbs but declined.[8] Wanda Sykes was originally cast as the Gimbels manager Wanda but later dropped out.[18] Terry Zwigoff was offered to direct the film, but he turned it down in favor of Bad Santa (2003).[19][20] According to Jon Favreau, the script was initially "much darker" and did not interest him, although he was interested in working with Ferrell's first post-SNL movie.[21] Asked to rewrite it, a turning point came when he realized he could make Buddy's world an homage to the Rankin/Bass Christmas specials. This allowed him to conceive of a movie that could be PG rated as opposed to the original script, which he guessed would have been rated PG-13.[21]

### Filming

[edit]

Director Jon Favreau in 2007

Principal photography began on December 9, 2002, and wrapped on March 7, 2003.[22] Filming took place in New York City, as well as in Vancouver and at Riverview Hospital in Coquitlam, British Columbia.[21][23]

The film makes heavy use of forced perspective to exaggerate the size of Buddy compared to all the other elves. Stop motion animation was employed for certain sequences.[21] CGI usage was kept to a minimum due to Favreau's own preference, something that he later noted he "had to fight very hard" for.[21]

Will Ferrell said in interviews that he suffered ill effects after eating too much sugar for the film.[24]

Zooey Deschanel singing was not in the original script, and Favreau added it when he learned she was a singer.[21] When Buddy starts singing in the middle of Santaland at Gimbels, the lyrics were not scripted, and Will Ferrell improvised the song on the spot.[25]

The scene in which Buddy screams out "Santa!" when Wanda says he is coming to Gimbels was completely improvised by Ferrell.[26]

### Post-production

[edit]

Apart from snow, most of the computer-generated imagery (CGI) in the film was created by Rhythm & Hues Studios.[27] Buddy's belch after drinking a two-liter bottle of Coca-Cola was dubbed by voice actor Maurice LaMarche.[7]

## Music

[edit]

The soundtrack was released on New Line Records in November 2003 in the United States[28] and in October 2005 in the United Kingdom, including its signature song "Baby, It's Cold Outside" by Deschanel and Leon Redbone, which was released as a single.[29] It was certified Gold by the RIAA in April 2011.[30] Having sold 695,000 copies in the United States, it is the second-highest-selling soundtrack album for a Christmas themed film since Nielsen SoundScan started tracking music sales in 1991, behind only The Polar Express.[31]

1. "Pennies from Heaven" – Louis Prima
2. "Sleigh Ride" – Ella Fitzgerald and the Frank De Vol Orchestra
3. "Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" – Lena Horne
4. "Sleigh Ride/Santa Claus' Party" – Ferrante & Teicher/Les Baxter
5. "Baby, It's Cold Outside" – Leon Redbone and Zooey Deschanel
6. "Jingle Bells" – Jim Reeves
7. "The Nutcracker Suite" – Brian Setzer Orchestra
8. "Christmas Island" – Leon Redbone
9. "Santa Baby" – Eartha Kitt and the Henri René Orchestra
10. "Winter Wonderland" – Ray Charles
11. "Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" – Eddy Arnold
12. "Nothing from Nothing" – Billy Preston

The score to the film, composed and conducted by John Debney and performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony, was released by Varèse Sarabande.[32]

## Release

[edit]

### Home media

[edit]

The film was released on DVD and VHS on November 16, 2004, and on Blu-ray on October 28, 2008. The film was subsequently released on 4K Blu-ray on November 1, 2022.[33] It is also available for the PlayStation Portable with Universal Media Disc. This is one of the only few DVDs to be PG-rated under the Infinifilm label.

## Reception

[edit]

### Box office

[edit]

Elf grossed $178 million in the United States and Canada, and $50.4 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $228.9 million, against a production budget of $33 million.[1]

The film opened at number two at the box office in the United States with $31.1 million, finishing behind The Matrix Revolutions, also in its first week.[34] It topped the box office on its second week of release, beating out Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World and earning $26.3 million.[35][36] Additionally, Elf went on to compete against another family-oriented film, Brother Bear.[37] In the United Kingdom, it opened in second behind Love Actually.[38] The 2018, 2019, and 2020 reissues earned $442,000, $786,000, and $2 million respectively.[1]

### Critical response

[edit]

On Rotten Tomatoes, Elf holds an approval rating of 86% based on 202 reviews, and an average rating of 7.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "A movie full of Yuletide cheer, Elf is a spirited, good-natured family comedy, and it benefits greatly from Will Ferrell's funny and charming performance as one of Santa's biggest helpers."[39] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 66 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[40] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.[41]

Roger Ebert gave it three out of four stars, calling it "one of those rare Christmas comedies that has a heart, a brain, and a wicked sense of humor, and it charms the socks right off the mantelpiece."[42] Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film two out of four stars, saying: "Ferrell makes the damn thing work. Even though he can't get naked or use naughty words, there's a devil of comedy in Ferrell, and he lets it out to play. Director Jon Favreau has the good sense to just stand out of his way."[43] The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review, saying: "While the words "instant holiday classic" might be pushing it, Elf is at the very least a breezily entertaining, perfectly cast family treat."[44] A. O. Scott of The New York Times also gave the film a positive review, saying: "Elf is a charming, silly family Christmas movie more likely to spread real joy than migraine, indigestion and sugar shock. The movie succeeds because it at once restrains its sticky, gooey good cheer and wildly overdoes it."[45] Anna Smith of Empire magazine gave the film a three out of five stars and said: "Ferrell's man-child invites sympathy and sniggers, making this amusing despite some flimsy plotting. Sight gags and a Santa-centered story should keep the kids happy too."[46] Plugged In (publication) gave the film a positive review, writing: "The elf-reared Buddy has a heart as big as the arctic north. Does his movie match it?"[47]

### Accolades

[edit]

The film was nominated for nine awards and won two.[48]

Won

* 2004 ASCAP award – Top Box Office Films (John Debney)
* 2004 Golden Trailer – Best Comedy

Nominated

* 2004 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award – Favorite Movie
* 2004 MTV Movie Award – Best Comedic Performance (Will Ferrell)
* 2004 PFCS Award – Best Live Action Family Film and Best Use of Previously Published or Recorded Music
* 2004 Teen Choice Award – Choice Movie Actor – Comedy (Will Ferrell) and Choice Movie – Comedy
* 2005 Golden Satellite Award – Best Youth DVD

### Critics' rankings

[edit]

Elf is often ranked among the greatest Christmas films,[49][50][51][52] and airs annually on television during the holiday season. In 2017, Fandango users rated Elf the best Christmas film of the 21st century.[53]

* Digital Spy – #3[54]
* Total Film – #3[55]
* GamesRadar+ \- #5[56]
* Entertainment Weekly – #4[57]
* San Francisco Chronicle – #4[58]
* The Guardian – #4[59]
* The Hollywood Reporter – #6[60]
* Forbes – #7[61]
* Newsday – #7[62]
* about.com – #9[63]
* Empire – #11[64]
* Chicago Tribune – #17[65]
* New York Daily News – #23[66]

## Other media

[edit]

### Musical

[edit]

Main article: Elf (musical)

A Broadway musical based upon the film ran on Broadway during the 2010 Christmas season. It was directed by Casey Nicholaw, with music by Matthew Sklar, lyrics by Chad Beguelin, and a book by Bob Martin and Thomas Meehan.

The musical officially opened at the Al Hirschfeld Theatre on November 10, 2010, after previews from November 2, 2010. The cast included Sebastian Arcelus as Buddy, Amy Spanger as Jovie, Beth Leavel as Emily, Mark Jacoby as Walter, Matthew Gumley as Michael, Valerie Wright as Deb, Michael McCormick as Mr. Greenway, Michael Mandell as Store Manager, and George Wendt as Santa. It ran through to January 2, 2011.[67]

### Animated special

[edit]

Main article: Elf: Buddy's Musical Christmas

Elf: Buddy's Musical Christmas is an hour-long stop-motion animated musical television special based on the film and the musical of the same name. While Edward Asner was the only cast member from the film to reprise his role, the rest of the cast included Jim Parsons as Buddy, Mark Hamill as Walter Hobbs, Kate Micucci as Jovie, Rachael MacFarlane as Emily Hobbs, Max Charles as Michael Hobbs, and Gilbert Gottfried as Mr. Greenway. It was produced by Warner Bros. Animation and first aired on NBC on December 16, 2014. It features songs from the musical.

### Video game

[edit]

A video game based on the film was released on November 4, 2004, for the Game Boy Advance, developed by Human Soft and published by Crave Entertainment.[68][69] The game follows the same plot as the movie. In the majority of the levels, the player has to collect candies throughout each level while avoiding various objects and polar bears, whilst several levels consist of minigames, such as flying Santa's sleigh or engaging in a snowball fight.[citation needed] The game received generally negative reviews.[68]

### Cancelled sequel

[edit]

On September 18, 2013, Mental Floss reported that Favreau was interested in making a sequel to the film, titled Elf 2: Buddy Saves Christmas.[70] Later in December, Ferrell stated that he did not want to make a sequel.[71] In January 2016, Favreau stated that a sequel could still happen.[72] The next month, Ferrell reiterated that a sequel was unlikely and stated that he was generally reluctant to do sequels unless there was a story that justifies it.[73] On September 18, 2020, Caan reaffirmed that the possibility of a sequel was unlikely stating that Ferrell and Favreau did not get along.[74]

## See also

[edit]

* List of Christmas films
* Santa Claus in film

## References

[edit]

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## External links

[edit]

Wikiquote has quotations related to Elf (film).

* Official Warner Bros. Site
* Elf at IMDb
* Elf at AllMovie
* Elf at Box Office Mojo
* Elf at Rotten Tomatoes

* v
* t
* e

Jon Favreau

Filmography

Films directed|

* Made (2001)
* Elf (2003)
* Zathura: A Space Adventure (2005)
* Iron Man (2008)
* Iron Man 2 (2010)
* Cowboys & Aliens (2011)
* Chef (2014)
* The Jungle Book (2016)
* The Lion King (2019)
* The Mandalorian & Grogu (2026)

Films written only|

* Swingers (1996)
* Couples Retreat (2009)

TV series created|

* Dinner for Five (2001–2005)
* The Chef Show (2019–2020)
* The Mandalorian (2019–present)
* The Book of Boba Fett (2021–2022)

TV episodes directed|

* "Moving On (The Office)"
* "Pilot (About a Boy)"
* "Chapter 9: The Marshal"

Authority control databases |

* MusicBrainz release group

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