Endangered plants of Europe

Endangered plants of Europe, the list below contains plants that dwell in or migrate to any region in Europe and any nearby islands of the Atlantic Ocean. This includes plants that are found in the East Atlantic Ocean (Azores), Iceland, the Adriatic Sea, the Sea of Azov, the Black and Caspian Sea, Corsica, Cyprus, Palearctic, Russia, Eurasia, North African Coast, the Mediterranean Sea and islands located in the Mediterranean Sea, and the islands of Spain (Canary, Balearic). As of 2007, twenty-one percent of Europe's vascular plant species (flowering plants, conifers and ferns) are classified as threatened, according to the IUCN.[1] The list below was compiled from data on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species (IUCN) and "Earth's Endangered Creatures" (Online).[2] The International Union for Conservation of Nature,[3] identifies species in need of attention before approaching extinction and works to increase prevention of extinction. The list below includes vulnerable (VU), endangered (EN), critically endangered (CR), and recently extinct (EX) species.[3]

Antirrhinum subbaeticum. The Barbaricina Colombine or Aquilegia barbaricina. The Dragon Tree or Dracaena. Heberdeniaexcelsa. The Lonicera Ciliosa is a species of Honeysuckle. Juniper. The Nuragica Columbine is threatened in Spain.Aquilegia nuragica. Rhamnus integrifolia. Sea Marigold.

## Threatened plants of Europe and their locations

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PLANT NAME | STATUS[3] | RANGE/REGION

|
|

Akamas Centaury (Centaurea akamantis)  | CR  | Cyprus
Allium iatrouinum | CR  | Greece
Antirrhinum subbaeticum | EN  | It originated from Italy but was introduced into Spain
Apid den Bermejo (Apium bermejoi)  | CR  | Spain
Arran Service-tree (Sorbus pseudofennica)  | CR  | United Kingdom
Astragalus cavanillesii | CR  | Spain
Avon Gorge Whitebeam (Sorbus avonensis)  | CR  | United Kingdom
Azores Juniper (Juniperus brevifolia)  | VU  | Portugal (Azores)
Barbaricina Colombine (Aquilegia barbaricina)  | CR  | Italy
Berberis maderensis | CR  | Portugal
Betula celtiberica | ???  | Spain (possibly Great Britain)
Betula klokovii | CR  | Ukraine
Brimeura duvigneaudii | CR  | Spain
Bryoxiphium madeirense | EN  | Portugal
Buglosse Crépu (Anchusa crispa)  | CR  | France, Italy
Bully Tree (Sideroxylon marginatum)  | CR  | Cape Verde, Portugal, Spain
Bupleuro delle (Bupleurum elatum)  | CR  | Madoni Italy
Bupleuro di Marettimo (Bupleurum dianthifolium)  | CR  | Italy
Calligonum triste | CR  | Kazakhstan
Canary Islands Juniper (Juniperus cedrus)  | CR  | Portugal (Madeira); Spain (Canary Is.)
Canary Strawberry Tree (Arbutus canariensis)  | ???  | Spain (Canary Islands)
Canutillo del Teide (Silene nocteolens)  | CR  | Spain (Canary Is.)
Cardón de Jandía (Euphorbia handiensis)  | VU  | Spain (Canary Is.)
Carum foetidum | ???  | Algeria, Spain
Casey's Larkspur (Delphinium caseyi)  | CR  | Cyprus
Centranthus amazonum | CR  | Italy (Sardegna)
Centaurea borjae | EN  | Spain
Centranthus trinervis | EN  | France
Cerastium sventenii | EN  | Spain (Canary Islands)
Cheddar Whitebeam (Sorbus cheddarensis)  | CR  | United Kingdom
Cineraria (Senecio elodes)  | EN  | Spain
Conservilla Majorera (Salvia herbanica)  | CR  | Spain (Canary Is.)
Cornish Path Moss (Ditrichum cornubicum)  | CR  | United Kingdom
Cretan Zelkova (Zelkova abelicea)  | EN  | Greece
Crimean Rowan (Sorbus tauricola)  | CR  | Ukraine
Cyprus Cedar (Cedrus brevifolia)  | VU  | Cyprus
Derbyshire Feather-moss (Thamnobryum angustifolium)  | CR  | United Kingdom
Distichophyllum carinatum | CR  | Austria, Germany and Switzerland
Dracaena draco (Canary Islands dragon tree)  | EN  | Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands)
Echinodium setigerum | EN  | Portugal (Madeira)
Echinodium spinosum | EN  | Portugal (Madeira) and Spain (Canary Is.)
Echium acanthocarpum | CR  | Spain (Canary Islands)
Echium callithyrsum | VU  | Spain (Canary Is.)
Echium gentianoides | VU  | Spain (Canary Is.)
Echium handiense | CR  | Spain (Canary Is.)
Echium portosanctense | CR  | Portugal
Erysimum kykkoticum | CR  | Cyprus
Evans's Whitebeam (Sorbus evansii)  | CR  | United Kingdom
Falsa Sanicola (Petagnaea gussonei)  | EN  | Italy
Flueggea anatolica | EN  | Turkey
Gradsteinia torrenticola | VU  | Spain
Gyrocaryum oppositifolium | VU  | Spain
Harz' Mehlbeere (Sorbus harziana)  | CR  | Germany
Heberdenia excelsa | VU  | Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands)
Helianthemum guerrae | EN  | Spain
Maltese Everlasting (Helichrysum melitense)  | CR  | Malta
Medicago citrina | CR  | Spain
Hieracium lucidum | CR  | Italy
Horstrissea dolinicola | CR  | Greece
Jaramago de Alboran (Diplotaxis siettiana)  | CR  | Spain
Jasione mansanetiana | EN  | Spain
Kythrean Sage (Salvia veneris)  | CR  | Cyperus
Lamyropsis microcephala | CR  | Italy
Larkspur (Delphinium iris)  | CR  | Turkey
Ligusticum huteri | CR  | Spain
Limonium strictissimum | EN  | France, Italy
Lithodora nitida | EN  | Spain
Llangollen Whitebeam (Sorbus cuneifolia)  | EN  | United Kingdom
Llanthony Whitebeam (Sorbus stenophylla)  | EN  | United Kingdom
Lonicera karataviensis | CR  | Kazakhstan
Lunetiere de Rotges (Biscutella rotgesii)  | CR  | France
Lysimachia minoricensis | EW (Extinct in the Wild)  | Spain
Maltase Cliff-orache  | EN  | Malta
Maltese Centaury (Cheirolophus crassifolius)  | CR  | Malta
Malus niedzwetzkyana | EN  | Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Manzanilla de Sierra Nevada (Artemisia granatensis)  | EN  | Spain
Maura Scannell's Whitebeam (Sorbus scannelliana)  | CR  | Ireland
Meierotts Mehlbeere (Sorbus meierottii)  | CR  | Germany
Megrelian Birch (Betula megrelica)  | CR  | Georgia
Minuartia dirphya | CR  | Greece
Moehringia fontqueri | EN  | Spain
Morris Squill (Scilla morrisii)  | EN  | Cyprus
Myrica rivas-martinezii | CR  | Spain (Canary Islands)
Narcissus gaditanus | ???  | Portugal, Spain
Narcissus lusitanicus | VU  | Portugal, Spain
Narcissus nevadensis | EN  | Spain
Narcissus willkommii | EN  | Portugal
Naufraga balearica | CR  | Spain
Nees’ Hornwort (Anthoceros neesii)  | CR  | Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland
No Parking Tree (Sorbus admonitor)  | EN  | United Kingdom
Nuragica Columbine (Aquilegia nuragica)  | CR  | Italy
Ochyraea tatrensis | CR  | Slovakia
Orthotrichum handiense | CR  | Spain (Canary Is.)
Pleiomeris canariensis | CR  | Spain (Canary Islands)
Polygala helenae | CR  | Greece (East Aegean Is.)
Polygala sinisica | CR  | Italy
Pyrus anatolica | ???  | Turkey
Radula jonesii | EN  | Portugal, Spain (Canary Islands)
Rhamnus integrifolia | ???  | Spain (Canary Islands)
Riccia atlantica | CR  | Portugal (Madeira)
Salviablanca de Doramas (Sideritis discolor)  | CR  | Spain (Canary Is.)
Salix canariensis | ???  | Portugal (Madeira); Spain (Canary Is.)
Salix xanthicola | VU  | Bulgaria, Greece
Saponaria jagelii | CR  | Greece
Sardinian Currant (Ribes sardoum)  | CR  | Italy
Scapania sphaerifera | CR  | Russia
Schuwerk Mehlbeere (Sorbus schuwerkiorum)  | CR  | Germany
Sea Marigold (Calendula maritima)  | CR  | Italy
Serbian Spruce (Picea omorika)  | EN  | Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ship Rock Whitebeam (Sorbus parviloba)  | CR  | United Kingdom
Shrubby Buckwheat (Atraphaxis muschketowi)  | EN  | Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Sibiraea tianschanica | CR  | Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Sicilian Fir (Abies nebrodensis)  | CR  | Italy
Silene de Ifac (Silene hifacensis)  | EN  | Spain and Baleares
Silene marizii | ???  | Portugal, Spain
Silene orphanidis | EN  | Greece
Solenanthus reverchonii | CR  | Spain
Sorbus barrandienica | CR  | Czechia
Sorbus busambarensis | CR  | Italy
Sorbus cucullifera | CR  | Austria, Czechia
Sorbus thayensis | CR  | Austria, Czechia
Sorbus milensis | CR  | Czechia
Sorbus moravica | CR  | Czechia
Sorbus pauca | CR  | Czechia
Sorbus portae-bohemicae | CR  | Czechia
Sorbus spectans | CR  | United Kingdom
Sorbus tobani | CR  | Hungary
Sorbus rhodanthera | CR  | Czechia
Spiraeanthus schrenkianus | EN  | Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Star Thistle (Centaurea corensis)  | CR  | Italy
Stonecress (Aethionema retsina)  | CR  | Greece
Succisella andreae-molinae | EN  | Spain
Teucrium balthazaris | ???  | Spain
Thin-Leaved Whitebeam (Sorbus leptophylla)  | EN  | United Kingdom
Troodos Rockcress (Arabis kennedyae)  | CR  | Cyprus
Twin Cliffs Whitebeam (Sorbus eminentoides)  | CR  | United Kingdom
Urartuan Milkwort (Polygala urartu)  | EN  | Armenia
White's Whitebeam (Sorbus whiteana)  | CR  | United Kingdom
Würzburger Mehlbeere (Sorbus herbipolitana)  | CR  | Germany
Yesquera Roja (Helichrysum monogynum)  | EN  | Spain (Canary Is.)
Yesquera Amarilla (Helichrysum gossypinum)  | VU  | Spain (Canary Is.)
Yorkshire Feather-moss (Thamnobryum cataractarum)  | CR  | United Kingdom
Zelkova sicula | CR  | Italy

## Conservation

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Propragation has been conducted using in vitro techniques in facilities across the country. This method of conservation is used in parts of the world to preserve plants for as long as possible. In vitro propagation has allowed material to be kept in in vitro gene banks, and this will expand with deeper developments in cryopreservation technology. An increasing number of botanic gardens now have in vitro facilities, and information on techniques is distributed between these in addition to cultures.[4]

## See also

[edit]

* Threatened mammals of Europe

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Silva, João Pedro. "Life and Endangered Plants "Conserving Europe's threatened flora"" (PDF). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
2. ^ Glenn, C. R. ""Earth's Endangered Creatures" (Online)".
3. ^ a b c "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN 2011.
4. ^ Fay, Michael (1992). "Conservation of rare and endangered plants using in vitro methods". In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant. 28: 1–4\. doi:10.1007/BF02632183. S2CID 43332490.

* v
* t
* e

Threatened species by region

By region|

* Blue-listed
* Environmental Vulnerability Index
* Regional Red List

Australasia|

* Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
* ROTAP
* Threatened Species Protection Act 1995
* Threatened ecological community
* Trade in Endangered Species Act 1989

Canada|

* Species at Risk Act
* Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada

Europe|

* EAZA Ex-situ Programme
* Funds for Endangered Parrots

South Africa|

* Endangered Wildlife Trust

United
States|

* Distinct population segment
* Endangered Species Act of 1973
* Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978
* Endangered species recovery plan
* Endangered Wolf Center
* National Wildlife Refuge
* NatureServe conservation status
* The Nature Conservancy

Lists|

| Asia|

* List of endangered and protected species of China
* Endangered mammals of India
* List of endangered animals in India
* List of endemic and threatened plants of India
* List of endangered species in Pakistan
* List of threatened species of the Philippines
* List of endangered species in Vietnam

|

Europe|

* Threatened mammals of Europe
* Endangered plants of Europe
* Bulgaria
* Italy
* Lithuania
* Russia
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

North
America|

* List of endangered plants of North America
* List of endangered animals of North America
* Endangered mammals and birds of the United States
* List of threatened mammals of the United States
* List of threatened birds of the United States
* List of threatened reptiles and amphibians of the United States

Elsewhere|

* Threatened fauna of Australia
* List of threatened flora of Australia
* List of endangered flora of Brazil
* List of threatened mammals of Brazil
* List of threatened birds of Brazil

* v
* t
* e

Threatened species

Template: Threatened species by region

IUCN Red List|

| Categories1|

| Extinct|

* Extinct (EX)
* Extinct in the Wild (EW)

|

Threatened|

* Critically Endangered (CR)
* Endangered (EN)
* Vulnerable (VU)

Lower risk|

* Near Threatened (NT)
* Least Concern (LC)
* Lower Risk (LR)
* Conservation Dependent (LR/cd)

Not fully assessed|

* Data Deficient (DD)
* Not Evaluated (NE)

Species|

| Lists|

* Extinct
* Extinct in the Wild
* Critically Endangered
* Endangered
* Vulnerable
* Near Threatened
* Least Concern
* Data Deficient

|

WP categories|

* Extinct
* Extinct in the Wild
* Critically Endangered
* Endangered
* Vulnerable
* Near Threatened
* Least Concern
* Data Deficient

CITES|

* Appendix I
* Appendix II
* Appendix III

By taxa|

* Threatened arthropods / Endangered arthropods / spiders / Decline in insect populations
* Decline in amphibian populations
* Threatened Banksia / rays / sharks / Fungi / Chromista
* The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates
* The world's 100 most threatened species

Conservation|

* Biodiversity action plan
* Biodiversity threats
* Conservation biology
* CITES
* ARKive
* Bird conservation
* Conservation status
* Conservation-reliant species
* Ecoregion conservation status
* Habitat destruction
* Latent extinction risk
* Rare species
* Vulnerability and susceptibility

1 Pre-2001 categories and subcategories shown in italics.
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