English exonyms

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An English exonym is a name in the English language for a place (a toponym), or occasionally other terms, which does not follow the local usage (the endonym). Exonyms and endonyms are features of all languages, and other languages may have their own exonym for English endonyms, for example Llundain is the Welsh exonym for the English endonym "London".

Romanization, or transcription of a non-Latin alphabet endonym into a Latin alphabet, is not generally regarded as creating exonyms: "The application of any scientifically sound romanization system to a non-Roman endonym merely re-creates that original endonym in another legitimate form" (Päll, 2002).[1][2] However old romanization systems may leave a legacy of "familiar" spellings, as in the case of, for example, romanization of Burmese.[3] This affects romanization of Arabic, romanization of Chinese, and many other non-Latin alphabet place names.

Translations of non-proper nouns such as "river" and "lake" also do not qualify as exonyms.

A less common form of exonym is usage for names and titles. Personal exonyms are typically limited to regnal names such as popes (John Paul II) and monarchs (Charles V); less commonly, well-known historical authors (John Calvin, for French Jean Calvin) are referred to by exonyms. The list does not include the list of English translated personal names.

## General

[edit]

This section lists English-language exonyms that are for places located in multiple countries, English names of countries, and typical patterns.

### Countries and territories

[edit]

The following is a list of countries and territories whose names in local languages differ from their (non-local) English ones. The list includes countries with limited recognition, autonomous territories of sovereign countries, and fully sovereign countries.

Country names are listed in their short form, and do not include names spelled identically in English. Near-identical names in pronunciation or spelling are included, but countries named with non-proper nouns (like Central African Republic or United Arab Emirates) are not. It is debatable whether the mere omission of a diacritical mark (as in several instances in the table below) creates an exonym.

The languages listed are official languages and/or prominent local languages, except if the name for the associated country is spelled the same as in English. Languages in italics are no longer spoken in the given country, but the name listed retains some use.

Likewise, exonyms in italics are obsolete or are disputed.

Countries and territories  English name  | Endonym  | Language

|
|

Abkhazia | Aṗsny (Аԥсны)  | Abkhaz
Abkhaziya (Абхазия)  | Russian
Afghanistan | Afġānestān (افغانستان)  | Dari
Afġānistān (افغانستان)  | Pashto
Albania | Shqipëri(a)  | Standard Albanian
Shqipyni(a)  | Gheg Albanian
Algeria | Al-Dzāyīr (الدزاير)  | Maghrebi Arabic
Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر)  | Standard Arabic
Armenia | Hayastan (Հայաստան)  | Armenian
Austria | Österreich  | Standard German
Azerbaijan | Azərbaycan  | Azeri
Bahrain | Al-Baḥrayn (البحرين)  | Standard Arabic
Bangladesh | বাংলাদেশ (Bangladesh)  | Bengali
Belarus | Byelarus’ (Беларусь)  | Belarusian
Russian
Belgium | België  | Dutch
Belgien  | Standard German
Belgique  | French
Benin | Bénin
Bhutan | Druk Yul (འབྲུག་ཡུལ་)  | Dzongkha
Bolivia | Mborivia  | Guarani
Puliwya  | Quechua
Wuliwya  | Aymara
Bosnia & Herzegovina | Bosna & Hercegovina (Босна & Херцеговина)  | Bosnian
Brazil | Brasil  | Portuguese
Bulgaria | Balgariya (България)  | Bulgarian
Burkina Faso | Burkĩna Faso  | Mossi
Burundi | Uburundi  | Kirundi
Cambodia | Kampuciə (កម្ពុជា)  | Khmer
Cameroon | Cameroun  | French
Kamerun  | Fula
Cape Verde | Cabo Verde  | Portuguese
Kabu Verdi  | Cape Verdean Creole
Chad | Tchad  | French
Tshād (تشاد)  | Standard Arabic
Chile | Chili  | Aymara
Chli  | Mapudungun
Chili  | Quechua
Tire  | Rapa Nui
China | Zhōngguó (中国)  | Mandarin
Colombia | Colombia  | Spanish
Comoros | Comores  | French
Juzur Al-Qamar (جزر القمر)  | Standard Arabic
Komori  | Comorian
Congo-Brazzaville | Kongó  | Lingala
Kôngo-Balazvile  | Kongo
Congo-Kinshasa | Kongo  | Luba-Katanga
Kongó-Kinsásá  | Lingala
Kôngo  | Kongo
Kongu  | Swahili
Cook Islands | Kūki 'Āirani  | Cook Islands Maori
Croatia | Hrvatska  | Croatian
Cyprus | Kıbrıs  | Turkish
Kýpros (Κύπρος)  | Greek
Czech Republic, Czechia  | Česká republika, Česko  | Czech
Denmark | Danmark  | Danish
Djibouti | Jabuuti  | Somali
Jībūtī (جيبوتي)  | Standard Arabic
Yibuuti  | Afar
Dominica | Dominique  | French
Wai'tu kubuli  | Island Carib
East Timor | Timor-Leste  | Portuguese
Timór Lorosa'e  | Tetum
Ecuador | Ekuatur  | Shuar
Ikwayur  | Quechua
Egypt | Maṣr (مَصر)  | Egyptian Arabic
Miṣr (مِصر)  | Standard Arabic
Eritrea | Ertra (ኤርትራ)  | Tigrinya
‘Iritriyā (إرتريا)  | Standard Arabic
Estonia | Eesti  | Estonian
Ethiopia | Itiyoophiyaa  | Afar
Itoobiya  | Somali
Itoophiyaa  | Oromo
ʾĪtyōṗṗyā (ኢትዮጵያ)  | Amharic
Tigrinya
Fiji | Fijī (फ़िजी)  | Fiji Hindi
Viti  | Fijian
Finland | Suomi  | Finnish
France | France  | French
Gambia | Gámbi  | Wolof
Kambiya  | Mandinka
Georgia | Sakartvelo (საქართველო)  | Georgian
Germany | Deutschland  | Standard German
Ghana | Gaana  | Twi
Greece | Elládha (Ελλάδα)  | Greek
Grenada | La Gwenad  | Grenadian Creole
Guinea-Bissau | Guiné-Bissau  | Portuguese
Guinea-Conakry  | Ginea-Conakry  | Fula
Guinée-Conakry  | French
Haiti | Ayiti  | Haitian Creole
Haïti  | French
Honduras | Honduras  | Spanish
Hong Kong | Xiānggǎng  | Chinese
Hungary | Magyarország  | Hungarian
Iceland | Ísland  | Icelandic
India | Bhaaratham (ഭാരതം)  | Malayalam
Bhārat (भारत)  | Marathi
Dogri
Hindi
Maithili
Nepali
Bhārat (ભારત)  | Gujarati
Bhārat (بًارت \ भारत)  | Kashmiri
Bhārat (بھارت \ ਭਾਰਤ)  | Punjabi
Bhārat (ڀارت \ भारत)  | Sindhi
Bhārat (بھارت)  | Urdu
Bhārata (ಭಾರತ)  | Kannada
Bhāratam (भारतम्)  | Sanskrit
Bhārathadeśaṁ (భారతదేశం)  | Telugu
Bhāratham (பாரதம்)  | Tamil
Bharot (भारत)  | Konkani
Bhārot (ভারত)  | Bengali
Bhārôt (ভাৰত)  | Assamese
Meitei
Bhārôt (भारत)  | Bodo
Bhārôtô (ଭାରତ)  | Odia
Siñôt (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)  | Santali
Iran | Irān (ایران)  | Persian
Iraq | Al-'Irāq (اَلْعِرَاق)  | Standard Arabic
Êraq (عێراق)  | Kurdish
Ireland | Éire  | Irish
Israel | Isrā'īl (إِسْرَائِيل)  | Standard Arabic
Yisraél (ישראל)  | Hebrew
Italy | Italia  | Standard Italian
Ivory Coast | Côte d'Ivoire  | French
Japan | Nihon / Nippon (日本)  | Japanese
Jordan | Al-'Urdunn (الأردن)  | Standard Arabic
Kazakhstan | Qazaqstan (Қазақстан)  | Kazakh
Kosovo | Kosovë  | Albanian
Kuwait | Al-Kuwait (الكويت)  | Standard Arabic
il-Ikwēt (الكويت)  | Gulf Arabic
Kyrgyzstan | Kırǧızstan (Кыргызстан)  | Kyrgyz
Laos | Lāo (ລາວ)  | Lao
Latvia | Latvija  | Latvian
Lețmō  | Livonian
Lebanon | Ləbnēn (لبنان)  | Levantine Arabic
Lubnān (لبنان)  | Standard Arabic
Libya | Lībiyā (ليبيا)
Lithuania | Lietuva  | Lithuanian
Luxembourg | Lëtzebuerg  | Luxembourgish
Luxemburg  | Standard German
Madagascar | Madagasikara  | Malagasy
Malawi | Malaŵi  | Chewa
Tumbuka
Malaysia | Mǎláixīyà (马来西亚)  | Mandarin
Maldives | Dhivehi Raajje (ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ )  | Dhivehi
Mali | Mālī (مالي)  | Standard Arabic
Marshall Islands | Aorōkin M̧ajeļ  | Marshallese
Mauritania | Agawej  | Berber
Cengiṭ
Gànnaar  | Wolof
Mauritanie  | French
Moritani  | Pulaar
Mūrītānyā (موريتانيا)  | Standard Arabic
Murutaane  | Soninke
Mauritius | Maurice  | French
Moris  | Mauritian Creole
Mexico | México  | Spanish
Mēxihco  | Nahuatl
Moldova | Moldaviya (Молдавия)  | Russian
Monaco | Mónegue  | Occitan
Mùnegu  | Ligurian
Mongolia | Mongol Uls (Монгол Улс)  | Mongolian
Montenegro | Crna Gora (Црна Гора)  | Montenegrin
Morocco | Al-Maġrib (المغرب)  | Standard Arabic
lmeɣrib (ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ)  | Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Maroc  | French
Mozambique | Moçambique  | Portuguese
Msumbiji  | Swahili
Mozambiki  | Chewa
Muzambhiki  | Tsonga
Myanmar | Myǎma (မြန်မာ)  | Burmese
Namibia | Namibië  | Afrikaans
Nauru | Naoero  | Nauruan
Nepal | Nepāl (नेपाल)  | Nepali
Netherlands | Nederland  | Dutch
New Zealand | Aotearoa  | Maori
Niger | Al-Nayjar (النيجر)  | Standard Arabic
Nigeria | Naìjíríyà  | Igbo
Naìjíríyà  | Yoruba
Najeriya  | Hausa
Niue | Niuē  | Niuean
North Korea | Chosŏn (조선)  | Korean
North Macedonia | Maqedonia e Veriut  | Albanian
Severna Makedonija (Северна Македонија)  | Macedonian
Norway | Nöörja  | Southern Sami
Noreg  | Norwegian Nynorsk
Norga  | Northern Sami
Norge  | Norwegian Bokmål
Vuodna  | Lule Sami
Oman | 'Umān (عمان)  | Standard Arabic
Pakistan | Pākistān (پاکِستان)  | Urdu
Palau | Belau  | Palauan
Parao (パラオ)  | Japanese
Palestine | Filasṭīn (فلسطين)  | Standard Arabic
Panama | Panamá  | Spanish
Papua New Guinea | Papua Niu Gini | Hiri Motu
Papua Niugini | Tok Pisin
Paraguay | Paraguái  | Guarani
Paraguay | Spanish
Peru | Perú
Piruw  | Aymara
Quechua
Philippines | Pilipinas  | Tagalog
Poland | Polska  | Polish
Portugal | Portugal  | Portuguese
Qatar | Giṭar (قطر)  | Gulf Arabic
Qaṭar (قطر)  | Standard Arabic
Romania | România  | Romanian
Russia | Rossíya (Росси́я)  | Russian
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Saint Christopher and Nevis  | English
Samoa | Sāmoa  | Samoan
Saudi Arabia | al-Suʿūdiyya (ٱلسُّعُودِيَّة)  | Standard Arabic
Senegal | Senegaal  | Wolof
Sénégal  | French
Serbia | Srbija  | Serbian
Seychelles | Sesel  | Seychellois Creole
Singapore | Ciṅkappūr (சிங்கப்பூர்)  | Tamil
Singapura  | Malay
Xīnjiāpō (新加坡)  | Mandarin
Slovakia | Slovensko  | Slovak
Slovenia | Slovenija  | Slovene
Somalia | aṣ-Ṣūmāl (الصومال)  | Standard Arabic
Soomaaliya  | Somali
Somaliland | Ṣūmālīlānd (صوماليلاند)  | Standard Arabic
South Korea | Hanguk (한국)  | Korean
South Sudan | Paguot Thudän  | Dinka
South Ossetia | Alaniya (Алания)  | Russian
Allonston (Аллонстон)  | Ossetian
Spain | Espainia  | Basque
España  | Galician
Spanish
Espanha  | Occitan
Espanya  | Catalan
Sri Lanka | Ilaṅkai (இலங்கை)  | Tamil
Śrī Laṁkā (ශ්‍රී ලංකා)  | Sinhala
Sudan | as-Sūdān (السودان)  | Standard Arabic
Sweden | Sverige  | Swedish
Switzerland | Helvetia  | Latin
Schweiz  | Standard German
Suisse  | French
Svizra  | Romansh
Svizzera  | Standard Italian
Syria | Sūriyā (سوريا)  | Standard Arabic
Taiwan | Tâiuân (臺灣)  | Hokkien
Táiwān (臺灣)  | Mandarin
Taywan  | Amis
Tǒivǎn (臺灣)  | Hakka
Tajikistan | Tojikiston (Тоҷикистон)  | Tajik
Thailand | Pratheṣ̄thịy (ประเทศไทย)  | Thai
Transnistria | Nistrenia (Нистрения)  | Romanian
Pridnestrovye (Приднестровье)  | Russian
Prydnistrovya (Придністров'я)  | Ukrainian
Tunisia | Tunest  | Berber
Tunisie  | French
Tūnis (تونس)  | Standard Arabic
Turkey | Türkiye  | Turkish
Turkmenistan | Türkmenistan  | Turkmen
Uganda | Yuganda  | Luganda
Ukraine | Ukrajina (Україна)  | Ukrainian
Uzbekistan | Oʻzbekiston (Ўзбекистон)  | Uzbek
Vatican City | Stato della Città del Vaticano  | Standard Italian
Status Civitatis Vaticanae  | Latin
Vietnam | Việt Nam  | Vietnamese
Yemen | Al-Yaman (اَلْيَمَنُ)  | Standard Arabic

### Other territories

[edit]

The following is a list of other territories/regions which are not deemed as countries or sovereign states.

Other territories  English name  | Endonym  | Language

|
|

Alsace | Elsass  | German
Elsàss  | Alsatian
Basque Country | País Vasco  | Spanish
Euskadi  | Basque
Bavaria | Bayern  | German
Boarn  | Bavarian
Bohemia | Čechy  | Czech
Böhmen  | German
Brittany | Bretagne  | French
Breizh  | Breton
Catalonia | Catalunya  | Catalan
Cataluña  | Spanish
Cornwall | Kernow  | Cornish
Corsica | Corse  | French
Crimea | Krym (Крым)  | Russian
Krym (Крим)  | Ukrainian
Qırım  | Crimean Tatar
Faroe Islands | Færøerne  | Danish
Føroyar  | Faroese
Flanders | Vlaanderen  | Dutch
Friesland | Fryslân  | Frisian
Galicia | Galiza  | Galician
Greenland | Grønland  | Danish
Kalaallit Nunaat  | Greenlandic
Hawaii | Hawai‘i  | Hawaiian
Kashubia | Kaszuby  | Polish
Kaszëbë  | Kashubian
Kurdistan | Kurdistan (کوردستان)  | Sorani Kurdish
Kurdistān (كردستان)  | Arabic
Persian
Kürdistan  | Turkish
K’urdistan (Քուրդիստան)  | Armenian
Kurdıstan  | Zazaki
Lombardy | Lombardia  | Italian
Moravia | Morava  | Czech
Mähren  | German
Normandy | Normandie  | French
Normaundie  | Norman
Northern Ireland | Tuaisceart Éireann  | Irish
Norlin Airlann  | Ulster Scots
Occitania | Occitanie  | French
Occitània  | Occitan
Piedmont | Piemonte  | Italian
Piemont  | Piedmontese
Pomerania | Pomorze  | Polish
Pommern  | German
Quebec | Québec  | French
Sardinia | Sardegna  | Italian
Sardigna  | Sardinian
Scotland | Alba  | Scottish Gaelic
Sicily | Sicilia  | Italian
Sicilian
Silesia | Śląsk  | Polish
Slezsko  | Czech
Ślōnsk  | Silesian
Schlesien  | German
Tibet | Xīzàng (西藏)  | Mandarin
Böd (བོད)  | Tibetan
Wales | Cymru  | Welsh
Wallonia | Wallonie  | French

## Specific countries

[edit]

### Albania

[edit]

Albania Shqipëria  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Durazzo  | Durrës | Albanian | Dated, Italian name
Tirana | Tiranë  | Albanian | Tirana is Albanian for "the Tirana"

### Algeria

[edit]

Algeria Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Algiers | Al-Jazā'ir (الجَزائر)  | Standard Arabic |
Constantine | Qusanṭīnah (قسنطينة)  |
Oran | Wahrān (وَهران)  |

Name of the country and its capital city in Arabic, Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر), is Arabic for "the islands".[4]

### Armenia

[edit]

Armenia Hayastan (Հայաստան)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Ararat Plain | Araratyan dasht (Արարատյան դաշտ)  | Armenian |
Iğdır Ovası  | Turkish |
Yerevan | Erevan (Երևան)  | Armenian | Armenian place pronounced like English name

### Australia

[edit]

Most places in Australia have additional names in various indigenous Australian languages.

Australia English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Ayers Rock | Uluru | Pitjantjatjara | Dated
Rose Hill | Parramatta | Dharug | Archaic
Tasmania | Lutruwita  | Nuenonne / Palawa kani |

### Austria

[edit]

See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms

Austria Österreich  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Ammergau Alps | Ammergebirge[5] | German |
Bavarian Prealps | Bayerische Voralpen[5] |
Brenner Pass | Brennerpass[5] |
Carinthia | Kärnten[6][5] |
Carpathian Basin | Karpatenbecken[5] |
Danube river  | Donau[6] |
Drava | Drau[5] |
Drave | Dated
Lake Constance | Bodensee[6][5] |
Northern Limestone Alps | Nördliche Kalkalpen[5] |
Southern Limestone Alps | Südliche Kalkalpen[5] |
Styria | Steiermark[6][5] |
Tyrol | Tirol[5] |
Vienna | Wien[6] |
Wetterstein | Wettersteingebirge[5] |

### Azerbaijan

[edit]

Azerbaijan Azərbaycan  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Baku | Bakı  | Azeri |
Barda | Bərdə  |
Caucasus | Qafqaz  |
Ganja | Gəncə  |
Lachin | Laçın  |
Sumgait | Sumqayıt  |

### Belarus

[edit]

Belarus (Беларус)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Bielorussia, Byelorussia | Belorussia  | Belarusian, Russian  | obsolete
White Russia

### Belgium

[edit]

Historically, English borrowed French names for many places in Dutch-speaking areas of Belgium. With a few exceptions this practice is no longer followed by most sources.[7]

Belgium België/ Belgique  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Antwerp | Antwerpen  | Dutch |
Bruges | Brugge  | French name
Brussels | Brussel  |
Bruxelles  | French |
Courtrai | Kortrijk | Dutch | Archaic, French name
Filford | Vilvoorde | Archaic
Flanders | Vlaanderen  |
Gaunt | Gent  | Archaic
Ghent |
Louvain | Leuven | Archaic, French name
Mechlin | Mechelen | Archaic
Ostend | Oostende  |
Wallonia | Wallonie  | French |
Ypres | Ieper  | Dutch | French name

### Bosnia & Herzegovina

[edit]

Bosnia & Herzegovina Bosna & Hercegovina (Босна & Херцеговина)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Bosnia | Bosna (Босна)  | Bosnian |
Herzegovina | Hercegovina (Херцеговина)  | German spelling, English name pronounced the same
Narenta  | Neretva (Неретва)  | Italian name, sometimes used in English

### Bulgaria

[edit]

Bulgaria Balgariya (България)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Balkan Mountains | Stara Planina (Стара Планина)  | Bulgarian |
Danube river  | Dunav (Дунав)  |
Philippopolis | Plovdiv (Пловдив)  | Archaic
Rhodope Mountains | Rodopi (Родопи)  |
Sofia | Sofiya (София)  |
Southern Dobruja | Dobrudzha (Добруджа)  | Bulgarian half of former Dobruja region
Thrace | Trakiya (Тракия)  |

### Canada

[edit]

Numerous places in the predominantly French speaking province of Quebec have historically had English exonyms; in most cases, the exonym was a straight translation of the place's French name, with only one major city[which?] which ever had an English exonym that was entirely different from its original French name. With a few exceptions, such as Quebec City, these are no longer widely used. Exonyms are also commonly seen with regard to First Nations and Inuit peoples and communities; although government and media sources have evolved in recent years toward using these places' native endonyms, common usage may still favour the older exonyms.

Canada English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Arctic Red River | Tsiigehtchic | Gwich'in | Archaic
Big Trout Lake | Kitchenuhmaykoosib  | Oji-Cree |
Cambridge Bay | Iqaluktuuttiaq  | Inuinnaqtun |
Chesterfield Inlet | Igluligaarjuk (ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒑᕐᔪᒃ)  | Inuktitut |
Fort Franklin | Délįnę | Sahtu | Archaic
Fort Hope | Eabametoong | Ojibwe |
Fort Norman | Tulita | Sahtu | Archaic
Fraserville | Rivière-du-Loup | French
Frobisher Bay | Iqaluit (ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ)  | Inuktitut
Gjoa Haven | Uqsuqtuuq (ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᖅ)  |
Holman | Ulukhaktok | Inuinnaqtun | Archaic
Harrington Lake | Lac Mousseau  | French |
Iroquois River | Rivière Richelieu | Archaic
Island of Orleans | Île d'Orléans |
Lansdowne House | Neskantaga | Oji-Cree |
Mount Royal | Mont-Royal  | French |
Quebec City | Québec  |
Queen Charlotte Island | Haida Gwaii | Haida | Archaic
Rankin Inlet | Kangiqliniq (ᑲᖏᕿᓂᖅ)  | Inuktitut |
Saint Andrew | Saint-André-d'Argenteuil | French | Archaic
Saint John | Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Summer Beaver | Nibinamik (ᓃᐱᓇᒥᐦᐠ)  | Ojibwe |
The River Ouse | La Rivière Grand | French | Archaic
Kenhionhata:tie  | Mohawk |
Three Rivers | Trois-Rivières | French | Archaic
Two Mountains | Deux-Montagnes
Whale Cove | Tikiraqjuaq (ᑎᑭᕋᕐᔪᐊᖅ)  | Inuktitut |

### Cambodia

[edit]

During the Khmer Rogue period (1975–1979), the country was known in English as Democratic Kampuchea, closer to the endonym than its modern English exonym. The English exonym of Cambodia is based on the French exonym, Cambodge. The endonym is sometimes used in English, but the exonym is far more common.

Cambodia Kampuchea (កម្ពុជា)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Mekong River | Tonle Mekongk (ទន្លេមេគង្គ)  | Khmer |
Phnom Penh | Phnum Pénh (ភ្នំពេញគ)  |
Sihanoukville | Krong Preah Sihanouk (ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ)  |
Kampong Som (កំពង់សោម)  |

### Central African Republic

[edit]

Central African Republic Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka / République centrafricaine  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Bangi  | Bangî  | Sango | Bangi is occasionally used in English
Bangui | French

### Chile

[edit]

Chile English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Easter Island | Isla de Pascua  | Spanish |
Rapa Nui  | Rapa Nui |
Fireland[8] | Tierra del Fuego | Spanish | Obsolete

### China

[edit]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

Some of the apparent "exonyms" for China are the result of change in romanization of Chinese to modern pinyin, for example "Tientsin" to "Tianjin". Other apparent exonyms are the result of the English name being based on one of the other varieties of Chinese besides Mandarin. Additionally, certain names which may now be considered exonyms actually preserve older Mandarin pronunciations which have changed in the intervening centuries.[9][10] For all areas in mainland China, names written in Chinese are written in simplified characters. For all areas in the special administrative regions (SARs), the names will be written in traditional characters.

See also: Pinyin and Chinese postal romanization

China Zhōngguó (中国)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Amoy | Amoy  | Min Nan[11] | Archaic
Xiàmén (厦门)  | Mandarin
Ē-mn̂g  | Amoy
Ē-mûi
Canton | Guǎngzhōu (广州)  | Mandarin | Archaic
Gwong2 Zau1  | Cantonese
Changbai Mountain | Chángbáishān (长白山)  | Mandarin |
Paektusan (백두산)  | Korean |
Chengchow | Zhèngzhōu (郑州)  | Mandarin | Archaic, change in romanization
Chengtu | Chéngdū (成都)
Chungking | Chóngqìng (重庆)
Foochow | Fúzhōu (福州)
Forbidden City | Gùgōng (故宫), Zǐjìnchéng (紫禁城)  | Means "Ancient Palace" and "Purple Forbidden City" respectively
Fukien | Fújiàn (福建)  | Archaic, change in romanization
Gobi Desert | Gēbì Shāmò (戈壁沙漠)  |
Govi (ᠭᠣᠪᠢ)  | Mongolian |
Hangchow | Hángzhōu (杭州)  | Mandarin | Archaic, change in romanization
Heilungkiang | Hēilóngjiāng (黑龙江)
Khejluntszyan (Хэйлунцзян)  | Russian
Hohhot | Kökeqota (ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ)  | Mongolian |
Hūhéhàotè (呼和浩特) / Hūshì (呼市)  | Mandarin |
Hokkien | Fújiàn (福建)  | Hokkien | Archaic, but survives in English name of the language
Hong Kong | Hoeng1 Gong2 (香港)  | Cantonese |
Xiānggǎng  | Mandarin
Inner Mongolia | Öbür mongɣul (ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ)  | Mongolian |
Nèi Měnggǔ (内蒙古)  | Mandarin |
Kalgan | Kalgan(ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ)  | Mongolian |
Zhāngjiākǒu (张家口) / Kālāgàn (喀拉干)  | Mandarin | Archaic
Kwangchow | Gwong2 Zau1  | Cantonese |
Guǎngzhōu (广州)  | Mandarin | Archaic, change in romanization
Kweilin | Gveilinz  | Zhuang |
Guìlín (桂林)  | Mandarin | Archaic, change in romanization
Lop Nor/Lop Nur | Luóbùpō (罗布泊)  | Mandarin |
Lob Nughur (ᠯᠣᠪ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ)  | Mongolian script
Lop Nur (لوپنۇر)  | Uyghur
Macau | Ou3 mun2 (澳門)  | Cantonese |
Àomén (澳门)  | Mandarin
Macau  | Portuguese |
Mekong River | Méigōnghé (湄公河)  |  |
Mount Everest | Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng

(珠穆朗玛峰)

|  |
Chomolungma (ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ)  | Tibetan |
Mukden | Mukden  | Manchu[12] | Archaic
Shěnyáng (沈阳)  | Mandarin
Nanking | Nánjīng (南京)  | Archaic, change in romanization
Paotou | Bāotóu (包头)  | Obsolete English spelling
Buɣutu qota (ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ)  | Mongolian
Peking | Běijīng (北京)  | Mandarin | Archaic, change in romanization
Port Arthur | Dàlián (大连)  | Archaic
Santow | Shàntóu (汕头)
Shaanxi | Shǎnxī (陕西)  | Name spelled using Guoyeu Romatzyh romanization, as the name would be the same as Shanxi using pinyin without tones.
Sian | Xī'ān (西安)  | Archaic, change in romanization
Sinkiang | Xīnjiāng (新疆)
Soochow | Sūzhōu (苏州)
Swatow | Shàntóu (汕头)  |
Suan1tao5 (汕头)  | Teochew | English orthography close to Teochew pronunciation (Teochew 'n' sound is nasal)
Szechuan | Sìchuān (四川)  | Mandarin | Archaic, change in romanization
Tibet | Bod (བོད)  | Tibetan |
Xīzàng (西藏)  | Mandarin |
Tsingtao | Qīngdǎo (青岛)  | Archaic, change in romanization
Yangtze River  | Cháng jiāng (長江／长江)  | Based on the archaic name Yángzǐ Jiāng (揚子江／扬子江)
Yellow River  | Huáng Hé (黃河) |
Yenchi

Yenki

| Yánjí (延吉)  | Archaic, change in romanization
Yenji (옌지), Yŏn'gil (연길)  | Korean |

### Croatia

[edit]

Croatia Hrvatska  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Danube | Dunav  | Croatian |
Dalmatia | Dalmacija  |
Istria | Istra  |
Ragusa | Dubrovnik | Historical exonym
Zara | Zadar

### Cuba

[edit]

Cuba English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Bay of Pigs | Bahía de Cochinos  | Spanish | Cochino is one of several Spanish words used to define "pig"
Havana | (La) Habana  |

### Cyprus

[edit]

Cyprus Kýpros/ Kıbrıs  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Place  | Language
Famagusta | Ammokhóstos (Αμμόχωστος)  | Greek |
Gazimaǧusa  | Turkish |
Kyrenia | Girne  |
Kerýneia (Κερύνεια)  | Greek |
Limassol | Lemesós (Λεμεσός)  |
Limasol  | Turkish |
Nicosia | Lefkoşa  |
Lefkosía (Λευκωσία)  | Greek |

### Czech Republic

[edit]

Historically, English-language sources used German names for many places in what is now the Czech Republic. With some exceptions (such as the Elbe and Oder rivers, both of which flow into Germany) this is no longer done by most sources.[13]

Czech Republic Česká republika  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Beskids | Beskydy  | Czech |
Bohemia | Čechy  | Latin name
Bohemian Forest | Šumava  |
Bohemian Karst  | Český kras  |
Bohemian Paradise | Český ráj  |
Bohemian Switzerland | České Švýcarsko  |
Budweis | České Budějovice | Archaic, German name
Carlsbad | Karlovy Vary
Elbe river  | Labe  | German name
Fichtel Mountains | Smrčiny
Franzensbad | Františkovy Lázně | Archaic, German name
Giant Mountains | Krkonoše  |
Hanakia | Haná | Archaic
Lachia  | Lašsko  |
Marienbad | Mariánské Lázně | Archaic, German name
Moravia | Morava  | Latin name
Moravian Slovakia | Slovácko  |
Moravian Wallachia | Valašsko  |
Oder river  | Odra  | German name
Ore Mountains | Krušné hory  |
Pilsen | Plzeň | Archaic, German name
Prague | Praha  | French name
Silesia | Slezsko  |
Ślōnsk  | Silesian |
Sudetes, Sudeten, Sudeten Mountains  | Krkonošsko-jesenická subprovincie, Sudety  | Czech |
Sudetenland | Sudety  |
Upper Palatine Forest | Český les  |

### Denmark

[edit]

Denmark Danmark  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Copenhagen | København  | Danish |
Elsinore | Helsingør | Dated
Funen | Fyn  |
Jutland | Jylland  |
Sleswick | Schleswig | Low German |
Slesvig  | Danish |
The Scaw | Skagen | Dated
Zealand | Sjælland  |

#### Faroe Islands

[edit]

Faroe Islands Føroyar  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Thor's Haven  | Tórshavn | Danish | Dated

#### Greenland

[edit]

Several places were known under Danish names, or a variant of them. Now only the local Greenlandic is used.

Greenland Kalaallit Nunaat  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Frederikdshab | Paamiut | Greenlandic | Obsolete
Godthab | Nuuk
Jacobshaven | Ilulissat
Sondre Stromfjord | Kangerlussuaq
Sondrestrom
Thule | Qaanaaq

### Egypt

[edit]

Egypt Miṣr (مصر)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Alexandria | Al-Iskandariyya (الإسكندرية)  | Egyptian Arabic |
Alexandria (ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ)  | Coptic |
Eskendereyya (اسكندرية)  | Egyptian Arabic |
Rakote (ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ )  | Coptic |
Cairo | Al-Qāhirah (القاهرة)  | Standard Arabic |
Maṣr (مَصر)  | Egyptian Arabic |
Giza | Al-Jīzah (الجيزة)  | Standard Arabic |
El-Gīzeh (الجيزة)  | Egyptian Arabic |
Luxor | Al-Uqṣur (الاقصر)  | Standard Arabic |
Babe (ⲡⲁⲡⲉ)  | Coptic |
Loqṣor (الأقصر)  | Egyptian Arabic |
Memphis | Manf (مَنْف)  | Standard Arabic |
Memfi (ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ)  | Coptic |
Nile | An-Nīl (النيل)  | Standard Arabic |
En-Nīl (النيل)  | Egyptian Arabic |
Nilus  | Latin |
Port Said | Bur Sa'īd (بور سعيد)  | Standard Arabic |
Bor Sa'īd (بور سعيد)  | Egyptian Arabic |
Suez | As-Suways (السويس)  | Standard Arabic |

The English name of Egypt derives from the French name, Egypte, which is derived from the Greek name, Aigyptos (Αίγυπτος).[14]

### Estonia

[edit]

Estonia Eesti  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Lake Peipus | Peipsi järv  | Estonian |
Reval  | Tallinn | Obsolete

### Finland

[edit]

Finland Suomi  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Karelia[15] | Karjala  | Finnish | From Latin
Lapland[15] | Lappi  | From Swedish Lappland
Ostrobothnia[15] | Pohjanmaa  | From Latin, compare Swedish Österbotten
Savonia | Savo  | From Latin
Tavastia[15] | Häme

### France

[edit]

France English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Bay of Biscay | Golfe de Gascogne  | French |
Bethwyn | Béthune | Archaic
Brittany | Breizh  | Breton |
Bretagne  | French |
Burgundy | Bourgogne  |
Camerick | Cambrai | Obsolete
Corsica | Corse |
Corsica  | Corsican |
Cressy | Crécy-en-Ponthieu  | French |
Dauphiny | Dalfinat  | Occitan |
Darfenât  | Arpitan |
Dauphiné | French | Archaic
Dunkirk | Dunkerque  |
English Channel | La Manche  |
Flanders | Flandre  |
French Riviera | Côte d'Azur  |
Gascony | Gascogne  |
Gasconha  | Gascon |
Lyons | Liyon  | Arpitan |
Lyon | French | Archaic
Marseilles | Marseille
Marselha  | Occitan |
Normandy | Normandie  | French |
Normaundie  | Norman |
Picardy | Picardie  | French |
Rheims | Reims | Archaic
Rhine River  | Rhin  |
Rone | Rouen | Obsolete
Savoy | Savoie  |
Savouè  | Arpitan |
Ushant | Eusa  | Breton |
Ouessant  | French |

### Georgia

[edit]

Georgia Sakartvelo (საქართველო)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Caucasus | Kavkasioni (კავკასიონი)  | Georgian |
Tiflis | Tbilisi (თბილისი)  | Obsolete

### Germany

[edit]

See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms and Names of Germany

This list does not include German place names with ß written with "ss" or umlauts being removed in some writing.

Germany Deutschland  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name[5][6] | Language
Aix-la-Chapelle | Aachen | Standard German | Archaic
Oche  | Ripuarian |
Baltic Sea | Ostsee  | Standard German |
Bavaria | Bayern  |
Bay of Lübeck | Lübecker Bucht  | German name means "Lübeck Bight"
Bay of Mecklenburg | Mecklenburger Bucht  | German name means "Mecklenburg Bight"
Bay of Meldorf | Meldorfer Bucht  | German name means "Meldorf Bight"
Bay of Pomerania | Pommersche Bucht  | German name means "Pomeranian Bight"
Bay of Wismar | Wismarer Bucht  | German name means "Wismar Bight"
Black Forest | Schwarzwald  |
Brunswick | Braunschweig | Archaic
Brunswiek  | Low Saxon |
Cleves | Kleve | Standard German | Archaic
Coblence | Koblenz
Coblenz | Dated
Cologne | Kölle  | Ripuarian |
Köln  | Standard German |
Constance | Konstanz | Dated
Danube river  | Donau  |
Eastphalia | Oostfalen  | Low Saxon |
Ostfalen  | Standard German |
Egge Hills | Eggegebirge  | German name means "Egge Mountains"
Franconia | Franken  |
Frankn  | Austro-Bavarian |
Franconian Jura | Frankenalb  | Standard German | Frankenjura also used in German
Frankfort | Frangford (am Maa)  | Hessian | Archaic
Frankfurt (am Main) | Standard German
Hamelin | Hameln  |
Hanover | Hannober  | Low Saxon |
Hannover  | Standard German |
Haßberge Hills | Haßberge  |
Heligoland | deät Lun  | Heligolandic North Frisian |
Hälilönj  | Bökingharde North Frisian |
Helgoland  | Standard German |
Hesse | Hessen  |
Hessia |
Hither Pomerania | Vorpommern  |
Hohwacht Bay | Hohwachter Bucht  |
Jade Bight | Jadebusen  |
Kaufungen Forest | Kaufunger Wald  |
Kiel Canal | Nordostseekanal  |
Knüll | Knüllgebirge  | German name also used in English
Lake Constance | Bodensee  |
Lower Bavarian Upland | Niederbayerisches Hügelland  |
Lusatia | Lausitz  |
Łužica  | Upper Sorbian |
Łužyca  | Lower Sorbian |
Malborow | Marburg | Standard German | Archaic
Mayence | Mainz
Mentz | Archaic, British English
Moselle river  | Mosel  |
Musel  | Moselle Franconian |
Munich | Minga  | Austro-Bavarian |
München  | Standard German |
Nuremberg | Narrnberch  | East Franconian |
Nürnberg  | Standard German |
Ore Mountains | Erzgebirge  |
Palatinate | Palz  |
Pfalz  |
Pomerania | Pommern  |
Prussia | Preußen  |
Ratisbon | Regensburg | Archaic
Rengschburch  | Austro-Bavarian |
Rhenish Massif | Rheinisches Schiefergebirge  | Standard German |
Rhine river  | Rhein  |
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha  | English now uses translation Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Saxony | Sachsen  |
Sassen  | Low Saxon |
Swabia | Schwaben  | Standard German |
Szczecin Lagoon | Stettiner Haff  |
Thuringia | Thüringen  |
Tréier  | Moselle Franconian |
Treves | Trier | Standard German | Archaic, French name
Western Pomerania | Vorpommern  |
Westphalia | Westfalen  | Low Saxon |
Standard German |

### Greece

[edit]

The exonym for Greece in English comes from Magna Graecia, which was a historical region in Italy colonized by the Greeks. The endonym Ellás comes from Hellen, the mythological ancestor of the Greeks.

Greece Elládha/ Ellás (Ελλάδα/ Ἑλλάς)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Attica | Attikí (Αττική)  | Greek |
Athens | Athína (Αθήνα)  |
Boetia | Voiotía (Βοιωτία)  |
Corfu | Kérkyra (Κέρκυρα)  |
Corinth | Kórinthos (Κόρινθος)  |
Crete | Kríti (Κρήτη)  |
Cyclades | Kykládhes (Κυκλάδες)  |
Dodecanese | Dhodhekánisa (Δωδεκάνησα)  |
Epirus | Ipeiros (Ήπειρος)  |
Euboea | Evvoia (Εύβοια)  |
Heraklion | Irákleio (Ηράκλειο)  |
Icaria | Ikaría (Ικαρία)  |
Ithaca | Itháki (Ιθάκη)  |
Lepanto | Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος)  | Archaic
Macedonia | Makedonía (Μακεδονία)  |
Mediterranean Sea | Mesógeios thálassa (Μεσόγειος θάλασσα)  |
Missolonghi | Mesológi (Μεσολόγγι)  |
Naupactus | Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος)  | Greek name also used in English
Navarino | Pýlos (Πύλος)  | Archaic
Patras | Pátra (Πάτρα)  |
Peloponnese | Pelopónnisos (Πελοπόννησος)  |
Philippi | Fílippoi (Φίλιπποι)  |
Piraeus | Peiraiás (Πειραιάς)  |
Rhodes | Ródhos (Ρόδος)  |
Rhodope Mountains | Rodhópi (Ροδόπη)  |
Salonica | Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)  | Archaic
Samothrace | Samothráki (Σαμοθράκη)  |
Sparta | Spárti (Σπάρτη)  |
Thebes | Thíva (Θήβα)  |
Thessalonica | Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)  | Greek name also used in English
Thessaly | Thessalía (Θεσσαλία)  |
Thrace | Thráki (Θράκη)  |
Zante | Zákynthos (Ζάκυνθος)  | Archaic

### Haiti

[edit]

Haiti Haïti / Ayiti  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Labadee | Labadie | French |

### Hungary

[edit]

Hungary Magyarország  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Budapest | Budapest | Hungarian |
Carpathian Mountains | Kárpátok |
Comorn | Komárom | Dated
Danube River  | Duna |
Pesth  | Pest | Archaic

### Iceland

[edit]

Iceland Ísland  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Blue Lagoon | Bláa lónið  | Icelandic |
Westman Islands | Vestmannaeyjar | Dated, translation

### India

[edit]

See also: List of renamed Indian public places

India Bhārat (भारत) English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Allahabad | Prayagraj (प्रयागराज)  | Hindi | Officially amended to Prayagraj but still in use in popular culture.
Allepey | Alappuzha (ആലപ്പുഴ)  | Malayalam | Dated
Bangalore | Bengaluru (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು)  | Kannada |
Benares | Varanasi (वाराणसी)  | Hindi | Dated
Bombay | Mumbai (मुंबई)  | Marathi
Calcutta | Kolkata (কলকাতা)  | Bengali
Cawnpore | Kanpur (कानपुर)  | Hindi | Obsolete
Cochin | Kochi (കൊച്ചി)  | Malayalam |
Delhi | Dilli (दिल्ली)  | Hindi |
Ganges River | Ganga (गंगा)  |
Indus River | Sindhū (सिन्धु)  | Sanskrit |
Jaypore | Jaipur (जयपुर)  | Hindi | Obsolete
Laccadive Islands | Lakshadweep (ലക്ഷദ്വീപ്)  | Malayalam
Madras | Chennai (சென்னை)  | Tamil | Dated
Palghat | Palakkad (പാലക്കാട്)  | Malayalam | Obsolete
Pondicherry | Puducherry (புதுச்சேரி)  | Tamil | Dated
Poona | Pune (पुणे)  | Marathi
Simla | Shimla (शिमला)  | Hindi | Obsolete
Trivandrum | Thiruvananthapuram (തിരുവനന്തപുരം)  | Malayalam |

### Indonesia

[edit]

Indonesia English name  | Endonym  | Note

|
|

Name  | Language
Bencoolen | Bengkulu | Indonesian | Historical
Billiton | Belitung | Obsolete
Borneo | Kalimantan | These exonyms are also unofficially used in Indonesia.
Celebes | Sulawesi
Ceram | Seram |
Java | Jawa  |
Lesser Sunda Islands
(Nusa Tenggara Islands)  | Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara  |
Kepulauan Sunda Kecil | Historical
Moluccas | Kepulauan Maluku |
New Guinea
(Papua)  | Papua  |
Irian Jaya | Historical
Nugini | Fossil word, only in compounds.
Savu | Sawu  | One of few alternative names for the island. Sabu is officially only used for Sabu Raijua Regency.
Sabu
Thousand Islands | Kepulauan Seribu  |

### Iran

[edit]

Iran Irān (اݐران)  English name  | Endonym  | Note

|
|

Name  | Language
Bushire | Bushehr (بوشهر)  | Persian | Obsolete
Caspian Sea | Darya-ye Khazar (Khazar Sea)  |
Isfahan | Ešfahān (اصفهان)  |
Meshed | Mashhad (مشهد)  | Obsolete
Teheran | Tehran (تهران)  | Obsolete

### Iraq

[edit]

Iraq Al-Irāq (العراق)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Ctesiphon | Ṭaysafūn (طيسفون) or Qaṭaysfūn (قطيسفون)  | Standard Arabic |
Duhok | Dahūk (دهوك)  |
Dihok (دهۆک)  | Kurdish |
Beth Nohadra (ܒܝܬ ܢܘܗܕܪܐ)  | Syriac |
Euphrates River  | Al-Furāt (الفرات)  | Standard Arabic |
Firat  | Kurdish |
Pǝrāth (ܦܪܬ)  | Syriac |
Mosul | Al-Mawṣil (الموصل)  | Standard Arabic |
Māwṣil (ܡܘܨܠ)  | Syriac |
Mosil (مووسڵ)  | Kurdish |
Tigris River  | Deqlath (ܕܹܩܠܵܬ)  | Syriac |
Dîcle (دیجلە)  | Kurdish |
Dijla (دجله)  | Standard Arabic |

### Ireland

[edit]

Main article: Place names in Ireland

The vast majority of placenames in Ireland are anglicisations, or phonetic renderings, of Irish language names. The exceptions to this are listed here:

Ireland Éire  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Arklow | an tInbhear Mór  | Irish |
Carlingford | Cairlinn  |
Connaught | Connacht | Dated
Dalkey | Deilginis  |
Dursey | Baoi Bhéarra, Oileán Baoi  |
Dublin | Baile Átha Cliath  |
Fastnet | Carraig Aonair  |
Haulbowline | Inis Sionnach  |
Howth | Binn Éadair  |
Killarney | Cill Airne  |
Lambay | Reachrainn  |
Leinster | Laighin  |
Leixlip | Léim an Bhrádain  |
Meath | Mí  |
Munster | Mumhan  |
Oxmantown | Baile Lochlannach  |
Saltee | Na Sailtí  |
Selskar | Seilsceir  |
Skerries | Na Sceirí  |
Strangford | Loch Cuan  |
Ulster | Ulaidh  |
Waterford | Port Láirge  |
Wexford | Loch Garman  |
Wicklow | Cill Mhantáin  |

### Israel

[edit]

The below listing is only a summary. Modern Israeli transcription systems (romanization of Hebrew) vary from the spellings of many hundreds of place names of Ancient Israel adopted by Bible translations - both Christian, such as the King James Version (1611) and also Jewish versions such as the JPS (1917).[16]

Israel Yisrael (ישראל)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language  |
Acre | Ako (עכו)  | Modern Hebrew | Greek name
Beersheba | Beer Sheva' (באר שבע)  |
Capernaum | Kfar Nachum (כפר נחום)  | Latin name
Dead Sea | Āl-Baḥrū l-Maytū (اَلْبَحْرُ الْمَيْتُ)  | Standard Arabic |
Yam hamMelaḥ (ים המלח)  | Modern Hebrew |
Galilee | haGalil (הגליל)  |
Jaffa | Yafo (יפו)  |
Joppa | Greek name, dated
Jordan River | Nahr al-Urdun (نهر الأردن)  | Standard Arabic |
Nahar haYarden (נהר הירדן)  | Modern Hebrew |
Jerusalem | Ūršalīm (أُورُشَلِيمَ)  | Standard Arabic |
Yerushalayim (ירושלים)  | Modern Hebrew | Latin name
Nazareth | Natzrat (נצרת)  | Greek name
Sea of Galilee | Imat Tbria (بحيرة طبريا)  | Standard Arabic |
Yamat haKineret (ימת הכינרת)  | Modern Hebrew |
Safed | Tzfat (צפת)  | Arabic name
Tiberias | Tverya (טבריה)  | Greek name

### Italy

[edit]

Italy Italia  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Apulia | Puglia | Standard Italian |
Pùglia | Neapolitan |
Aventine Hill | Aventino | Standard Italian |
Caelian Hill | Celio |
Capitoline Hill | Campidoglio |
Florence | Firenze | French name
Genoa | Genova |
Zêna | Ligurian |
Herculaneum | Ercolano | Standard Italian | English uses different names for the ancient and modern places
Janiculum | Gianicolo | Latin name
Latium | Lazio | English uses different names for the ancient and modern places
Leghorn | Livorno | Obsolete
Lombardy | Lombardéa | Lombard | French name
Lombardia | Standard Italian
Mantua | Mantua | Lombard |
Mantova | Standard Italian |
Milan | Milan | Lombard |
Milano | Standard Italian |
Montferrat | Monferrato | French name
Monfrà | Piedmontese
Naples | Napoli | Standard Italian
Napule | Neapolitan
Padua | Padova | Standard Italian |
Pàdova | Venetian |
Piedmont | Piemont | Piedmontese |
Piemonte | Standard Italian |
Phlegraean Fields | Campi Flegrei |
Pompeii | Pompei | Latin name
Pontine Marshes | Agro Pontino |
Rome | Roma | French name
Rubicon River  | Rubicone |
Sardinia | Sardegna |
Sicily | Sicilia |
Sicilian |
Sienna | Siena | Standard Italian | Obsolete
Syracuse | Sarasusa | Sicilian |
Siracusa | Standard Italian |
The Marches | Marche | Obsolete
Tiber | Tevere | Latin name
Tuscany | Toscana |
Turin | Torino |
Turin | Piedmontese |
Trent | Trento | Standard Italian | Dated
Trent | Ladin and Lombard
Tyrol | Tirolo | Standard Italian |
Venice | Venesia | Venetian | French name
Venezia | Standard Italian
Vesuvius | Vesuvio | Neapolitan | Latin name
Standard Italian

Many English exonyms were derived from the French variations, such as Rome and Venice.

### Japan

[edit]

Japan Nihon, Nippon (日本)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Bonin Islands | Ogasawara Guntou (小笠原群島)  | Japanese |
Iwo Jima | Iou-tou (硫黄島)  | Alternative reading of endonym
Liancourt Rocks | Takeshima (竹島)  |
Ryūkyū Islands | Nansei-shotou (南西諸島)  |
Volcano Islands | Kazan Rettou (火山列島)  |

The English name for Japan derives from the Portuguese name for the country, Japão, which was based on a Chinese transcription of Japan's endonym, Nippon or Nihon (日本).[17]

### Laos

[edit]

Laos Lāo (ລາວ)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Louangphabang | Luang Prabang (ຫລວງພະບາງ)  | Lao | Also spelled Luangphabang
Mekong River | Maenam Khong (ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ)  |
Savannakhet | Kaysone Phomvihane (ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ)  |
Viangchan[18] | Wīang chan (ວຽງຈັນ)  |
Vientiane | from French
Wiangchan[19] |

An older variant of the country's name in English uses the definite article, the Laos, which is now obsolete.

### Latvia

[edit]

Latvia Latvija  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Courland | Kurzeme  | Latvian |
Lettgallia | Latgale | Dated
Semigallia | Zemgale

### Lebanon

[edit]

Lebanon Lubnān (لبنان)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Sidon | Ṣaydā (صيدا)  | Standard Arabic |
Tyre | Ṣūr (صور)  |
Tripoli | Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)  |

### Libya

[edit]

Libya Libiyā (ليبيا)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Cyrenaica | Barqah (برقة)  | Standard Arabic |
Fezzan | Fezzan (ⴼⵣⵣⴰⵏ)  | Berber |
Fizzān (فزان)  | Standard Arabic |
Misrata | Miṣrātah (مصراتة)  |
Sirte | Sirt (سرت)  |
Tripoli | Ṭrables  | Berber |
Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)  | Standard Arabic |
Ṭrābləs (طرابلس)  | Maghrebi Arabic |
Tripolitania | Ṭrables  | Berber |
Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)  | Standard Arabic |
Ṭrābləs (طرابلس)  | Maghrebi Arabic |

### Lithuania

[edit]

Lithuania Lietuva  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Neman river  | Nemunas  | Lithuanian |
Nieman river | Dated
Samogitia | Žemaitija  |
Sudovia | Sudūva  |
Yotvingia | Dainava  |
Vilna or Wilna  | Vilnius | Obsolete

### Malaysia

[edit]

Malaysia English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Malacca | Melaka  | Malay |
Penang Island | Pulau Pinang  |
Johore | Johor |

### Mexico

[edit]

Mexico México  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Kino Bay  | Hermosillo | Spanish |
Rocky Point | Puerto Peñasco | Dated

### Moldova

[edit]

Moldova English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Kishinev | Chișinău | Romanian | Obsolete

### Mongolia

[edit]

Mongolia Mongγol Ulus (Монгол Улc/ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Gobi Desert | Govi (Говь/ ᠭᠣᠪᠢ)  | Mongolian |
Ulan Bator | Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар/ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ)  | Obsolete

### Morocco

[edit]

Morocco Al-Magrib (المغرب)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Casablanca | Ad-Dār Al-Bayḍā' (الدار البيضاء)  | Standard Arabic |
Kaza (كازا)[20] | Moroccan Arabic | Informal name for the city
Anfa (ⴰⵏⴼⴰ)  | Berber |
Fez | Fās (ⴼⴰⵙ)  |
Fās (فاس)  | Standard Arabic |
Marrakesh | Murrākush (مراكش)  |
Tangier | Ṭanja (ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ)  | Berber |
Ṭanjah (طنجة)  | Standard Arabic |

The English name for the country derives from the city name Marrakesh.[21] The Arabic name for the country, al-Magrib (المغرب), is Arabic for "the west".

### Myanmar

[edit]

Myanmar Myanma (မြန်မာ)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Mekong River | Megaung Myit (မဲခေါင်မြစ်)  | Burmese |
Naypyidaw | Nay Pyi Taw (နေပြည်တော်)  |
Pagan | Bagan (ပုဂံ)  | Dated
Rangoon | Yangon (ရန်ကုန်မြို့)
Ummerapoora | Amarapura (အမရပူရ)

### Nepal

[edit]

Nepal Nepāl (नेपाल)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Mount Everest | Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा)  | Nepali |

### Netherlands

[edit]

Netherlands Nederland  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Brill | Brielle | Dutch | Obsolete
Dort | Dordrecht
Flushing | Vlissingen
Guelders | Gelderland | Dated
Hook of Holland | Hoek van Holland  |
Leyden | Leiden | Dated
Meuse river  | Maas  | French name
Rhine river  | Rijn  |
Ryswick | Rijswijk | Obsolete
The Hague | Den Haag  |

### Norway

[edit]

Norway Noreg, Norge  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Bear Island | Bjørnøya  | Norwegian | Translation
North Cape | Davvenjárgga  | Northern Sami
Nordkapp  | Norwegian
Slagen Valley | Slagndarn | Tunsbergian
Slagendalen | Norwegian
The Southland | Sørlandet

### North Korea

[edit]

The inhabitants of North Korea prefer the official name of the country, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK),[22] Chosŏn, or simply Korea.

North Korea Chosŏn (조선)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Diamond Mountain | Kŭmgang-san (금강산)  | Korean | English now uses rough transliteration Mount Kumgang
Paektu Mountain | Paektu-san (백두산)  |
Tumen River | Tuman-gang (두만강)  | Mandarin name, as the river borders China
Yalu River | Amnok-kang (압록강)

### Palestine

[edit]

Palestine Filasṭīn (فلسطين)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Bethany | Al-'Eizariya (العيزرية)  | Standard Arabic |
Bethlehem | Beyt Laḥm (بيت لحم)  | Levantine Arabic |
Bayta Laḥm (بيت لحم)  | Standard Arabic |
Dead Sea | al-Baḥr al-Mayt (اَلْبَحْر الْمَيْت)  | Levantine Arabic |
Gaza City | Ghazzah (غَزَّة)  | Standard Arabic |
Hebron | Al-Khalīl (الخليل)  |
Jericho | Arīḥā (أريحا)  |
Jerusalem | Al-Quds (القُدس)  | Latin name
Jordan River | Nahr al-Urdun (نهر الأردن)  |

### Philippines

[edit]

Philippines Pilipinas  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Caloocan | Kalookan  | Tagalog
Cebu | Sugbo  | Cebuano
Davao | Dabaw
Manila | Maynila  | Tagalog |

### Poland

[edit]

Poland Polska  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Auschwitz | Oświęcim | Polish | Dated, German name
Breslau | Wrocław
Carpathian Mountains | Karpaty  |
Cracow | Kraków |
Danzig | Gdańsk | Dated, German name
Galicia | Galicja  |
Giant Mountains | Karkonosze  |
Kashubia | Kaszëbë  | Kashubian |
Kaszuby  | Polish |
Kuyavia | Kujawy  |
Mazovia | Mazowsze  |
Mazuria | Mazury  |
Oder river  | Odra  |
Pomerania | Pomorze  |
Subcarpathia | Podkarpacie  |
Sudetes, Sudeten, Sudeten Mountains  | Sudety  |
Silesia | Śląsk  |
Ślōnsk  | Silesian |
Vistula river  | Wisła  | Polish |
Warsaw | Warszawa  |

### Portugal

[edit]

Portugal English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Azores | Açores  | Portuguese | Spanish name
Braganza | Bragança | Dated, Spanish name
Lisbon | Lisboa  |
Oporto | Porto | Obsolete
Tagus river  | Tejo  | Latin name

### Romania

[edit]

Romania România  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Bucharest | București  | Romanian |
Carpathian Mountains | Carpați  |
Danube River  | Dunărea  |
Jassy | Iași[23] | Obsolete
Northern Dobruja | Dobrogea, Dobrogea de Nord  | Romanian part of the region of Dobruja
Transylvania | Transilvania  |
Wallachia | Țara Românească, Valahia  |

### Russia

[edit]

Russia Rossiya (Россия)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Archangel | Arkhangelsk (Архангельск)  | Russian | Dated
Black Sea | Chernoye (Черное)  |
Caucasus | Kavkaz (Кавказ)  |
Caspian Sea | Kaspiyskoye more (Каспийское море)  |
Grozny | Sölƶa-Ġala (Соьлжа-ГӀала)  | Chechen |
Groznyy (Грозный)  | Russian |
Moscow | Moskva (Москва)  |
Orel | Oryol (Орёл)  | Obsolete
Pacific Ocean | Tikhiy okean (Тихий океан)  |
Plescow | Pskov (Псков)  | Obsolete
Saint Petersburg | Sankt-Peterburg (Санкт-Петербург)  |
Siberia | Sibir' (Сибирь)  |

### Saudi Arabia

[edit]

Saudi Arabia As-Sa'ūdīyah (السعودية)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Arabian Sea | Al-Baḥr al-'Arabī (البحر العربي)  | Standard Arabic |
Empty Quarter | Rub' al Khali (ٱلرُّبْع ٱلْخَالِي)  |
Gulf of Aden | Khalīj ʻAdan (خليج عدن)  |
Jeddah | Jiddah (جِدَّة)  |
Mecca | Makkah (مکة)  |
Medina | Al-Madīnah (المدينة)  |
Persian Gulf | Khalij-e fârs (خلیج فارس)  | Farsi |
Al-Khalīj al-'Arabī (اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ)  | Standard Arabic |
Red Sea | Al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar (البحر الأحمر)  |
Riyadh | Er-Riyāḍ (الرياض)  | Najdi Arabic |
Ar-Riyāḍ (الرياض)  | Standard Arabic |

### Serbia

[edit]

Serbia Srbija (Србија)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Balkan Mountains | Stara Planina (Стара Планина)  | Serbian |
Belgrade | Beograd (Београд)  | French name
Danube river  | Dunav (Дунав)  |

### Slovakia

[edit]

Slovakia Slovensko  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Carpathian Mountains | Karpaty  | Slovak |
Cassovia | Košice | Latin name
Danube river  | Dunaj  |
Gerlach Peak | Gerlachovský štít |
Maple Mountains | Javorníky  |
Slovak Ore Mountains | Slovenské rudohorie  |

### Slovenia

[edit]

Slovenia Slovenija  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Carinthia | Koroška  | Slovene |
Inner Carniola | Notranjska  |
Karawanks | Karavanke  |
Karst | Kras  |
Lower Carniola | Dolenjska  |
Slovene Littoral | Primorska  |
Styria | Štajerska  |
Upper Carniola | Gorenjska  |

### Somalia

[edit]

Somalia Soomaaliya  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Baidoa | Baydhabo  | Somali |
Chisimaio | Kismaayo | Obsolete
Mogadishu | Muqdisho  |
Villabruzzi | Jowhaar | Dated

### South Africa

[edit]

Many South African towns have multiple names due to the number of languages. Additionally, some places have been renamed from English and Afrikaans.

South Africa English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Aliwal North | Maletswai  | Sotho |
Cape Town | ǁHui!gaeb  | Khoekhoe |
Kaapstad  | Afrikaans |
iKapa  | Xhosa |
Fish Hoek | Vishoek  | Afrikaans |
Grahamstown | Grahamstad | Dated in Afrikaans and English
iRhini  | Xhosa |
Makhanda |
Queenstown | Komani  | Sotho |
Simon's Town | Simonstad  | Afrikaans |

### South Korea

[edit]

South Korea Hanguk (한국)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Liancourt Rocks | Dokdo (독도)  | Korean |
Port Hamilton | Geomundo (거문도)  |
Pusan | Busan (부산시)  | Dated
Quelpart | Jeju (제주도)  | Obsolete

### Spain

[edit]

English uses Spanish-language exonyms for some places in non-Spanish speaking regions of Spain.

Spain España  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Andalusia | Andalucía  | Spanish |
Basque Country | País Vasco  |
Euskadi  | Basque |
Biscay | Bizkaia  |
Vizcaya  | Spanish |
Castile | Castilla  |
Catalonia | Catalunya  | Catalan | Latin name
Corunna | A Coruña | Galician | Obsolete
Douro | Duero  | Spanish | Portuguese name
Majorca | Mallorca | Catalan | Dated
Minorca | Menorca
Navarre | Nafarroa  | Basque |
Pampeluna | Pamplona | Spanish | Dated
Saragossa | Zaragoza
Seville | Sevilla  |
Tagus | Tajo  | Latin name
Teneriffe | Tenerife | Obsolete, French name
The Groyne | A Coruña | Galician | Obsolete
Vittoria | Vitoria-Gasteiz | Compound of the Spanish and Basque names (often used separately)  | Dated
Vitorixe  | Basque form of Spanish name

### Sri Lanka

[edit]

Sri Lanka was known as Ceylon in English until 1972.

Sri Lanka Shri Lanka (ශ්‍රී ලංකා)/ Ilaṅkai (இலங்கை)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Adam's Peak | Civaṉoḷipātam (சிவனொளிபாதம்)

Civaṉaṭipātam (சிவனடிபாதம்)

| Tamil |
Śrī Pāda (ශ්‍රී පාද)  | Sinhala |
Batticaloa | Maṭṭakkaḷappu (மட்டக்களப்பு)  | Tamil |
Madakalapuwa (මඩකලපුව)  | Sinhala |
Chilaw | Cilāpam (சிலாபம்)  | Tamil |
Halawta (හලාවත)  | Sinhala |
Colombo | Kolamba (කොළඹ)  |
Koḻumpu (கொழும்பு)  | Tamil |
Delft | Neṭuntīvu (நெடுந்தீவு)  |
Ḍelfṭ (ඩෙල්ෆ්ට්)  | Sinhala |
Elephant Pass | Āṉaiyiṟavu (ஆனையிறவு)  | Tamil |
Alimankada (අලිමංකඩ)  | Sinhala |
Galle | Galla (ගාල්ල)  |
Kāli (காலி)  | Tamil |
Jaffna | Yāḻppāṇam (யாழ்ப்பாணம்)  |
Yāpanaya (යාපනය)  | Sinhala |
Kandy | Kaṇṭi (கண்டி)  | Tamil |
Mahanuwara (මහනුවර)  | Sinhala |
Kayts | Ūrkāvaṟtuṟai (ஊர்காவற்துறை)  | Tamil |
Kayiṭs (කයිට්ස්)  | Sinhala |
Mutwal | Modara (මෝදර)  |
Mukattuvāram (முகத்துவாரம்)  | Tamil |
Negombo | Meegumuwa (මීගමුව)  | Sinhala |
Nirkolompu (நீர்கொழும்பு)  | Tamil |
Point Pedro | Paruttittuṟai (பருத்தித்துறை)  |
Pēduru Tuḍuva (පේදුරු තුඩුව)  | Sinhala |
Pooneryn | Poonakary (பூநகரி)  | Tamil |
Pūneriya (පූනෙරිය)  | Sinhala |
Trincomalee | Tirukōṇamalai (திருகோணமலை)  | Tamil |
Thrikunamalaya (ත්‍රිකුණාමළය)  | Sinhala |

### Sudan

[edit]

Sudan As-Sūdān (السودان)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Khartoum | Al-Khurṭūm (الخَرطوم)  | Standard Arabic |
El-Khortūm (الخَرطوم)  | Sudanese Arabic |
Nile River  | An-Nīl (النيل)  | Standard Arabic |
En-Nīl (النيل)  | Sudanese Arabic |
Omdurman | Omm Dormān (أُم درمان)  |
Umm Durmān (أُم درمان)  | Standard Arabic |
Port Sudan | Burtusudan (بورتسودان)  |
Bar'uut  | Beja

### Sweden

[edit]

Sweden Sverige  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Dalecarlia | Dalarna  | Elfdalian | Latin name; Swedish name also used
Swedish
Gothenburg | Göteborg  |
North Bothnia | Norrbotten  | Swedish name also used
Scania | Skåne  | Latin name
The Dales | Dalarna  | Elfdalian | Obsolete; translation of Swedish name
Swedish
West Bothnia | Västerbotten  | Swedish | Swedish name also used in English

### Switzerland

[edit]

See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms

Historically, English-language sources borrowed French-language names for some places in German-speaking Switzerland. This is no longer done, and many sources now use German names for most Swiss German-speaking places.[24]

Switzerland Schweiz/ Suisse/ Svizzera/ Svizra English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Basle | Basel | Standard German | Obsolete
Berne | Bern
Geneva | Genève  | French |
Genf  | Standard German |
Lucerne | Luzern  |
Rhine River  | Rhein  |
Valais | Wallis  |

### Syria

[edit]

Syria Sūrīyah (سورية)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Aleppo | Ḥalab (حَلَب)  | Standard Arabic |
Levantine Arabic |
Damascus | Dimashq (دِمَشْق)  | Standard Arabic |
Dimash' (دِمَشْق)  | Levantine Arabic |
Euphrates River  | Al-Furat (الفرات)  | Standard Arabic |
Homs | Ḥimṣ (حِمْص)  |
Ḥumṣ (حُمْص)  | Levantine Arabic |
Palmyra | Tadmur (تَدْمُر)  | Standard Arabic |
Levantine Arabic |
Latakia | Al-Lādhiqīyah (اللاذقية)  | Standard Arabic |
El-Lādi'iyyeh (اللاذقية)  | Levantine Arabic |

### Thailand

[edit]

Thailand was known as Siam in English until the Siamese revolution of 1932.

Thailand Prathet Thai (ประเทศไทย)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Bangkok | Krung Thep (กรุงเทพ)  | Thai | Bangkok was the name of a village built on the west bank of the Chao Phraya river before it grew and became the new capital of Siam, after the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767.[25] The city is called Krung Thep among Thai citizens, but Bangkok among non-Thai citizens. The Thai government has attempted to change the official English name to Krung Thep, but the unofficial name of Bangkok remains in common use.
Junk Ceylon | Phuket (ภูเก็ต)  | Obsolete; a corruption of the Malay Tanjung Salang
Kanburi | Kanchanaburi (กาญจนบุรี)  | Obsolete
Mekong River  | Maenam Khong (แม่น้ำโขง)  |
Menam | Maenam Chao Praya (แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา)  | Obsolete
Odia | Ayutthaya (อยุธยา)
Singora | Songkhla (สงขลา)
Zimme | Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่)

### Taiwan

[edit]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

The main island of Taiwan is also known in English as Formosa. All Chinese names below are written in traditional characters. As mentioned above in the China section, many place names in Taiwan use either pinyin or Wade-Giles.

See also: Chinese language romanization in Taiwan

Taiwan (臺灣)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Pehoe | Phîⁿ-ô͘  | Hokkien |
Penghu (澎湖)  | Mandarin | Obsolete, from Min Nan name Phênô
Pescadores | Phîⁿ-ô͘  | Hokkien |
Penghu (澎湖)  | Mandarin | Dated, Portuguese name
Quemoy | Kimoi  | Hokkien |
Kinmen (金門)  | Mandarin | Possibly a Spanish or Portuguese transcription of the Zhengzhou Hokkien name for the city, Kim-mûi[26]

### Tunisia

[edit]

Tunisia Tūnis (تونس)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Gabès | Gābes (قابس)  | Maghrebi Arabic | Pronounced similar to English name
Qābis (قابس)  | Standard Arabic |
Sfax | Sifaks (ⵙⵉⴼⴰⴽⵙ)  | Berber |
Ṣfāqes (صفاقس)  | Maghrebi Arabic |
Ṣafaqus (صفاقس)  | Standard Arabic |
Sousse | Susa  | Berber |
Sūseh (سوسة)  | Maghrebi Arabic |
Sūsah (سوسة)  | Standard Arabic |

### Turkey

[edit]

Turkey Türkiye  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Adalia | Antalya | Turkish | Dated
Adrianople | Edirne
Alexandretta | İskenderun
Anemurium | Anamur
Antioch | Antakya
Bosphorus | Boǧaziçi  |
Byzantium | İstanbul | Obsolete
Caeserea | Kayseri | Dated
Cappadocia | Kapadokya  |
Claudiopolis | Mut | Dated
Constantinople | İstanbul
Dardanelles | Çanakkale Boǧazı  |
Edessa | (Sanlı)urfa | Dated
Ephesus | Efes
Euphrates River  | Fırat  |
Gallipoli | Gelibolu | Dated
Halicarnassus | Bodrum
Heraclea Pontica | Karadeniz Ereǧli
Iconium | Konya
Imbros | Gökçeada  | Greek name
Istanbul | İstanbul  | Some consider Istanbul to be an English exonym of İstanbul.[27]

Normally spelled without İ in English, even in sources which would otherwise use it.[28]

Kerasous | Giresun | Dated
Laranda | Karaman
Magnesia ad Sipylum | Manisa
Nicaea | Iznik
Nicomedia | Izmit
Pergamon | Bergama
Philadelphia | Alaşehir
Prusa | Bursa
Scutari | Üsküdar | Dated[29]
Seleucia | Silifke | Dated
Smyrna | İzmir
Tenedos | Bozcaada  | Greek name
Thrace | Trakya  |
Tigris River  | Dicle  |
Tralles | Aydın | Dated
Trebizond | Trabzon

In June 2022, the United Nations agreed to change the country's official name in English as Türkiye at the request of the Turkish government.[30] However, the majority of English speakers still refer to the country as Turkey in daily use.

### Ukraine

[edit]

Ukraine Ukrayina (Україна)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Black Sea | Chorne (Чорне)  | Ukrainian |
Carpathian Ruthenia | Karpatska Rus' (Карпатська Русь)  | Historic region
Carpathian Ukraine | Karpatska Ukrayina (Карпатська Україна)
Chernobyl | Chornobyl (Чорнобиль)  | Russian name
Crimea | Krym (Крим)  | Region claimed by Russia, but many nations do not recognize it as part of Russia[31]
Danube River  | Dunai (Дунай)  |
Galicia | Halychyna (Галичина)  | Historic region
Gorlovka | Horlivka (Горлівка)  | Archaic, Russian name
Kharkov | Kharkiv (Харків)
Kiev  | Kyiv (Київ)  | Russian name; though the Russian endonym Kiev prevailed after the Soviet Union ended in 1991, in the late 2010s media outlets and governments began using Kyiv at the request of the Ukrainian government.
Krivoy Rog | Kryvyi Rih (Кривиі Ріг)  | Archaic, Russian name
Podolia | Podillia (Поділля)  | Historic region  |
Subcarpathia | Pidkarpattia (Підкарпаття)
Subcarpathian Ruthenia, Subcarpathian Rus  | Pidkarpatska Rus' (Підкарпатська Русь)
Transcarpathia | Zakarpattia (Закарпаття)  |
Transcarpathian Ukraine | Zakarpatska Ukrayina (Закарпатська Україна)  |
Volhynia | Volyn' (Волинь)  | Historic region

### United Kingdom

[edit]

The places listed are where non-English local languages are mainly used or where the non-English names do not regularly correspond to the English one.

United Kingdom English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Aberdovey | Aberdyfi | Welsh | Dated
Abergavenny | Y Fenni  |
Achmore | An t-Acha Mòr  | Scottish Gaelic |
Aird of Sleat | Àird Shlèite  |
Alexandria | Magh Leamhna  |
Ammanford | Rhydaman  | Welsh |
Anglesey | Ynys Môn  |
Applecross | A'Chomraich  | Scottish Gaelic |
Ardvasar | Àird a Bhàsair  |
Arinagour | Àirigh na Gobhar  |
Bala Lake | Llyn Tegid  | Welsh |
Balivanich | Baile a Mhanaich  | Scottish Gaelic |
Ballygrant | Baile a Ghràna  |
Bardsey Island | Ynys Enlli  | Welsh |
Barmouth | Abermaw or
Y Bermo  |
Barra | Barraigh  | Scottish Gaelic |
Barvas | Barabhas  |
Bayble | Pabail  |
Bearsden | Cille Phàdraig Ùr  | Formerly Kilpatrick
Beauly | A'Mhanachainn  |
Beaumaris | Biwmaris  | Welsh |
Benbecula | Beinn na Fadhla  | Scottish Gaelic |
Bernisdale | Beàrnasdal  |
Bishopbriggs | Coille Dobhair  | Formerly Cadder
Bonvilston | Tresimwn  | Welsh |
Borrowstounness (Bo'ness)  | Ceann an Fhàil  | Scottish Gaelic | Formerly Kinneil
Bowmore | Bogh Mòr  |
Bracadale | Bracadal  |
Brecknockshire
nowadays usually Breconshire  | Brycheiniog  | Welsh |
Brecon | Aberhonddu  |
Brecon Beacons | Bannau Brycheiniog  |
Bridgend (Scotland) | Beul an Àtha  | Scottish Gaelic |
Bridgend (Wales) | Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr  | Welsh |
Breasclete | Breascleit  | Scottish Gaelic |
Broadford | An t-Àth Leathann  |
Buckley | Bwcle  | Welsh |
Builth Wells | Llanfair-ym-Muallt  |
Caerleon | Caerllion  |
Ca(e)rnavon | Caernarfon | Dated
Cairngorms | Am Monadh Ruadh  | Scottish Gaelic |
Cairnryan | Machair An Sgithich,
Cairn Rioghainne  |
Callinish | Calanais  |
Caldey Island | Ynys Bŷr  | Welsh |
Calgary | Calgarraidh  | Scottish Gaelic |
Camastianavaig | Camas Dìonabhaig  |
Campbeltown | Ceann Loch Chille Chiaran  |
Cardiff | Caerdydd  | Welsh |
Cardigan | Aberteifi  |
Carinish | Càirinis  | Scottish Gaelic |
Carloway | Càrlabhag  |
Carmarthen | Caerfyrddin  | Welsh |
Castlebay | Bàgh a Chaisteal  | Scottish Gaelic |
Cardiganshire | Ceredigion | Welsh | Dated
Chepstow | Cas-gwent  |
Chirk | Y Waun  |
Cleadale | Clèadail  | Scottish Gaelic |
Coll | Cola  |
Colonsay | Colbhasa  |
Conway | Conwy | Welsh | Dated
Cowbridge | Y Bont-faen  |
Craighouse | Taigh na Creige  | Scottish Gaelic |
Craignure | Craig an Iobhar  |
Daliburgh | Dalabrog  |
Denbigh | Dinbych  | Welsh |
Devil's Bridge | Pontarfynach  |
Dingwall | Inbhir Pheofharain  | Scottish Gaelic |
Dolgelley | Dolgellau | Welsh | Dated
Dufftown | Baile Bhainidh  | Scottish Gaelic |
Dunvegan | Dùn Bheagain  |
Ebbw Vale | Glyn Ebwy  | Welsh |
Edinbane | An t-Aodann Bàn  | Scottish Gaelic |
Eigg | Eige  |
Elgol | Ealaghol  |
Eriskay | Èirisgeigh  |
Fishguard | Abergwaun  | Welsh |
Flint | Y Fflint  |
Flowerdale  | Am Baile Mòr  | Scottish Gaelic |
Fort Augustus | Cille Chuimein  | Formerly Kilwhimin
Fort William | An Gearasdan  |
Fortrose | A' Chananaich  |
Glamorgan | Morgannwg  | Welsh |
Goodwick | Wdig  |
Gower Peninsula | Gŵyr  |
Great Orme | Y Gogarth  |
Harlosh | Hèarrlois  | Scottish Gaelic |
Harris | Na Hearadh  |
Haverfordwest | Hwlffordd  | Welsh |
Hawarden | Penarlâg  |
Hay-on-Wye | Y Gelli Gandryll
informally
Y Gelli  |
Holyhead | Caergybi  |
Holywell | Treffynnon  |
Holywood, Dumfriesshire  | Doire Chonaill  | Scottish Gaelic | Formerly Dercongal
Howmore | Tobha Mòr  |
Iona | Ì Chaluim Chille  |
Islay | Ìle  |
Isle of Lewis | Leodhas  |
Isle of Mull | Muile  |
Isle of Skye | Sgitheneach  |
Isleornsay | Eilean Iarmain  |
Jura | Diùra  |
Kincardineshire | A' Mhaorainn  | Sometimes called The Mearns
Knighton | Tref-y-clawdd  | Welsh |
Kyleakin | Caol Àcain  | Scottish Gaelic |
Kylerhea | Caol Reatha  |
Lampeter | Llanbedr Pont Steffan  | Welsh |
Laurencekirk | Coinmheadh  | Scottish Gaelic | Formerly Conveth
Laxdale | Lacadal  |
Leurbost | Liùrbost  |
Leverburgh | An t-Òbh  | Formerly Obbe
Linlithgow | Gleann Iucha  |
Llandovery | Llanymddyfri  | Welsh |
Llantwit Major | Llanilltud Fawr  |
Lochboisdale | Loch Baghasdail  | Scottish Gaelic |
Lochmaddy | Loch nam Madadh  |
Lochnagar | Beinn Chìochan  |
Menai Bridge | Porthaethwy  | Welsh |
Menai Strait | Afon Menai  | Welsh name means "River Menai"
Merionethshire | Meirionydd  |
Milford Haven | Aberdaugleddau  |
Milovaig | Miolabhaig  | Scottish Gaelic |
Mold | Yr Wyddgrug  | Welsh |
Monmouth | Trefynwy  |
Monmouthshire | Sir Fynwy  |
Montgomeryshire | Trefaldwyn  |
Mountain Ash | Aberpennar  |
Muck | Muc  | Scottish Gaelic |
Neath | Castell-nedd  | Welsh |
Newbridge | Trecelyn  |
Newport | Casnewydd  |
Newtonferry | Port nan Long  | Scottish Gaelic |
Newtown | Y Drenewydd  | Welsh |
Northop | Llaneurgain  |
Orsay | Orasaigh  | Scottish Gaelic |
Pembrokeshire | Penfro  | Welsh |
Pont Neath Vaughan | Pontneddfechan | Dated
Port Askaig | Port Asgaig  | Scottish Gaelic |
Port Charlotte | Port Sgioba  |
Port Dinorwic | Y Felinheli | Welsh | Dated
Port Ellen | Port Ìlain  | Scottish Gaelic |
Port of Ness | Port Nis  |
Portmadoc | Porthmadog | Welsh | Dated
Portnaguran | Port nan Giùran  | Scottish Gaelic |
Portnahaven | Port na-hAbhainn  |
Portree | Port Righ  |
Presteigne | Llanadras  | Welsh |
Puffin Island | Ynys Seiriol  |
Raasay | Ratharsair  | Scottish Gaelic |
Radnor; Radnorshire | Maesyfed; Sir Maesyfed  | Welsh |
Rhymney | Rhymni  |
River Forth | An Abhainn Dubh  | Scottish Gaelic |
River Severn | Hafren  | Welsh |
River Towy | Afon Tywi  |
River Usk | Afon Wysg  |
River Wye | Afon Gwy  |
Rodel | Roghadal  | Scottish Gaelic |
Rothesay | Baile Bhòid  |
Saint Asaph | Llanelwy  | Welsh |
Saint David's | Tyddewi  |
Saint Kilda | Hiort  | Scottish Gaelic | Main island called Hirta
Salen | An t-Sàilean  |
Scalpay | Sgalpaigh  |
Scarinish | Sgarainis  |
Scotland | Alba  |
Skigersta | Sgiogarstaigh  |
Snowdon | Yr Wyddfa  | Welsh |
Snowdonia | Eryri  |
Soay | Sòdhaigh  | Scottish Gaelic |
South Queensferry | Cas Chaolais  | Formerly Caschillis
Staffa | Stafa  |
Stein | Steinn  |
Stoneybridge | Staoinebrig  |
Stornoway | Steòrnabhagh  |
Swansea | Abertawe  | Welsh |
Tain | Baile Dubhthaich  | Scottish Gaelic |
Tarbert | Tairbeart  |
Tarskavaig | Tarsgabhaig  |
Tenby | Dynbich-y-pysgod  | Welsh |
The Cobbler | Beinn Artair  | Scottish Gaelic | Also called Ben Arthur
Tigharry | Taigh a'Gherraidh  |
Tintern | Dindyrn  | Welsh |
Tiree | Tiriodh  | Scottish Gaelic |
Tobermory | Tobar Mhoire  |
Torrin | Na Torrain  |
Troon | An Truthail  |
Towyn | Tywyn | Welsh | Dated
Uist | Uibhist  | Scottish Gaelic |
Ulva | Ulbha  |
Usk | Brynbuga  | Welsh |
Vale of Glamorgan | Bro Morgannwg  |
Vatersay | Bhatarsaigh  | Scottish Gaelic |
Wishaw | Camasneachdain  |
Wales | Cymru  | Welsh |
Welshpool | Y Trallwng  |
Whitland | Hendy-gwyn  |
Wrexham | Wrecsam  |

### United States

[edit]

Several places in the United States have additional names in various Native languages.

United States English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Allegheny River | Ohi:'i:o  | Seneca |
Mount McKinley | Denali  | Koyukon | See Denali-Mount McKinley naming dispute
Mount Rainier | Tacoma  | Salish |
Red House | Joë'hesta  | Seneca |

### Vietnam

[edit]

All cities and towns are often spelled without diacritics and/or as a single word without spaces. Such names are not listed here.

Vietnam Việt Nam  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Annamite Range | Dãy Trường Sơn  | Vietnamese |
Black River | Sông Đà  |
Faifo[32] | Hội An | Obsolete
Fansipan | Phan Xi Păng  |
Ha Long Bay | Vịnh Hạ Long  |
Ho Chi Minh City | Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh  |
Marble Mountains | Ngũ Hành Sơn  | Vietnamese name means "Five Elements Mountains"
Mekong River  | Sông Mê Kông / Sông Cửu Long  |
Perfume River | Sông Hương  | Vietnamese name means "Fragrant River"
Red River | Sông Hồng  |
West Lake | Hồ Tây  |

### Yemen

[edit]

Yemen al-Yaman (ٱلْيَمَنْ)  English name  | Endonym  | Notes

|
|

Name  | Language
Socotra | Suquṭrā (سُقُطْرَىٰ)  | Standard Arabic |
Saqatri (ساقطري)  | Soqotri |

## See also

[edit]

* List of European exonyms
* List of European regions with alternative names
* List of European rivers with alternative names
* List of English exonyms for German toponyms—some no longer current
* List of renamed Indian public places—some without current acceptance

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Peeter Päll, Estonia, "Do Romanization Systems Create Exonyms?" UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names, Working Group on Romanization Systems (2002)
2. ^ Exonyms and the International Standardisation of Geographical Names Peter Jordan, Milan Orožen Adamič, Paul Woodman - 2007- Page 16 "2.2.11 This brings us on to the question of romanization. Does the application of a romanization system turn an endonym into an exonym? In his GeoNames 2000 paper Do Romanization Systems Create Exonyms?, Peeter Päll argued convincingly.."
3. ^ M. B. Hooker Laws of South-East Asia: The pre-modern texts 1986 - Page 23 "Place names such as Rangoon, Mandalay, Pegu and Moulmein have been left in the English form which is familiar to the non-Burmese reader. Personal names also have been left in the old romanization which seems to be familiar to.."
4. ^ "algeria | Search Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Utrata Fachwörterbuch: Geographie - Englisch-Deutsch/Deutsch-Englisch by Jürgen Utrata (2014). Retrieved 10 Apr 2014.
6. ^ a b c d e f Worsch, Wolfgang (2004). Langenscheidt Muret-Sanders Großwörterbuch, Teil II, Deutsch-Englisch , Langenscheidt KG, Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Zurich, New York, pp. 1269-1272. ISBN 3-468-02126-7.
7. ^ Willemyns, Roland. Dutch: Biography of a Language. Oxford University Press. 2013.
8. ^ "Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina)". www.crwflags.com. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
9. ^ Kaske, Elisabeth (2008). "The Politics of Language in Chinese Education". Brill. p. 52\. ISBN 978-9004163676.
10. ^ Man, Bosat (June 1990). "Backhill/Peking/Beijing" (PDF). Sino-Platonic Papers (19): 5.
11. ^ Chew, Phillis Ghim-Lian (2013). Emergent Lingua Francas and World Orders: The Politics and Place of English as a World Language. Routledge. p. 254\. ISBN 978-1135235567.
12. ^ Forêt, Philippe (2000). Mapping Chengde: The Qing Landscape Enterprise. University of Hawaii Press. p. xv. ISBN 9780824822934.
13. ^ Webb, Adrian. The Routledge Companion to Central and Eastern Europe since 1919. 2008.
14. ^ "egypt | Search Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
15. ^ a b c d Paikkala, Sirkka (April 2023). Toponymic guidelines for map editors and other editors: Finland (PDF). United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, 22nd session, April 2004 (4th, revised ed.). pp. 27–28.
16. ^ Dorit Diskin Ravid Spelling Morphology 2012- Page 10 "For example, in the Hebraist tradition, current v would be transcribed as either w or b following Hebrew graphemes – so that official place names on road signs in Israel can be quite misleading to non-Hebrew readers traveling around Israel."
17. ^ "Why is Japan called Japan?". www.jluggage.com. Retrieved 2023-09-20.
18. ^ "Viangchan definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved 2020-05-02.
19. ^ "Wiang Chan". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2020-05-02.
20. ^ "Casablanca: Attractive places in the biggest city of morocco". Friendly Morocco. 2017-06-21. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
21. ^ "morocco | Etymology, origin and meaning of morocco by etymonline". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
22. ^ York, Rob (2014-02-07). "Why is North Korea called the DPRK? | NK News". NK News - North Korea News. Retrieved 2023-12-28.
23. ^ Robert D. Kaplan. Balkan Ghosts: A Journey Through History. 1993\. (Picador, 2014.) p. 119. ISBN 9781466868304
24. ^ Bewes, Diccon. Swiss Watching: Inside the Land of Milk and Honey. p.vii. 2012.
25. ^ "Bangkok | Location, History, Population, Map, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-12-28.
26. ^ "The word Quemoy has existed for about 400 years" (PDF). 2013-04-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-29. Retrieved 2020-12-05.
27. ^ Exonyms and the International Standardisation of Geographical Names: Approaches towards the Resolution of an Apparent Contradiction Peter Jordan, Milan Orožen Adamič, Paul Woodman, Vienna 2007 Page 210 [lists Istanbul, as an English exonym of İstanbul. Istanbul appears to be the only English exonym listed for any Turkish city].
28. ^ Lonely Planet Turkey ed. Verity Campbell 2007 Page 233 "There are also flights between İzmir and Europe on various European airlines (see p672). With the launch of İzmir Airlines, direct flights to Europe will greatly increase, and İzmir is billed to become one of Turkey's biggest hubs." and Page 291 "Original İznik tiles are antiquities and cannot be exported from Turkey, but new tiles make great, if not particularly cheap, souvenirs."
29. ^ James Steele (1990). Turkey - A Traveller's Historical and Architectural Guide. Scorpion. pp. 161–162\. ISBN 0-905906-72-1.
30. ^ Carter, Phillip M. (2023-02-16). "Why does Turkey want other countries to start spelling its name 'Türkiye'?". The Conversation. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
31. ^ "General Assembly Adopts Resolution Urging Russian Federation to Withdraw Its Armed Forces from Crimea, Expressing Grave Concern about Rising Military Presence | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases". www.un.org. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
32. ^ Jean-Pierre Duteil Alexandre de Rhodes' Histoire du royaume du Tonkin 1999 Page 37 "Tourane se développe aux dépends de Faifo à la fin du XVIfle siècle, et l'éclipsé à peu près complètement au XTXe. "Faifo" doit son nom au "marché" (phô) de Hôi an (Hôi-an phô). "Tourane" correspondrait à la pronunciation chinoise de .."

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