English name

Personal names used in, or originating in, England

For English names in biology, see Common name.

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English names are personal names used in, or originating in, England. In England, as elsewhere in the English-speaking world, a complete name usually consists of one or more given names, commonly referred to as first names, and a (most commonly patrilineal, rarely matrilineal) family name or surname, also referred to as a last name. The given names after the first are often referred to as middle names.[1]

An example of an English signature (that of Oliver Cromwell) with first and last name

## Given names

[edit]

Few given names used in England have English derivations. Many names are of Hebrew (Daniel, David, Elizabeth, Susan) or Greek (Nicholas, Dorothy, George, and Helen) origin. Some are Germanic names, sometimes adopted via the transmission of French (Robert, Richard, Gertrude, Charlotte) or originate from Indo-European (Adrian, Amelia, Patrick) or Celtic.

A small fraction of given names has an actual English derivation (see Anglo-Saxon names), such as Alfred, Ashley, Edgar, Edmund, Edward, Edwin, Harold and Oswald. A distinctive feature of Anglophone names is the surnames of important families used as given names, originally to indicate political support or patronage. Many examples have now become normal names chosen because parents like them, and any political sense lost. Most are male names like Cecil, Gerald[citation needed], Howard, Percy, Montague, Stanley or Gordon, though some have female versions like Cecilia or Geraldine. Other languages have few equivalents, although the saint's surname Xavier is often used by Roman Catholics.

During the majority of the 19th century, the most popular given names were Mary for girls and either John or William for boys. Throughout the Early Modern period, the diversity of given names was comparatively small; the three most popular male given names represented nearly 50% of the male population throughout this period. For example, of the boys born in London in the year 1510, 24.4% were named John, 13.3% were named Thomas and 11.7% were named William.[2] A trend towards more diversity in given names began in the mid-19th century, and by 1900, only 22.9% of the newborn boys, and 16.2% of the newborn girls in the UK shared the top three given names for each gender. The trend continued during the 20th century, and by 1994, these figures had fallen to 11% and 8.6%, respectively. This trend is a result of a combination of greater individualism in the choice of names, and the increasing ethnic heterogeneity of the UK population, which led to a wider range of frequent given names from non-European traditions. Oliver and Olivia were the most popular baby names in England and Wales[3] in 2018.

### Translations

[edit]

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Translations of male English given names  English  | French  | German  | Greek  | Italian  | Portuguese  | Spanish

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Aaron | Aaron | Aaron | - | Aronne | Aarão | Aarón
Abel | Abel | Abel | - | Abele | Abel | Abel
Abner | Abner | - | - | - | Abner | Abner
Abraham | Abraham | Abraham | Abramo | Abraão | Abraham
Absalom | - | Absalom | - | Assalonne | Absalão | Absalón
Adam | Adam | Adam | Adám | - | Adão | Adán
Adolph | Adolphe | Adolf | - | Adolfo | Adolfo | Adolfo
Adrian | Adrien | Adrian | Adrianós | Adriano | Adriano | Adrián
Alan | Alain | - | - | - | - | - |
Albert | Albert | Albert | - | Alberto | Alberto | Alberto
Alexander | Alexandre | Alexander | - | Alessandro | Alexandre | Alejandro
Alexis | Alexis | - | Aléxis | Alessio | Aleixo | Alejo
Alfred | Alfred | Alfred | - | Alfredo | Alfredo | Alfredo
Alphonse | Alphonse | Alfons | - | Alfonso | Afonso | Alfonso
Alvin | - | Alwin | - | - | - | - |
Amadeus | Amédée | Amadeus | - | Amedeo | Amadeu | Amadeo
Ambrose | Ambroise | Ambrosius | - | Ambrogio | Ambrósio | Ambrosio
Anastasius | Anastase | - | Anastásios | Anastasio | Anastácio | Anastásio
Andrew | André | Andreas | Andréas | Andrea | André | Andrés
Angel  | Ange | Engel | Ángelos | Angelo | Anjo | Ángel
Anthony | Antoine | Anton | Antónios | Antonio | Antônio | Antonio
Archangel  | Archange | Erzengel | Archángelos | Arcangelo | Arcanjo | Arcángel
Archibald  | Archambault | Archibald | - | Arcibaldo | Arquibaldo | Archibaldo
Arnold | Arnaud | Arnold | - | Arnoldo | Arnaldo | Arnoldo
Arnulf | Arnoul | Arnolf | - | Arnolfo | Arnulfo | Arnulfo
Arthur | Arthur | Arthur | - | Arturo | Artur | Arturo
Asher | Aser | Ascher | - | Aser | Aser | Aser
Augustine | Augustin | Augustin | Avgoustínos | Agostino | Agostinho | Agustín
Bartholomew | Barthélémy | Bartholomäus | Vartholomaíos | Bartolomeo | Bartolomeu | Bartolomé
Basil | Basilic | Basilikum | Vasilikós | Basilico | Manjericão | Albahaca
Benedict | Benoît | Benedikt | - | Benedetto | Benedito | Benedicto
Benjamin | Benjamin | Benjamin | - | Beniamino | Benjamim | Benjamín
Bernard | Bernard | Bernhard | - | Bernardo | Bernardo | Bernardo
Billy  | Basile | - | Vasíleios | Basilio | Basílio | Basílio
Caleb | Caleb | Kaleb | - | Caleb | Calebe | Caleb
Celestine | Célestin | - | - | Celestino | Celestino | Celestino
Charles | Charles | Karl | Károlos | Carlo | Carlos | Carlos
Christian | Christian | Christian | Christianós | Cristiano | Cristiano | Cristián
Christopher | Christophe | Christoph | Christóforos | Cristoforo | Cristóvão | Cristóbal
Claude | Claude | - | - | Claudio | Cláudio | Claudio
Conrad | - | Conrad | - | Corrado | Conrado | Conrado
Constantine | Constantin | Konstantin | Konstantínos | Costantino | Constantino | Constantino
Cornelius | Corneille | Cornelius | Kornílios | Cornelio | Cornélio | Cornelio
Cyril | Cyrille | Kyrill | Kýrillos | Cirillo | Cirilo | Cirilo
Damian | Damien | Damian | Damianós | Damiano | Damião | Damián
Daniel | Daniel | Daniel | Daniíl | Daniele | Daniel | Daniel
Darius | - | Dareios | - | Dario | Dário | Darío
David | David | David | Davíd | Davide | David | David
Demetrius | Dimitri | Demetrius | Dimítrios | Demetrio | Demétrio | Demetrio
Dennis | Denis | Dennis | Dionýsios | Dionisio | Dionísio | Dionisio
Derek | Thierry | Dietrich | - | Teodorico | Teodorico | Teodorico
Dominic | Dominique | Dominik | - | Domenico | Domingos | Domingo
Edmund | Edmond | Edmund | - | Edmundo | Edmundo | Edmundo
Edgar | Edgar | Edgar | - | Edgardo | Edgar | Edgar
Edward | Édouard | Eduard | Edouárdos | Edoardo | Eduardo | Eduardo
Edwin | - | Otwin | - | - | - | - |
Eli | - | Eli | Ilías | Eli | Eli | Eli
Elijah | Élie | Elias | Ilías | Elia | Elías | Elías
Elmer | - | Elmar | - | - | - | - |
Emmanuel | Emmanuel | Emanuel | Emmanouíl | Emanuele | Manuel | Manuel
Emil | Émile | Emil | Aimílios | Emilio | Emilio | Emilio
Emory | Émeric | Emmerich | - | Amerigo | - | \-
Enoch | Hénoch | - | - | Enoch | - | Enoc
Ephraim | Éphraïm | Ephraim | Efraím | Efraim | Efraim | Efraín
Eric | Éric | Erich | Erríkos | Erico | Érico | Erico
Ernest | Ernest | Ernst | Ernéstos | Ernesto | Ernesto | Ernesto
Eugene | Eugène | Eugen | Evgénios | Eugenio | Eugênio | Eugenio
Eustace | Eustache | Eustachius | Efstáchyos | Eustachio | Eustácio | Eustaquio
Evans | Evangelos | - | Evángelos | Evangelo | - | \-
Ezekiel | Ézéchiel | Ezechiel | - | Ezechiele | Ezequiel | Ezequiel
Ezra | Esdras | Esra | Ésdra | Esdras | Esdras
Felix | Félix | Felix | Felice | Félix | Félix
Francis | François | Franz | Frangískos | Francesco | Francisco | Francisco
Frederick | Frédéric | Friedrich | Frideríkos | Federico | Frederico | Federico
Gabriel | Gabriel | Gabriel | Gavriíl | Gabriele | Gabriel | Gabriel
Gavin | Gauvain | Gabinus | - | Gavino | Galvão | Gavino
Geoffrey | Geoffrey | Gottfried | - | Goffredo | Godofredo | Godofredo
George | Georges | Georg | Geórgios | Giorgio | Jorge | Jorge
Gerald | Gérald | Gerald | - | Giraldo | Geraldo | Geraldo
Gerard | Gérard | Gerhard | Gerardo | Gerardo | Gerardo
Giles | Gilles | Ägidius | - | Egídio | Gil
Gregory | Grégoire | Gregor | Grigórios | Gregorio | Gregório | Gregorio
Guy | Guy | Guido | - | Guido | Guido | Guido
Harold | - | Harald | - | Aroldo | Haroldo | Haroldo
Harvey | Hervé | - | Charívios | - | - | \-
Hector | Hector | - | Éktor | Ettore | Heitor | Héctor
Henry | Henri | Heinrich | Enríkos | Enrico | Henrique | Enrique
Herbert | Herbert | Heribert | - | Erberto | Herberto | Herberto
Herman | Armand | Hermann | Armándos | Armando | Armando | Armando
Hezekiah | Ézéchias | Ezechias | - | Ezechia | Ezequias | Ezequías
Hiram | Hiram | Hiram | - | Hiram | Hirão | Hiram
Homer | Homère | - | Ómiros | Omero | Homero | \-
Honorius | Honoré | Honorius | - | Onorio | Honório | Honorio
Horace | Horace | Horaz | - | Orazio | Horácio | Horacio
Hubert | Hubert | Hubert | Ouvértos | Uberto | Huberto | Huberto
Hugh | Hugues | Hugo | - | Ugo | Hugo | Hugo
Isaac | Isaac | Isaak | Isaák | Isacco | Isaac | Isaac
Isaiah | Isaïe | Isaias | Isaías | Isaia | Isaías | Isaías
Isidore | Isidore | Isidor | Isídoros | Isidoro | Isidoro | Isidoro
Israel | Israël | Israel | - | Israele | Israel | Israel
Jacob | Jacob | Jakob | Iákovos | Giacobbe | Jacó | Jacobo
James | Jacques | Jakob | Iákovos | Giacomo | Jaime | Jaime
Jared | Yared | Jered | - | Iared | Jarede | Jared
Jason | Jason | Jason | Iásonas | Giasone | Jasão | Jasón
Jeremiah | Jérémie | Jeremias | Ieremías | Geremia | Jeremias | Jeremías
Jerome | Jérôme | Hieronymus | Ierónymos | Gerolamo | Jerônimo | Jerónimo
Jesse | Jessé | Isai | Iessaías | Iesse | Jessé | Jesé
Jesus | Jésus | Jesus | Iisoús | Gesù | Jesus | Jesús
Job | Job | Hiob | Ióv | Giobbe | Jó | Job
John | Jean | Johann | Ioánnis | Giovanni | João | Juan
Jonah | Jonas | Jona | Ionás | Giona | Jonas | Jonás
Jonathan | Jonathan | Jonathan | Ionáthan | Gionata | Jónatas | Jonatan
Joseph | Joseph | Josef | Iosíf | Giuseppe | José | José
Joshua | Josué | Josua | Iisoús | Giosuè | Josué | Josué
Josiah | Josias | Josia | - | Giosia | Josias | Josías
Judah | Juda | Juda | - | Giuda | Judá | Judá
Julian | Julien | Julian | Ioulianós | Giuliano | Juliano | Julián
Julius | Jules | Julius | Ioúlios | Giulio | Júlio | Julio
Lawrence | Laurent | Lorenz | Lorétzos | Lorenzo | Lourenço | Lorenzo
Lazarus | Lazare | Lazarus | Lázaros | Lazzaro | Lázaro | Lázaro
Leon | Léon | Leo | Léon | Leone | Leão | León
Leonard | Léonard | Leonhard | Leonárdos | Leonardo | Leonardo | Leonardo
Leopold  | Léopold | Leopold | Leopóldos | Leopoldo | Leopoldo | Leopoldo
Lothair | Lothaire | Lothar | - | Lotario | Lotário | Lotario
Louis | Louis | Ludwig | Loízos | Luigi | Luís | Luis
Luke | Luc | Lukas | Loukás | Luca | Lucas | Lucas
Marcellus | Marcel | Marcel | Márkellos | Marcello | Marcelo | Marcelo
Mark | Marc | Markus | Márkos | Marco | Marcos | Marcos
Martin | Martin | Martin | Martino | Martim | Martín
Matthew | Matthieu | Matthias | Matteo | Mateus | Mateo
Maurice | Maurice | Moritz | Maurizio | Maurício | Mauricio
Maximilian | Maximilien | Maximilian | Massimiliano | Maximiliano | Maximiliano
Maximus | Maxime | - | Massimo | Máximo | Máximo
Micah | Michée | Micha | Michea | Miqueias | Miqueas
Michael | Michel | Michael | Michele | Miguel | Miguel
Moses | Moïse | Mose | Mosè | Moisés | Moisés
Nathan | Nathan | Natan | Natan | Natã | Natán
Nathaniel | Nathanaël | - | Natanaele | Natanael | Natanael
Nicholas | Nicolas | Nikolaus | Niccolò | Nicolau | Nicolás
Noah | Noé | Noach | Noè | Noé | Noé
Octavius | Octave | - | Ottavio | Octávio | Octavio
Oliver | Olivier | Oliver | Oliviero | - | Oliverio
Orestes | Oreste | Orest | Oreste | Orestes | Orestés
Orpheus | Orphée | Orpheus | Orfeo | Orfeu | Orfeo
Oscar | Oscar | Oskar | Oscar | Óscar | Óscar
Oswald | - | Oswald | Osvaldo | Osvaldo | Osvaldo
Otto | Eudes | Otto | Oddo | Otão | Otón
Patrick | Patrice | Patrick | Patrizio | Patrício | Patricio
Paul | Paul | Paul | Paolo | Paulo | Pablo
Perfectus | Parfait | Perfectus | - | - | Perfecto
Peter | Pierre | Peter | Pietro | Pedro | Pedro
Phaedon | Phédon | - | Fedone | - | Fedón
Philip | Philippe | Philipp | Filippo | Filipe | Felipe
Phineas | Phinée | Pinchas | Fineas | Fineias | Fineas
Plutarch | Plutarque | Plutarch | Plutarco | Plutarco | Plutarco
Prosper | Prosper | Prosper | Prospero | Próspero | Próspero
Quentin | Quentin | Quintin | Quintino | Quintino | Quintin
Randolph | - | Randolf | Randolfo | - | \-
Ralph | Raoul | Ralph | Raul | Raul | Raúl
Raphael | Raphaël | Raphael | Raffaele | Rafael | Rafael
Raymond | Raymond | Raimund | - | Raimundo | Ramón
Reuben | Ruben | Ruben | Ruben | Rubem | Rubén
Richard | Richard | Richard | Riccardo | Ricardo | Ricardo
Robert | Robert | Robert | Roberto | Roberto | Roberto
Roderick | Rodrigue | Roderich | Rodrigo | Rodrigo | Rodrigo
Roger | Roger | Rutger | Ruggero | Rogério | Rogelio
Roland | Roland | Roland | Rolando | Rolando | Rolando
Rudolph | Rodolphe | Rudolf | Rodolfo | Rodolfo | Rodolfo
Rupert | Rupert | Ruprecht | Ruperto | Ruperto | Ruperto
Samson | Samson | Simson | Sansone | Sansão | Sansón
Samuel | Samuel | Samuel | Samuele | Samuel | Samuel
Saul | Saül | Saul | Saul | Saulo | Saúl
Sebastian | Sébastien | Sebastian | Sebastiano | Sebastião | Sebastián
Seth | Seth | Set | Set | Sete | Set
Sigmund | Sigismond | Sigismund | Sigismondo | - | \-
Simeon | Siméon | Simeon | Simeone | Simeão | Simeón
Simon | Simon | Simon | Simone | Simão | Simón
Solomon | Salomon | Salomo | Salomone | Salomão | Salomón
Spyrus | Spyridon | - | Spiridione | - | Spiridión
Stanislaus | Stanislas | Stanislaus | Stanislao | Estanislau | Estanislao
Stephen | Étienne | Stephan | Stefano | Estevão | Esteban
Theodore | Théodore | Theodor | Teodoro | Teodoro | Teodoro
Thomas | Thomas | Thomas | Tommaso | Tomás | Tomás
Timothy | Timothée | Timotheus | Timoteo | Timóteo | Timoteo
Tobias | Tobie | - | Tobia | - | Tobías
Ulrich | Ulrich | Ulrich | Ulrico | Ulrico | Udalrico
Ulysses | Ulysse | Odysseus | Ulisse | Ulisses | Ulises
Valentine | Valentin | Valentin | Valentino | Valentim | Valentin
Vangel | Vangélis | - | Vangélis | Vangeli | - | \-
Victor | Victor | Viktor | Vittorio | Vítor | Víctor
Vincent | Vincent | Vinzenz | Vincenzo | Vicente | Vicente
Walter | Gautier | Walther | Gualtiero | Gualtério | Gualterio
William | Guillaume | Wilhelm | Guglielmo | Guilherme | Guillermo
Xavier | Xavier | Xaver | Saverio | Xavier | Javier
Zachary | Zacharie | Zacharias | Zaccaria | Zacarias | Zacarías
Translations of female English given names  English  | French  | German  | Greek  | Hungarian  | Italian  | Portuguese  | Spanish

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Alexandra | Alexandra | Alexandra | Alexándra | Alexandra | Alessandra | Alexandra | Alejandra
Alexia | - | Alexia | Alexía | - | Alessia | Alexia | Αlejia
Alice | Alice | Alice | Alíki | Alice | Alice | Alice | Alicia
Amy | Aimée | - | Amánta | Amánta | Amata | Amada | Amada
Agnes | Agnès | Agnes | Agní | Ágnes | Agnese | Inês | Inés
Anastasia | Anastasie | - | Anastasía | - | Anastasia | Anastácia | Anastásia
Angela | Angèle | Angela | Ángela | Angéla | Ángela | Ângela | Ángela
Angelica | Angélique | Angelika | - | Angyalka | Angelica | Angélica | Angélica
Annabel | Annabelle | - | - | - | - | Anabela | Anabel
Antonia | Antoinette | - | Antonía | - | Antonella | Antônia | \-
Barbara | Barbe | Barbara | Varvára | Borbála | Barbara | Bárbara | Bárbara
Basel | Bâle | Basel | Vasileía | Bázel | Basilea | Basilia | Basilia
Catherine | Catherine | Katarina | Ekateríni | Katalin | Caterina | Catarina | Catalina
Charlotte | Charlotte | Charlotte | - | Sarolta | Carlotta | Carlota | Carlota
Christine | Christine | Christina | Christína | Krisztina | Cristina | Cristina | Cristina
Cleopatra | Cléopâtre | - | Kleopátra | - | Cleopatra | Cleópatra | Cleopatra
Daphne | Daphné | - | Dáfni | - | Dafne | - | Dafne
Danae | Danaé | - | Danái | - | Danae | - | Danae
Daniella | Danielle | Daniela | Daniéla | - | Daniela | Daniela | Daniela
Dorothy | Dorothée | Dorothea | Dorothéa | Dorottya | Dorotea | Doroteia | Dorotea
Eleanor | Éléonore | Eleonora | Eleonóra | Eleonóra | Eleonora | Leonor | Leonor
Elizabeth | Élisabeth | Elisabeth | Elisávet | Erzsébet | Elisabetta | Elisabete/Isabel | Elisabet/Isabella
Eugenia | Eugénie | - | Eugenía | - | Eugenia | Eugêniα | Eugenia
Emmanuella | Emmanuelle | - | Emmanouilía | - | Emanuela | Manoela | Manuela
Emerald | Émeraude | - | Smaragda | - | Esmeralda | Esmeralda | Esmeralda
Evangelie  | Évangéline | Evangelina | Evangelía | - | Evangelina | Evangelista | Evangelina
Eve | Ève | Eva | Evi | Éva | Eva | Eva | Eva
Felicity | Félicité | Felicitas | - | Felicitás | Felicita | Felicidade | Felicidad
Frances | Françoise | Franziska | Frangiska | Franciska | Francesca | Francisca | Francisca
Frederica | Frédérique | Friederica | Frideríki | - | Federica | Frederica | Federica
Gabriella | Gabrielle | Gabriela | Gavriéla | - | Gabriela | Gabriela | Gabriela
Hannah | Anne | Hannah | Anna | Anna | Anna | Ana | Ana
Helen | Hélène | Helena | Eléni | Ilona | Elena | Helena | Elena
Joanna | Jeanne | Johanna | Ioánna | - | Giovanna | Joana | Juana
Josepha | Josèphe | Josepha | - | Jozefa | Giuseppa | Josefa | Josefa
Josephine | Joséphine | Josephine | Iosifína | Jozefina | Giuseppina | Josefina | Josefina
Louise | Louise | Louisa | Louíza | Lujza | Luisa | Luísa | Luisa
Lucy | Lucie | Lucia | Loukía | Luca | Lucia | Lúcia | Lucía
Magdalene | Madeleine | Magdalena | Magdaliní | Magdaléna | Maddalena | Madalena | Magdalena
Marcella | Marcelle | Marcella | Markélla | - | Marcella | Marcela | Marcela
Margaret | Marguerite | Margareta | Margaríta | Margaréta | Margherita | Margarida | Margarita
Marina | Marine | Marina | Marína | - | Marina | Marina | Marina
Martha | Marthe | Marthe | Mártha | Márta | Marta | Marta | Marta
Mary | Marie | Maria | María | Mária | Maria | Maria | María
Nicola | Nicole | Nicole | Nikol | - | - | - | Nicolasa
Paula | Paule | Paula | Polína | Paula | Paοla | Paula | Paula
Paulina | Pauline | Paulina | Pavlína | Paulina | Paolina | Paulina | Paulina
Penelope | Pénélope | Penelope | Pinelópi | Pénelopé | Penelope | Penélope | Penélope
Queen | Reine | - | Vasílissa | - | Regina | Rainha | Reina
Raphaela | Raphaëlle | Raffaela | Rafailía | - | Raffaella | Rafaela | Rafaela
Rebecca | Rébecca | Rebekka | Revékka | - | Rebecca | Rebeca | Rebeca
Simone | Simone | Simone | Simóni | - | Simona | Simone | \-
Sophia | Sophie | Sophia | Sofia | Zsófia | Sofia | Sofia | Sofía
Susanna | Suzanne | Susanne | Souzána | Zsuzsanna | Susanna | Susana | Susana
Sylvia | Sylvie | Sylvia | Sýlvia | Szilvia | Silvia | Sílvia | Silvia
Theresa | Thérèse | Theresa | - | Terézia | Teresa | Teresa | Teresa
Valerie | Valérie | Valerie | Valéria | Valéria | Valeria | Valéria | Valéria
Vicky | Basilique | Basilika | Vasilikí | Bazilika | Basilica | Basílica | Basílica
Victoria | Victoire | Viktoria | Viktoría | Victoria | Vittoria | Vitória | Victoria
Vicko | Victoire | Viktoria | Viktoría | Victoria | Vittoria | Vitória | Victoria
Violet | Violette | - | Violétta | - | Violetta | Violeta | Violeta
Wendy | Wendy  | Wendy  | Guenti  | Wendy  |  |  |

## Surnames

[edit]

According to Christopher Daniell, in 1140 marked what might be the first recorded use of a modern surname, inherited by multiple generations. These were not always regularly formed: for example, the sons of a certain French named Robert used a modern inheritable surname, FitzGerald, in honour of an earlier relative, named Gerald.[4]

While it is normal for a child to be given one of their parents' surnames, traditionally the father's (or increasingly some combination of the two), there is nothing in UK law that explicitly requires this. Under English common law, a person may use any name as a legal name, though most people use their birth name (as registered on the Register of Births, Marriages and Deaths, regulated by the Registration of Births and Deaths Regulations 1987, which allows only characters that are used in English or Welsh), often using a spouse's surname (proved with a marriage certificate), or (if an adult) a name formally declared by deed poll. No regulations include any specific provisions regarding what names are acceptable. Nonetheless, the General Register Office and various organizations that help with creating and enrolling deed polls will reject anything that is unreasonable (racist, offensive, fraudulent, implying a title of nobility not held, unpronounceable, not in the Latin script, etc.).

### Compound surnames

[edit]

Main article: Double-barrelled name

Double-barrelled names may be formed for a variety of reasons, including combining of spouses' surnames upon marriage or, more commonly in the past, adding another family's surname as a condition of inheritance.[5]

Compound surnames in English feature two or more words, often joined by a hyphen or hyphens: for example, Henry Hepburne-Scott. A few families have three or four words making up their surname, such as Charles Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 21st Baron Clinton and Alexander Charles Robert Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 9th Marquess of Londonderry. However, it is not unusual for compound surnames to be composed of separate words not linked by a hyphen, for example Iain Duncan Smith, a former leader of the Conservative Party, whose surname is "Duncan Smith".

## See also

[edit]

* List of the most common surnames in Europe

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "English Names". www.behindthename.com.
2. ^ Douglas A. Galbi. Long-Term Trends in Personal Given Name Frequencies in the UK, 2002 [1]
3. ^ "Baby names in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk.
4. ^ Christopher Daniell (2013). From Norman Conquest to Magna Carta: England 1066–1215. Routledge. p. 33\. ISBN 9781136356971. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
5. ^ Denison, David; Hogg, Richard (2008). A History of the English Language. Cambridge University Press. p. 334.

## External links

[edit]

* English Surnames Archived 2017-01-31 at the Wayback Machine (about.com)
* Given Names in England Before 1800
* Seven Types of English Surnames
* Baby names in England and Wales: 2018 Most popular first names for baby boys and girls in 2018 using birth registration data (Office of National Statistics)

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and Central Asia|

* Kalmyk
* Manchu
* Mongolian
* Sakha
* Tibetan

North Africa
and Western Asia|

* Afghan
* Arabic
* Azerbaijani
* Berber
* Coptic
* Hebrew
* Mandaean
* Pashtun
* Persian
* Somali
* Tatar
* Turkish

Oceania|

* Australian Aboriginal
* Fijian
* Hawaiian
* Māori
* Vanuatuan

Sub-Saharan Africa|

* Ashanti
* Congolese
* Eritrean and Ethiopian
* Ewe
* Ghanaian
* Igbo
* Yoruba
* Zimbabwean

Europe,
Americas,
and Australasia|

| Baltic|

* Latvian
* Lithuanian

|

Celtic|

* Cornish
* Irish
* Manx
* Scottish
* Welsh

Germanic|

* Dutch
* English
* American
* African-American
* Canadian
* German
* Gothic
* Icelandic
* Scandinavian
* Swedish

Romance|

* Catalan
* French
* Italian
* Occitan
* Portuguese
* Roman
* praenomen
* nomen
* cognomen
* agnomen
* Romanian
* Spanish
* Latin America

Slavic|

* Bulgarian
* Croatian
* Czech
* East Slavic
* Belarusian
* Russian
* Ukrainian
* Kashubian
* Macedonian
* Polish
* Serbian
* Slovak
* Suffixes

Uralic|

* Estonian
* Finnish
* Hungarian

Other|

* Albanian
* Armenian
* Basque
* Georgian
* Greek
* ancient
* Cypriot

South and Southeast Asia|

* Balinese
* Bengali
* Bhutanese
* Burmese
* Filipino
* Indonesian
* Chinese
* Javanese
* Cambodian
* Malaysian
* Mizo (Lushai)
* Indian
* Lao
* Pakistani
* Sindhi
* Sinhalese
* Tamilian
* Thai

By religion|

* Christian
* biblical
* papal
* saint
* Buddhist surname
* Dharma
* Jewish
* Hebrew
* surname
* Mandaean
* Theophoric

Manners of address (list)
Of authority and of honour|

| Styles|

* Honorific
* diplomatic
* imperial, royal, and noble
* judiciary
* religious
* ecclesiastical
* Pre-nominal letters
* Suffix
* emeritus
* Post-nominal letters
* academic
* orders, decorations, and medals

|

Titles|

* Academic
* Imperial, royal and noble
* chivalric
* courtesy
* false
* hereditary
* subsidiary
* substantive
* Military
* professional
* Academic
* educational
* honorary
* Corporate
* Diplomatic
* Judicial
* Religious
* ecclesiastical
* papal

Related traditions|

* Baptism
* Name day
* Calendar of saints

Related|

* Acronym
* Anonymity
* Anthropomorphism
* personification
* national
* Call sign
* Deadnaming
* Endonym and exonym
* Family
* Galton–Watson process
* Legal name
* name change
* Namesake
* Naming taboo
* Nomenclature
* nomen nescio
* Misnomer
* Onomastics
* -onym
* Personal identity
* identifier
* Proper noun
* Signature
* monogram
* royal cypher
* khelrtva
* signum manus
* tughra
* Surnames by country

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