Enoplia

Subclass of roundworms

Enoplia

Scientific classification
Domain:  | Eukaryota
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Nematoda
Class:  | Enoplea
Subclass:  | Enoplia
Pearse, 1942
Orders

* Enoplida
* Trefusiida
* Triplonchida

The Enoplia are a subclass of nematodes in the class Enoplea.

## Description

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Enoplians are characterized by amphids shaped like ovals, stirrups, or pouches. Their bodies are smooth, without rings or lines. The esophagus is cylindrical and glandular.[1]

## Taxonomy

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Lorenzen described two orders, Enoplida and Trefusiida, in the 1980s based on morphology. With the advent of phylogenetic analysis, a reorganisation has been necessary, moving the Triplonchida here to create three orders and expanding it.[1][2] [3]

The orders are distinguished mainly by habitat type.[4][3]

* Enoplida Filipjev, 1929 - nematodes of marine and brackish water habitat, carnivorous or feed on diatoms and other algaes
* Triplonchida Cobb, 1920 - terrestrial nematodes, including some plant parasites
* Trefusiida Lorenzen, 1981

## Phylogeny

[edit]

Enoplia is regarded as the earliest nematode branch, according to recent phylogenetic analysis.[5] Enoplia is mentioned as a sister clade to Dorylaima and Chromadoria.[5][6]

## References

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1. ^ a b Subclass Enoplia. Archived 2013-10-10 at the Wayback Machine Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version July 26, 2012.
2. ^ Phylum Nematoda. Nematode Classification. Department of Nematology. University of California, Riverside.
3. ^ a b Lee 2010.
4. ^ Bik, H. M.; et al. (2010). "Moving towards a complete molecular framework of the Nematoda: a focus on the Enoplida and early-branching clades". BMC Evol. Biol. 10 (1): 353. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..353B. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-353. PMC 2995457. PMID 21073704.
5. ^ a b Ahmed, Mohammed; Roberts, Nickellaus G.; Adediran, Funmilola; Smythe, Ashleigh B.; Kocot, Kevin M.; Holovachov, Oleksandr (2022). "Phylogenomic Analysis of the Phylum Nematoda: Conflicts and Congruences With Morphology, 18S rRNA, and Mitogenomes". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9. doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.769565. ISSN 2296-701X.
6. ^ Holterman, Martijn; van der Wurff, Andre; van den Elsen, Sven; van Megen, Hanny; Bongers, Tom; Holovachov, Oleksandr; Bakker, Jaap; Helder, Johannes (June 21, 2006). "Phylum-Wide Analysis of SSU rDNA Reveals Deep Phylogenetic Relationships among Nematodes and Accelerated Evolution toward Crown Clades". Molecular Biology and Evolution. pp. 1792–1800\. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl044. PMID 16790472. Retrieved 2024-02-15.1792-1800&rft.date=2006-06-21&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/molbev/msl044&rft_id=info:pmid/16790472&rft.aulast=Holterman&rft.aufirst=Martijn&rft.au=van+der+Wurff,+Andre&rft.au=van+den+Elsen,+Sven&rft.au=van+Megen,+Hanny&rft.au=Bongers,+Tom&rft.au=Holovachov,+Oleksandr&rft.au=Bakker,+Jaap&rft.au=Helder,+Johannes&rft_id=https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/23/9/1792/1014288&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Enoplia" class="Z3988">

## Bibliography

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* Blaxter, Mark L.; De Ley, Paul; Garey, James R.; Liu, Leo X.; Scheldeman, Patsy; Vierstraete, Andy; Vanfleteren, Jacques R.; Mackey, Laura Y.; Dorris, Mark; Frisse, Linda M.; Vida, J. T.; Thomas, W. Kelley (5 March 1998). "A molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum Nematoda". Nature. 392 (6671): 71–75\. Bibcode:1998Natur.392...71B. doi:10.1038/32160. PMID 9510248. S2CID 4301939.71-75&rft.date=1998-03-05&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/32160&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4301939#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/9510248&rft_id=info:bibcode/1998Natur.392...71B&rft.aulast=Blaxter&rft.aufirst=Mark+L.&rft.au=De+Ley,+Paul&rft.au=Garey,+James+R.&rft.au=Liu,+Leo+X.&rft.au=Scheldeman,+Patsy&rft.au=Vierstraete,+Andy&rft.au=Vanfleteren,+Jacques+R.&rft.au=Mackey,+Laura+Y.&rft.au=Dorris,+Mark&rft.au=Frisse,+Linda+M.&rft.au=Vida,+J.+T.&rft.au=Thomas,+W.+Kelley&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Enoplia" class="Z3988">
* Lee, Donald L, ed. (2010). The biology of nematodes. London: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0415272117. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
* De Ley, P & Blaxter, M 2004, 'A new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa'. in R Cook & DJ Hunt (eds), Nematology Monographs and Perspectives. vol. 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 633–653.

Wikispecies has information related to Enoplia.

Taxon identifiers

Enoplia|

* Wikidata: Q14805266
* Wikispecies: Enoplia
* ADW: Enoplia
* AFD: Enoplia
* EoL: 2855099
* ITIS: 61884
* NCBI: 33218
* NZOR: e31ad5bf-6be1-410d-ac54-b7891f3344d2
* Paleobiology Database: 318848
* WoRMS: 2135

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