Environmental impact of the Vietnam War

A United States Air Force craft spraying defoliant in Vietnam.

The Vietnam War had a major and long-lasting impact on the environment of the countries affected. The environment of Vietnam was severely degraded by the use of defoliants, bombing and other military activities.[1] North Vietnam utilised the geography and ecology of the region to conceal their activities and move resources, such as via the complex network of tunnels and paths in the Ho Chi Minh trail. In response, the United States developed and deployed technologies and campaigns to clear forests and destabilise soil, greatly impacting the environment.[2] Over the long-term, the long-term agricultural productivity in parts of Vietnam was reduced by Agent Orange and bombing campaigns.[3] The war has also been linked to extensive deforestation and influenced the hydrology of the Mekong region.[4][5]

## See also[edit]

* Impact of Agent Orange in Vietnam

## References[edit]

1. ^ Orians, Gordon H.; Pfeiffer, E. W. (1970). "Ecological Effects of the War in Vietnam". Science. 168 (3931): 544–554. ISSN 0036-8075.
2. ^ "The Origins of Ecocide: Revisiting the Ho Chi Minh Trail in the Vietnam War". Environment & Society Portal. 2020-05-21. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
3. ^ Appau, Samuelson; Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa; Smyth, Russell; Trinh, Trong-Anh (2021-10-01). "The long-term impact of the Vietnam War on agricultural productivity". World Development. 146: 105613. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105613. ISSN 0305-750X.
4. ^ Lacombe, Guillaume; Pierret, Alain (October 2013). "Hydrological impact of war‐induced deforestation in the Mekong Basin". Ecohydrology. 6 (5): 901–903. doi:10.1002/eco.1395. ISSN 1936-0584.
5. ^ "Environmental and migratory consequences of the Vietnam War | Environmental Migration Portal". environmentalmigration.iom.int. Retrieved 2024-01-27.

This article about the Vietnam War is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

|

* v
* t
* e

This environment-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

|

* v
* t
* e

* v
* t
* e

Vietnam War

Outline

Participants|

* North Vietnam (Việt Minh / PAVN, PRG, Viet Cong)
* South Vietnam (ARVN)
* International participants
* United States
* Thailand
* Australia
* People's Republic of China
* Republic of China
* South Korea
* New Zealand

Related conflicts|

* Laotian Civil War
* Cambodian Civil War
* Cold War (1962–1979)
* Cold War in Asia

Background|

* French Indochina
* Japanese occupation
* State of Vietnam (1949-1955)
* First Indochina War (Việt Minh, Battle of Dien Bien Phu)
* 1954 Geneva Conference
* Vietnamese migration of 1954–55
* 1955 referendum
* North Vietnamese invasion of Laos
* 1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt

Events|

* 1962: Strategic Hamlet Program
* Independence Palace bombing
* 1963: Buddhist crisis
* Coup against Diem
* 1964: Coup against Minh
* Gulf of Tonkin incident / Resolution
* December coup
* 1965: U.S. escalation / "Americanization"
* 1965 South Vietnamese coup
* Bombing of North Vietnam
* 1966: Buddhist Uprising
* 1968: Tet Offensive (Khe Sanh, Hue)
* 1970: Cambodian campaign
* 1971: Vietnamization policy, ARVN campaign in Laos
* 1972: Easter Offensive
* Christmas bombings
* 1973: Paris Peace Accords
* 1974: Battle of Phước Long
* 1975: 1975 spring offensive
* Fall of Saigon

Conflict|

* Củ Chi tunnels
* Ho Chi Minh trail
* Sihanouk Trail
* Operation Popeye
* Weapons
* Agent Orange
* Land mines
* Rape
* United States prisoners of war
* War crimes (Huế, My Lai, Đắk Sơn)

Impacts|

* Casualties
* Body count controversy
* POW/MIA issue
* Impact of Agent Orange
* Environmental impact

Aftermath|

* Cambodian–Vietnamese War
* Indochina refugee crisis
* Vietnamese boat people
* Sino-Vietnamese War
* Veterans
* Normalization of US-Vietnam relations

Reactions|

* Draft evasion in the Vietnam War
* Opposition to United States involvement
* Protests
* United States news media
* In popular culture
* Film
* Games
* Songs

Other topics|

* Awards and decorations
* Canada and the Vietnam War
* CIA activities in Vietnam
* Henry Kissinger’s involvement
* Pentagon Papers
* SEATO
* Women in the Vietnam War

* Category
* Battles and operations
* Commons

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template