Erode district

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Erode.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Erode district" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

District in Tamil Nadu, India

Erode District

district

Clockwise from top-left: Bannari Amman Temple, Bhavani Sangameswarar Temple, Bhavanisagar Dam, Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Kodiveri dam, and confluence of the Bhavani and Kaveri Rivers

Location in Tamil Nadu

Erode district

Coordinates: 11°21′N 77°44′E﻿ / ﻿11.350°N 77.733°E﻿ / 11.350; 77.733
Country| India
State| Tamil Nadu
Region| Kongu Nadu
Headquarters| Erode
Taluks| Anthiyur, Bhavani, Erode, Gobichettipalayam, Kodumudi, Modakurichi, Nambiyur, Perundurai, Sathyamangalam, Thalavadi
Government

• District Collector| Raja Gopal Sunkara, IAS
• Superintendent of Police| G. Jawahar, IPS
Area

[1]

• Total| 6,036 km2 (2,331 sq mi)
Population

(2011)

• Total| 2,251,744
• Density| 394/km2 (1,020/sq mi)
Languages

• Official| Tamil
Time zone| UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN|

638***

ISO 3166 code| ISO 3166-2:IN
Vehicle registration| TN 33 (Erode East)
TN 36 (Gobichettipalayam)
TN 56 (Perundurai)
TN 86 (Erode West)[2]
Largest city| Erode
Sex ratio| 993/1000 ♀/♂
Literacy| 72.96%
Website| erode.nic.in

Erode District is one of the 38 districts in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It was the largest district by area in the state before the formation of Tirupur district in 2009 and is the third largest by area, as of 2024. The headquarters of the district is Erode. The district is divided into two revenue divisions, Erode and Gobichettipalayam, and is further subdivided into 10 taluks.

The district is landlocked and lies towards the mid of the Indian peninsula and is bordered by the state of Karnataka to the north. Western Ghats pass through the region and is watered by Kaveri River which meets its major tributary Bhavani in the district. It covers an area of 6,036 km2 (2,331 sq mi), and had a population of 2,251,744 as per the 2011 census. The major spoken language is Kongu Tamil, a dialect of Tamil. Hinduism is the major religion with nearly 94% adherents.

Archeological evidence from Kodumanal indicate that the region was ruled by the Cheras during the Sangam period (2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE) and it formed part of a ancient Roman trade route. The region was ruled by the Pandyas before the medieval Cholas conquered it in the 10th century CE. The region was ruled by Vijayanagara Empire in the 15th century followed by the Nayaks who introduced the Palayakkarar system. In the later part of the 18th century, the region came under the Kingdom of Mysore and after the Anglo-Mysore Wars, the British East India Company annexed the region to the Madras Presidency in 1799. The region played a prominent role in the Second Polygar War (1801) when it was the area of operations of Dheeran Chinnamalai. The district was part of the erstwhile Coimbatore district and came into existence on 17 September 1979.

The economy of the district is based predominantly on agriculture and textiles. The district is the top turmeric producer in Tamil Nadu, making up 43% of statewide production and is also a major producer of plantain, coconuts and white silk. The district is known for handloom and ready-made textile products. Erode Turmeric and Bhavani Jamakkalam are recognized Geographical Indications.

## History[edit]

Archaeological excavations from Kodumanal on the banks of the Noyyal River show traces of civilization from 4th century BCE.[3][4] Kodumanal is mentioned in Patiṟṟuppattu literature from the first century CE as a thriving industrial and commercial center.[5] The evidence indicates that the region was ruled by the Cheras during the Sangam period (2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE) and it formed part of a ancient Roman trade route.[6][7] The region was came under the influence of the Pandyas during the reign of Arikesari Maravarman in the seventh century CE.[8] Later, the region was ruled by various dynasties such as Rashtrakutas and Western Gangas.[9]

The medieval Cholas conquered the Kongu Nadu in the 10th century CE.[10] While the region was directly under the control of the Imperial Cholas till 1064 CE, the Kongu Cholas who were probably vassals or viceroys of the Cholas, ruled the region autonomously later starting.[10] These rulers bore the title Konattar and adopted Chola titles and surnames.[11] In the 13th century CE, after the death of Vikrama Chola II, the Pandyas under Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I annexed the region.[12] The rule of the Pandyas came to an end with the death of Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I in 1318 CE.[13] The Hoysalas ruled the region for sometime later with Vira Someshwara having a matrimonial alliance with both Pandyas and Cholas. After the defeat of Veera Ballala III of the Hoysalas, the region came under the control of the Delhi Sultanate.[14] In the 15th century, Vijayanagara empire defeated the Mughals and established sway over the region.[15][16]

After the Vijayanagara empire fell in 1646, the region was ruled by various Nayak governors of the erstwhile Vijayanagara empire who declared independence. They introduced the Palayakkarar system under which the region was divided into 24 Palayams(towns).[17] In the later part of the 18th century, the region came under the Kingdom of Mysore and after the Anglo-Mysore Wars, the British East India Company annexed the region to the Madras Presidency in 1799.[18] The region played a prominent role in the Second Polygar War (1801) when it was the area of operations of Dheeran Chinnamalai.[19] Later, the British Empire took control of the region from the British East India Company in 1857.[20] After Indian Independence in 1947, the region was part of the Madras State, which later became Tamil Nadu.[21] The district was part of the erstwhile Coimbatore district and came into existence on 17 September 1979.[1]

## Geography[edit]

Map of Erode region during 1955

To the north of Erode District lies Chamarajanagar district in Karnataka State. To the east, across the Kaveri River, lies Salem and Namakkal districts. To the southeast lies Karur district. Tirupur District lies immediately to the south. Coimbatore and Nilgiris districts lie to the west.

Erode District is landlocked, and is situated at between latitude 10 36" and 11 58" north and between longitude 76 49" and 77 58" east. The district forms the meeting point of the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats mountain ranges, separated by the Moyar River.

The district comprises a long undulating plain, sloping gently towards the Kaveri River in the south-east. The three major tributaries of the Kaveri, the Bhavani, Noyyal and Amaravati, run across the long stretch of mountains in the north. In combination with these rivers, numerous canals, the Bhavanisagar Dam and the Kodiveri Dam provide irrigation and drainage for Erode.

Bhavanisagar Dam across Bhavani River Kaveri River at Erode

### Bhavani River[edit]

Main article: Bhavani River

The Bhavani River rises in the Western Ghats of the Silent Valley National Park in the Palakkad District of Kerala. It is joined by the Siruvani River, a perennial stream of Coimbatore District, and is joined by the Kundha River before entering Erode District in Sathyamangalam. The Bhavani is perennial river, mostly fed by the southwest monsoon but also supplemented by the northeast monsoon. It runs for over one hundred miles through Erode District, crossing Bhavani and Gobichettipalayam taluks. Near Gobichettipalayam lies the Kodiveri Dam, a mini-dam constructed for agricultural purposes.

The river eventually feeds the Bhavanisagar reservoir, and then takes an easterly course after crossing Sathyamangalam taluk. Along with another tributary, the Amutha Nathi River, the Bhavani River ultimately joins the Kaveri River in Bhavani, Tamil Nadu. A confluence of three rivers, such as this one, is known as a Triveni Sangam in Hindu belief. The place where the Bhavani River joins with the Kaveri River is famous for the Sri Sangameshwara Temple of Lord Shiva, where, in accordance to Hindu customs, people perform the last rites for deceased friends and family.

### Kaveri River[edit]

Main article: Kaveri River

The Kaveri River rises in the Western Ghats of Kodagu (Coorg) District in Karnataka, and is joined by many small tributaries. It runs eastward through Karnataka, and is joined by its main tributary, the Kabini River, before taking a sharp southbound turn at Hogenakkal Falls. From here, it runs towards the southeast, forming the boundary between Bhavani taluk of Erode District and Tiruchengode taluk of the neighbouring Namakkal District. The Bhavani River joins the Kaveri River at the town of Bhavani.

## Demographics[edit]

Historical population

Year| 1901| 1911| 1921| 1931| 1941| 1951| 1961| 1971| 1981| 1991| 2001| 2011
Pop.| 629,892| 667,968| 725,434| 769,455| 886,108| 1,010,616| 1,106,528| 1,356,092| 1,587,604| 1,802,939| 2,016,582| 2,251,744
±% p.a.| — | +0.59%| +0.83%| +0.59%| +1.42%| +1.32%| +0.91%| +2.05%| +1.59%| +1.28%| +1.13%| +1.11%
source:[22]

Religions in Erode district (2011)[23]

Religion |  | Percent
Hinduism |

| 93.95%
Islam |

| 3.38%
Christianity |

| 2.48%
Other or not stated |

| 0.19%

According to the 2011 census, Erode District had a population of 2,251,744 with a sex-ratio of 993 females for every 1,000 males, above the national average of 929.[24] A total of 195,213 were under the age of six, constituting 99,943 males and 95,270 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 16.41% and 0.97% of the population, respectively. The literacy rate of the district was 66.29%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[25] The district had a total of 658,071 households. There were 1,195,773 workers: 173,376 cultivators, 331,414 main agricultural labourers, 48,960 in household industries, 557,301 other workers, 84,722 marginal workers, 38,798 marginal agricultural labourers, 5,362 marginal workers in household industries, 4,794 marginal cultivators and 35,768 other marginal workers.[24]

Languages of Erode district (2011)[26]

Tamil (87.76%)

Telugu (7.32%)

Kannada (2.40%)

Urdu (1.14%)

Others (1.38%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 81.76% of the population spoke Tamil, 10.32% Telugu, 5.40% Kannada and 1.14% Urdu as their first language.[26]

## Climate[edit]

Western Ghats as seen from Gobichettipalayam

Unlike nearby Coimbatore District, Erode district's climate is characterized by dry weather throughout the year, except during the break-in monsoon period, when it receives high rainfall. The cool, moist wind that passes through the Palghat Gap in the Western Ghats has a moderating effect on the climate of neighbouring Coimbatore district, but the air loses its coolness and becomes dry by the time it reaches Erode. Gunderipallam, Varattupallam are the highest rainfall (1200 MM) in this district.

Generally, the first two months of the year are pleasant, but in March the temperature begins to rise, which persists until the end of May, when the highest temperatures are normally recorded. The few rain showers during this period do not provide much relief from the heat. However, the temperature reverses its rising trend during the pre-monsoon period, between June and August. By September, the monsoon rains begin to fall. The northeast monsoon sets in vigorously during October–November. By December, the rains end, returning the climate to its dry and cold state.

But Erode district receives water source from two rivers named Bhavani river and Kaveri river. These two rivers mingle at a point called Kooduthurai.

## Politics[edit]

This section is transcluded from 16th Tamil Nadu Assembly. (edit | history)

Source:[27][28] District  | No.  | Constituency  | Name  | Party  | Alliance  | Remarks

|
|
|
|
|
|

Erode | 98  | Erode (East) | E. V. K. S. Elangovan |  | Indian National Congress |  | SPA |
99  | Erode (West) | S. Muthusamy |  | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |  | SPA |
100  | Modakkurichi | C. Saraswathi |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |
Erode | 103  | Perundurai | S. Jayakumar |  | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |  | None |
104  | Bhavani | K. C. Karuppannan |  | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |  | None |
105  | Anthiyur | A. G. Venkatachalam |  | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |  | SPA |
106  | Gobichettipalayam | K. A. Sengottaiyan |  | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |  | None |
107  | Bhavanisagar (SC) | A. Bannari |  | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |  | None |

## Administration[edit]

Erode District Collector's Office

For administrative purposes, Erode District is divided into ten taluks under two revenue divisions.[29]

### Revenue Divisions and Taluks[edit]

Erode Revenue Division:Erode taluk, Kodumudi taluk, Modakurichi taluk, Perundurai taluk

Gobichettipalayam Revenue Division: Anthiyur taluk, Bhavani taluk, Gobichettipalayam taluk, Sathyamangalam taluk, Nambiyur taluk, Thalavadi taluk

### Municipal Corporation[edit]

1. Erode Municipal Corporation

### Municipalities[edit]

1. Gobichettipalayam Selection Grade Municipality
2. Sathyamangalam Grade-I municipality
3. Bhavani Grade-II municipality
4. Punjai Puliampatti Grade-II municipality

### Town Panchayats[edit]

1. Ammapettai
2. Anthiyur
3. Appakudal
4. Arachalur
5. Ariyappampalayam
6. Athani
7. Avalpoondurai
8. Bhavanisagar
9. Chennasamudram
10. Chennimalai
11. Chithode
12. Elathur
13. Jambai
14. Kanjikoil
15. Karumandi Chellipalayam
16. Kasipalayam-Gobi
17. Kembainaickenpalayam
18. Kilampadi
19. Kodumudi
20. Kolappalur
21. Kollankoil
22. Kuhalur
23. Lakkampatti
24. Modakurichi
25. Nallampatti
26. Nambiyur
27. Nasiyanur
28. Nerunjipettai
29. Olagadam
30. P. Mettupalayam
31. Pallapalayam
32. Pasur
33. Periyakodiveri
34. Perundurai
35. Pethampalayam
36. Salangapalayam
37. Sivagiri
38. Suriyampalayam
39. Unjalur
40. Vadugapatti
41. Vaniputhur
42. Vellottamparappu
43. Vengampudur

### Proposed Municipalities[edit]

1. Perundurai

### Proposed Town Panchayats[edit]

1. Thoockanaickenpalaiyam

### Panchayat Unions / Blocks[edit]

1. Erode
2. Modakurichi
3. Kodumudi
4. Perundurai
5. Chennimalai
6. Ammapettai
7. Anthiyur
8. Bhavani
9. Bhavanisagar
10. Gobichettipalayam
11. Nambiyur
12. Sathyamangalam
13. Thalavadi
14. Thoockanaickenpalaiyam

## Politics[edit]

Erode District is divided into three Parliamentary Constituencies of the Lok Sabha: Erode, Nilgiris and Tirupur. The district consists of eight Assembly Constituencies of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly: Anthiyur, Bhavani, Bhavani Sagar, Erode East, Erode West, Gobichettipalayam, Modakurichi and Perundurai.

## Economy[edit]

Paddy fields near Gobichettipalayam Fabrics and rugs made in Erode are famous

Agriculture is the most important source of income in Erode District. Paddy, plantain, silk, cotton, turmeric, coconut and sugarcane are some of the major products from agriculture and its associated industries.

Erode is the top turmeric producer in Tamil Nadu, making up 43% of statewide production.[30] Erode is an important market centre for turmeric, being known as "Turmeric City." March 2019, turmeric from Erode received a Geographical Indication tag from the Geographical Indication Registry,[31] making Erode Manjal Vanigarkal Matrum Kidangu Urimaiyalargal Sangam the registered proprietors of the Geographical Indication Erode Manjal (Erode Turmeric).[32]

Erode is also the leading producer of plantain, coconuts and white silk in Tamil Nadu.[33]

Gobichettipalayam is well known for its white silk, cotton, plantain and coconut production. Erode is one of the major producers of food products in the state. The country's first automated silk reeling unit is located near Gobichettipalayam.

Erode (city), Bhavani and Chennimalai are well known for handloom and powerloom textile products and ready-made garments. In 2005, Bhavani Jamakkalam (Bhavani Bedsheets) was registered as a Geographical Indication.[34]

Anthiyur and Modachur (Gobichettipalayam) towns are famous for cattle.

## Transport[edit]

Erode Junction railway station Meenakshi Sundaranar Salai in Erode NH 544 Bypass near Chithode

The transportation system in Erode is well-developed. Erode, being a prominent trading center in Tamil Nadu, is well-connected with all modern means of transport, except air transport. The district is accessible by both road and rail from the state capital Chennai and other major cities. The district is divided into four Regional Transport Office (RTO) sub-divisions, namely Erode East (TN 33), Gobichettipalayam (TN 36), Perundurai (TN 56) and Erode West (TN 86). Gobichettipalayam RTO has two sub-offices, namely Bhavani (TN 36W) and Sathyamangalam (TN 36Z).

### Railways[edit]

The district has one major railway station, Erode Junction. It was built by the British to connect the western and eastern coasts of India. There are ISO-certified diesel and electric locomotive sheds at Erode Junction. Erode Junction, which has the distinction of being the third cleanest railway junction in India, serves as the hub for water filling facilities and food provisions.

### Roadways[edit]

The district is well-connected by road. The following is a list of major arterial roads:

National Highways

* NH-544 connecting Salem – Coimbatore – Cochin – Kanyakumari passes via Bhavani, Chithode and Perundurai
* NH-948 connecting Bangalore – Coimbatore passes via Sathyamangalam
* NH-544H connecting Erode – Bhavani – Mettur Dam – Thoppur
* NH 381A connects Vellakoil on NH-81 with Erode and further to Sankagiri on NH-544.

Proposed Highways

* NH 67-A, connecting Karur – Erode
* NH 209-A, connecting Sathyamangalam – Gobichettipalayam – Erode

State Highways

* SH-15 connecting Erode – Gobichettipalayam – Sathyamangalam – Mettupalayam \- Ooty
* SH-15A connecting Gobichettipalayam – Nambiyur – Avinashi
*   * SH-83A connecting Mettur – Erode – Arachalur – Kangeyam – Dharapuram
* SH-79 connecting Erode – Tiruchengode – Rasipuram – Attur
* SH-81 connecting Gobichettipalayam – Uthukuli – Kangeyam – Dharapuram
* SH-82 connecting Sathyamangalam – Athani – Bhavani
* SH-84 connecting Erode – Kodumudi – Karur
* SH-96 connecting Erode – Perundurai – Chennimalai – Kangeyam

The Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation, headquartered at Erode (originally called as Jeeva Transport Corporation), serves inter- and intra-city routes. The State Express Bus Corporation (SETC) operates express bus services from Erode and Gobichettipalayam to major cities across the state. Erode Central Bus Terminus, which serves as a major hub, is one of the largest in the state. Due to its proximity to the states Karnataka and Kerala, Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation and Kerala State Road Transport Corporation buses also operate in the district.

### Airways[edit]

The nearest airport is the Coimbatore International Airport located in the nearby Coimbatore district.

### Waterways[edit]

Navigable waterways are available in the district at Nerinjipettai and Nattatreeswarar Temple.

## Communication[edit]

The district is served by extensive postal, telegraph and telephone networks. The district is divided into two postal divisions, namely Erode and Gobichettipalayam. There are three head post offices at Erode, Bhavani and Gobichettipalayam, in addition to 319 other post offices. The district is serviced by almost all leading mobile phone operators in India.

## Education[edit]

Erode district has several facilities for higher education. The district is divided into two educational districts, Gobichettipalayam and Erode. Former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.Ramachandran started IRT Perundurai Medical College which is now renamed as Erode Medical College at Perundurai and an Engineering College "Institute of Road and Transport Technology" as the Automobile Research oriented Institute for the welfare of workers of Tamil Nadu State Transport Coorporation in 1984 which is now renamed as Government Engineering college, Erode. IRTT is one of the top 10 Government Engineering Colleges in Tamil Nadu. Other institutions include Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Vellalar Institutions, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Kongu Engineering College, and Nandha college of technology.

Pariyur Kondathu Kaliamman Temple Bannari Amman Temple

## Places of interest[edit]

Erode has many places of interest, attracting tourists from all over the state and other neighboring states. Notable ones include:

* Bargur hills, Anthiyur
* Bannari Amman Temple, Bannari
* Bhavanisagar Dam, Bhavanisagar
* Sangameswarar Temple, Bhavani
* Chennimalai Murugan temple, Chennimalai
* Kodiveri Dam, Gobichettipalayam
* Pachaimalai Subramanya Swamy Temple, Gobichettipalayam
* Pariyur Kondathu Kaliamman Temple, Gobichettipalayam
* Gobi boat house, Gobichettipalayam
* Kunderipallam Dam, Gobichettipalayam
* Sathyamangalam Tiger reserve
* Perumpallam dam, Sathyamangalam
* Government Museum, Erode
* Thindal Murugan Temple, Erode
* Vellode Birds Sanctuary, Erode
* Magudeshwarar Temple, Kodumudi
* Sadayappasamy Temple, kandasamypalayam
* Vijayamangalam Jain temple

## Notable people[edit]

Further information: People from Erode district

## See also[edit]

* List of districts of Tamil Nadu

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b "Erode District - District At a Glance". Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
2. ^ "List of RTOs" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
3. ^ Singh, Upinder (2009). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Addison Wesley. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
4. ^ Rajan, K.; Athiyaman, N. (2004). "Traditional Gemstone Cutting Technology of Kongu Region in Tamil Nadu" (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 39 (4): 385–414. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
5. ^ Sasisekaran, B.; Raghunatha Rao, B. (1999). "Technology of Iron and Steel in Kodumanal, an ancient industrial center in Tamil Nadu" (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 34 (4). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
6. ^ "On the Roman Trail". The Hindu. 21 January 2008. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
7. ^ "Stone spell". The Hindu. 19 March 2005. Archived from the original on 28 June 2006.
8. ^ Mahajan, Vidya Dhar (1968). Ancient India. S. Chand. p. 570\. ISBN 978-9-352-53132-5.
9. ^ Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2017). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 217\. ISBN 978-1-538-10686-0.
10. ^ a b Ali, Daud (2007). "The Service Retinues of the Chola Court". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 70 (3): 487–509. doi:10.1017/S0041977X0700081X. ISSN 0041-977X. JSTOR 40378936. S2CID 162530217. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
11. ^ Thangamani, M.R. (1982). New Light on the History of the Kongu Cholas. Erode. p. 77.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
12. ^ Chettiar, C.M. Ramachandra (1987). History of Kongu Nadu. Madras. p. 150.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
13. ^ Sethuraman, N (1978). The imperial Pandyas: Mathematics reconstructs the chronology. Kumbakonam. p. 174.
14. ^ Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999). Ancient Indian History and Civilization (2nd ed.). New Age Publishers. p. 199\. ISBN 978-81-224-1198-0.
15. ^ Sastri, Nilakanta (1976). A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar. Oxford University Press. pp. 7, 69, 179, 199, 214, 239. ISBN 978-0-1956-0686-7.
16. ^ Arokiaswami, M (1956). The Kongu Country. Madras. p. 329.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
17. ^ "The land called Kongunad". The Hindu. 19 November 2005. Archived from the original on 28 May 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
18. ^ Rajayyan, K. (1974). Rise and Fall of the Poligars of Tamilnadu. University of Madras. p. 2.
19. ^ "Chinnamalai, a lesser-known freedom fighter of Kongu soil". The Hindu. 2 August 2008. Archived from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2008.
20. ^ Hibbert, Christopher (1 March 2000). Great Mutiny: India 1857. Penguin. p. 221\. ISBN 978-0-1400-4752-3.
21. ^ "Article 1". Constitution of India. Government of India. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
22. ^ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
23. ^ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Tamil Nadu". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
24. ^ a b "District Census Handbook 2011 - Erode" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
25. ^ "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
26. ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
27. ^ "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Here's full list of winners". CNBCTV18. 3 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
28. ^ "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Full list of winners". www.indiatvnews.com. 2 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
29. ^ "NPR Report: Tamil Nadu: Erode". National Population Register, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2011. Archived from the original on 28 April 2013.
30. ^ "Agriculture in Tamil Nadu" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
31. ^ "Erode Manjal (Erode Turmeric)". Geographical Indications Registry. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
32. ^ "Erode Turmeric gets GI tag".
33. ^ "The changing industrial landscape of Erode". The Hindu. 8 February 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
34. ^ "REGISTRATION DETAILS OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS" (PDF). Intellectual Property India | Government of India. 25 October 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2019.

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Erode district.

* Erode District

* v
* t
* e

Erode district

District headquarters|

* Erode

Country|

* India

State|

* Tamil Nadu

Region|

* Kongu Nadu

Divisions|

* Erode
* Gobichettipalayam

Taluks|

* Anthiyur
* Bhavani
* Erode
* Gobichettipalayam
* Kodumudi
* Modakurichi
* Nambiyur
* Perundurai
* Sathyamangalam
* Thalavadi

Municipal corporations|

* Erode Municipal Corporation

Municipalities|

| Selection grade|

* Gobichettipalayam

|

Grade I|

* Sathyamangalam

Grade II|

* Bhavani
* Punjai Puliampatti

Major panchayat towns|

* Anthiyur
* Athani
* Chennimalai
* Kavandapadi
* Kodumudi
* Nambiyur
* Perundurai
* Sivagiri

Water resources|

| Rivers|

* Amaravati
* Bhavani
* Kaveri
* Kundha
* Uppar
* Noyyal

|

Dams and reservoirs|

* Bhavanisagar
* Kodiveri
* Perumpallam
* Kalingarayan
* Varattupallam

Canals|

* Kalingarayan
* LBP
* Perumpallam
* Pichaikaranpallam

History|

* Early Cholas
* Kalabhras
* Pallavas
* Medieval Cholas
* Later Cholas
* Pandyas
* Delhi Sultanate
* Madurai Sultanate
* Vijayanagar Empire
* British Raj

Protected areas|

* Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
* Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve
* Thanthai Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
* Vellode Birds Sanctuary

Temples|

* Anthiyur Gurunatha Swamy Temple
* Bannari Amman Temple
* Chennimalai Dhandayuthapani Temple
* Kodumudi Magudeswarar Temple
* Pachaimalai Subramanya Swamy Temple
* Pariyur Kondathu Kaliamman Temple
* Pavalamalai Muthukumaraswamy Temple
* Erode Periya Mariamman Temple
* Erode Nattatreeswarar Temple
* Bhavani Sangameswarar Temple
* Sivanmalai Subramaniar Temple
* Thindal Murugan Temple

Places of interest|

* Dheeran Chinnamalai Memorial
* EVR House

* Cities and towns
* People
* Villages

* v
* t
* e

State of Tamil Nadu

Capital: Chennai

State
symbols|

* Seal: Srivilliputhur Andal temple tower
* Animal: Nilgiri tahr
* Bird: Emerald dove
* Flower: Gloriosa lily
* Fruit: Jackfruit
* Tree: Palm tree
* Butterfly: Cirrochroa Thais

Governance|

* Governors
* Chief ministers
* Deputy chief ministers
* Legislative Assembly
* Political parties
* Raj Bhavan
* Chennai
* Ooty
* High Court
* Police

Topics|

* Cinema
* Cuisine
* Economy
* Government
* History
* Language
* Literature
* Music
* People
* Education
* Sports
* Politics
* Temples
* Protected areas
* Radio on Internet
* Highest point
* Wildlife
* Sexual minorities
* Tourism
* Kaveri River water dispute
* State Day

Major cities|

* Chennai
* Coimbatore
* Madurai
* Tiruchirappalli
* Tiruppur
* Salem

Districts|

* Ariyalur
* Chengalpattu
* Chennai
* Coimbatore
* Cuddalore
* Dharmapuri
* Dindigul
* Erode
* Kallakurichi
* Kanchipuram
* Kanyakumari
* Karur
* Krishnagiri
* Madurai
* Mayiladuthurai
* Nagapattinam
* Namakkal
* Nilgiris
* Perambalur
* Pudukkottai
* Ramanathapuram
* Ranipet
* Salem
* Sivaganga
* Tenkasi
* Thanjavur
* Theni
* Thoothukudi
* Tiruchirappalli
* Tirunelveli
* Tirupathur
* Tiruppur
* Tiruvallur
* Tiruvannamalai
* Tiruvarur
* Vellore
* Viluppuram
* Virudhunagar

Lists|

* Districts in Tamil Nadu by HDI
* Cities in Tamil Nadu by population
* Towns in Tamil Nadu by population
* Revenue divisions in Tamil Nadu

India portal

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* Israel
* United States

*[Pop.]: Population
*[±% p.a.]: Per annum growth rate
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template