Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church

Protestant-oriented Christian denomination in Estonia

Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church

Eesti Evangeelne Luterlik Kirik
Classification| Christian
Orientation| Protestant
Theology| High church Lutheranism
Polity| Episcopal-Synodal
Primate| Urmas Viilma
Associations| Lutheran World Federation,
World Council of Churches,
Conference of European Churches,
Porvoo Communion
Community of Protestant Churches in Europe
Region| Estonia
Origin| 28 April 1949
Congregations| 164
Members| 180,000 (2014)[1]
Official website| http://www.eelk.ee/
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St Mary's Cathedral, Tallinn St. John's Church, Tartu Alexander Cathedral, Narva

The Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church (EELC; Estonian: Eesti Evangeelne Luterlik Kirik, abbreviated EELK) is a Lutheran church in Estonia. EELC is member of the Lutheran World Federation and belongs to the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe. It is also a member of the Porvoo Communion, putting it in full communion with the Church of England and other Anglican churches in Europe.

## History

[edit]

The Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church was constituted in 1949, when the previous church hierarchy, Eesti Evangeeliumi Luteriusu Kirik, which was formed in 1919 and headed by bishop Johan Kõpp, had escaped to Sweden in 1944. When the Soviet Union invaded Estonia in 1940, most Christian organizations were dissolved, church property was confiscated, theologians were exiled to Siberia, and religious education programs were outlawed. World War II later brought devastation to many church buildings. It was not until 1988 that church activities were renewed when a movement for religious tolerance began in the Soviet Union.

Although women had studied theology at Tartu University in the 1920s and some had sought ordination as priests, it was not until 1967 that the first woman, Laine Villenthal, was ordained. In 2014, the church reported that there were 169 men and 43 women serving as ministers.[2]

While the EELC is not an established church, until 2023 it enjoyed a preferential status not extended to other churches in Estonia. In May 2023, Interior Minister Lauri Läänemets said that the state cannot favour one church over others, adding that a committee would be created involving the ecumenical Estonian Council of Churches.[3]

## Leadership

[edit]

The Church of Estonia is episcopal in polity and is led by five bishops, including the archbishop who serves as the Primate.[4] The archbishop has overall authority, and under his authority there are four jurisdictions, each with its own bishop.

Diocese  | Cathedral  | See  | Current bishop

|
|
|

Archdiocese of Tallinn  | St Mary's Cathedral, Tallinn | Tallinn | Urmas Viilma (Primate of Estonia)
Diocese of the West and Isles  | St. Lawrence's Church, Kuressaare  | Kuressaare | Anti Toplaan
Diocese of the Southern Estonia  | John the Evangelist Church, Viljandi | Viljandi | Marko Tiitus
Diocese of the Northern Estonia  | St Mary's Cathedral, Tallinn | Tallinn | Ove Sander

Following the retirement of Andres Põder as archbishop, the current archbishop is Urmas Viilma, was consecrated on 2 February 2015.[5]

During the Soviet occupation of Estonia, the Archbishop went into exile, which resulted in the formation of a parallel church, the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church Abroad. Until 2010, this body was independent, with its own archbishop based in Canada. In 2010 the two churches reunited, and the former overseas church became a diocese of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church, known as the Extra-Estonian Diocese (Estonian: Välis-Eesti piiskopkond).[6]

## Bishops and Archbishops of Tallinn and Primates

[edit]

* Jaan Kiivit Sr. (1949–1967) (First Archbishop)
* Alfred Tooming (1967–1977)
* Edgar Hark (1978–1986)
* Kuno Pajula (1987–1994)
* Jaan Kiivit Jr. (1994–2005)
* Andres Põder (2005–2014)
* Urmas Viilma (2015–present)

## Membership

[edit]

As of February 2009, the EELC reported approximately 160,000 baptized members and the EELC Abroad (based in Canada) reported approximately 8,000 baptized members.[7] A previous figure broke down the EELC Abroad into 3,508 members with 12 clergy in the USA and 5,536 members with 11 clergy in Canada.[8] In 2014, the Lutheran World Federation reported the number of registered members as being 180,000.[1] The church reported that it had served 143,895 communicants.[2]

## Social issues

[edit]

The church has both theologically conservative and liberal members.[2] The church does ordain women to the priesthood, unlike the more conservative Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia and Evangelical Lutheran Church of Lithuania. In an interview, Archbishop Urmas Viilma stated that the church allows women ordination and "will continue to do so". The church disapproves of homosexual unions, believing marriage is the sacred union of a man and a woman. It only allows celibate gay ministers to be ordained. However, Archbishop Viilma did state that if same-sex marriage is legalized in the country, "then the church will clearly need to redefine itself", but he also stated that "we clearly interpret the Bible to say that practicing homosexuality is sin...but we all are equal in God’s eyes and welcome in church."[9] Archbishop Viilma announced his support for civil unions and agreed to be a part of a panel working in 2021 on a proposal to pass a bill to define marriage as heterosexual and to strengthen the civil partnership registration with equal rights for same-sex couples.[10][11] In 2023, in response to the legalization of same-sex marriage in Estonia, the church reaffirmed its position that clergy could only perform or bless heterosexual marriages.[12][13] Archbishop Viilma opposed the legalization of same-sex marriage, arguing that the government could improve the "Cohabitation Act" and that civil unions were sufficient for same-sex couples.[14] The Lutherans leaned toward opposing the death penalty, although they took no official stance, and the church does not have a committee "dealing with social-political questions".[15]

## Awards conferred by EELC

[edit]

There are three awards conferred by EELC:

1. Cross of Merit of EELC (Estonian: EELK teeneterist)
2. (Estonian: EELK teeneteristi tunnustusmärk)
3. (Estonian: EELK kuldrist).[16]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Churches in Estonia". lutheranworld.org. Lutheran World Federation. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
2. ^ a b c "No obvious option for Lutheran archbishop - Local News - Estonian news in English". Postimees. 24 November 2014. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
3. ^ "Estonian government ends long-standing agreement with Lutheran Church". ERR News. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
4. ^ Bishops named here (Estonian).
5. ^ Consecration date stated here (Estonian).
6. ^ Details of reunion at World Council of Churches website.
7. ^ LWF Statistics 2009 Archived August 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
8. ^ A Brief Study of the Lutheran Churches in America Archived 2010-11-21 at the Wayback Machine
9. ^ Koch, Tuuli (27 November 2014). "All have sinned". postimees.ee. Postimes. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
10. ^ Sooäär, Imre (2021-01-18). "Imre Sooäär: It is time for a social contract on partnership". ERR. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
11. ^ "EELK head: Marriage should be defined in Constitution as between man, woman". ERR. 2017-11-30. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
12. ^ "Estonia's Lutheran clergy to continue registering only man-woman marriages". ERR. 2023-10-18. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
13. ^ Tambur, Silver (2023-10-18). "The Estonian Lutheran Church: The clergy can only officiate a marriage of a man and a woman". Estonian World. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
14. ^ Otsmaa, Margitta (2023-04-19). "Archbishop: Coalition acts like a thief pushing through marriage equality". ERR. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
15. ^ Bourdeaux, Michael (1995-01-01). The Politics of Religion in Russia and the New States of Eurasia. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-1-56324-356-1.
16. ^ "Kirikuseadustik". eelk.ee. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2024.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website
* The History Files Churches of Estonia
* Map of Church in Tallinn
* Map of Church in Tartu

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Christianity in Estonia

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|

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|

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Europe & Western Asia|

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Asia|

* Central Sulawesi Christian Church
* Christian Church of Sumba
* Christian Evangelical Church in Minahasa
* Christian Evangelical Church in Sangihe-Talaud
* Church of Christ in Thailand
* Church of North India
* Church of Pakistan
* Church of South India
* East Java Christian Church
* Evangelical Christian Church in Halmahera
* Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Iran
* Evangelical Church in Kalimantan
* Hong Kong Council of the Church of Christ in China
* Indonesian Christian Church Synod
* Javanese Christian Churches
* Karo Batak Protestant Church
* Korean Christian Church in Japan
* Mara Evangelical Church
* National Evangelical Synod of Syria and Lebanon
* Pasundan Christian Church
* Presbyterian Church in Taiwan
* Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea
* Presbyterian Church of Korea
* Presbyterian Church of Pakistan
* Protestant Christian Church in Bali
* Protestant Church in Indonesia
* Protestant Church in Southeast Sulawesi
* Protestant Church in the Moluccas
* Protestant Church in Western Indonesia
* Protestant Church in East Timor
* Protestant Evangelical Church in Timor
* Toraja Church

Europe|

* Church of Scotland
* Czechoslovak Hussite Church
* Dutch Reformed Church
* Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren
* Evangelical Church of the Augsburg and Helvetic Confessions in Austria
* Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Portugal
* Greek Evangelical Church
* Presbyterian Church of Wales
* Protestant Church in Germany
* Church of Lippe
* Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany

* Protestant Church in the Netherlands
* Protestant Church of Switzerland
* Reformed Christian Church in Serbia
* Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia
* Reformed Church in Hungary
* Reformed Church in Romania
* Remonstrant Brotherhood
* Spanish Evangelical Church

North America|

* Hungarian Reformed Church in America
* Presbyterian Church in Canada
* Presbyterian Church (USA)
* Reformed Church in America

Latin America|

* Evangelical Church of the River Plate
* Independent Presbyterian Church of Brazil
* Presbyterian Church of Colombia
* Presbyterian Church of Trinidad and Tobago
* Presbyterian-Reformed Church in Cuba

Oceania|

* Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa
* Congregational Christian Church in Samoa
* Congregational Christian Church of Niue
* Congregational Christian Church of Tuvalu
* Evangelical Church in New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands
* Kiribati Uniting Church
* Maohi Protestant Church
* Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand
* Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu

United christianity

Africa|

* United Church of Christ in Zimbabwe
* United Church of Zambia
* United Congregational Church of Southern Africa
* Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa
* Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa

Asia|

* China Christian Council
* Church of Bangladesh
* Union of the Armenian Evangelical Churches in the Near East
* United Church of Christ in Japan
* United Church of Christ in the Philippines

Europe|

* Protestant Church in Germany
* Bremen
* Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Oberlausitz
* Rhineland
* Anhalt
* Kurhessen-Waldeck
* Palatinate
* Westphalia
* Baden
* Hesse and Nassau
* Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine
* Union of Welsh Independents
* United Free Church of Scotland
* United Protestant Church in Belgium
* United Protestant Church of France
* Uniting Church in Sweden
* Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches

North America|

* International Council of Community Churches
* United Church of Canada
* United Church of Christ

Latin America|

* United Church in Jamaica and the Cayman Islands
* United Presbyterian Church of Brazil
* United Protestant Church of Curaçao

Oceania|

* United Church in Papua New Guinea
* United Church in the Solomon Islands
* United Church of Christ - Congregational in the Marshall Islands
* Uniting Church in Australia

Africa
AACC
OAIC
Asia
CCA
NCCA
NCCP
MECC
PCC
Europe
CEC
CCCAAE
Latin America
CCC
LACC
North America
CCE
NCC

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* United States
* Czech Republic

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