European Democrats

Former conservative political group of the European Parliament

For other uses, see European Democrats (disambiguation).

European Democrats

European Parliament group
Name| European Democrats
English abbr.| ED[1][2][3]
French abbr.| DE[4]
Formal name| European Democratic Group[3][5]
Ideology| Conservatism[6]
Economic liberalism[6]
Euroscepticism[6]
Political position| Centre-right[7] to right-wing[8]
From| 17 July 1979[4]
To| 1 May 1992[4]
Preceded by| European Conservative Group
Succeeded by| European People's Party–European Democrats
Chaired by| James Scott-Hopkins,[5]
Henry Plumb,[9]
Christopher Prout[10]
MEP(s)| 63 (17 July 1979)
50 (23 July 1984)
34 (25 July 1989)
Part of a series on

Conservatism in Europe

Ideologies

* Christian democracy
* Christian right
* Counter-revolution
* Counter-enlightenment
* Integralism
* Liberal conservatism
* Economic
* Ordo
* Monarchism
* New Right
* Nouvelle Droite
* One-nation conservatism
* Perennialism
* Postliberalism
* Radical conservatism
* Toryism

Principles

* Chivalry
* Christian values
* Civilizational impact
* Protestant work ethic
* Cultural heritage
* Culture of life
* Pro-Life
* Elitism
* Aristocracy
* Meritocracy
* Noblesse oblige
* Ethnofuturism
* Ethnic pluralism
* Europe of 100 Flags
* Familialism
* Gender roles
* Complementarianism
* Law and order
* Medievalism
* Monarchism
* Royalism
* Opposition to immigration
* Ordered liberty
* Organicism
* Paideia
* Pan-European identity
* Euroscepticism
* Nationalist
* Federalist
* Patriotism
*  Property rights
* Public morality
* Rule of law
* Social hierarchy
* Social institutions
* Social order
* Sovereignty
* State religion
* Subsidiarity
* Tradition
* Metamodern
* Western values
* Occidentalism

Intellectuals

* Johnson
* Hume
* Burke
* More
* Maistre
* Bonald
* Haller
* Chateaubriand
* Coleridge
* Savigny
* Carlyle
* Newman
* Tocqueville
* Cortés
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* Eliade
* Kuehnelt-Leddihn
* Fouéré
* Koselleck
* Ye'or
* Scruton
* Hitchens
* Dugin
* Peterson

Literature

* Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790)
* Christianity or Europe (1799)
* Considerations on France (1796)
* Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism (1798)
* The Genius of Christianity (1802)
* Elements of the Philosophy of Right (1820)
* Democracy in America (1835)
* The Decline of the West (1918, 1922)
* The Concept of the Political (1932)
* "The Peace" (1943)
* The Death of the West (2001)
* While Europe Slept (2006)
* Reflections on the Revolution in Europe (2009)
* We Are Doomed (2009)
* How to Be a Conservative (2014)
* The Strange Death of Europe (2017)

Politicians

* Pitt
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* Metternich
* Disraeli
* Bismarck
* Salisbury
* Dmowski
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* von Coudenhove-Kalergi
* Powell
* von Habsburg
* Thatcher
* Kohl
* Fortuyn
* Putin
* Orbán
* Wilders
* Meloni

Organizations

* Center for European Renewal
* Centrist Democrat International
* Edmund Burke Stichting
* European Conservatives Group
and Democratic Alliance
* European Democrats
* Europe of Sovereign Nations Group
* Europe of Sovereign Nations (party)
* European Conservatives
and Reformists Group
* European Conservatives
and Reformists Party
* European People's Party
* European People's Party Group
* International Monarchist League
* Libertas.eu
* The Movement
* Movement for European Reform
* NatCon
* Patriots for Europe
* Pegida
* Stop Islamisation of Europe

Media

* The European Conservative EU
* Le Figaro (Fr)
* 'Nouvelle École (FR)
* 'NZZ (CH)

Personal variants

* Berlusconism
* Bonapartism
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Historical background

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* Conservatism portal
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* v
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The European Democratic Group, more commonly known as European Democrats, was a conservative political group that operated in the European Parliament between 1979 and 1992. At its height in July 1979, it had 63 MEPs.

Ideologically, ED was more Eurosceptic and right-wing than its centre-right rival European People's Party (EPP). Its members included parties such as the UK Conservative Party of Margaret Thatcher, Danish Conservative People's Party, and Spanish People's Alliance. In 1992, ED became a subgroup of EPP, now the European People's Party–European Democrats. ED split from EPP in 2009 to re-create the group as the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists.

## European Democrats in the European Parliament

[edit]

### 1979–1992

[edit]

The European Democratic Group[3][5] (ED) was formed on 17 July 1979[4] by British Conservative Party, Danish Conservative People's Party and other MEPs after their success in the 1979 elections. It supplanted the earlier European Conservative Group.

In the late seventies and early eighties, the ED was the third-largest political group in the European Parliament.

However, the group saw its membership fall sharply in the late 1980s, as many centre-right members moved to the rival European People's Party (EPP), dominated by the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU), Italian Christian Democrats and the ideology of Christian democracy in general. The ED had been somewhat further from the political centre and less pro-European than the EPP. Largely isolated, even hardline eurosceptics like Margaret Thatcher conceded that the British Conservatives could not be effectively heard from such a peripheral group.

### 1992–1999

[edit]

On 1 May 1992,[4] the ED (now largely composed of UK Conservative Party members) dissolved, and its remaining members were accorded "associated party" status in the European People's Party Group (EPP Group); that is, being part of the parliamentary group without retaining actual membership in the European People's Party (EPP) itself. This was considered essential for the Conservatives, as the EPP was generally seen as quite favourable to European integration, a stance at odds with their core ideology. The Conservatives' relationship to the EPP would become a sore point in the following years, particularly for the eurosceptic general membership in Britain. Then-leader of the British Conservative Party William Hague hoped to put the issue to rest by negotiating a new arrangement in 1999 by which the EPP's parliamentary group would rebrand itself as the European People's Party–European Democrats (EPP-ED), with the "European Democrat" nomenclature returning after a seven-year hiatus. This was intended to nominally underscore the Conservatives' status apart from the rest of EPP, and it was hoped that with the coming enlargement of the European Union numerous newly involved right-wing parties, averse to the EPP proper for its perceived European federalism, would be willing to instead enter the ED subgroup, growing the overall alignment.

### 1999–2009

[edit]

The arrangement proved to do little to appease opposition. Hague's successor, Iain Duncan Smith, made a concerted drive at one point to resurrect the European Democratic Group, but backed off when it became clear that Conservative MEPs would not move voluntarily. The hope that multiple Central and European parties would join ED also proved to be dubious, as only the Czech Civic Democratic Party took up the offer, with the remainder joining EPP proper or other groups such as Union for Europe of the Nations (UEN) or Independence and Democracy (IND/DEM). Meanwhile, the ED remained a more eurosceptic subgroup within the broader EPP-ED bloc that contributed slightly more than 10% of its total MEPs. It resisted the trend of incorporating as a European political party.

During the 2005 Conservative leadership contest, eventual winner David Cameron pledged to withdraw the Conservatives from the EPP-ED group, while opponent David Davis argued in a letter to the editor of The Daily Telegraph that the current ED arrangement allowed the Conservatives to maintain suitable distance from EPP while still having influence in the largest parliamentary grouping. Conservative/EPP-ED MEP Martin Callanan responded in that paper the following day:

> SIR - David Davis (Letter, November 10) is sadly misinformed about our Conservative MEPs' relationship with the European People's Party (EPP) in the European Parliament. He claims that "Conservatives are members of the European Democrat group, which forms an alliance with the EPP". In reality, though, the ED does not exist. It has no staff or money and is, in effect, a discussion group within the EPP. […] Far from being a symbolic step, as Mr Davis suggests, leaving the EPP is the one hard, bankable commitment to have come out of this leadership campaign.[11]

The Czech Civic Democratic Party (ODS), the Law and Justice (PiS) of Poland and the Rally For France party were among the first to discuss forming a breakaway group under the Movement for European Reform. Sir Reg Empey, Leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) has committed his party thereunto[12] Its position would be that the European Union should exist, but as a looser supranational organisation than at present, making the group less eurosceptic than the UEN and IND/DEM groups. Some members from the above parties founded a new organisation, the Alliance for an Open Europe, in the midst of this debate, with broadly similar objectives.

Cameron initially intended to form the new group in 2006, though this aspiration had to be cancelled due to their main prospective partners, the ODS and PiS, being unable or unwilling to break away from their then-groupings; the new grouping was put on hiatus until the 2009 European elections. By then, new factors—including the collapse of the UEN group—made conditions for forming a new political grouping much more favourable. On 22 June 2009, the founder members of the European Conservatives and Reformists Group (ECR Group), all signatories of the Prague Declaration announced that they were to leave the EPP-ED, and in virtue of that fact, the European Democrats movement. This announcement ended the 30-year existence of the European Democrats in the European Parliament.

### Members

[edit]

The following political parties were associated with the European Democrats at some point:

Country  | Name  | Ideology  | Membership

|
|
|

United Kingdom |  | Conservative Party | Conservatives  | Conservatism
Euroscepticism | 17 July 1979–22 June 2009
| Ulster Unionist Party | UUP  | Conservatism
British unionism | 20 July 1999–22 June 2009
Denmark |  | Conservative People's Party | DKF  | Liberal conservatism
Social conservatism | 17 July 1979–22 June 2009
Spain |  | People's Alliance | AP  | Liberal conservatism
National conservatism | 10 June 1987–25 July 1989
Italy |  | Pensioners' Party | PP  | Conservatism
Soft Euroscepticism | 20 July 1999–22 June 2009
Czech Republic |  | Civic Democratic Party | ODS  | National conservatism
Soft Euroscepticism[13] | 14 July 2004–22 June 2009
Portugal |  | CDS – People's Party | CDS–PP  | Christian democracy
National conservatism | 14 July 2004–22 June 2009

## European Democrats in PACE (Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe)

[edit]

The European Democrat Group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe was founded as the Group of Independent Representatives in 1970 by British and Scandinavian members of PACE, having about 35–40 members from the UK, Ireland, Norway, Denmark, Turkey, Sweden and Switzerland. It adopted the European Democrats Group name in September 1980, later becoming the European Conservatives Group in 2014.

## Sources

[edit]

* Political Groups of the European Parliament[2]
* Development of Political Groups in the European Parliament Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine[3]
* Europe Politique[4]
* European Parliament MEP Archives[5][9][10]
* Democracy in the European Parliament[1]

## See also

[edit]

* conservatism portal

* Alliance for an Open Europe
* Movement for European Reform
* European People's Party–European Democrats

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Democracy in the European Parliament" (PDF).
2. ^ a b Political Groups of the European Parliament Archived 17 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
3. ^ a b c d Development of Political Groups in the European Parliament Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
4. ^ a b c d e f "ED on Europe Politique". Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
5. ^ a b c d "European Parliament profile of James Scott-Hopkins".
6. ^ a b c Nordsieck, Wolfram (2013). "European Union". Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
7. ^ Barnes, John (24 July 2009). "Lord Kingsland: Lawyer and politician who led the Tories in Europe and went on to serve as Shadow Lord Chancellor". The Independent. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
8. ^ Krekó, Péter (11 March 2021). "Fidesz's Exit From the European People's Party Will Diminish Hungary's Influence in the EU". Institut Montaigne. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
9. ^ a b "European Parliament profile of Henry Plumb".
10. ^ a b "European Parliament profile of Christopher Prout".
11. ^ Callanan, Martin (11 November 2005). "Daily Telegraph letters". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
12. ^ "Leader's speech 2008". Archived from the original on 24 September 2008. Retrieved 27 July 2008.
13. ^ Pridham, Geoffrey (2008). "European Party Cooperation and Post-Communist Politics". In Aleks Szczerbiak; Paul Taggart (eds.). Opposing Europe? The Comparative Party Politics of Euroscepticism. Vol. 2\. Oxford University Press. p. 89.

## External links

[edit]

* European Democrats official website Archived 22 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine
* European Democrat Group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe[permanent dead link]

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Oceania|

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Philosophy|

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Politics|

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Political groups of the European Parliament

* European People's Party (188)
* Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (136)
* Patriots for Europe (85)
* European Conservatives and Reformists Group (79)
* Renew Europe (75)
* Greens–European Free Alliance (53)
* The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL (46)
* Europe of Sovereign Nations (27)
* Non-Inscrits (30)

Previous groups

| Nationalists / far-right|

* Eurodroite
* European Right (1984–1989)
* European Right (1989–1994)
* Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty (2007)
* Europe of Nations and Freedom (2015–2019)
* Identity and Democracy (2019–2024)

|

National conservatives|

* European Democratic Union (1965–1973)
* European Progressive Democrats (1973–1984)
* European Democratic Alliance (1984–1995)
* Union for Europe (1995–1999)
* Union for Europe of the Nations (1999–2009)

Christian democrats / conservatives|

* Christian Democrats (1953–1979)
* European People's Party (1979–1999)
* European Conservatives (1973–1979)
* European Democrats (1979–1992)
* Forza Europa (1994–1995)
* European People's Party–European Democrats (1999–2009)

Liberals / centrists|

* Liberals and Allies (1953–1976)
* Liberals and Democrats (1976–1985)
* Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group (1985–1994)
* European Radical Alliance (1994–1999)
* European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (1994–2004)
* Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (2004–2019)

Social democrats|

* Socialists (1953–1993)
* Party of European Socialists (1993–2009)

Communists / far-left|

* Communists and Allies (1973–1989)
* European United Left (1989–1993)
* Left Unity (1989–1994)
* European United Left (1994–1995)

Greens / regionalists|

* Rainbow Group (1984–1989)
* Rainbow Group (1989–1994)
* Greens (1989–1999)

Eurosceptics|

* Europe of Nations (1994–1996)
* Independents for a Europe of Nations (1996–1999)
* Europe of Democracies and Diversities (1999–2004)
* Independence/Democracy (2004–2009)
* Europe of Freedom and Democracy (2009–2014)
* Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (2014–2019)

Heterogeneous|

* Technical Group of Independents (1979–1984)
* Technical Group of Independents (1987)
* Technical Group of Independents (1999–2001)

Authority control databases: National |

* Czech Republic

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