European Radical Alliance

Former regionalist political group of the European Parliament (1994–1999)

European Radical Alliance

European Parliament group

ERA logo

Name| European Radical Alliance
English abbr.| ERA[1]
French abbr.| ARE[2]
Formal name| Group of the European Radical Alliance[3][4]
Ideology| Regionalism[5]
Associated organisations| European Free Alliance
From| 19 July 1994[6]
To| 20 July 1999[2]
Preceded by| Rainbow Group
Succeeded by| Greens–European Free Alliance
Chaired by| Catherine Lalumière[7]
MEP(s)| 19 (19 July 1994),
21 (5 May 1999),
13 (13 June 1999)

The Group of the European Radical Alliance (ERA) was a heterogeneous political group with seats in the European Parliament between 1994 and 1999. It was formed by regionalist parties from the former Rainbow Group,[8] although its largest and dominant member party was the French Energie Radicale.[9][10]

## History

[edit]

In 1989[6][2] the Rainbow Group split. The Greens went off to form the Green Group, whilst the Regionalists stayed in the rump of Rainbow Group. The 1994 elections saw a considerable reduction in Regionalist representation in the Parliament, with only the Canary Isles autonomists, Lega Nord, the Scottish National Party (SNP) and People's Union (VU) keeping their MEPs.[11] But Lega Nord had been suspended from the European Free Alliance following its decision to join the coalition Italian government alongside the right-wing National Alliance.[11] Given this reduction in numbers, the weakened EFA were no longer able to maintain their own group.

The French Energie Radicale were considered centrist enough to be possible members of the ELDR Group[12] (their successors, the Radical Party of the Left, became observers in the ELDR Party in 2006[13]) but instead they allied themselves with the members of the Pannella-Reformers List and the rump EFA to form the Group of the European Radical Alliance.[2]

The ERA stayed in existence until 1999, when a loss of support forced the European Free Alliance members of the ERA to rejoin with the Green Group to create the Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) group.[2]

## Member parties on 19 July 1994

[edit]

Member state  | Party  | MEPs | Notes

|
|
|

France | Energie Radicale[11][14] | 13[11][14] |
United Kingdom | Scottish National Party[11][14] | 2[11][14] |
Italy | Pannella-Reformers List[11][14] | 2[11][14] |
Belgium | People's Union/Flemish Free Democrats[11][14] | 1[11][14] |
Spain | Canarian Coalition[15] | 1  | Isidoro Sánchez García[15]

## Sources

[edit]

* "Regionalist Parties in Western Europe", ISBN 0-415-16437-0, de Winter & Türsan 1998 [11]
* Democracy in the European Parliament[1]
* Development of Political Groups in the European Parliament[6]
* Group names 1999[3]
* Europe Politique[2]
* European Parliament MEP Archives[4][7][15]
* European Union Basics FAQ, by Roland Siebelink & Bart Schelfhout[14]
* OneEurope magazine Archived 10 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine[12]
* ELDR[13]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Democracy in the European Parliament
2. ^ a b c d e f G/EFA on Europe Politique[permanent dead link‍]
3. ^ a b "INFO". www.europarl.europa.eu.
4. ^ a b "European Parliament profile of Jaak Vandemeulebroucke".
5. ^ James Mitchell (1998). "Member State or Euro-Region? The SNP, Plaid Cymru, and Europe". In David Baker; David Seawright (eds.). Britain for and Against Europe: British Politics and the Question of European Integration. Clarendon Press. p. 246\. ISBN 978-0-19-828078-1.
6. ^ a b c Development of Political Groups in the European Parliament Archived June 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
7. ^ a b "European Parliament profile of Catherine Lalumière".
8. ^ Colin Pilkington (2001). Britain in the European Union Today. Manchester University Press. p. 169\. ISBN 978-0-7190-5791-5.
9. ^ Julie Smith (1999). Europe's Elected Parliament. A&C Black. p. 92\. ISBN 978-1-85075-999-7.
10. ^ Luciano Bardi (2002). "Transnational Trends: The Evolution of the European Party System". In Bernard Steunenberg; J. J. A. Thomassen (eds.). The European Parliament: Moving Toward Democracy in the EU. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 215\. ISBN 978-0-7425-0126-3.
11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k de Winter, Lieven; Türsan, Huri (1998). Regionalist Parties in Western Europe. Routledge. pp. 190–201. ISBN 0-415-16437-0.
12. ^ a b "OneEurope magazine, issue 11" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
13. ^ a b "ELDR State of the Party: Activity Report of the ELDR Party, April 1999 - October 2006" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 July 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
14. ^ a b c d e f g h i "European Union Basics (FAQ), Part3/8". www.faqs.org.
15. ^ a b c "European Parliament profile of Isidoro Sánchez García".

* v
* t
* e

Political groups of the European Parliament

* European People's Party (188)
* Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (136)
* Patriots for Europe (86)
* European Conservatives and Reformists Group (78)
* Renew Europe (77)
* Greens–European Free Alliance (53)
* The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL (46)
* Europe of Sovereign Nations (25)
* Non-Inscrits (30)

Previous groups

| Nationalists / far-right|

* Eurodroite
* European Right (1984–1989)
* European Right (1989–1994)
* Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty (2007)
* Europe of Nations and Freedom (2015–2019)
* Identity and Democracy (2019–2024)

|

National conservatives|

* European Democratic Union (1965–1973)
* European Progressive Democrats (1973–1984)
* European Democratic Alliance (1984–1995)
* Union for Europe (1995–1999)
* Union for Europe of the Nations (1999–2009)

Christian democrats / conservatives|

* Christian Democrats (1953–1979)
* European People's Party (1979–1999)
* European Conservatives (1973–1979)
* European Democrats (1979–1992)
* Forza Europa (1994–1995)
* European People's Party–European Democrats (1999–2009)

Liberals / centrists|

* Liberals and Allies (1953–1976)
* Liberals and Democrats (1976–1985)
* Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group (1985–1994)
* European Radical Alliance (1994–1999)
* European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (1994–2004)
* Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (2004–2019)

Social democrats|

* Socialists (1953–1993)
* Party of European Socialists (1993–2009)

Communists / far-left|

* Communists and Allies (1973–1989)
* European United Left (1989–1993)
* Left Unity (1989–1994)
* European United Left (1994–1995)

Greens / regionalists|

* Rainbow Group (1984–1989)
* Rainbow Group (1989–1994)
* Greens (1989–1999)

Eurosceptics|

* Europe of Nations (1994–1996)
* Independents for a Europe of Nations (1996–1999)
* Europe of Democracies and Diversities (1999–2004)
* Independence/Democracy (2004–2009)
* Europe of Freedom and Democracy (2009–2014)
* Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (2014–2019)

Heterogeneous|

* Technical Group of Independents (1979–1984)
* Technical Group of Independents (1987)
* Technical Group of Independents (1999–2001)

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template