Expulsion of Otto of Greece

King Otto and Queen Amalia embarking on HMS Scylla.
| Date| 1 February - 23 October 1862

|

Location|

Kingdom of Greece

Result|

Revolutionary victory

* King Otto is overthrown
* Prince Wilhelm appointed as King of the Hellenes in March 1863

King Otto of Greece was deposed in a popular insurrection in October 1862. Starting on 18 October in Vonitsa, it soon spread to other cities and reached Athens on 22 October.

## Background[edit]

On 1 February 1862, the first insurrection broke out in Nafplio, led by Dimitrios Grivas [el], Petros A. Mavromichalis [el] and Dimitrios Botsaris.[1] Soon, the revolt started to spread to Santorini, Hydra, Tripoli and Messenia.[2] However, the royal authorities quickly managed to restore control and the revolt was suppressed by 20 March.[3]

## The revolution[edit]

On 16 October, King Otto and Queen Amalia left for a royal visit to Peloponnese in order to strengthen the bonds between the Greek people and the crown. However, a new insurrection erupted two days later in Vonitsa, on the Ambracian Gulf, led by Dimitrios Voulgaris, Konstantinos Kanaris and Benizelos Roufos. Soon, the insurrection spread to Missolonghi and Patras. On 22 October, the insurrection reached the capital Athens and a provisional government was established, with Rouphos as the Prime Minister. On the following day, the revolutionaries proclaimed the deposition of the royal couple, and convened an assembly for the election of a new monarch.[4]

The royal couple was then brought from Kalamata by the Minister of Police and placed under the protection of a British warship, HMS Scylla. At the same time, the property of the royal couple which remained in the Old Royal Palace was inventoried before being returned to their legitimate possessors. Advised by ambassadors of the Great Powers, Otto and his queen left Greece and went into exile. In spite of everything, the king refused to abdicate and did not envision his departure as being definitive.[5]

## See also[edit]

* 3 September 1843 Revolution
* 1862 Greek head of state referendum
* 1862 Greek legislative election

## References[edit]

1. ^ Driault and Lhéritier, 1926, p. 473-474
2. ^ Driault and Lhéritier 1926, p. 474
3. ^ Driault and Lhéritier 1926, p. 476-477
4. ^ Driault and Lhéritier 1926, p. 487
5. ^ Driault and Lhéritier 1926, p. 487-488

## Bibliography[edit]

* Driault, Édouard; Lhéritier, Michel (1925). Histoire diplomatique de la Grèce de 1821 à nos jours [Diplomatic History of Greece from 1821 to today] (in French). Vol. II. Paris: Les Presses universitaires de France.

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Greece during the reign of Otto (1832–1862)

Capital|

* Nafplio (1832–34)
* Athens (1834–present)

Monarchs|

* Otto of Greece
* Amalia of Oldenburg

Regency Council|

* Karl von Abel
* Josef Ludwig von Armansperg
* Johann Baptist Greiner
* Carl Wilhelm von Heideck
* Georg Ludwig von Maurer
* Ignaz von Rudhart

Prime Ministers|

* Bavarians: Josef Ludwig von Armansperg
* Ignaz von Rudhart

* Greeks: Konstantinos Kanaris
* Ioannis Kolettis
* Ioannis Kolokotronis
* Georgios Kountouriotis
* Antonios Kriezis
* Alexandros Mavrokordatos
* Andreas Metaxas
* Athanasios Miaoulis
* Spyridon Trikoupis
* Kitsos Tzavelas
* Dimitrios Voulgaris

Architects|

* Eduard Schaubert
* Friedrich von Gärtner
* Christian Hansen
* Theophil Hansen
* Panagis Kalkos
* Stamatios Kleanthis
* Leo von Klenze
* Lysandros Kaftanzoglou

Notable People|

* Jane Digby
* Aristeidis Dosios
* Theoklitos Farmakidis
* Herr Fuchs
* Dimitrios Kallergis
* Theodoros Kolokotronis
* Yiannis Makriyiannis
* Anastasios Polyzoidis

Early Greek Parties|

* English Party
* French Party
* Russian Party

Events|

* London Conference of 1832
* Cretan Revolt (1841)
* 3 September 1843 Revolution
* Greek Constitution of 1844
* Don Pacifico affair
* Crimean War (Siege of Sevastopol, Battle of Eupatoria)
* Epirus Revolt of 1854
* Thessaly Revolt of 1854
* 23 October 1862 Revolution

Influence|

* Greek legal system
* Greek academic art of the 19th century
* Party of Radicals

Structures|

* National Gardens of Athens
* Old Royal Palace
* National Observatory of Athens
* Syntagma Square
* Old Parliament House, Athens

Institutions|

* Athens School of Fine Arts
* Archaeological Society of Athens
* Bavarian Auxiliary Corps
* Church of Greece
* Council of State
* Court of Audit
* Court of Cassation
* Greek Archaeological Service
* Greek Evangelical Church
* Greek Volunteer Legion
* Hellenic Gendarmerie
* National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
* National Bank of Greece
* National Library of Greece
* National Technical University of Athens
* Regency Council
* Royal Phalanx

Other|

* Fix Brewery
* Greek Crown Jewels
* Lion of the Bavarians

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Military coups in Greece

Successful coups|

* 3 September 1843
* 23 October 1862
* 15 August 1909
* 17 August 1916
* 11 September 1922
* 25 June 1925
* 22 August 1926 [el]
* 10 October 1935 [el]
* 4 August 1936*
* 21 April 1967
* 25 November 1973

Coup attempts|

* 1831 attempt [el]
* 22 October 1923
* 3 March 1933 [el]
* 1 March 1935
* 28 July 1938
* 31 May 1951 [el]
* 13 December 1967
* 23 May 1973
* 24 February 1975

• self-coup

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Liberalism in Greece

Ideology|

* Centrism
* Modern Greek Enlightenment
* Republicanism
* Liberal nationalism
* Liberal democracy
* Venizelism
* Anti-nepotism
* Megali Idea
* Human rights
* Secularism
* Press freedom
* Land reform

Organizations|

* National and Social Liberation
* National Organization of Crete

Political Parties|

* Constitutional Party
* Modernist Party
* Liberal Party
* National Unionist Party
* Liberal Democratic Union
* National Progressive Center Union
* National Political Union
* Centre Union
* Centre Union – New Forces
* Democratic Centre Union (Greece)
* Union of the Democratic Centre
* Liberal Party (modern)
* Liberal Alliance (Greece)
* Union of Centrists
* The River

People|

* Adamantios Korais
* Theophilos Kairis
* Dionysios Solomos
* Alexandros Mavrokordatos
* Epameinondas Deligeorgis
* Charilaos Trikoupis
* Emmanuel Rhoides
* Ioannis Psycharis
* Konstantinos Raktivan
* Eleftherios Venizelos
* Pavlos Kountouriotis
* Nikolaos Plastiras
* Themistoklis Sofoulis
* Georgios Kafantaris
* Nikolaos Politis
* Georgios Kartalis
* Dimitrios Psarros
* Georgios Papandreou
* Sofoklis Venizelos
* Ioannis Zigdis
* Georgios Mavros
* Dora Bakoyanni

Historical events|

* Greek War of Independence
* First National Assembly at Epidaurus
* 3 September 1843 Revolution
* 23 October 1862 Revolution
* Theriso revolt
* Goudi coup
* Movement of National Defence
* National Schism
* 11 September 1922 Revolution
* 1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
* Greek Resistance
* Anti-Junta movement

Policies|

* Democratic education
* Free public education
* Modernization
* Progressivism

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