External cause

Associating a specific object or acute process that was caused by something outside the body

In medicine, an external cause is a reason for the existence of a medical condition which can be associated with a specific object or acute process that was caused by something outside the body. Such causes are classified as "E codes" in ICD 9.[1]

External Cause of Injury Codes (E codes) are ICD-9-CM codes or ICD-10 codes that are used to define the mechanism of death or injury, along with the place of occurrence of the event. [1] E codes are assigned on death certificates based on the manner of death. ICD-10 codes in the range V01–X59 refer to unintentional injuries. Codes in the range X60–X84 refer to intentional self-harm. Codes in the range Y85–Y09 refer to assault, and codes in the range Y10–Y34 refer to events of undetermined intent.[2]

E codes are well-collected on death certificate data, but less so on hospital discharge data. Numerous initiatives have increased the percentage of records coded (CDC, MMWR March 28, 2008 / Vol. 57 / No. RR-1).

## References

[edit]

1. ^ LeMier M, Cummings P, West TA (2001). "Accuracy of external cause of injury codes reported in Washington State hospital discharge records". Inj. Prev. 7 (4): 334–8\. doi:10.1136/ip.7.4.334. PMC 1730776. PMID 11770664.
2. ^ "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision". apps.who.int.

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Consequences of external causes

Temperature|

| Elevated|

* Burn
* Hyperthermia
* Heat syncope

|

Reduced|

* Hypothermia
* Immersion foot syndromes
* Trench foot
* Tropical immersion foot
* Warm water immersion foot
* Non-freezing cold injury
* Chilblains
* Frostbite
* Aerosol burn
* Cold intolerance
* Acrocyanosis
* Erythrocyanosis crurum

Radiation|

* Chronic radiation keratosis
* Eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy
* Radiation acne
* Radiation burn
* Radiation-induced cancer
* Radiation-induced erythema multiforme
* Radiation-induced hypertrophic scar
* Radiation-induced keloid
* Radiation-induced morphea
* Radiation poisoning
* Radiation recall reaction
* Sunburn

Oxygen|

* Hypoxia/Asphyxia
* Oxygen toxicity

Pressure|

* Barotrauma
* Arterial gas embolism
* Aerosinusitis
* Middle ear barotrauma
* Pneumothorax
* Decompression sickness
* Inner ear decompression sickness
* High altitude
* Altitude sickness
* Chronic mountain sickness
* Death zone
* High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
* High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE)

Food|

* Starvation

Maltreatment|

* Physical abuse
* Sexual abuse
* Psychological abuse

Travel|

* Motion sickness
* Seasickness
* Airsickness
* Space adaptation syndrome

Adverse effect|

* Hypersensitivity
* Anaphylaxis
* Angioedema
* Allergy
* Arthus reaction

* Adverse drug reaction

Other|

* Electrical injury
* Lightning injuries
* Drowning

Ungrouped
skin conditions
resulting from
physical factors|

* Dermatosis neglecta
* Pinch mark
* Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules
* Sclerosing lymphangitis
* Tropical anhidrotic asthenia
* UV-sensitive syndrome
* environmental skin conditions
* Electrical burn
* frictional/traumatic/sports
* Black heel and palm
* Equestrian perniosis
* Fissure of the nipple
* Pulling boat hands
* Runner's rump
* Surfer's knots
* Tennis toe
* Vibration white finger
* Weathering nodule of ear
* Wrestler's ear
* Coral cut
* Painful fat herniation
* Uranium dermatosis
* iv use
* Skin pop scar
* Skin track
* Slap mark
* Pseudoacanthosis nigricans
* Narcotic dermopathy

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