Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States

Foreign nationals the United States detains outside of the legal process

English Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against Terrorism

Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States, in the context of the early twenty-first century War on Terrorism, refers to foreign nationals the United States detains outside of the legal process required within United States legal jurisdiction. In this context, the U.S. government is maintaining torture centers, called black sites, operated by both known and secret intelligence agencies.[1][2] Such black sites were later confirmed by reports from journalists, investigations, and from men who had been imprisoned and tortured there, and later released after being tortured until the CIA was comfortable they had done nothing wrong, and had nothing to hide.

Of these prisoners being held by the U.S., some were suspected of being from the senior ranks of al Qaeda, referred to in U.S. military terms as "high value detainees." According to the Swiss senator Dick Marty's reports on Secret Detentions and Illegal Transfers of Detainees involving Council of Europe Member States, about a hundred persons had been kidnapped by the CIA on European territory and subsequently rendered to countries where they were tortured.[1][2]

Former Secretary of Defense, Donald Rumsfeld, had described the men detained in Camp Delta at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, as "the worst of the worst.", despite concerns about the mental capacity of several of the detainees. But, before September 2006, many of those detainees suspected of having the highest intelligence value were not detained at Guantanamo, but were held at CIA's black sites in Eastern Europe and other countries, including Afghanistan.

In August 2010, it was reported that four high-value detainees: Abu Zubaydah, Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, and Mustafa al-Hawsawi, had first been transferred to Guantanamo on September 24, 2003. They were held at "Strawberry Fields", a secret camp in the facility constructed for their detention.[3] Worried that a pending Supreme Court decision on habeas corpus rights might go against the Bush administration and compel releasing the men's names and other details, the CIA took back custody of the four men and moved them out of Guantanamo on March 27, 2004.[3][4]

The United States Supreme Court ruled in Rasul v. Bush (2004) that detainees at Guantanamo Bay detention camp had the habeas corpus right to challenge their detentions before an impartial tribunal. As a result, the US allegedly continued to hold many ghost detainees outside Guantanamo Bay and the United States in order to avoid any review of their cases.

These four men and other high-value CIA detainees were not transferred again to military custody at Guantanamo until September 2006. At that time, the Bush administration was assured of passage by Congress of the Military Commissions Act of 2006, which included provisions preventing detainees from using habeas corpus petitions outside the newly authorized system of military tribunals.

## Ghost detainees

[edit]

Main article: Ghost detainee

Ghost detainees are extrajudicial prisoners whose identities have not been revealed and whose families (and frequently, governments) have not been informed of their status. They are deprived of all legal rights. Ghost detainees' identities, and capture, have been kept secret. As such they are a subset of extrajudicial prisoners, which includes all the detainees who were held in Guantanamo, etc..[citation needed]

## Suspects held by US civilian intelligence agencies

[edit]

English Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Summary of the High Value Terrorist Detainee Program

### High-value detainees

[edit]

On September 6, 2006, U.S. President George W. Bush confirmed, for the first time, that the CIA had held "high-value detainees" in secret CIA prisons.[5] He also announced that 14 senior captives were being transferred from CIA custody to military custody at Guantanamo Bay. He said that these 14 captives could expect to face charges before Guantanamo military commissions.

Critics, and elements of the FBI, had long speculated that the captives held in the secret facilities had been subjected to actual torture. They said that evidence derived from such interrogation techniques was not admissible in court and could not be used to prosecute the men.[citation needed]

The fourteen "high-value detainees" transferred on September 6, 2006 JTF-GTMO
ISN | Name | Notes

|
|

10011 | Mustafa al-Hawsawi |

* believed to have arranged large wire transfers of funds to finance terrorist operations.[6]
* captured in Pakistan in March 2003
* transferred from CIA custody to Guantanamo in September 2003; withdrawn and transferred back to CIA custody in March 2004[3]
* President Bush announced his transfer to the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba, on September 6, 2006.[7]

10012 | Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani |

* helped plan the 1998 embassy bombings.[6]
* captured July 25, 2004
* President Bush announced his transfer to the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba, on September 6, 2006.[7]
* convicted of conspiracy and sentenced to life in prison without parole
* held at ADX Supermax in Florence, Colorado.

10013 | Ramzi bin al-Shibh |

* believed to be another planner of the 9-11 attacks.[6]
* shared a Hamburg apartment with Mohamed Atta, the ringleader of the 9-11 hijackers.
* transferred from CIA custody to Guantanamo in September 2003; withdrawn and transferred back to CIA custody in March 2004[3]
* President Bush announced his transfer to the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba, on September 6, 2006.[7][8]

10014 | Waleed Muhammad bin Attash |

* allegedly tied to both the USS Cole bombing and 9-11[6][9]
* captured on April 29, 2003
* Human Rights Watch reports he is said to have described ties between Iran and al Qaeda during his interrogation
* President Bush announced his transfer to the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba, on September 6, 2006.[7]

10015 | Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri |

* believed to be the mastermind of the USS Cole bombing.[6]
* believed to have organized the Limburg tanker bombing
* captured in November 2002
* transferred from CIA custody to Guantanamo in September 2003; withdrawn and transferred back to CIA custody in March 2004[3]
* President Bush announced his transfer to the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba, on September 6, 2006.[7]

10016 | Abu Zubaydah |

* believed to have run a military training camp associated with al Qaeda.[6]
* believed to have played a role in the 2000 millennium attack plots
* transferred from CIA custody to Guantanamo in September 2003; withdrawn and transferred back to CIA custody in March 2004[3]
* President Bush announced his transfer to the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba, on September 6, 2006.[7]
* Later revealed to have been a low-level player and not significant[10]
* Because of having suffered torture, he has never been charged[10]

10017 | Abu Faraj al-Libi |

* described as the new number three in al Qaeda, succeeding his mentor Khalid Sheikh Mohammed.[6]
* captured in Pakistan on May 2, 2005
* President Bush announced his transfer to the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba, on September 6, 2006.[7]

10018 | Ali Abdul Aziz Ali |

* helped transfer funds to the 9-11 hijackers.[6]
* arrested on April 29, 2003
* President Bush announced his transfer to the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba, on September 6, 2006.[7]

10019 | Hambali |

* captured on August 11, 2003.[6]
* a planner of the Bali nightclub bombings
* President Bush announced his transfer to the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba, on September 6, 2006.[7]

10020 | Majid Khan |

* President Bush announced his transfer to the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba, on September 6, 2006.[6][7]
* An accomplice of Uzair Paracha[11]

10021 | Mohamad Farik Amin |

* reported arrested in June 2003.[6]
* helped scout the sites of terror bombings in Thailand

10022 | Mohammed Nazir Bin Lep |

* President Bush announced his transfer to the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba, on September 6, 2006.[6][7]

10023 | Gouled Hassan Dourad |

* Transferred to Guantanamo on September 6, 2006.[6]

10024 | Khalid Sheikh Mohammed |

* Allegedly played a role in the WTC bombing 1993.[6]
* Allegedly worked on Operation Bojinka
* Allegedly one of the architects of 9-11.
* Allegedly detained at various CIA black sites for about 3 years.
* Allegedly waterboarded 183 times while in CIA custody.
* Transfer to the Guantanamo Bay detention camps in September 2006.

### Other captives in custody

[edit]

American intelligence officials have made public the names of some of the suspects the CIA has reported to have been held. The capture of other detainees is not acknowledged.[citation needed] According to the US military, this is in order to spread disorder among their opponents, and fear among those who might be considering supporting them.[citation needed]

Other captives reported to have been held in CIA custody Name | Notes

|

Jamil al-Banna |

* told his lawyers he was detained in "the dark prison" in Kabul
* arrested in Gambia with Bisher al-Rawi
* claims the CIA offered him $10 million to serve as a mole against Abu Qatada
* He was transferred to military custody at Guantanamo Bay detainment camp in March 2003 and held there until December 19, 2007.

Muhammed al-Darbi |

* Claimed by administration to have been captured due to information derived from enhanced interrogation techniques of captives in secret interrogation centres.[12]
* A Yemeni, captured in August 2002.[13]

Omar al-Faruq |

* alleged to have been a liaison with Southeast Asian Islamic militants[9]
* arrested June 5, 2002
* escaped from Bagram prison in July 2005
* killed by British troops in Iraq on September 25, 2006.

Abd al-Salam Ali al-Hila |

* currently detained in Camp Delta
* told his lawyers he was detained in "the dark prison" in Kabul

Abd al-Hadi al-Iraqi |

* currently detained in Guantanamo

Adil al-Jazeeri |

* said to have been a liaison between al Qaeda and the Taliban[9]
* believed to have been involved in transferring funds for terrorist activities.
* captured on June 17, 2003; transferred to US custody on July 13, 2003
* US State department confirmed custody in December 2003, location unknown

Yassir al-Jazeeri
Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi |

* may have been the first detainee to have been subjected to coercive interrogation techniques.[14]
* reported Iraq had an arsenal of WMD, and provided al Qaeda with WMD training, cited in Powell's UN speech
* Recanted the WMD claim after the invasion
* extradited to Libya and died in prison

Bisher al-Rawi |

* currently detained in Camp Delta
* told his lawyers he was detained in "the dark prison" in Kabul
* arrested in Gambia with Jamil al-Banna
* now claims he was already co-operating with MI5 in their surveillance of Abu Qatada

Abdul Rahim al-Sharqawi |

* One of the 25 top al Qaeda leadership members.[15]
* al-Sharqawi is called "Riyadh the Facilitator,"
* al-Sharqawi is said to have been captured before April 2002.

Mohammed Omar Abdel-Rahman |

* extradited to Egypt and released in 2010

Musaad Aruchi |
Hassin Bin Attash |

* currently detained in Camp Delta
* told his lawyers he was detained in "the dark prison" in Kabul
* claims he was tortured in the black sites
* 17 years old when captured
* brother of Waleed Muhammad bin Attash

Abdul Aziz |
Abu Faisal |
Hassan Ghul |

* He was held at a CIA black site for two years, before being turned over to a Pakistani prison system and released. Killed in a CIA drone strike in Pakistan in October 2012.[16]

Mohammed Naeem Noor Khan |

* alleged Al-Qaeda operative and computer expert.
* agreed to be a mole after his capture on July 13, 2004[citation needed]
* mole status outed by Condoleezza Rice on August 2, 2004[citation needed]
* released on 20 August 2007, without charge.

Muhammed Khudayr al-Dulaymi |

* believed to have been a senior intelligence official during the Saddam Hussein administration. In May 2009 it became public that Vice President Dick Cheney had pushed for Al Dulaymi to be subjected to waterboarding, in order to establish that Saddam had ties to international terrorists.[17][18]

Tariq Mahmood
Binyam Mohammed |

*   * told his lawyers he was detained in "the dark prison" in Kabul
* claims he was tortured in the black sites
* On 23 February 2009, almost seven years after his arrest, Mohamed was repatriated from Guantánamo to the UK, where he was released after questioning.

Khalid El-Masri |

* German citizen wrongfully labelled terror-suspect, became a high-value detainee.
* Abducted at behest of CIA by Macedonian police, based on "hunch" of CIA officer.
* Raped in Skopje, rendered to Afghanistan, held in CIA Salt Pit; tortured by CIA.
* Released (flown to Albania, "dumped in a forest, blindfolded") after CIA realized mistake.[19]
* US government warned German government to not press charges against CIA.
* US courts refused to hear El-Masri's case; he was represented by the ACLU.
* European Court of Human Rights ruled in El-Masri's favor, stating that it was "beyond a reasonable doubt" that he had been tortured in violation of the European Convention on Human Rights.

## Legal status of detainees

[edit]

Main article: Unlawful combatant

Shortly after the Invasion of Afghanistan, the Bush administration announced a policy that combatants captured "on the battlefield" in Afghanistan would not be afforded the protections of POW status as described in the Geneva Conventions. This policy triggered debate both within and outside of the US government. The Bush administration claimed that the Geneva Conventions signed by the US protected only the fighters of recognized states, thus disqualifying al Qaeda fighters from these privileges as per the Bush administration's views. They argued that, since the Taliban was not a legitimate government either, their combatants did not qualify either. They saw Afghanistan as a "failed state," one without a legitimate government.

### Classifying captives as illegal combatants

[edit]

The Bush administration categorized such captives as "illegal combatants." These terms are not explicitly used in the Geneva Conventions, but the Third Geneva Convention of 1949 defines the term "lawful combatant", from which the term 'unlawful combatant' is derived. The Convention obliges signatories to afford captured lawful combatants significant rights and protections. Such captives are entitled to be classified as prisoners of war (POW). Internal critics within the US military and US government argue that failing to afford POW protections to combatants captured in the global war on terror would endanger American military personnel when they were captured in current and future conflicts. Other critics argue that classifying all combatants as illegal combatants is in violation of Article 5 of the Third Geneva Convention, which describes how a captor should treat combatants who are suspected of violating the Geneva Conventions such that they strip themselves of its protections. Article 5 says that combatants suspected of violations of the Conventions are to be afforded POW protection until the captors have convened a "competent tribunal." However, the Conventions never explicitly impose a limitation regarding the detention of detainees without trial during and after an armed conflict.

The Bush administration expanded the criteria for classifying captives as illegal combatants. Individuals captured around the world are now classified as such if US intelligence officials believe they have sufficient evidence to tie the individual to Islamic terrorism.

In Rasul v. Bush (2004), the US Supreme Court ruled that detainees held by the United States did have the habeas corpus right to challenge their detentions before a competent tribunal. This decision led the Bush administration to bolster the prevalence of black sites overseas.

### Use of interrogation techniques

[edit]

The US intelligence community has debated what techniques should be used on the detainees.[14] The debate was triggered over the interrogation of Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi, described as the first senior al Qaeda captive.[citation needed] It was reported that initially his interrogation was being conducted by the FBI because they had the most experience interrogating criminal suspects.[citation needed] Their interrogation approach was based on building rapport with suspects and they did not use coercive techniques.[citation needed] They argued that coercive techniques produced unreliable false confessions, and that using coercive techniques would mean that the evidence they gathered could not be used by the prosecution in a trial in the US judicial system.[14]

Main article: Torture Memos

Fear and desire for actionable intelligence led the administration to legal opinions (the Torture Memos, including the Bybee memo) by the Office of Legal Counsel, United States Department of Justice, issued to the CIA in August 2002 authorizing the use of 12 enhanced interrogation techniques (since 2009, these have been legally defined as torture and prohibited from use) with detained suspects.

Similarly, on March 14, 2003, five days before the US started its 2003 invasion of Iraq, the OLC issued a memo to William J. Haynes, General Counsel of the United States Department of Defense, concluding that federal laws against the use of torture and other coercion did not apply to interrogations overseas. In reaction to the release of the abuse pictures from Abu Ghraib in Iraq in April and May 2004, and the leak that summer of the Bybee memo, the administration advised agencies to suspend actions based on those memos. CIA suspended the use of enhanced interrogation techniques.[20]

### Legal justification for the use of "enhanced interrogation techniques"

[edit]

Secretary Rumsfeld assured the world that the detainees held at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base were going to be treated in a manner consistent with the treatment of Geneva Convention POWs. In 2004, confidential memos surfaced that discussed the limits to how much pain, discomfort and fear could be used in the interrogation of detainees in the global war on terror. The memos showed that debate within the Bush administration had been resolved in favor of what was later legally determined to be torture.

### Legislative challenges to interrogation policy

[edit]

In 2005, US Senator John McCain, a former POW from the Vietnam War, attached a passage to a military spending bill that would proscribe inhumane treatment of detainees and restrict US officials to use only the interrogation techniques in the US Army's field manual on interrogation. Ninety of the one hundred Senators supported this amendment.

On Thursday, October 20, 2005, Vice President Dick Cheney proposed a change to McCain. Cheney tried to get McCain to limit the proscription to just military personnel, thus allowing CIA personnel the freedom to use harsher techniques. McCain declined to accept Cheney's suggestion.[21]

### U.S. Government denial of allegations of mistreatment

[edit]

Main article: Periodic Report of the United States of America to the United Nations Committee Against Torture

The United States government, through the State Department, makes periodic reports to the United Nations Committee Against Torture. In October 2005, the report focused on pretrial detention of suspects in the war on terrorism, including those held in Guantanamo Bay and Afghanistan. This was the first official response of the U.S. government to allegations that prisoners were mistreated at Guantanamo Bay detention camp. The report denies the allegations. However, the report does not address detainees held elsewhere by the CIA. Recently, the Director of the CIA, Michael Hayden has acknowledged that some detainees had been subject to waterboarding, in accordance with several OLC (Office of Legal Counsel) memos. General Hayden states that in February 2008, waterboarding was not part of the authorized interrogation techniques for U.S. agents.

The CIA's Inspector General investigated cases in which men were captured and transported through "erroneous renditions." There were said to be 3,000 individuals who were held in CIA custody.[22]

### Geneva Conventions compliance

[edit]

On July 20, 2007, President Bush issued an executive order officially banning torture of POWs by intelligence officials.[23] Amnesty International points out that the Bush administration has narrowly defined torture under the Bybee memo, at the time, the only known one of the Torture Memos. While the US is a signatory to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, it has failed to ratify that portion of the Geneva Convention, Protocol I, which would grant such persons POW status as the detainees at Guantanamo.[23][clarification needed] The US is one of only six countries that have not.

### Individuals identified as being tortured by the CIA without authorization

[edit]

The Senate Intelligence Committee identified these men as being the victims of unauthorized torture[24] ISN | Name | Current
location | Allegations | Notes

|
|
|
|

10024 | Khalid Sheikh Mohammed | Guantanamo | Various |

* various[24]

892 | Rafiq Bashir al-Hami | Transferred to Slovakia in 2010 | Suspicious acquaintances |

* subjected to sleep deprivation at the salt pit[24]

893 | Tawfiq Nasir Awad al-Bihandi | Guantanamo | Unknown |

* subjected to sleep deprivation at the salt pit[24]

| Hikmat Nafi Shaukat | Unknown | Suspicious acquainces |

* subjected to sleep deprivation at the salt pit[24]

1209 | Lufti al-Arabi al-Gharisi | Unknown | Unknown |

* subjected to sleep deprivation at the salt pit[24]

1461 | Muhammad Ahmad Ghulam Rabbani | Transferred to Pakistan in 2023 | Alleged KSM lieutenant |

* stress positions, beatings, hypothermia[24]

| Gul Rahman |  | Murdered in custody |

* short shackling, water dousing, beatings, sleep deprivation, auditory overload, total darkness, hypothermia[24]

10015 | Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri | Guantanamo | USS Cole bombing |

* waterboarding, death threats, threats to rape and kill his family in front of him, faked execution, rectal feeding[24]

10013 | Ramzi Bin al-Shibh | Guantanamo | Alleged KSM lieutenant |
| Mohammed Omar Abdel-Rahman | Extradited to Egypt and released in 2010 | Unknown |

* water dousing, forced nudity, solitary confinement[24]

10011 | Mustafa al-Hawsawi | Guantanamo | Suspected "financier" |

* rectal feeding[24]

| Abu Khalid | Unknown | Unknown |

* sleep deprivation[24]

| Laid Ben Dohman Saidi aka Abu Hudhaifa | unknown | Mistaken identity |

* ice water baths, forced standing, sleep deprivation, forced nudity, dietary manipulation[24]

| Abd al-Karim aka Al-Shara'iya | Unknown | Unknown |

* crippled by torture[24]

| Abu Hazim | Unknown | Unknown |

* water dousing[24]

| Sayyid Ibrahim | Unknown | Unknown |

* sleep deprivation[24]

| Suleiman Abdullah | Unknown | Unknown |

* subjected to "water-dousing" without authorization[24]

## Location of the suspects held by US civilian intelligence agencies

[edit]

Orthographic projection centred over Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean. Location  | Details

|

USS Bataan | John Walker Lindh, a United States citizen, was held for two months in a secure facility aboard the USS Bataan.
The Salt Pit |

* a clandestine, remote, CIA detention facility in Afghanistan
* German national Khalid El-Masri, whose name was similar to that of a suspected senior al Qaeda cadre who was still at large, was arrested in Macedonia and transferred by their police to the CIA, who took him to this location. Agents detained and interrogated him for five months in the winter of 2004.[25] The agency found it was mistaken and released him in Albania in late 2004. In 2012 El-Masri's account was held valid "beyond a reasonable doubt," and he was awarded compensation for his torture and suffering by the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights, which held Macedonia responsible for knowingly transferring him to the CIA and possible torture.

## See also

[edit]

* Arbitrary arrest and detention
* Command responsibility
* Detainees in Iraq
* Khalid El-Masri, a German citizen wrongly detained by the CIA
* Maher Arar

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-01-18. Retrieved 2009-01-16.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
2. ^ a b http://assembly.coe.int/CommitteeDocs/2007/EMarty_20070608_NoEmbargo.pdf [bare URL PDF]
3. ^ a b c d e f Matt Apuzzo, Adam Goldman (2010-08-07). "AP Exclusive: CIA flight carried secret from Gitmo". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2010-08-16.
4. ^ Scott Horton (2010-08-06). "Three-Card Monte at Gitmo". Harper's Magazine. Archived from the original on 2010-08-18. Retrieved 2010-08-11.
5. ^ "Bush admits to CIA secret prisons". BBC. 7 September 2006. Retrieved 17 August 2007.
6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Detainee Biographies" (PDF). Office of the Director of National Intelligence. September 6, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 27, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2007.
7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Bush confirms existence of secret CIA prisons for high-value terror detainees Archived 2006-09-07 at the Wayback Machine, The Jurist, September 6, 2006
8. ^ Bush Acknowledges Existence of Secret CIA Prisons Archived 2006-09-12 at the Wayback Machine, Voice of America, September 6, 2006
9. ^ a b c "The United States' "Disappeared", The CIA's Long-Term "Ghost Detainees"". Human Rights Watch. p. 7. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
10. ^ a b Peter Finn and Julie Tate, "CIA Says It Misjudged Role of High-Value Detainee Abu Zubaidah, Transcript Shows", The Washington Post, 16 June 2009, accessed 21 January 2013
11. ^ FBI NY announces conviction of Uzair Paracha Archived 2007-02-08 at the Wayback Machine, November 25, 2005
12. ^ U.S. Decries Abuse but Defends Interrogations: 'Stress and Duress' Tactics Used on Terrorism Suspects Held in Secret Overseas Facilities, The Washington Post, December 26, 2002
13. ^ "List of 'Ghost Prisoners' Possibly in CIA Custody". Media with Conscience. 2005-05-30.
14. ^ a b c "Al Qaeda-Iraq Link Recanted: Captured Libyan Reverses Previous Statement to CIA, Officials Say". The Washington Post. 2004-08-01. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
15. ^ Al-Qaida killed/captured , MSNBC
16. ^ Documents reveal NSA's extensive involvement in targeted killing program
17. ^ Andrew Sullivan (2009-05-17). "A dark lord comes shrieking into the light". The Times. Archived from the original on 2009-05-18.
18. ^ Alex Spillius (2009-05-14). "Dick Cheney 'suggested waterboarding' Iraqi prisoner". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2009-05-17.
19. ^ CIA 'tortured and sodomised' terror suspect, human rights court rules The Gurdian, December 13 2012, Retrieved on March 3, 2023
20. ^ Priest, Dana (2004-06-27). "CIA Puts Harsh Tactics On Hold: Memo on Methods Of Interrogation Had Wide Review". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
21. ^ Smith, R. Jeffrey; White, Josh (2005-10-25). "Cheney Plan Exempts CIA From Bill Barring Abuse of Detainees". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
22. ^ Priest, Dana (2005-12-04). "Wrongful Imprisonment: Anatomy of a CIA Mistake: German Citizen Released After Months in 'Rendition'". The Washington Post.
23. ^ a b Morgan, David (2007-07-20). "Bush orders CIA to comply with Geneva Conventions". Reuters. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Emma Roller, Rebecca Nelson (2014-12-10). "What CIA Interrogators Did To 17 Detainees Without Approval". National Journal. Archived from the original on 2014-12-11. Retrieved 2014-12-10. "You probably haven't heard many of these names before. But they are important, both in terms of the terrorist plots they either planned or executed, and in how the U.S. government treated them once they became prisoners, according to the newly released Senate Intelligence Committee's torture report."
25. ^ "CIA accused of detaining innocent man: If the agency knew he was the wrong man, why was he held?", NBC News, April 21, 2005

## External links

[edit]

* "Outsourcing torture" Archived 2006-10-12 at the Wayback Machine, Jane Mayer, The New Yorker, February 14, 2005
* "A Tortured Debate", Newsweek, June 21, 2005
* "We Don't Want a Hanoi Hilton", The Washington Post, October 27, 2005
* "CIA Holds Terror Suspects in Secret Prisons", The Washington Post, November 2, 2005
* "European Commission to Investigate Reports of Secret CIA Jails", The Washington Post, November 3, 2005
* "Sources Tell ABC News Top Al Qaeda Figures Held in Secret CIA Prisons", ABC News December 5, 2005
* "A list of 12 high-value targets housed by the CIA", ABC News, December 5, 2005
* "CIA 'closes terror prisons'", news.com.au, December 6, 2005
* "Victims Could Sue for Human Rights in European Court of Justice", Der Spiegel December 6, 2005
* Center for Constitutional Rights website, representing detainees and working against other injustices
* "Tortured Justice: Using Coerced Evidence to Prosecute Terrorist Suspects" (2008), Human Rights First
* "In Pursuit of Justice; Prosecuting Terrorism Cases in the Federal Courts" (2009), Human Rights First
* "Undue Process: An Examination of Detention and Trials of Bagram Detainees in Afghanistan in April 2009" (2009), Human Rights First

* v
* t
* e

CIA secret prisons and detainees

Suspected black sites|

* Salt Pit
* Diego Garcia
* Temara interrogation centre
* Ain Aouda
* Stare Kiejkuty
* Szczytno-Szymany (now Olsztyn-Szymany)*
* Mihail Kogălniceanu
* Camp Nama
* Camp Eggers
* Strawberry Fields (Guantanamo)
* Black Jail

Notable detainees|

* Khalid El-Masri
* Laid Saidi
* Gul Rahman1
* Jamil el-Banna
* Abd al-Salam Ali al-Hila
* Bisher Amin Khalil al-Rawi
* Hassan bin Attash
* Laid Saidi
* Binyam Mohamed
* Musab Omar Ali Al Mudwani
* Walid al Qadasi

See also|

* Enhanced interrogation techniques
* Extraordinary rendition
* Ghost detainees
* Waterboarding
* Destruction of interrogation tapes

1 Died in custody.   * notes the place now is used commercially

* v
* t
* e

War on terror

* September 11 attacks
* War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) (Withdrawal)
* Iraq War (2003–2011) (Withdrawal)

Participants|

| Operational|

* ISAF
* Operation Enduring Freedom participants
* Afghanistan
* Northern Alliance
* Iraq (Iraqi Armed Forces)
* NATO
* Pakistan
* United Kingdom
* United States
* European Union
* Philippines
* Ethiopia

|

Targets|

| Individuals|

* Osama bin Laden
* Hamza bin Laden
* Anwar al-Awlaki
* Sirajuddin Haqqani
* Jalaluddin Haqqani
* Anas Haqqani
* Khalil Haqqani
* Hafiz Saeed
* Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq
* Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi

|

Factions|

* al-Qaeda
* al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
* Abu Sayyaf
* Al-Shabaab
* Boko Haram
* Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
* Hizbul Mujahideen
* Islamic Courts Union
* Jaish-e-Mohammed
* Jemaah Islamiyah
* Lashkar-e-Taiba
* Taliban
* Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
* Islamic State

Conflicts|

| Operation
Enduring Freedom|

* War in Afghanistan
* OEF – Philippines
* Georgian involvement in the Iraq War
* OEF – Horn of Africa
* OEF – Trans Sahara
* Drone strikes in Pakistan

|

Other|

* Operation Active Endeavour
* Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
* Insurgency in the North Caucasus
* Moro conflict in the Philippines
* Iraq War
* Iraqi insurgency
* Operation Linda Nchi
* Terrorism in Saudi Arabia
* Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
* War in Somalia (2006–2009)
* 2007 Lebanon conflict
* al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen

Policies|

* Patriot Act (2001)
* Torture Memos (2002)
* Military Commissions Act of 2006
* Military Commissions Act of 2009
* President's Surveillance Program
* Protect America Act of 2007
* Terrorist Surveillance Program

Related|

* Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
* Axis of evil
* Bush Doctrine
* Clash of Civilizations
* Cold War
* Combatant Status Review Tribunal
* Criticism of the war on terror
* CIA black sites
* Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri
* Killing of Osama bin Laden
* Enhanced interrogation techniques
* Extrajudicial prisoners
* Extraordinary rendition
* Guantanamo Bay detention camp
* Iranian Revolution
* Islamic terrorism
* Islamism
* North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
* Operation Noble Eagle
* Operation Eagle Assist
* Situation Room photograph
* State Sponsors of Terrorism
* Targeted killing
* Targeted Killing in International Law
* Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World
* Unitary executive theory
* Unlawful combatant
* CAGE

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

Controversies surrounding people captured during the war on terror

Guantanamo Bay
detention camp|

* Suicide attempts
* Human rights violations
* Quran desecration controversy
* Boycott of military tribunals
* Former captives alleged to have (re)joined insurgency
* Hunger strikes
* Force feeding
* Homicide accusations
* Juvenile prisoners
* Seton Hall reports

CIA black site operations|

* Enhanced interrogation techniques
* Ghost detainees
* Waterboarding
* Destruction of interrogation tapes
* Music torture

Prison and detainee abuse|

* Abu Ghraib
* Bagram
* Canadian Afghan detainee issue
* Black jail
* Salt Pit
* Bruce Jessen
* James Elmer Mitchell
* Operating Base Ripley

Prison uprisings
and escapes|

* Battle of Qala-i-Jangi
* Battle of Abu Ghraib
* 2008 Sarposa Prison mass escape
* Basra prison incident
* Afghan escapes
* Iraqi escapes

Deaths in custody|

* Dilawar
* Jamal Nasser
* Abdul Wahid
* Habibullah
* Abed Hamed Mowhoush
* Manadel al-Jamadi
* Nagem Hatab
* Baha Mousa
* Fashad Mohamed
* Muhammad Zaidan
* Gul Rahman
* Abdul Wali
* Dasht-i-Leili massacre

Tortured|

* Abu Zubaydah
* Mohamedou Ould Salahi
* Mohammed al-Qahtani
* Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
* Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri
* Binyam Mohamed
* Khalid El-Masri

Forced disappearances|

* Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi
* Abdu Ali al Haji Sharqawi
* Mohammed Omar Abdel-Rahman
* Tariq Mahmood
* Hassan Ghul
* Musaad Aruchi
* Hiwa Abdul Rahman Rashul

Reports and legal developments|

* Ryder Report
* Fay Report
* Taguba Report
* Church Report
* Detainee Treatment Act
* Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
* Military Commissions Act of 2006
* Senate Armed Services Committee Report
* Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture

Related media|

* The Road to Guantánamo
* Taxi to the Dark Side
* Standard Operating Procedure
* Torturing Democracy
* Enemy Combatant
* The Report

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