Family tree of English monarchs

This is the family tree for monarchs of England (and Wales after 1282) from Alfred the Great to Elizabeth I of England. The House of Wessex family tree precedes this family tree and the family tree of the British royal family follows it.

(see List of monarchs of Wessex)

As to the medieval histories of Scotland and Wales:

* The family tree of Scottish monarchs covers the same period in Scotland and, equally as shown, directly precedes the family tree of the British royal family.
* The family tree of Welsh monarchs is relevant before the 1282 conquest by England.

For a simplified family tree see family tree of British monarchs (and alternative successions of the English and British crown for unsuccessful claimants' family trees).

## Key

[edit]

Red borders indicate British monarchs| | Bold borders indicate legitimate children of British monarchs| | Bold red borders indicate British monarchs who were legitimate children of British monarchs

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## Houses of Wessex, Knýtlinga, and Godwinson

[edit]

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Alfred the Great
849–899
King of the West Saxons
from 871
King of the Anglo-Saxons
r. c. 886 – 899| | Ealhswith
d. 902

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Æthelred
d. 911
Lord of the Mercians| | Æthelflæd
c. 870–918
Lady of the Mercians| | Ecgwynn
890s| | Edward the Elder
c. 874/877-924
King of the Anglo-Saxons
r. 899–924| | | | Eadgifu of Kent
c. 903–966| | | | | | Ælfflæd
c. 899-919| | Æthelweard
d. 920 or 922| | Ælfthryth of Wessex
877–929| | Baldwin II
c. 865–918
Margrave of Flanders
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| | | | Ælfwynn
"Second Lady of the Mercians"
b. c. 888| | | | | | Æthelstan
c. 893/895–939
King of the Anglo-Saxons
r. 924–927
King of the English, Disputed
r. 927–939| | | | | | | Ælfweard of Wessex
c. 902–924| | | Charles III
879–929
King of Western Francia
and King of Lotharingia| | Eadgifu of Wessex
902–after955| | Herbert III
Herbert the old, Heribert le Vieux
910–980/985
Count of Omois| | Edwin
d. 933|

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| | | | Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
Saint Elgiva
d. 944| | Edmund I
921–946
King of the English
r. 939–946| | Æthelflæd| | Eadred
923–955
King of the English
r. 946–955| | Eadburh of Winchester
d. 960| | Eadgyth
910–946
Queen of Germany| | Otto I
912–973
Holy Roman Emperor| | Eadhild
d. 937| | Hugh
the Great
898–956
Duke of the Franks|
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sigrid
the Haughty
(?)
Queen consort of Sweden| | Sweyn Forkbeard
Forkbeard
963–1014
King of the English
r. 1013–1014| | Gunhild
of Wenden
c. 960–1014

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Ælfgifu| | Eadwig
All-Fair
d. 959
King of England
r. 955–959| | Æthelflæd| | Edgar I
the Peaceful
c. 943–975
King of England
r. 959–975| | Ælfthryth
c. 945–1000/1001| | | | | | Harald II
c. 996–998–c. 1018
King of Denmark| | | | | | | Estrid Svendsdatter
990/997–1057/1073
Danish Princess| | Richard I
Duke of Normandy
933–996
Comté de Rouen|
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| | | | | | | | Edward the Martyr
the Martyr
c. 962–978
King of England
r. 975–978| | Edmund
c. 966 – c. 970| | Ælfgifu
of York
fl. c. 970–1002| | Æthelred
the Unready
c. 966–1016
King of the English
r. 978–1013 r. 1014–1016| | Emma
of Normandy
c. 985–1052| | Cnut
the Great
c. 985/995–1035
King of England
r. 1016–1035| | Ælfgifu
of Northampton
c. 990–after1040| | Richard II
963–1026
Duke of Normandy|
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Æthelstan Ætheling
980s–1014| | Edmund II
Ironside
c. 990–1016
King of the English
r. 1016| | Ealdgyth
c. 992-after1016| | Eadred Ætheling
d. c. 1012| | Eadwig Ætheling
d. 1017| | Godwin
1001–1053
Earl of Wessex| | | Harthacnut
c. 1018–1042
King of the English
r. 1040–1042| | Gunhilda
of Denmark
c. 1020–1038
Queen of Germany| | Svein
Knutsson
c. 1016–1035
King of Norway| | Harold I
Harefoot
c. 1015–1040
King of the English
r. 1035/1037–1040| | |

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| | | | Edmund Ætheling
c. 1015/1017–before1054| | Edward
the Exile
1016–1057| | Agatha,
before1030–after1070| | Harold Godwinson
c. 1022–1066
King of the English
r. 1066| | Edith
of Wessex
c. 1025–1075| | Edward the Confessor
the Confessor
1003/1005–1066
King of the English
r. 1042–1066| | Alfred Aetheling
d. 1036| | Godgifu
1004–c. 1047 | | Robert I
1000–1035
Duke of Normandy
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Edgar Ætheling
the Ætheling
c. 1051–1126
King of England
r. 1066| | Cristina
d. c. 1100| | Saint Margaret of Scotland
c. 1045–1093
Queen of Scotland| | Malcolm III
c. 1031–1093
King of Scots| | Gytha
of Wessex
d. 1098/1107| | Gunhild
of Wessex| | | | | | | | | | William I
the Conqueror
c. 1028–1087
King of England
r. 1066–1087

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Matilda of Scotland
c. 1080–1118| | Henry I
c. 1068–1135
King of England
r. 1100–1135

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## House of Normandy and House of Blois

[edit]

Main article: House of Normandy

Main article: House of Blois

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Robert I
1000–1035
Duke of Normandy| | Herleva
c. 1003 – c. 1050

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | William I
The Conqueror
c. 1028–1087
King of England
r. 1066–1087| | Matilda
of Flanders
c. 1031–1083| | | | | | | | | | Malcolm III
d. 1093
King of Scotland

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Robert II
Duke of Normandy
c. 1054–1134| | Richard
of Normandy
c. 1054 – c. 1070| | Adeliza
of Normandy
c. 1055–before1113| | Cecilia
of Normandy
c. 1056–1126| | William II
Rufus
c. 1056–1100
King of the English
r. 1087–1100| | Agatha
of Normandy
c. 1064 – c. 1080| | Constance
of Normandy
c. 1066–1090| | Stephen Henry
c. 1045–1102
Count of Blois| | Adela
of Normandy
c. 1067–1137| | Matilda
of Scotland
c. 1080–1118| | Henry I
Beauclerc
c. 1068–1135
King of England
r. 1100–1135| | Adeliza
of Louvain
1103–1151
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fulk the Younger
1089/1092–1143
Count of Anjou

King of Jerusalem| | Matilda I
c. 1105–1152
Countess of Boulogne| | Stephen
of Blois
c. 1092–1154
King of England
r. 1135–1141 r. 1141–1154| | Others| | | | | | |

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| | | | Louis VI
1081–1137
King of the Franks| | | | | | William Clito
Count of Flanders
1102–1128| | Sibylla
of Anjou
c. 1112–1165| | | | | | | | | | | Geoffrey V
1113–1151
Count of Anjou| | Empress Matilda
Holy Roman Empress
c. 1102–1167
Queen of England, Disputed
r. 1141| | Henry V
1086–1125
Holy Roman Emperor| | William Adelin
1103–1120
Duke of Normandy| | Matilda
of Anjou
c. 1111–1154
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| | | | Louis VII
1120–1180
King of France| | Constance of France
1124–1176
Countess of Toulouse| | Eustace IV
c. 1129–1153
Count of Boulogne| | Matthew of Alsace
c. 1137–1173
Count of Boulogne| | Marie I
1136–1182| | William I
c. 1137–1159
Count of Boulogne| | | | | | House of Plantagenet

## House of Plantagenet

[edit]

Main article: House of Plantagenet

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Geoffrey V
1113–1151
Count of Anjou| | Empress Matilda
Holy Roman Empress
c. 1102–1167
Queen of England, Disputed
r. 1141

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| | | | Louis VII
1120–1180
King of France| | | | | | Eleanor
of Aquitaine
c. 1122–1204| | | | | | Henry II
1133–1189
King of England
r. 1154–1189| | Geoffrey VI
1134–1158
Count of Nantes| | William FitzEmpress
1136–1163/1164
Viscount of Dieppe
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William IX
1153–1156
Count of Poitiers| | Margaret of France
1157–1197
Queen of Hungary| | Henry the Young King
1155–1183
Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine| | Matilda of England
1156–1189| | Henry III & XII
The Lion
1129–1195
Duke of Saxony & Duke of Bavaria| | | Geoffrey II
1158–1186
Duke of Brittany| | Constance
1161–1201| | Eleanor of England
1162–1214| | Alfonso VIII
1155–1214
King of Castile| | William II
1155–1189
King of Sicily| | Joan of England
1165–1199| | Raymond VI
1156–1222
Count of Toulouse
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House of Welf| | Berengaria
of Navarre
c. 1165–1230| | Richard I
King of England
1157–1199
r. 1189–1199| | Isabella of Angoulême
1188–1246| | John
King of England
1166–1216
r. 1199–1216| | Isabel
c. 1173–1217
Countess of Gloucester| | Eleanor of Brittany
c. 1184–1241
Fair Maid of Brittany| | Matilda of Brittany
1185–before1189| | Arthur I
4th Earl of Richmond
1187–1203
Duke of Brittany| | House of Burgundy| | Bohemond
Duke of Apulia| | Counts of Rouergue
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Eleanor
of Provence
c. 1223–1291| | Henry III
1207–1272
King of England
r. 1216–1272| | Isabel Marshal
1200–1240| | Richard
1209–1272
Earl of Cornwall| | Sanchia
of Provence
c. 1228–1261| | Joan
of England
1210–1238| | Alexander II
1198–1249
King of Scotland| | Isabella of England
1214–1241| | Frederick II
1194–1250
Holy Roman Emperor| | Simon de Montfort
1208–1265
6th Earl of Leicester| | Eleanor
of England
1215–1275| | William Marshal
1190–1231
2nd Earl of Pembroke
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| | | | | | | | | Henry
of Almain & of Cornwall
1235–1271| | Richard
of Cornwall| | Edmund of Almain
1249–1300
2nd Earl of Cornwall| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | House of Hohenstaufen| | | | | | |
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Philip III
1245–1285
King of France| | Ferdinand III
1199/1201–1252
King of Castile| | | | | | | Sir Henry de Montfort
1238–1265| | Simon VI
1240–1271
de Montfort the Younger| | Amaury de Montfort
1242–1301| | Richard de Montfort
1252–1266| | | Joanna de Montfort
1248/1251| | Guy de Montfort
1244–c. 1288
Count of Nola| | Margherita Aldobrandesca
Lady of Sovana| | Eleanor de Montfort
1252–1282
Lady of Snowdon| | Llywelyn II
c. 1223–1282
Prince of Wales

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| | | | | Eleanor
of Castile
1241–1290| | Edward I
King of England
1239–1307
r. 1272–1307| | Margare
of France
1279–1318| | Katherine
1253–1257| | Aveline de Forz
1259–1274
Countess of Aumale & Lady of Holderness| | Edmund Crouchback
1245–1296
1st Earl of Lancaster| | Blanche
of Artois
1248–1302
Queen of Navarre and Countess of Champagne| | Beatrice
of England
1242–1275| | John II
1239–1305
Duke of Brittany| | Margaret of England
1240–1275| | Alexander III
1241–1286
King of Scotland
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Philip IV
1268–1314
King of France| | | | | | | Katherine
c. 1261–1264| | Joan
1265| | John
1266–1271| | Henry of England
Prince of England
1267–1274| | Eleanor of England
1269–1298| | Henry III
1259–1302
Count of Bar| | Gilbert de Clare
1243–1295
6th Earl of Hertford
7th Earl of Gloucester| | Joan
of Acre
Princess of England
1272–1307| | Ralph de Monthermer
Earl of Gloucester, Hertford, and Atholl
c. 1270–1325
1st Baron Monthermer| | |
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Isabella
of France
c. 1295–1358| | Edward II
1284–1327
King of England
r. 1307–1327| | Alphonso
1273–1284
Earl of Chester| | Margaret of England
1275–1333| | John II
1275–1312
Duke of Brabant, Lothier and Limburg| | Berengaria
1276–1278| | Mary
of Woodstock
1279–c. 1332| | John I
1284–1299
Count of Holland| | Elizabeth
of Rhuddlan
1282–1316| | Humphrey (VII) de Bohun
1276–1322
4th Earl of Hereford| | | | | | |
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| | | | | Alice Hayles| | Thomas
of Brotherton
1300–1338
1st Earl of Norfolk| | Mary Braose| | Edmund
of Woodstock
1301–1330
1st Earl of Kent| | Margaret Wake
c. 1297–1349
3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell| | Eleanor
1306–1310
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Philippa
of Hainault
1314–1369| | Edward III
1312–1377
King of England
r. 1327–1377| | John
of Eltham
1316–1336
1st Earl of Cornwall| | | Eleanor
of Woodstock
1318–1355| | Reginald II
c. 1295–1343
Duke of Guelders| | Joan
of the Tower
1321–1362| | David II
1324–1371
King of Scotland
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| | | | | Isabella of England
1332–1379/1382| | Enguerrand VII de Coucy
1340–1397
Lord of Coucy, Earl of Bedford| | | Joan of England
1335–1348| | William of Hatfield
1337| | Mary of Waltham
of Waltham
1344–1362| | John IV
the Conqueror
1339–1399
Duke of Brittany| | Margaret
of England
1346–1361| | John Hastings
1347–1375
2nd Earl of Pembroke| | William of Windsor
1348| | Thomas
of Woodstock
1355–1397
1st Duke of Gloucester| | Eleanor de Bohun
c. 1366–1399
Duchess of Aumale, Countess of Buckingham and Countess of Essex
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| | | | Edward
of Woodstock
The Black Prince
1330–1376| | Joan
4th Countess of Kent
1328–1385
5th Baroness Wake of Liddell
Princess of Wales and of Aquitaine| | Blanche
of Lancaster
c. 1347–1368
Duchess of Lancaster| | John
of Gaunt
1340–1399
Duke of Lancaster| | | Constance of Castile
1354–1394| | | Katherine Swynford
1350–1403| | Edmund
of Langley
1341–1402
1st Duke of York| | Isabella
of Castile
c. 1355–1392| | Elizabeth de Burgh
1332–1363
4th Countess of Ulster| | Lionel
of Antwerp
1338–1368
1st Duke of Clarence| | Violante (Jolantha) Visconti
1354–1386
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Edward of Angoulême
1365–1370| | Anne
of Bohemia
1366–1394| | Richard II
1367–1400
King of England
r. 1377–1399| | Isabella
of Valois
1389–1409| | House of Lancaster| | John of Lancaster
1374–1375| | Catherine
of Lancaster
1373–1418| | Henry III
1379–1406
King of Castile and León| | | | | | | Edmund Mortimer
1352–1381
3rd Earl of March| | Philippa of Clarence
1355–1382
5th Countess of Ulster & 6th Baroness of Connaught
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1374–1398
4th Earl of March, 6th Earl of Ulster| | Alianore Holland
1373–1405

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Edward
c. 1373–1415
2nd Duke of York| | Richard
of Conisburgh
c. 1375–1415
3rd Earl of Cambridge| | Anne de Mortimer
1390–1411

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## Houses of Lancaster and York

[edit]

Main article: House of Lancaster

Main article: Wars of the Roses

Main article: House of York

| | | | House of York| | Peter
of Castile
1334–1369
King of Castile and León| | | | | | | | | | Edward III
1312–1377
King of England
r. 1327–1377| | | | | | Henry
of Grosmont
c. 1310–1361
Duke of Lancaster| | House of Lancaster

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Isabella of Castile
c. 1355–1392| | Edmund
of Langley
1341–1402
1st Duke of York| | Joan Holland
c. 1380–1434| | Edward
of Woodstock
The Black Prince
1330–1376
Count of Kent| | Joan
1328–1385| | Thomas Holland
c. 1314–1360
1st Earl of Kent & 2nd Baron Holand, and jure uxoris| | | | | | Blanche
of Lancaster
1342–1368| | John
of Gaunt
1340–1399
1st Duke of Lancaster| | | Constance of Castile
1354–1394| | | | Katherine Swynford
1350–1403
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Edward
1373–1415
2nd Duke of York| | Philippa Mohun
c. 1367–1431| | | Constance
of York
c. 1374–1416| | Thomas Despenser
1373–1400
1st Earl of Gloucester| | Richard II
1367–1400
King of England
r. 1377–1399| | John Holland
c. 1352–1400
1st Duke of Exeter| | Elizabeth of Lancaster
1363–1426| | John Cornwall
c. 1364–1443
1st Baron Fanhope| | | Philippa
of Lancaster
1360–1415| | John I
1358–1433
King of Portugal| | | | | | | |
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Anne de Mortimer
1390–1411| | Richard
of Conisburgh
c. 1375–1415
3rd Earl of Cambridge| | Matilda Clifford| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mary de Bohun
c. 1368–1394
Countess of Northampton & of Derby| | Henry IV
1366–1413
King of England
r. 1399–1413| | Joan of Navarre
Duchess of Brittany
c. 1370–1437| | Catherine
of Lancaster
1373–1418| | Henry III
1379–1406
King of Castile| | |
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| | | | | Henry
of Cambridge| | Louis III
1378–1436
Elector Palatine| | Blanche of England
& of Lancaster
1392–1409| | | Anne
of Burgundy
1404–1432| | John
of Lancaster
1389–1435
Duke of Bedford| | Jacquetta
of Luxembourg
1415/1416–1472| | Richard Woodville
1405–1469
1st Earl Rivers| | Henry V
1386–1422
King of England
r. 1413–1422| | Catherine
of Valois
1401–1437| | Sir Owen Tudor
c. 1392–1461
Welsh courtier| | |
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| | | | | Thomas
of Lancaster
1387–1421
1st Duke of Clarence| | Jacqueline
1401–1436
Ctss. of Hainaut| | Humphrey of Lancaster
1390–1447
Duke of Gloucester| | Eleanor Cobham
c. 1400–1452| | Philippa of England
& of Lancaster
1394–1430| | Eric VII
of Pomerania
1381–1459
King of Denmark| | | | | | | Henry VI
1421–1471
King of England
r. 1422–1461 r. 1470–1471| | Margaret
of Anjou
1430–1482| | | | | | | |
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| | | | | Thomas Beaufort
c. 1377–1426
Duke of Exeter| | Margaret Neville
of Horneby| | Ralph Neville
c. 1364–1425
1st Earl of Westmorland| | Joan Beaufort
c. 1379–1440| | Robert Ferrers of Wem
c. 1373–1396
Baron Boteler of Wem| | Henry Beaufort
c. 1375–1447
Bishop of Winchester| | | Margaret Holland
Duchess of Clarence
1385–1439| | John Beaufort
c. 1371–1410
1st Earl of Somerset| | Edward
of Westminster
1453–1471
Prince of Wales| | | | |
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Isabel
of Cambridge
1409–1484| | Henry Bourchier
c. 1404–1483
1st Earl of Essex| | Richard
of York
1411–1460
3rd Duke of York| | Cecily Neville
1415–1495| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | John Beaufort
1403–1444
1st Duke of Somerset| | Margaret Beauchamp
of Bletso
1405/1406–1482| | | | |
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Henry Holland
1430–1475
3rd Duke of Exeter| | Anne
of York
1439–1476| | Sir Thomas St. Leger
d. 1483| | Edmund
1443–1460
Earl of Rutland| | | John de la Pole
1442–1491/1492
2nd Duke of Suffolk| | Elizabeth
of York
1444–1503| | Edward IV
1442–1483
King of England
r. 1461–1470 r. 1471–1483| | Elizabeth Woodville
c. 1437–1492| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Anne Neville
1456–1485| | Richard III
1452–1485
King of England
r. 1483–1485| | Isabella Neville
Duchess of Clarence
1451–1476| | George Plantagenet
1449–1478
Duke of Clarence| | Margaret
of York
1446–1503| | Charles
the Bold
1433–1477
Duke of Burgundy| | | | | | | | | | | Lady Margaret Beaufort
1441/1443–1509| | Edmund Tudor
1430–1456
1st Earl of Richmond| | Jasper Tudor
1431–1495
Duke of Bedford
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Edward
of Middleham, Prince of Wales
c. 1473–1484| | | Thomas Kymbe| | | Ralph Scrope
of Upsall| | | Cecily
of York
1469–1507| | John Welles
c. 1450–1498
1st Viscount Welles| | Mary
of York
1467–1482| | Edward V
1470–1483
King of England
r. 1483| | Margaret
of York
1472| | Richard
of Shrewsbury
1473–1483
1st Duke of York| | | Elizabeth
of York
1466–1503| | Henry VII
1457–1509
King of England
r. 1485–1509
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Anne
of York
1470| | Edward Plantagenet
1475–1499
17th Earl of Warwick| | | Richard
of York
1476–1477| | | | | | George of York
1477–1479
1st Duke of Bedford| | Thomas Howard
1473–1554
3rd Duke of Norfolk| | Anne of York
1475–1511
Lady Howard| | Bridget
of York
1480–1517| | Catherine
of York
1479–1527| | William Courtenay
1475–1511
1st Earl of Devon| | House of Tudor

| | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| | | | Richard Pole
1462–1504| | Margaret Plantagenet
1473–1541
Countess of Salisbury

## House of Tudor

[edit]

Main article: House of Tudor

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Henry VII
1457–1509
King of England
r. 1485–1509| | Elizabeth
of York
1466–1503

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| | | | | |
| | | | | James IV
1473–1513
King of Scotland| | Margaret Tudor
1489–1541| | Archibald Douglas
c. 1489–1557
6th Earl of Angus| | | Henry Stewart
c. 1495–1552
1st Lord Methven| | | Elizabeth Tudor
1492–1495
Princess of England| | Louis XII
1462–1515
King of France| | Mary Tudor
1496–1533| | Charles Brandon
c. 1484–1545
1st Duke of Suffolk| | Edmund Tudor
1499–1500
Duke of Somerset| | Katherine Tudor
Princess of England
1503
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Arthur Tudor
1486–1502
Prince of Wales| | | | | | | | | | | | Catherine of Aragon
1485–1536| | Henry VIII
1491–1547
King of England
r. 1509–1547| | Anne Boleyn
1501/1507–1536| | | Jane Seymour
c. 1508–1537| | | Anne of Cleves
1515–1557| | | Catherine Howard
1518/1524–1542| | | Catherine Parr
1512–1548| | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Madeleine
French princess
of Valois
1520–1537| | James V
1512–1542
King of Scotland| | Mary
of Guise
1515–1560| | Margaret Douglas
1515–1578| | Matthew Stewart
1516–1571
4th Earl of Lennox| | Mary I
1516–1558
Queen of England
r. 1553–1558| | Philip II[a]
1527–1598
King of Spain
King of England
r. 1553–1558 Jure uxoris| | Henry FitzRoy
1519–1536
Duke of Richmond and Somerset| | Elizabeth I
1533–1603
Queen of England
r. 1558–1603| | Edward VI
1537–1553
King of England
r. 1547–1553| | |
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Francis II
1544–1560
King of France| | Mary I
1542–1587
Mary Queen of Scots| | Henry Stuart
1545–1567
1st Duke of Orkney| | | James Hepburn
c. 1534–1578
4th Earl of Bothwell| | | | | | Henry Grey
1517–1554
1st Duke of Suffolk & 3rd Marquess of Dorset| | Frances Grey
1517–1559| | Adrian Stokes (courtier)
1533–1586| | Eleanor Clifford
1519–1547| | Henry Clifford
1517–1570
2nd Earl of Cumberland
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| | | | House of Stuart| | | | | | | | | | Thomas Keyes
captain of Sandgate Castle
1544–1571| | Mary Keyes
1545–1578| | Sir Henry Herbert
after1538–1601
2nd Earl of Pembroke| | Katherine Seymour
1540–1568
Lady Herbert| | Edward Seymour
1539–1621
1st Earl of Hertford| | Jane Grey
1536/1537–1554
Queen of England, Disputed
r. 1553| | Lord Guildford Dudley
c. 1535–1554
| | |

## See also

[edit]

* History of the English monarchy
* Lists of monarchs in the British Isles
* Simplified English and British monarchs family tree

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Title as King of England

## References

[edit]

* "The Continental Dynasties 1066–1216" (PDF). The official website of the British Monarchy. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-04-26.
* "The Plantagenet Dynasties 1216–1485" (PDF). The official website of the British Monarchy. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-04-26.
* "The Tudors 1485–1603 and the Stuarts 1603–1714" (PDF). The official website of the British Monarchy. Retrieved 2010-07-30.

* v
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See also|

* Family tree
* Ahnentafel
* genealogical numbering systems
* Quarters of nobility
* seize quartiers
* Royal descent

*[r.]: reigned
*[d.]: died
*[c.]: circa
*[b.]: born
*[fl.]: floruit ('flourished' – known to have been active at a particular time or during a particular period)
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