Fatah

Palestinian political party

For other uses, see Fatah (disambiguation).

Palestinian National Liberation Movement

حركة التحرير الوطني الفلسطيني

Abbreviation| Fatah
فتح (Arabic)
Chairman| Mahmoud Abbas
Secretary-General| Jibril Rajoub
Vice Chairman| Mahmoud Aloul
Founders|

* Yasser Arafat
* Khaled Yashruti
* Salah Khalaf
* Khalil al-Wazir

Founded|

* 1959 (as a political movement)
* 1965 (as a political party)[1]

Headquarters| Ramallah, West Bank
Youth wing| Fatah Youth
Paramilitary wing| Al-'Asifah (1965–2000)
al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (2000–2007)
Ideology|

* Palestinian nationalism[2]
* Social democracy[3][4]
* Arab socialism[5]
* Secularism[8]
* Pan-Arabism[9]
* Anti-imperialism[10][11]

Political position| Centre-left[16][A]
National affiliation| Palestine Liberation Organization
European affiliation| Party of European Socialists (observer)
International affiliation|

* Progressive Alliance
* Socialist International

Colours|   Yellow
Slogan| يا جبل ما يهزك ريح‎
Yā jabal mā yhizzak rīḥ
('O mountain, no wind can shake you')
ثورة حتى النصر‎
Thawra ḥattā l-naṣr
('Revolution until victory')
Palestinian Legislative Council|

45 / 132

Flag
Website
fatehmedia.ps

* Politics of Palestine
* Political parties
* Elections

* * *

^ A: The Fatah is referred to as the centrist by Palestinian political standards;[17][18][19] it is distinguished from the Palestinian left in a narrow sense.[20][21] However, Fatah is considered a left-wing party in that it is the main opposition to right-wing Hamas.[22]

Fatah

Groups|

* Al-'Asifah (1965–2000)
* Black September Organization (1970–1988)
* Fatah Special Operations Group (?–?)
* Force 14 (1960s–2001)
* Force 17 (1970s–2007)
* Fatah Hawks (1991–2005)
* Tanzim (1995–2005)
* Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (2000–2007)

Dates of operation| 1959–2007[23]
Headquarters| Ramallah, West Bank
Size| 2,000–3,000 (2006)[24][25]
Part of| Palestine Liberation Organization
Allies| State allies:

* Algeria[26]
* Saudi Arabia[27]
* Kuwait[28]
* Syria (until 2024)[29]
* Iraq (until 2003)
* United Kingdom[30]
* United States[31][32][33]

Opponents| State opponents:

* Iran[34]
* Israel (until 1993)[35]
Non-state opponents:
* Hamas (reconciliation ongoing)
* Lebanese Front[36]
* Abu Nidal Organization

Battles and wars|

* War of Attrition
* Black September
* Lebanese Civil War
* Uganda–Tanzania War
* First Intifada
* Second Intifada
* 2006 Gaza–Israel conflict
* Fatah–Hamas conflict
* Battle of Gaza (2007)
* Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon

Designated as a terrorist group by| Until 1988:
Israel
United States

Fatah (/ˈfɑːtə, fəˈtɑː/ FAH-tə, fə-TAH; Arabic: فتح, romanized: Fatḥ [ˈfʌtɑħ]), officially the Palestinian National Liberation Movement (حركة التحرير الوطني الفلسطيني, Ḥarakat at-Taḥrīr al-Waṭanī l-Filasṭīnī),[37] is a Palestinian nationalist and social democratic political party. It is the largest faction of the confederated multi-party Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the second-largest party in the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). Mahmoud Abbas, the president of the Palestinian Authority, is the chairman of Fatah.

Fatah was historically involved in armed struggle against the state of Israel (as well as Jordan during the Black September conflict in 1970–1971) and maintained a number of militant groups,[38] which carried out attacks against military targets as well as Israeli civllians, notably including the 1978 coastal road massacre, though the group disengaged from armed conflict against Israel around the time of the Oslo Accords, when it recognised Israel, which gave it limited control over the occupied Palestinian territories. During the Second Intifada (2000–2005), Fatah intensified armed conflict against Israel, claiming responsibility for a number of suicide attacks. Fatah had been closely identified with the leadership of its founder and chairman, Yasser Arafat, until his death in 2004, when Farouk Kaddoumi constitutionally succeeded him to the position of Fatah Chairman and continued in the position until 2009, when Abbas was elected chairman. Since Arafat's death, factionalism within the ideologically diverse movement has become more apparent.

In the 2006 election for the PLC, the party lost its majority in the PLC to Hamas. The Hamas legislative victory led to a conflict between Fatah and Hamas, with Fatah retaining control of the Palestinian National Authority in the West Bank through its president. Fatah is also active in the control of Palestinian refugee camps.[39][40]

## Etymology

[edit]

The full name of the movement is Ḥarakat al-Taḥrīr al-Waṭanī l-Filasṭīnī, meaning the "Palestinian National Liberation Movement". From this was crafted the inverted and reverse acronym Fatḥ (generally rendered in English as Fatah), meaning "opening", "conquering", or "victory".[41] The word fatḥ is used in religious discourse to signify the Islamic expansion in the first centuries of Islamic history – as in Fatḥ al-Shām, the "conquering of the Levant". Fatḥ also has religious significance in that it is the name of the 48th sura (chapter) of the Quran which, according to major Muslim commentators, details the story of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. During the peaceful two years after the Hudaybiyyah treaty, many converted to Islam, increasing the strength of the Muslim side. It was the breach of this treaty by the Quraysh[42] that triggered the conquest of Mecca. This Islamic precedent was cited by Yasser Arafat as justification for his signing the Oslo Accords with Israel.[43][44]

## History

[edit]

### Establishment

[edit]

Yasser Arafat was the primary founder of Fatah and its leader until his 2004 death.

The Fatah movement was founded in 1959 by members of the Palestinian diaspora, principally by professionals working in the Persian Gulf States, especially Kuwait (then a British protectorate) where the founders Salah Khalaf, Khalil al-Wazir, Yasser Arafat resided. The founders had studied in Cairo or Beirut and had been refugees in Gaza. Salah Khalaf and Khalil al-Wazir were official members of the Muslim Brotherhood. Yasser Arafat had previously been head of the General Union of Palestinian Students (GUPS) at the Cairo University (1952–1956), whilst another co-founder, Khaled Yashruti, then a 22-year-old student, was the GUPS head in Beirut.[45] Upon founding, Arafat summoned Mahmud Abbas (who was residing in Qatar, then a British protectorate) to join.[46] The group of Gulf-based young Palestinian professionals were the core of Fatah in its early days of existence.[46] Fatah espoused a Palestinian nationalist ideology in which Palestinian Arabs would be liberated by their own actions.

Immediately after its establishment the name of the movement was first used in Falastinuna which was the official media organ of the Fatah.[47]

### 1967–1993

[edit]

Fatah became the dominant force in Palestinian politics after the Six-Day War in 1967.

Fatah joined the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1967, and was allocated 33 of 105 seats in the PLO Executive Committee. Fatah's Yasser Arafat became Chairman of the PLO in 1969, after the position was ceded to him by Yahya Hammuda.[45] According to the BBC, "Mr Arafat took over as chairman of the executive committee of the PLO in 1969, a year that Fatah is recorded to have carried out 2,432 guerrilla attacks on Israel."[48]

#### Battle of Karameh

[edit]

Main article: Battle of Karameh

Israeli troops in combat in Karameh

Throughout 1968, Fatah and other Palestinian armed groups were the target of a major Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) operation in the Jordanian village of Karameh, where the Fatah headquarters – as well as a mid-sized Palestinian refugee camp – were located. The town's name is the Arabic word for "dignity", which elevated its symbolism to the Arab people, especially after the Arab defeat in 1967. The operation was in response to attacks against Israel, including rockets strikes from Fatah and other Palestinian militias into the occupied West Bank. Knowledge of the operation was available well ahead of time, and the government of Jordan (as well as a number of Fatah commandos) informed Arafat of Israel's large-scale military preparations. Upon hearing the news, many guerrilla groups in the area, including George Habash's newly formed group the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and Nayef Hawatmeh's breakaway organization the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), withdrew their forces from the town. Fatah leaders were advised by a pro-Fatah Jordanian divisional commander to withdraw their men and headquarters to nearby hills, but on Arafat's orders, Fatah remained, and the Jordanian Army agreed to back them if heavy fighting ensued.[45]

On the night of 21 March, the IDF attacked Karameh with heavy weaponry, armored vehicles and fighter jets.[45] Fatah held its ground, surprising the Israeli military. As Israel's forces intensified their campaign, the Jordanian Army became involved, causing the Israelis to retreat in order to avoid a full-scale war.[49] By the end of the battle, nearly 150 Fatah militants had been killed, as well as twenty Jordanian soldiers and twenty-eight Israeli soldiers. Despite the higher Arab death toll, Fatah considered themselves victorious because of the Israeli army's rapid withdrawal.[45]

#### Black September

[edit]

Further information: Black September

In the late 1960s, tensions between Palestinians and the Jordanian government increased greatly; heavily armed Arab resistance elements had created a virtual "state within a state" in Jordan, eventually controlling several strategic positions in that country. After their victory in the Battle of Karameh, Fatah and other Palestinian militias began taking control of civil life in Jordan. They set up roadblocks, publicly humiliated Jordanian police forces, molested women and levied illegal taxes – all of which Arafat either condoned or ignored.[50][51]

In 1970, the Jordanian government moved to regain control over its territory, and the next day,[dubious – discuss] King Hussein declared martial law.[51] By 25 September, the Jordanian army achieved dominance in the fighting, and two days later Arafat and Hussein agreed to a series of ceasefires. The Jordanian army inflicted heavy casualties upon the Palestinians – including civilians – who suffered approximately 3,500 fatalities. Two thousand Fatah fighters managed to enter Syria. They crossed the border into Lebanon to join Fatah forces in that country, where they set up their new headquarters. A large group of guerrilla fighters led by Fatah field commander Abu Ali Iyad held out the Jordanian Army's offensive in the northern city of Ajlun until they were decisively defeated in July 1971. Abu Ali Iyad was executed and surviving members of his commando force formed the Black September Organization, a splinter group of Fatah. In November 1971, the group assassinated Jordanian prime minister Wasfi al-Tal as retaliation to Abu Ali Iyad's execution.[52]

In the 1960s and the 1970s, Fatah provided training to a wide range of European, Middle Eastern, Asian, and African militant and insurgent groups, and carried out numerous attacks against Israeli targets in Western Europe and the Middle East during the 1970s. Some militant groups that affiliated themselves to Fatah, and some of the fedayeen within Fatah itself, carried out civilian-aircraft hijackings and terrorist attacks, attributing them to Black September, Abu Nidal's Fatah-Revolutionary Council, Abu Musa's group, the PFLP, and the PFLP-GC.[dubious – discuss] Fatah received weapons, explosives and training from the Soviet Union and some of the communist states of East Europe. China and Algeria also provided munitions.[citation needed] In 1979, Fatah aided Uganda during the Uganda–Tanzania War. Members of the organization fought alongside the Uganda Army and Libyan troops against the Tanzania People's Defence Force during the Battle of Lukaya and the Fall of Kampala, but were eventually forced to retreat from the country.[53]

#### Lebanon

[edit]

Further information: Lebanese Civil War

Since the death of Eljamal in 1968, the Palestinian cause had a large base of supporters in Lebanon.

Although hesitant at first to take sides in the conflict, Arafat and Fatah played an important role in the Lebanese Civil War. Succumbing to pressure from PLO sub-groups such as the PFLP, DFLP and the Palestine Liberation Front (PLF), Fatah aligned itself with the communist and Nasserist Lebanese National Movement (LNM). Although originally aligned with Fatah, Syrian President Hafez al-Assad feared a loss of influence in Lebanon and switched sides. He sent his army, along with the Syrian-backed Palestinian factions of as-Sa'iqa and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC) led by Ahmad Jibril to fight alongside the Christian forces against the PLO and the LNM. The primary component of the Christian militias was the Maronite Phalangists.[54]

Phalangist forces killed twenty-six Fatah trainees on a bus in April 1975, marking the official start of the 15-year-long Lebanese civil war. Later that year, an alliance of Christian militias overran the Palestinian refugee camp of Karantina killing over 1,000 civilians.[55] The PLO and LNM retaliated by attacking the town of Damour, a Phalangist and Tigers (Ahrar) stronghold, killing 684 civilians.[54] As the civil war progressed over 2 years of urban warfare, both parties resorted to massive artillery duels and heavy use of sniper nests, while atrocities and war crimes were committed by both sides.

In 1976, with strategic planning help from the Lebanese Army, the alliance of Christian militias, spearheaded by the National Liberal Party of former President Cammille Chamoun militant branch, the noumour el ahrar (NLP Tigers), took a pivotal refugee camp in the Eastern part of Beirut, the Tel al-Zaatar camp, after a six-month siege, also known as Tel al-Zaatar massacre in which hundreds perished.[57] Arafat and Abu Jihad blamed themselves for not successfully organizing a rescue effort.[54]

PLO cross-border raids against Israel grew somewhat during the late 1970s.[citation needed] One of the most severe – known as the Coastal Road massacre – occurred on 11 March 1978. A force of nearly a dozen Fatah fighters landed their boats near a major coastal road connecting the city of Haifa with Tel Aviv-Yafo. There they hijacked a bus and sprayed gunfire inside and at passing vehicles, killing thirty-seven civilians.[58] In response, the IDF launched Operation Litani three days later, with the goal of taking control of Southern Lebanon up to the Litani River. The IDF achieved this goal, and Fatah withdrew to the north into Beirut.[59]

Israel invaded Lebanon again in 1982. Beirut was soon besieged and bombarded by the IDF;[54] to end the siege, the US and European governments brokered an agreement guaranteeing safe passage for Arafat and Fatah – guarded by a multinational force – to exile in Tunis. Despite the exile, many Fatah commanders and fighters remained in Lebanon, and they faced the War of the Camps in the 1980s in their fight with the Shia Amal Movement and also in connection with internal schisms within the Palestinian factions.[54]

### After 1993

[edit]

Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, and Yasser Arafat during the Oslo Accords signing ceremony at the White House on 13 September 1993 Fatah leader Mahmoud Abbas with U.S. President Joe Biden at the Palestinian Presidential Palace in Bethlehem on 15 July 2022

#### Presidential and legislative elections

[edit]

In the 1993–1995 Oslo Accords, Fatah, as part of the PLO, made some interim agreements with Israel, including recognition of Israel by the PLO. Until his 2004 death, Arafat headed the Palestinian National Authority, the provisional entity created as a result of those Oslo Accords. Soon after Arafat's death, Farouk Kaddoumi was elected to the post, which he continues to hold.

Fatah nominated Mahmoud Abbas in the Palestinian presidential election of 2005.

In 2005, Hamas won in nearly all the municipalities it contested. Political analyst Salah Abdel-Shafi told the BBC about the difficulties of Fatah leadership: "I think it's very, very serious – it's becoming obvious that they can't agree on anything." Fatah is "widely seen as being in desperate need of reform," as "the PA's performance has been a story of corruption and incompetence – and Fatah has been tainted."[60]

#### Internal discord

[edit]

In December 2005, jailed Intifada leader Marwan Barghouti broke ranks with the party and announced that he had formed a new political list to run in the elections called the al-Mustaqbal ("The Future"), mainly composed of members of Fatah's "Young Guard." These younger leaders have repeatedly expressed frustration with the entrenched corruption in the party, which has been run by the "Old Guard" who returned from exile in Tunisia following the Oslo Accords. Al-Mustaqbal was to campaign against Fatah in the 2006 Palestinian legislative election, presenting a list including Mohammed Dahlan, Kadoura Fares, Samir Mashharawi and Jibril Rajoub.[61] However, on 28 December 2005, the leadership of the two factions agreed to submit a single list to voters, headed by Barghouti, who began actively campaigning for Fatah from his jail cell.[62][63]

There have been numerous other expressions of discontent within Fatah, which is just holding its first general congress in two decades. Because of this, the movement remains largely dominated by aging cadres from the pre-Oslo era of Palestinian politics. Several of them gained their positions through the patronage of Yasser Arafat, who balanced above the different factions, and the era after his death in 2004 has seen increased infighting among these groups, who jockey for influence over future development, the political line, funds, and constituencies. There is concern over the succession once Abbas leaves power.[64]

Palestinian enclaves in May 2023 (Area A and B under the Oslo II Accord). Area A (light yellow) is exclusively administered by the Fatah-controlled Palestinian National Authority.

There have been no open splits within the older generation of Fatah politicians since the 1980s, though there is occasional friction between members of the top leadership. One founding member, Faruq al-Qaddumi (Abu Lutf), continues to openly oppose the post-Oslo arrangements and has intensified his campaign for a more hardline position from exile in Tunis. Since Arafat's death, he is formally head of Fatah's political bureau and chairman, but his actual political following within Fatah appears limited. He has at times openly challenged the legitimacy of Abbas and harshly criticized both him and Mohammed Dahlan, but despite threats to splinter the movement, he remains in his position, and his challenges have so far been fruitless. Another influential veteran, Hani al-Hassan, has also openly criticized the present leadership.

Fatah's internal conflicts have also, due to the creation of the Palestinian Authority, merged with the turf wars between different PA security services, e.g., a longstanding rivalry between the West Bank (Jibril Rajoub) and Gaza (Muhammad Dahlan) branches of the powerful Preventive Security Service. Foreign backing for different factions contribute to conflict, e.g., with the United States generally seen as supportive of Abbas's overall leadership and of Dahlan's security influence, and Syria alleged to promote Faruq al-Qaddumi's challenge to the present leadership. The younger generations of Fatah, especially within the militant al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, have been more prone to splits, and a number of lesser networks in Gaza and the West Bank have established themselves as either independent organizations or joined Hamas. However, such overt breaks with the movement have still been rather uncommon, despite numerous rivalries inside and between competing local Fatah groups.[citation needed]

#### 2009: Sixth General Assembly

[edit]

The Sixth General Assembly of the Fatah Movement began on 4 August 2009 in Bethlehem, nearly 16 years after the Oslo I Accord and 20 years since the last Fatah convention, after being repeatedly postponed over conflicts ranging from representation to venue.[65] More than 2,000 delegates attended the meeting,[66] while another 400 from the Gaza Strip were unable to attend the conference after Hamas barred them from traveling to the West Bank.[67]

The internal dissension was immediately obvious.[citation needed] Saudi King Abdullah told the delegates that divisions among the Palestinians were more damaging to their cause of an independent state than the Israeli "enemy".[67]

Delegates resolved not to resume Israeli-Palestinian peace talks until 14 preconditions were met. Among these preconditions were the release of all Israel-held Palestinian prisoners, a freeze on all Israeli settlement construction, and an end to the Gaza blockade.[68]

By affirming its option for "armed resistance" against Israel, Fatah appealed to Palestinians who wanted a more hardline response to Israel.[69]

Israeli deputy foreign minister Danny Ayalon said the conference was a "serious blow to peace" and "was another lost opportunity for the Palestinian leadership to adopt moderate views."[70]

#### Elections to Central Committee and Revolutionary Council

[edit]

On 9 August 2009, new members of the Central Committee of Fatah and the Revolutionary Council were chosen.[71] Delegates voted to fill 18 seats on the 23-seat Central Committee, and 81 seats on the 128-seat Revolutionary Council after a week of deliberations. At least 70 new members entered the latter, with 20 seats going to Fatah representatives from the Gaza Strip, 11 seats filled by women (the highest number of votes went to one woman who spent years in Israeli jails for her role in the resistance), four seats went to Christians, and one was filled by a Jewish-born convert to Islam, Uri Davis, the first Jewish-born person to be elected to the Revolutionary Council since its founding in 1958. Fatah activists from the Palestinian diaspora were also represented and included Samir Rifai, Fatah's secretary in Syria, and Khaled Abu Usba.

A demonstration in support of Fatah in Gaza City in January 2013

Elected to the central council was Fadwa Barghouti, the wife of Marwan Barghouti who was serving five life sentences in Israel for his role in terrorist attacks on civilians in Israel during the Second Intifada.

#### Reconciliation process with Hamas

[edit]

Main article: Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process

A meeting of the Revolutionary Council was held in Ramallah from 18 to 19 October 2014. Many important questions were discussed, including reconciliation with Hamas. Opinion was divided on this issue.[72]

#### 2016: Seventh Congress

[edit]

In December 2016, more than 1400 members of Fatah's 7th Congress elected 18 members of the Central Committee and 80 for the Revolutionary Council. Six new members were added to the Central Committee while 12 were reelected. Outgoing members included Nabil Shaath, Nabil Abu Rudeineh, Zakaria al-Agha and Tayib Abdul Rahim.[73]

Its leader Abu Ashraf Al-Armoushi and his comrades were killed in the Al-Basateen neighborhood of Ain Al-Helweh camp on 30 July 2023 during a fighting.[74][75][76]

## Ideology

[edit]

Fatah has "Member Party" status at the Socialist International[77] and has "Observer Party" status within the Party of European Socialists.[78]

The November 1959 edition of Fatah's underground journal Filastinuna Nida al-Hayat indicated that the movement was motivated by the status of the Palestinian refugees in the Arab world:

>     The youth of the catastrophe (shibab al-nakba) are dispersed... Life in the tent has become as miserable as death... [T]o die for our beloved Motherland is better and more honorable than life, which forces us to eat our daily bread under humiliations or to receive it as charity at the cost of our honour... We, the sons of the catastrophe, are no longer willing to live this dirty, despicable life, this life which has destroyed our cultural, moral and political existence and destroyed our human dignity.[79]

Armed struggle – as manifested in the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine and the military role of Palestinian fighters under the leadership of Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War – was central to Fatah's initial ideology of how to liberate Palestine.[45]

## Structure

[edit]

Fatah's two most important decision-making bodies are the Central Committee and Revolutionary Council. The Central Committee is mainly an executive body, while the Revolutionary Council is Fatah's legislative body.[72][80][81]

### Armed factions

[edit]

Fatah has maintained a number of militant groups since its founding. Its mainstream military branch is al-'Asifah. Fatah is generally considered to have had a strong involvement in terrorism in the past,[82][83][38][84] though unlike its rival Islamist faction Hamas, Fatah is no longer regarded as a terrorist organization by any government. Fatah used to be designated terrorist under Israeli law and was considered terrorist by the United States Department of State and United States Congress until it renounced terrorism in 1988.[85][86][87][88][89]

Fatah has, since its inception, created, led or sponsored a number of armed groups and militias, some of which have had an official standing as the movement's armed wing, and some of which have not been publicly or even internally recognized as such. The group has also dominated various PLO and Palestinian Authority forces and security services which were/are not officially tied to Fatah, but in practice have served as wholly pro-Fatah armed units, and been staffed largely by members. The original name for Fatah's armed wing was al-'Asifah ("The Storm"), and this was also the name Fatah first used in its communiques, trying for some time to conceal its identity. This name has since been applied more generally to Fatah armed forces, and does not correspond to a single unit today. Other militant groups associated with Fatah include:

* Force 17. Plays a role akin to the Presidential Guard for senior Fatah leaders.[citation needed] Created by Yasser Arafat.
* Black September Organization. A group formed by leading Fatah members in 1971, following the events of the "Black September" in Jordan, to organize clandestine attacks with which Fatah did not want to be openly associated. These included strikes against leading Jordanian politicians as a means of exacting vengeance and raising the price for attacking the Palestinian movement; and also, most controversially, for "international operations" (e.g. the Munich Olympics massacre), intended to put pressure on the US, Europe and Israel, to raise the visibility of the Palestinian cause and to upstage radical rivals such as the PFLP. Fatah publicly disassociated itself from the group, but it is widely believed that it enjoyed Arafat's direct or tacit backing. It was discontinued in 1973–1974, as Fatah's political line shifted again, and the Black September operations and the strategy behind them were seen as having become a political liability, rather than an asset.
* Fatah Hawks. An armed militia active mainly until the mid-1990s.
* Tanzim. A branch of Fatah under the leadership of Marwan Barghouti, with roots in the activism of the First Intifada, which carried out armed attacks in the early days of the Second Intifada. It was later subsumed or sidelined by the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.
* Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades. Created during the Second Intifada to bolster the organization's militant standing vis-à-vis the rival Hamas movement, which had taken the lead in attacks on Israel after 1993, and was gaining rapidly in popularity with the advent of the Intifada. The Brigades are locally organized and have been said to suffer from poor cohesion and internal discipline, at times ignoring ceasefires and other initiatives announced by the central Fatah leadership. They are generally seen as tied to the "young guard" of Fatah politics, organizing young members on the street level, but it is not clear that they form a faction in themselves inside Fatah politics; rather, different Brigades units may be tied to different Fatah factional leaders.

During the Second Intifada, the group was a member of the Palestinian National and Islamic Forces.[90]

### Constitution

[edit]

In August 2009, at Fatah's Sixth General Conference in Bethlehem, Fatah delegates drew up a new "internal charter".[91]

## Electoral performance

[edit]

### Presidential elections

[edit]

Election year  | Candidate(s)  | Votes  | %  | Result

|
|
|
|

1996 | Yasser Arafat | 643,079  | 89.82  | Y Victory
2005 | Mahmoud Abbas | 501,448  | 67.38  | Y Victory

### Legislative Council

[edit]

Election  | Leading candidate  | Votes  | %  | Seats  | +/–  | Position

|
|
|
|
|
|

1996 | Yasser Arafat | 1,085,593  | 30.90  |

50 / 88

| New  | 1st
2006 | Faruq al-Qaddumi | 410,554  | 41.43  |

45 / 132

| 5  | 2nd

## See also

[edit]

* Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* List of Fatah members
* List of political parties in the Palestinian National Authority
* Palestinian political violence

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "مفوضية التعبئة والتنظيم - فصائل منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية". Fatehorg.ps. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
2. ^ "Jailed Fatah leader Barghouti: Gaza war was victory for Palestinians". The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com. 18 September 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
3. ^ Wienthal, Benjamin. "German Jews slam party for working with Fatah". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2 May 2016. "[Sigmar Gabriel] added that Fatah was part of the values of social democracy and was represented in the European coalition of social democrats as an observer partner."
4. ^ "Only 6% of Gazans now want Hamas to continue operations after war with Israel ends: Poll". Firstpost. 3 March 2025. Retrieved 26 July 2025. "Following the ceasefire, support for Fatah, a Palestinian nationalist and social democratic political party, rose by 12 percentage points, as per the poll"
5. ^ "Quién fue Yasser Arafat?". 17 March 2019.
6. ^ Ulrika Möller, Isabell Schierenbeck, ed. (2014). Political Leadership, Nascent Statehood and Democracy: A comparative study. Routledge. p. 139\. ISBN 9781317673101.
7. ^ Yonah Alexander, ed. (2021). Palestinian Secular Terrorism: Profiles of Fatah, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command, and Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine. BRILL.
8. ^ [6][7]
9. ^ Committee, United States Congress House Internal Security (1974). Terrorism, a Staff Study Prepared by ..., August 1, 1974. p. 34.
10. ^ "Rewriting history, Abbas calls Israel a 'colonial project' unrelated to Judaism". The Times of Israel.
11. ^ Ely Karmon, ed. (June 2005). Coalitions Between Terrorist Organizations: Revolutionaries, Nationalists and Islamists. Brill. p. 291\. ISBN 9789047407386. "Fatah's affiliation with the anti-imperialist Third World movement was far more concrete and enduring than ETA's brief flirtation with the idea of tercermundismo."
12. ^ Youssef H., Aboul-Enein, ed. (2011). Militant Islamist Ideology: Understanding the Global Threat. Naval Institute Press. p. 230\. ISBN 9781317755098. "Fatah is a major Palestinian political party and the largest faction of the Palestine liberation Organization (PlO), a multiparty confederation. in Palestinian politics, it is on the center-left of the spectrum."
13. ^ Jeffrey Ian Ross, ed. (4 March 2015). "center-left"+"Fatah"&pg=PT73 Religion and Violence: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict from Antiquity to the Present. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317461081. "The Brigades originated from Fatah (Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini, or Movement of Liberation of the Nation of the Palestinians), a secular nationalist party of center-left and the oldest and largest organization of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)."
14. ^ Youssef Aboul-Enein; Youssef H.; Aboul-Enein, eds. (15 January 2011). Militant Islamist Ideology: Understanding the Global Threat. Naval Institute Press. p. 230\. ISBN 9781612510156. "Fatah is a major Palestinian political party and the largest faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a multiparty confederation. In Palestinian politics, it is on the center-left of the spectrum."
15. ^ Muqtedar Khan (12 November 2004). "Yasser Arafat's Unfinished Saga". Brookings Institution. Retrieved 26 July 2025. "The emergence of the Islamic movement as an alternative to his more or less center-left secular Fatah movement has divided the Palestinian people and their aspirations."
16. ^ [12][13][14][15]
17. ^ Colin P. Clarke, ed. (2018). Terrorism. "The PLO is comprised of centrist-nationalist groups (such as al-Fatah), rightist groups, leftist groups (including communists), militant groups, and nonmilitant groups."
18. ^ Christina, Rachel (2006). Tend the Olive, Water the Vine: Globalization and the Negotiation of Early Childhood in Palestine. IAP-Information. p. xxi. ISBN 9781607525592. "A Palestinian organization, affiliated with the centrist Fatah movement, which filtered funds from the Palestinian diaspora back into social services in the West Bank and Gaza Strip."
19. ^ Marshall Breger; Yitzhak Reiter; Leonard Hammer, eds. (2013). Sacred Space in Israel and Palestine: Religion and Politics. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781136490330. "Even Fatah (the centrist party of the Palestine Liberation Organization led by Yasser Arafat), which had supported Hamas's Gazan campaign against the Communist Party and the Popular and Democratic Fronts, suffered the onslaughts of the movement just prior to the outbreak of the Intifada."
20. ^ Halabi, Yakub (2016). Democratic Peace Across the Middle East: Islam and Political Modernisation. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9780857728821. "The failure of the Palestinian left in consolidating a counterweight to the right-wing Islamic Hamas or to the centrist Fatah, furthermore, left Palestinian voters with no viable alternative to Hamas or Fatah."
21. ^ Avi Tuschman, ed. (3 September 2013). Our Political Nature: The Evolutionary Origins of What Divides Us. Prometheus Books. p. 53\. ISBN 9781616148249. "On the Muslim Palestinian side, respondents with the lowest scores sup- ported left-wing parties; intermediate scorers supported the centrist Fatah party; and those who scored highest supported Hamas and Islamic Jihad (which have "destroy Israel" ideologies)."
22. ^ Carl Dahlström, Lena Wängnerud, ed. (2015). Elites, Institutions and the Quality of Government. Springer.
23. ^ "Palestinian govt platform drops "armed resistance"". Reuters. 9 August 2007.
24. ^ "New Fatah militia to counter Hamas". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
25. ^ "Palestinian tensions mount as Fatah deploys new militia force". The Independent. 3 June 2006. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
26. ^ Karmon, Ely (1 June 2005). Coalitions Between Terrorist Organizations: Revolutionaries, Nationalists and Islamists. BRILL. p. 236\. ISBN 978-90-474-0738-6.
27. ^ Committee, United States Congress House Internal Security (1974). Terrorism, a Staff Study Prepared by ..., August 1, 1974. p. 34.
28. ^ Committee, United States Congress House Internal Security (1974). Terrorism, a Staff Study Prepared by ..., August 1, 1974. p. 34.
29. ^ Hasaneen, Mai Abu (16 January 2022). "Fatah builds bridges with Syria after rupture with Hamas - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East". www.al-monitor.com. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
30. ^ Crooke, Alastair. "Blair's counter-insurgency "surge"". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on April 5, 2018.
31. ^ Rose, David (March 3, 2008). "The Gaza Bombshell". vanityfair.com. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018.
32. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2013.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
33. ^ "MIDEAST: This 'Bombshell' Took a Year Falling - Inter Press Service". www.ipsnews.net. April 2, 2008. Archived from the original on April 5, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
34. ^ "Palestinian Fatah group says Iran trying to spread chaos in West Bank". Reuters. 3 April 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
35. ^ "What is the Palestinian Authority and what is its relationship with Israel?".
36. ^ Salhani, Justin. "Beyond Hezbollah: The history of tensions between Lebanon and Israel". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
37. ^ "Al-Zaytouna Centre". Alzaytouna.net. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
38. ^ a b Terrorism in Tel Aviv Time Friday, 13 Sep 1968
39. ^ "Palestinian Leader of Hezbollah-linked Ansar Allah leaves Lebanon to Syria". 7 November 2018.
40. ^ "Lebanese army deployed to Palestinian camp after Fatah-Ansar Allah clash". 26 October 2018.
41. ^ "Fatah". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 29 November 2007. "Fatah [...] inverted acronym of Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini [...]"
42. ^ Martijn Theodoor Houtsma, P.J. Bearman; et al. (2000). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume X (Tā'-U[..]). Brill. p. 539.
43. ^ "معهد واشنطن - معهد واشنطن لسياسة الشرق الأدنى". Arabic.washingtoninstitute.org. Archived from the original on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
44. ^ "Thursday, May 21, 1998 Arafat Again Calls Oslo Accords A Temporary Truce". IMRA. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
45. ^ a b c d e f Aburish 1998, pp. 41–90.
46. ^ a b Gowers, Andrew; Walker, Tony (1991). Behind the Myth: Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Revolution. New York: Olive Branch Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-940793-86-6.
47. ^ Shemesh, Moshe (2006). "The Fida'iyyun Organization's Contribution to the Descent to the Six-Day War". Israel Studies. 11 (1): 3. doi:10.2979/isr.2006.11.1.1. ISSN 1084-9513. S2CID 145315984.
48. ^ "Fatah: Political heavyweight floored". BBC News. 4 August 2009. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
49. ^ Bulloch, John (1983). Final Conflict. Faber Publishing. p. 165\. ISBN 978-0-7126-0171-9. OCLC 9803075.
50. ^ Sayigh, Yezid (1997). Armed Struggle and the Search for State, the Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-829643-0. OCLC 185547145.
51. ^ a b Aburish 1998, p. 100–112.
52. ^ Seale, 1992, pp.81–82.
53. ^ Janan Osama al-Salwadi (27 February 2017). "مهمة "فتح" في أوغندا" [Fatah's mission in Uganda]. Al Akhbar (Lebanon) (in Arabic). Retrieved 6 October 2019.
54. ^ a b c d e Aburish 1998, p. 150–175.
55. ^ Harris, William (1996). Faces of Lebanon. Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions. Markus Wiener Publishers. pp. 162–165. ISBN 978-1-55876-115-5. OCLC 34753518.
56. ^ "The Civil War ...1975". Lebanese-American Association. Archived 8 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
57. ^ Disputed; in Faces of Lebanon. Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions pp. 162–165, William Harris states "Perhaps 3,000 Palestinians, mostly civilians, died in the siege and its aftermath." The Lebanese-American Association[56] suggests several thousand.
58. ^ "133 Statement to the press by Prime Minister Begin on the massacre of Israelis on the Haifa – Tel Aviv Road- 12 March 1978". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 12 May 1978.
59. ^ "Time Line: Lebanon Israel Controls South". BBC News. BBC MMVII. 9 October 2007. Retrieved 9 October 2007.
60. ^ Johnston, Alan (27 March 2005). "Fatah faces reform crossroads". BBC News. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
61. ^ "Fatah officials negotiate with Barghouti". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
62. ^ "Crisis of Representation". Reut-institute.org. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
63. ^ Erlanger, Steven (15 December 2005). "Main Palestinian Faction Splits Sharply Ahead of Election". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 January 2007.
64. ^ "Managing Palestine's Looming Leadership Transition". Crisis Group. 1 February 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
65. ^ editiorial.jpost.com Fatah's goals. Last accessed 11 August 2009.
66. ^ "Delegates gather for Fatah congress". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
67. ^ a b "Disputes break out at Fatah conference in Bethlehem". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 6 July 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
68. ^ "Israel News". 8 July 2012. Archived from the original on 8 July 2012.
69. ^ Lyons, John (8 August 2009). "Israel to blame for Arafat death: Fatah". The Australian. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
70. ^ "Arafat assassination accusation irks Israel". The Jerusalem Post. 6 August 2009.
71. ^ Abdul-Rahim: Fatah conference 90 percent over. Ma'an News Agency, 9 August 2009
72. ^ a b Fatah's Revolutionary Council grapples with growing issues. Adnan Abu Amer, Al-Monitor, 27 October 2014
73. ^ WAFA, ed. (5 December 2016). "Fatah Congress elects Central Committee and Revolutionary Council members". Retrieved 5 December 2016.
74. ^ "Brigadier General Abu Ashraf Al-Armoushi has been killed". MTV Lebanon. 30 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
75. ^ "Fatah Leader Abu Ashraf al-Armoushi killed in Ain al-Hilweh". NNA. 30 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
76. ^ "Fighting erupts in Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon". Jordan News. 30 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
77. ^ "Library". Socialist International.
78. ^ "PES member parties". Party of European Socialists. Archived from the original on 3 May 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
79. ^ Baumgarten 2005, p. 32.
80. ^ Xinhua News Agency. Fatah begins vote count for revolutionary council after delays Archived 7 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine by Saud Abu Ramadan. Last accessed: 14 August 2009.
81. ^ JPost. Fatah moves 'to remove, defeat occupation' by KHALED ABU TOAMEH. Last accessed: 14 August 2009.
82. ^ "terrorism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
83. ^ "Palestine". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
84. ^ Phares, Walid (13 November 1974). "Arafat's 'means' failed in the end". NBC News. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
85. ^ "Israel ministry of Defense". Mod.gov.il. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
86. ^ Kushner, Harvey W. (2003). Encyclopedia of Terrorism (illustrated ed.). SAGE. pp. 13–15, 281–83. ISBN 978-0-7619-2408-1. OCLC 50725450.
87. ^ Lubasch, Arnold H. (30 June 1988). "Judge Rules PLO Can Retain Office". The New York Times.
88. ^ Palestine Information Office v. Shultz, 853 F.2d 932 (D.C.Cir. 1988).
89. ^ "United States Department of State Bulletin". United States Department of State. 15 September 1987. Archived from the original on 8 August 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
90. ^ Statement issued by the National and Islamic Forces Archived 25 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine 10 February 2001
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## Bibliography

[edit]

* Aburish, Said (1998). Arafat, From Defender to Dictator. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-58234-049-4. OCLC 61189464.
* Seale, Patrick (1992). Abu Nidal: a gun for hire. Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-40066-0. OCLC 24628222.
* Baumgarten, Helga (2005). "The three faces/phases of Palestinian nationalism, 1948–2005". Journal of Palestine Studies. 34 (4): 25–48\. doi:10.1525/jps.2005.34.4.25.
* Haghshenas, Seyyed Ali, "Social and political structure of Lebanon and its influence on [the] appearance of [the] Amal Movement", Tehran, Iran, 2009.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fatah.

* Official website
* Former website (archived)
* Fatah's Constitution
* (in Arabic) Al-Krama Newspaper (Fatah's PR Office)
* Definition of Fatah Archived 12 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine
* Interview on Radio France International with Fatah Central Committee member Abdallah Al Frangi Archived 8 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine
* Collection of over 300 Fatah posters
* Attacks attributed to FATAH on the START terrorism database

* v
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Fatah and their splinter groups

History|

* History of Fatah
* Palestine Liberation Organization

Leaders|

* Yasser Arafat
* Mahmoud Abbas

Media|

* Falastinuna
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* Voice of Palestine

Defunct|

* Al-'Asifah
* Black September Organization
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* Tanzim

Conflicts|

*   * Six-Day War
* War of Attrition
* Battle of Karameh
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* First Intifada
* Second Intifada
* Fatah–Hamas conflict
* 2006 Palestinian legislative election
* Battle of Gaza (2007)
* Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process

Schisms|

* Abu Nidal Organization
* Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades
* Arab People's Movement
* Fatah al-Intifada
* Marwan Barghouti's Al-Mustaqbal (electoral list)‎
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Fatah

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Political parties in Palestine

Palestinian
Legislative
Council|

* Hamas (74)
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History

Participants

| Israelis|

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Palestinians|

| Principals|

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Other groups|

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Third-party groups|

* Arab League
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Individuals

| Israelis|

* Moshe Arens
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|

Palestinians|

* Abu Abbas
* Mahmoud Abbas
* Moussa Arafat
* Yasser Arafat
* Yahya Ayyash
* Marwan Barghouti
* Mohammed Dahlan
* Mohammed Deif
* George Habash
* Wadie Haddad
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* Amin al-Husayni
* Ghazi Jabali
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* Zuheir Mohsen
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* Izz ad-Din al-Qassam
* Jibril Rajoub
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| Background|

| 1920–1948|

* 1920
* Nebi Musa riots
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|

| 1948–1970|

* 1948 Arab–Israeli War
* massacres
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* 1949–1956 Palestinian expulsions
* 1953 Qibya massacre
* 1956 Suez Crisis / Kafr Qasim / Khan Yunis / Rafah massacres
* 1967 Six-Day War / Naksa
* 1967–1970 War of Attrition
* 1968 Battle of Karameh

|

Palestinian
insurgency

| 1968–1982|

* 1970 Avivim school bus bombing
* 1972 Sabena Flight 571 / Munich massacre / "Bayonet" (1973 Lillehammer affair)
* 1974 Kiryat Shmona massacre / Ma'alot massacre
* 1975 Savoy Hotel attack
* 1976 Entebbe raid
* 1978 Coastal road massacre / South Lebanon conflict
* 1980 Misgav Am hostage crisis

|

| 1973–1987|

* 1973 Yom Kippur War
* 1975 Zion Square bombing
* 1982 Lebanon War
* Siege of Beirut
* 1983 1983 West Bank fainting epidemic
* 1984 Bus 300 affair
* 1985 Achille Lauro hijacking / "Wooden Leg"
* 1987 Night of the Gliders

|

First Intifada|

| 1987–1991|

* 1988 Tunis raid
* 1989 Bus 405 attack
* 1990 Temple Mount killings
* 1990s Palestinian suicide attacks
* list
* 1994 Cave of the Patriarchs massacre

|

Second Intifada|

| 2000–2005|

* Palestinian rocket attacks
* Palestinian suicide attacks
* list
* Israeli assassinations
* 2000 October events
* 2001 Santorini
* 2002 Karine A / "Defensive Shield" / Battle of Jenin / Battle of Nablus / "Determined Path"
* 2003 Ain es Saheb airstrike
* 2004 "Rainbow" / Beit Hanoun raid / "Days of Penitence"

|

Palestinian dissident
campaigns

| 2006–present|

* 2006 "Bringing Home the Goods"
* 2008 Jerusalem yeshiva attack / Jerusalem bulldozer attack
* 2009 Al-Aqsa clashes
* 2010 Palestinian militancy campaign
* 2015–2016 violence
* 2017 Temple Mount crisis
* 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis
* 2022 Al-Aqsa clashes

|

Gaza–Israel
conflict

| 2006–present|

* 2006 Gaza beach explosion / Gaza cross-border raid / "Summer Rains" / "Autumn Clouds" / Beit Hanoun shelling
* 2008 Egypt–Gaza border breach / "Hot Winter"
* 2008–2009 Gaza War
* 2010 Gaza flotilla raid
* 2012 "Returning Echo" / "Pillar of Defense"
* 2014 "Protective Edge"
* 2015 Freedom Flotilla III
* 2018 Gaza border protests / November clashes
* 2019 May clashes / "Black Belt"
* 2021 "Guardian of the Walls"
* 2022 "Breaking Dawn"
* 2023 "Shield and Arrow" / Gaza war

|

Diplomacy/law

| Timeline|

| 1948–1991|

* 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
* depopulated towns and villages
* 1949 Lausanne Conference
* 1967–present Israeli settlement
* settler violence
* international law

|

1990s|

* 1981–1982 Fahd Plan
* 1991 Madrid Conference
* 1993–1995 Oslo Accords
* 1994 Paris Protocol
* 1994 Gaza–Jericho Agreement
* 1994–present US security assistance to the PA
* 1997 Hebron Agreement
* 1998 Wye River Memorandum
* 1999 Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum

2000s|

* 2000 Camp David Summit / Clinton Parameters
* 2001 Taba Summit
* 2002 Quartet established
* 2003 Road Map
* 2005 Israeli disengagement from Gaza
* 2005 Agreement on Movement and Access
* 2006 Valley of Peace initiative
* 2007 Annapolis Conference
* 2009 Aftonbladet Israel controversy

2010s|

* 2010–11 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
* 2011 Palestine Papers
* 2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
* 2023–present Gaza genocide

United Nations|

| General|

* Israel and the UN
* Palestine and the UN
* UNRWA

|

Resolutions|

* List concerning Israel
* List concerning Palestine
* 1947 UNGA Resolution 181
* 1948 UNGA Resolution 194
* 1967 UNSC Resolution 242
* 1980 UNSC Resolution 478
* 2006 UNSC Resolution 1701
* 2012 UNGA Resolution 67/19
* 2023 UNSC Resolution 2720

Investigations|

* 2009 Goldstone Report
* 2015 UNHRC Report

ICJ cases|

* 2004 Wall construction
* 2023–present South African allegation of genocide
* 2024 Nicaragua v. Germany
* 2023–2024 Israeli occupation
* 2024–2025 UNRWA ban

ICC|

* Palestine investigation
* arrest warrants

Analysis

* Anti-Palestinianism
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* Criticism of Hamas
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* Media coverage
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* There was no such thing as Palestinians

* v
* t
* e

Socialist International

* International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International
* International League of Religious Socialists
* International Union of Socialist Youth
* Party of European Socialists
* Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
* Socialist International Women

Member parties

|    |

* Socialist Party of Albania
* Socialist Forces Front
* Social Democratic Party
* MPLA
* Radical Civic Union
* Socialist Party
* Armenian Revolutionary Federation
* People's Electoral Movement
* Australian Labor Party
* Social Democratic Party of Austria
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* Social Democratic Party
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* PBSD
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* New Democratic Party
* PAICV
* Party for Democracy
* Socialist Party
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* National Liberation Party
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* Movement for Social Democracy
* Partido MAN
* Czech Social Democratic Party
* Social Democrats
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* CPDS

* Social Democratic Party
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* National Democratic Congress
* PASOK
* National Unity of Hope
* Rally of the Guinean People
* PFSDH
* Hungarian Socialist Party
* Social Democratic Alliance
* Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
* Labour Party
* Meretz
* Italian Socialist Party
* Social Democratic Party
* Progressive Socialist Party
* Social Democratic Party
* Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party
* Democratic Action Party
* ADEMA-PASJ
* Rally for Mali
* Rally of Democratic Forces
* Mauritian Militant Movement
* Labour Party
* Institutional Revolutionary Party
* Party of the Democratic Revolution
* Democratic Party of Moldova
* People's Party
* Social Democratic Party
* Democratic Party of Socialists
* Social Democratic Party
* USFP
* Frelimo Party
* SWAPO

* Nepali Congress
* FSLN
* PNDS
* Peoples Party
* Fatah
* Democratic Revolutionary Party
* PPS
* Revolutionary Febrerista Party
* APRA
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* Socialist Party
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* Party of Socialists and Democrats
* Socialist Party
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* Direction – Social Democracy
* African National Congress
* PSOE
* Social Democratic Party
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* Chama Cha Mapinduzi
* FDTL
* Republican People's Party
* Social Democratic and Labour Party
* New Space
* Socialist Party of Uruguay
* Democratic Action
* Movement for Socialism
* Popular Will
* POLISARIO Front
* Socialist Party
* Movement for Democratic Change

|
|
|

* v
* t
* e

Party of European Socialists

European Parliament group: Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats

Parties|

| Member states|

* SPÖ
* PS
* V
* BSP/БСП
* SDP
* EDEK/ΕΔΕΚ
* SOCDEM
* A
* SDE
* SDP
* PS
* SPD
* PA.SO.K./ΠΑ.ΣΟ.Κ.
* DK
* MSZP
* Lab
* PD
* PSI
* Saskaņa
* LSDP
* LSAP
* PL
* PvdA
* NL
* PS
* PSD
* SMER-SD
* SD
* PSOE
* SAP

|

Member parties (non-EU)|

* AP
* Lab
* SDLP

Associated parties (EU)|

* PBSD/БСДП
* Hlas-SD

Associated parties (non-EU)|

* PS
* SDP BiH
* S
* VV
* DPS
* SDP
* SDSM/СДСМ
* DS
* SP/PS
* CHP
* DEM Party

Observer parties (EU)|

* LSDSP

Observer parties (non-EU)|

* PS
* ARF
* ESDP/الديمقراطي
* Dem
* PDM
* USPT
* CTP
* Fatah/فتح
* PSD
* SSP
* FDTL

Former observer parties (non-EU)|

* GD

Presidents|

* Wilhelm Dröscher
* Robert Pontillon
* Joop den Uyl
* Vítor Constâncio
* Guy Spitaels
* Willy Claes
* Rudolf Scharping
* Robin Cook
* Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
* Sergey Stanishev
* Stefan Löfven

Leaders in the
European Parliament|

* Guy Mollet
* Hendrik Fayat
* Pierre Lapie
* Willi Birkelbach
* Käte Strobel
* Francis Vals
* Georges Spénale
* Ludwig Spénale
* Ernest Glinne
* Rudi Arndt
* Jean-Pierre Cot
* Pauline Green
* Enrique Barón
* Martin Schulz
* Hannes Swoboda
* Gianni Pittella
* Udo Bullmann
* Iratxe García

* * *

European Commissioners (2024–2029)|

* Glenn Micallef (Intergenerational Fairness, Youth, Culture, and Sport)
* Dan Jørgensen (Energy and Housing)
* Roxana Mînzatu (Executive VP for Skills, Education and Culture, Quality Jobs, and Social Rights)
* Teresa Ribera (Executive VP for Clean, Just and Competitive Transition)
* Maroš Šefčovič (Trade and Economic Security, Interinstitutional Relations, and Transparency)
* see Von der Leyen Commission II

Heads of government|

* Mette Frederiksen (Denmark)
* Robert Abela (Malta)
* Pedro Sánchez (Spain)
* Keir Starmer (United Kingdom)

Heads of state|

* Frank-Walter Steinmeier (Germany)
* George Vella (Malta)
* Michael D. Higgins (Ireland)
* Zoran Milanović (Croatia)

* v
* t
* e

Arab nationalism

Ideology|

* Arab socialism
* Arab-Islamic nationalism
* Ba'athism
* Assadism
* Neo-Ba'athism
* Saddamism
* Nasserism
* Pan-Arabism
* Third International Theory

History|

* Arab Revolt
* Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
* 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
* Iraqi Revolt
* Arab separatism in Khuzestan
* 1979 Khuzestan insurgency
* Great Syrian Revolt
* 1941 Iraqi coup d'état
* Anglo-Iraqi War
* Arab–Israeli conflict
* Suez Crisis
* Six-Day War
* War of Attrition
* Yom Kippur War
* Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* 1952 Egyptian revolution
* Iraqi Intifada
* Algerian War
* 14 July Revolution
* 1959 Mosul uprising
* 1961 Syrian coup d'état
* Arab Cold War
* North Yemen civil war
* Ramadan Revolution
* 1963 Syrian coup d'état
* Dhofar rebellion
* November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
* Aden Emergency
* 1966 Syrian coup d'état
* 17 July Revolution
* 1969 Sudanese coup d'état
* 1969 Libyan revolution
* Black September
* Lebanese Civil War
* Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
* Yemeni unification

Concepts|

* Arab identity
* Arab Union
* Arab world
* Arabization

Personalities|

* Butrus al-Bustani
* Michel Aflaq
* Jassem Alwan
* Yasser Arafat
* Abdul Rahman Arif
* Abdul Salam Arif
* Zaki al-Arsuzi
* Bashar al-Assad
* Hafez al-Assad
* Jamal al-Atassi
* Mansur al-Atrash
* Sultan al-Atrash
* Tariq Aziz
* Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
* Ahmed Ben Bella
* Salah al-Din al-Bitar
* Izzat Darwaza
* Faisal I
* Muammar Gaddafi
* Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
* George Habash
* Sati' al-Husri
* Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
* Saddam Hussein
* Amin al-Husseini
* Salah Jadid
* Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
* Mostéfa Merarda
* Gamal Abdel Nasser
* Adnan Pachachi
* Ameen Rihani
* Fuad al-Rikabi
* Abdullah Rimawi
* Hamdeen Sabahi
* Constantin Zureiq

Organizations|

* Al-Awda
* Al-Fatat
* Al-Mourabitoun
* Arab Ba'ath
* Arab Ba'ath Movement
* Arab Federation
* Arab Higher Committee
* Arab Islamic Republic
* Arab Liberation Army
* Arab Nationalist Movement
* Arab Socialist Action Party
* Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
* Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)
* Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
* Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)
* Arabian Peninsula People's Union
* Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
* Ba'ath Party
* Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
* Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
* Fatah
* Federation of Arab Republics
* General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
* Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
* Islamic Legion
* Lebanese National Movement
* National Liberation Front (Algeria)
* Palestine Liberation Organization
* Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
* Rejectionist Front
* Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
* Unified Political Command
* Union of Arab Republics (1972)
* United Arab Republic
* United Arab States

Literature|

* The Arab Awakening
* The Battle for One Destiny
* On the Way of Resurrection

Symbolism|

* Arab Liberation Flag
* Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic
* Eagle of Saladin
* Flag of the Arab Federation
* Flag of the Arab Revolt
* Flag of the Federation of Arab Republics
* Flag of the United Arab Republic
* Hawk of Quraish
* Pan-Arab colors

Related topics|

* Algerian nationalism
* Egyptian nationalism
* Greater Mauritania
* Greater Morocco
* Greater Syria
* Greater Yemen
* Iraqi nationalism
* Islamism
* Jordanian nationalism
* Lebanese nationalism
* Libyan nationalism
* Palestinian nationalism
* Pan-Islamism
* Sahrawi nationalism
* Syrian nationalism
* Tunisian nationalism

* Category

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* 2
* FAST

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Poland
* Israel
* 2

Other|

* IdRef
* Yale LUX

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