Federal parliamentary republic

Type of federation of states with a republican government form

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Part of the Politics series

Basic forms of government

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Source of power

|  Democracy (rule by many)

* Demarchy
* Direct
* Economic
* Liberal
* Representative
* Social
* Socialist
* Others

* * *

Oligarchy (rule by few)

* Anocracy
* Aristocracy
* Gerontocracy
* Kleptocracy
* Kritarchy
* Meritocracy
* Noocracy
* Particracy
* Plutocracy
* Stratocracy
* Technocracy
* Theocracy

* * *

Autocracy (rule by one)

* Despotism
* Dictatorship
* Military dictatorship
* Tyranny

* * *

Anarchy (rule by none)

* Anarchism
* Free association
* Stateless

* * *

Power ideology

* Monarchy
* Republic

(socio-political ideologies)

* Absolute
* Communist
* Constitutional
* Directorial
* Legalist
* Parliamentary
* Presidential
* Semi-presidential

* * *

* Authoritarian
* Libertarian

(socio-economic ideologies)

* Anarchism
* Colonialism
* Communism
* Despotism
* Distributism
* Fascism
* Feudalism
* Socialism
* Totalitarianism
* Tribalism

* * *

* Religious
* Secular

* State religion
* Secular state
* Separation of church and state
* State atheism

* * *

* Global
* Local

(geo-cultural ideologies)

* City-state
* Intergovernmental organisation
* National government
* World government
* Nationalism
* Internationalism
* Globalism

Power structure

|  Unitarism

* Unitary state
* Empire
* Principality

* * *

Client state

* Associated state
* Dependent territory
* Dominion
* Protectorate
* Puppet state
* Puppet monarch
* Satellite state
* Self-governing colony
* Tributary state
* Buffer state
* Vassal state
* Viceroyalty

* * *

Federalism

* Confederation
* Devolution
* Federation
* Superstate
* Supranational union

* * *

International relations

* Small power
* Regional power
* Middle power
* Great power
* Superpower

* * *

Related

* Administrative division
* Democracy indices
* Democratic transition
* Autocratization
* Democratisation
* Hybrid regimes

Politics portal

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Part of the Politics series

Republicanism

Concepts

* Anti-monarchism
* Anti-corruption
* Civil society
* Civic virtue
* Consent of the governed
* Democracy
* Democratization
* Liberty as non-domination
* Mixed government
* Political representation
* Popular sovereignty
* Public participation
* Republic
* Res publica
* Rule of law
* Self-governance
* Separation of powers
* Social contract
* Social equality

Schools

* Classical
* Modern
* Federal
* Kemalism
* Khomeinism
* Nasserism
* Neo-republicanism
* Venizelism

Types

* Autonomous
* Capitalist
* Christian
* Democratic
* Federal
* Federal parliamentary
* Imperial
* Islamic
* Parliamentary
* People's
* Revolutionary
* Secular
* Sister
* Soviet

Philosophers

* Arendt
* Baggini
* Bello
* Bentham
* Bodin
* Cattaneo
* Chappell
* Cicero
* Condorcet
* Crick
* Franklin
* Harrington
* Honderich
* Jefferson
* Kant
* Locke
* Machiavelli
* Madison
* Mazzini
* Mill
* Montesquieu
* Paine
* Pettit
* Polybius
* Rousseau
* Sandel
* Sidney
* Sunstein
* Tocqueville
* Warburton
* Wollstonecraft

Politicians

* Adams (Gerry)
* Adams (John)
* Atatürk
* Azaña
* Bartley
* Benn (Tony)
* Bennett
* Black
* Bolívar
* Burgon
* Campbell
* Chapman
* Clark (Katy)
* Clarke (Tom)
* Connolly
* Cromwell
* Davidson
* Drakeford
* Etherington
* Fabiani
* Ferguson
* Flynn (Paul)
* Flynn (Stephen)
* Galloway
* Gambetta
* Garibaldi
* de Gaulle
* Greer
* Grévy
* Griffith
* Griffiths
* Harvie
* Hatton
* Hébert
* Hopkins
* Huppert
* Iorwerth
* Jackson
* Jay
* Jefferson
* Jones (Elin)
* Jones (Lynne)
* Juárez
* Kane
* Khomeini
* La Malfa
* Lewis
* Lincoln
* Lucas
* Mackay
* Mackenzie
* Madison
* Magid
* McKechin
* Mullin
* Naysmith
* Mannin
* McDonnell
* Nandy
* Nehru
* Pound
* Prescott
* Ritchie
* Robespierre
* Sayed
* Skates
* Skinner
* Slater
* Slaughter
* Smith
* Spadolini
* Taverne
* Venizelos
* Wilson
* Wood

Theoretical works

* Republic (c. 375 BC)
* De re publica (54–51 BC)
* Discourses on Livy (1531)
* The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates (1649)
* The Commonwealth of Oceana (1656)
* Discourses Concerning Government (1698)
* The Spirit of Law (1748)
* Discourse on Inequality (1755)
* The Social Contract (1762)
* The Federalist Papers (1787–1788)
* Rights of Man (1791)
* Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch (1794)
* Democracy in America (1835–1840)
* On Revolution (1963)

History

* Roman Republic
* Gaṇasaṅgha
* Classical Athens
* Republic of Venice
* Republic of Genoa
* Republic of Florence
* Dutch Republic
* American Revolution
* French Revolution
* Spanish American wars of independence
* Trienio Liberal
* French Revolution of 1848
* 5 October 1910 revolution
* Chinese Revolution
* Russian Revolution
* German Revolution of 1918–1919
* Turkish War of Independence
* Mongolian Revolution of 1921
* 11 September 1922 Revolution
* 1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
* Spanish Civil War
* 1946 Italian institutional referendum
* 1952 Egyptian revolution
* 14 July Revolution
* North Yemen civil war
* Zanzibar Revolution
* 1969 Libyan coup d'état
* 1970 Cambodian coup d'état
* Metapolitefsi
* Iranian Revolution
* 1987 Fijian coups d'état
* Nepalese Civil War
* Barbadian Republic Proclamation

National variants

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Australia
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Canada
* Ireland
* Jamaica
* Japan
* Morocco
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Norway
* Spain
* Sweden
* United Kingdom
* Scotland
* Wales
* United States

Related topics

* Classical radicalism
* Common good
* Communitarianism
* Criticism of monarchy
* Egalitarianism
* The Emperor's New Clothes
* Jacobinism
* Liberalism
* List of republics
* Monarchism
* Peasant republic
* Primus inter pares
* Republic without republicans
* Republican empire
* Republican Party

Politics portal

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A federal parliamentary republic refers to a federation of states with a republican form of government that is, more or less, dependent upon the confidence of parliaments at both the national and sub-national levels. It is a combination of the government republic and the parliamentary republic.

Such republics usually possess a bicameral legislature at the federal level out of necessity, so as to allow for a set, often equal number of representatives of the sub-national entities to sit in the upper house; however, the government, headed by a head of government, will be depending upon the lower house of parliament for its stability or legitimacy. If there is any confusion, this means that the government and the parliament share equal control, being a mix of the two.

## List of federal parliamentary republics

[edit]

Federation | Official style | Head of state elected by | Head of state | Head of government | Head of government elected by

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Ethiopia | Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia | Parliament, by two-thirds majority  | President of Ethiopia | Prime Minister of Ethiopia | Parliament
Germany | Federal Republic of Germany | Federal Assembly (parliament and state delegates),

by absolute majority

| President of Germany | Chancellor of Germany | Parliament, by absolute majority
India | Republic of India | Electoral College, parliament and state legislators, by single transferable vote[1] | President of India | Prime Minister of India | Lower House of Parliament, by absolute majority[1]
Iraq | Republic of Iraq | Regions of Iraq | President of Iraq | Prime Minister | Parliament, by two-thirds majority
Micronesia | Federated States of Micronesia | Subdivisions of Micronesia |

President of Micronesia

| Parliament, by majority
Nepal | Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal | Subdivisions of Nepal | President of Nepal | Prime Minister of Nepal | Parliament and state legislators
Pakistan | Islamic Republic of Pakistan | Subdivisions of Pakistan | President of Pakistan | Prime Minister of Pakistan | Electoral College, by two-thirds majority
Somalia | Federal Republic of Somalia | Subdivisions of Somalia | President of Somalia | Prime Minister of Somalia | Parliament
Switzerland | Swiss Confederation | Cantons of Switzerland |

Federal Council

| Federal Assembly (parliament and canton delegates), by absolute majority

## See also

[edit]

* Unitary parliamentary republic

## References

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1. ^ a b https://legislative.gov.in/constitution-of-india/ [bare URL]

## External links

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