Federated States of Micronesia

Country in Oceania

This article is about the sovereign state in Oceania. For the geographical region it lies within, see Micronesia.

Federated States of Micronesia

Flag

Seal

Motto: "Peace, Unity, Liberty"
Anthem: "Patriots of Micronesia"

Status| UN member state under a Compact of Free Association with the United States[1]
Capital| Palikir
6°55′N 158°11′E﻿ / ﻿6.917°N 158.183°E﻿ / 6.917; 158.183
Largest city| Weno[2]
Official language| English
Recognized regional
languages|

* Chuukese
* Kosraean
* Pohnpeian
* Yapese

Ethnic groups

(2016)

* 48.8% Chuukese
* 24.2% Pohnpeian
* 6.2% Kosraean
* 5.2% Yapese
* 4.5% Outer Yapese
* 1.8% Asian
* 1.5% Polynesian
* 6.4% other
* 1.4% unknown

Religion

(2016)[3]

*     * 95.3% Christianity
* 52.6% Roman Catholic
* 41.7% Protestant
* 1.0% other Christian

* 4.1% folk religions
* 0.6% none / other

Demonym(s)| Micronesian
Government| Federal assembly-independent republic under a non-partisan democracy

• President

| Wesley Simina

• Vice President

| Aren Palik
Legislature| Congress
Independence

from the United States

• Republic proclaimed

| May 10, 1979

• Compact of Free Association

| November 3, 1986
Area

• Total

| 702 km2 (271 sq mi) (177th)

• Water (%)

| negligible
Population

• 2019 estimate

| 104,468[4] (181st)

• Density

| 158.1/km2 (409.5/sq mi) (75th)
GDP (PPP)| 2019 estimate

• Total

| $367 million

• Per capita

| $3,584[5]
GDP (nominal)| 2019 estimate

• Total

| $383 million

• Per capita

| $3,735[5]
Gini (2013)| 40.1[6]
medium inequality
HDI (2022)|  0.634[7]
medium (135th)
Currency| United States dollar (USD)
Time zone| UTC+10 and +11
Date format| MM/DD/YYYY
Calling code| +691
ISO 3166 code| FM
Internet TLD| .fm

1. Regional languages used at state and municipal levels.

The Federated States of Micronesia (/ˌmaɪkroʊˈniːʒə/ ⓘ, abbreviated FSM), or simply Micronesia, is an island country in Micronesia, a region of Oceania. The federation encompasses the majority of the Caroline Islands (excluding Palau) and consists of four states—from west to east: Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae—that span the western Pacific just north of the equator for a longitudinal distance of almost 2,700 km (1,700 mi). Together, the states comprise around 607 islands and a combined land area of approximately 702 km2 or 271 sq mi.

The entire island nation lies across the northern Pacific accordingly: northeast of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, south of Guam and the Marianas, west of Nauru and the Marshall Islands, east of Palau and the Philippines, about 2,900 km (1,800 mi) north of eastern Australia, 3,400 km (2,100 mi) southeast of Japan, and some 4,000 km (2,485 mi) southwest of Honolulu of the Hawaiian Islands.

The country's total land area is relatively small, but its waters occupy nearly 3 million km2 (1.2 million sq mi) of the Pacific Ocean, giving the country the 14th-largest exclusive economic zone in the world.[8][9] The nation's capital is Palikir, on Pohnpei Island, and its largest city is Weno, an island municipality in the Chuuk Lagoon.

Each of its four states is centered on one or more main volcanic islands, and all but Kosrae include numerous outlying atolls. The FSM spreads across part of the Caroline Islands in the wider region of Micronesia, which region consists of thousands of small islands divided among several countries. The term Micronesia may refer to the Federated States of Micronesia or to the region as a whole.

The FSM was a part of the former Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI), a United Nations Trust Territory administered by the United States from 1947 to 1994. On May 10, 1979, the islands ratified a constitutional government and then became a sovereign state after attaining independence on November 3, 1986—under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Other neighboring island entities (also former members of the TTPI), also formed constitutional governments, becoming the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau. The FSM has a seat in the United Nations and has been a member of the Pacific Community since 1983.

## History

[edit]

Main article: History of the Federated States of Micronesia

### Early Settlement and Nan Madol

[edit]

The ancestors of the Micronesians settled over four thousand years ago.[10] A decentralized chieftain-based system eventually evolved into a more centralized economic and religious culture centered on Yap Island.[11]

Manila Galleon in the Marianas and Carolinas, c. 1590 Boxer Codex

Nan Madol, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, consisting of a series of small artificial islands linked by a network of canals, is often called the Venice of the Pacific. It is located on the eastern periphery of the island of Pohnpei and used to be the ceremonial and political seat of the Saudeleur dynasty that united Pohnpei's estimated 25,000 people from about AD 500 until 1500 when the centralized system collapsed.[11]

### European Contact and Colonial Rule

[edit]

European explorers—first the Portuguese in search of the Spice Islands (Indonesia) and then the Spanish—reached the Carolines in the sixteenth century. The Treaty of Tordesillas gave these lands to Spain and the Spanish incorporated the archipelago to the Spanish East Indies through the capital, Manila, and in the 19th century established several outposts and missions. In 1887, they founded the town of Santiago de la Ascensión in what today is Kolonia on the island of Pohnpei.

In the 1870s, Germany began extending its sphere of influence in the Caroline Islands, leading to the Carolines Question of 1885 in which Pope Leo XIII was asked to determine if Germany or Spain had authority over the islands. The result was a confirmation of Spanish authority over the islands, but Germany would have free access to the islands.[12]

Following defeat in the Spanish–American War, the Spanish sold the archipelago to Germany in 1899 under the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899. Germany incorporated it into German New Guinea. (A few remote islands, notably Kapingamarangi, were not specifically named in the treaty, but this remained unnoticed until the late 1940s and, while acknowledging the historical curiosity in 1949, Spain has made no modern claims to the islands.[13][14])

During World War I, it was captured by Japan. Following the war, the League of Nations awarded a mandate for Japan to administer the islands as part of the South Seas Mandate.[15]

### World War II and the Aftermath

[edit]

#### Operation Hailstone

[edit]

Truk Lagoon served as a significant base for the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. In February 1944, the U.S. Navy launched Operation Hailstone, a massive air and surface attack on Truk Lagoon. Over two days, U.S. carrier aircraft and surface vessels targeted Japanese warships, merchant vessels, and shore installations, resulting in the sinking of numerous ships and the destruction of hundreds of aircraft. This operation severely diminished Japan's naval capabilities in the Pacific.[16][17]

#### U.S. Administration under the United Nations

[edit]

Following World War II, the islands of Micronesia were placed under the administration of the United States as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. This arrangement was formalized on 2 April 1947, with the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolution 21, which approved the terms of trusteeship for the Pacific Islands formerly under Japanese mandate.[18][19]

### Path to Independence

[edit]

On May 10, 1979, four of the Trust Territory districts ratified a new constitution to become the Federated States of Micronesia. Palau, the Marshall Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands chose not to participate. The FSM signed a Compact of Free Association with the United States, which entered into force on November 3, 1986, marking Micronesia's emergence from trusteeship to independence. Independence was formally concluded under international law in 1990, when the United Nations officially ended the Trusteeship status pursuant to Security Council Resolution 683. The Compact was renewed in 2004.[20][15][21]

In February 2021, due to a bitter leadership dispute, the Federated States of Micronesia announced it would quit the Pacific Islands Forum in its formal process of withdrawal. However, in June 2022, the Suva Agreement was reached and the Federated States of Micronesia agreed to remain in the forum.[22][15]

## Politics

[edit]

Main article: Politics of the Federated States of Micronesia

The Federated States of Micronesia is governed by the 1979 constitution, which guarantees fundamental human rights and establishes a separation of governmental powers. This constitution structures the national government to be similar to—but not exactly like—that of the United States. The unicameral Congress has fourteen members elected by popular vote. Four senators—one from each state—serve four-year terms; the remaining ten senators represent single-member districts based on population and serve two-year terms. Congress elects the President and Vice President from among the four state-based senators to serve four-year terms in the executive branch. Their congressional seats are then filled by special elections.

An appointed cabinet supports the president and vice president. There are no formal political parties.

### Defense and foreign affairs

[edit]

Further information: Compact of Free Association and Foreign relations of the Federated States of Micronesia

Sea Hawk helicopter (US Navy) flies over the waters of Chuuk, Micronesia.

In international politics, the Federated States of Micronesia has often voted with the United States concerning United Nations General Assembly resolutions.[23]

The FSS Tosiwo Nakayama, a Guardian-class patrol boat of the Federated States of Micronesia

The FSM is a sovereign, self-governing state in free association with the United States of America, which is wholly responsible for its defense. The FSM National Police operates a Maritime Wing Unit. The Compact of Free Association allows FSM citizens to join the U.S. military without having to obtain U.S. permanent residency or citizenship,[24] allows for immigration and employment for Micronesians in the U.S., and establishes economic and technical aid programs.

The FSM has foreign relations with 56 countries, including the Holy See and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.[25] FSM was admitted to the United Nations based on the Security Council's recommendation on August 9, 1991, in Resolution 703 and the General Assembly's approval on September 17, 1991, in Resolution 46/2.[26] The FSM was an active member of the Pacific Islands Forum.[27] However, in February 2021, FSM announced it would be formally withdrawing from the Forum in a joint statement with Marshall Islands, Kiribati, and Nauru after a dispute regarding Henry Puna's election as the Forum's secretary-general.[28][29] In February 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, FSM severed its diplomatic relations with Russia and called the invasion "unjustified and brutal".[30]

### States

[edit]

A map of the Federated States of Micronesia

Main article: Administrative divisions of the Federated States of Micronesia

The four states in the federation are, from west to east:

Flag  | States[31] | Capital  | Current Governor  | Land  | Population[32] | Population
density

|
|
|
|
|
|

km2 | sq mi[33] | per km2[32] | per sq mi
| Yap | Colonia | Charles Chieng[34] | 118.1 | 45.6 | 16,436 | 94 | 243
| Chuuk | Weno | Alexander R. Narruhn[35] | 127.4 | 49.2 | 54,595 | 420 | 1088
| Pohnpei | Kolonia | Reed P. Oliver[36] | 345.5 | 133.4 | 34,685 | 98 | 255
| Kosrae | Tofol | Tulensa Palik[37] | 109.6 | 42.3 | 7,686 | 66 | 170

These states are further divided into municipalities.

## Geography

[edit]

Main article: Geography of the Federated States of Micronesia

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Federated States of Micronesia" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

A view of Kolonia Town from Sokehs Ridge in Pohnpei

The Federated States of Micronesia consists of 607 islands extending 2,900 km (1,802 mi) across the archipelago of the Caroline Islands east of the Philippines. The islands have a combined area of 702 km2 (271 sq mi).[31]

The islands are grouped into four states, which are Yap, Chuuk (called Truk until January 1990), Pohnpei (known as "Ponape" until November 1984), and Kosrae (formerly Kusaie).[38][39] These four states are each represented by a white star on the national flag. The capital is Palikir, on Pohnpei.

Two terrestrial ecoregions lie within the country's borders: Carolines tropical moist forests and Yap tropical dry forests.[40] It had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 7.55/10, ranking it 37th globally out of 172 countries.[41]

### Biodiversity

[edit]

The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot, hosting approximately 3,025 animal species and 1,553 plant species.[42]The diversity of terrestrial plants and animals within the FSM varies from east to west due to differences in climate, geology, topography, and geographical isolation.[43][44][45]

Over 457 plant species have been introduced to the islands of the FSM by early Micronesians and subsequent settlers.[46] The FSM comprises 607 islands extending 2,900 km across the Caroline Islands, with a combined area of 702 km². The FSM has 58 Key Biodiversity Areas.[46]

The region is characterized by thousands of isolated small coral atolls and higher volcanic islands, contributing to its high biodiversity.[47] The FSM's National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan outlines efforts to protect and conserve its rich biodiversity.[48] The FSM's marine biodiversity is under pressure due to growing population demands, leading to increased degradation of marine resources.[49]

### Climate

[edit]

Satawal Island, Yap State

The Federated States of Micronesia has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: Af). The weather is warm, humid and rainy all year round. The islands are located north of the equator and are affected by constant trade winds, which temper the climate. Minimum temperatures range all year round between 22 and 25 °C, and maximum temperatures between 30 and 32 °C.[50] The abundant precipitations oscillate between 2500 and 5000 mm per year, although in the faces oriented to the wind they can surpass 6000 mm. Mount Nahnalaud, only 750 m high, on the island of Pohnpei, receives an average of 10,160 mm, being one of the rainiest places on earth, with almost always overcast skies.[51] In general, the rains are produced by showers and storms of short duration but very intense. The driest places are the flat atolls, where rainfall can drop below 3,000 mm. The driest months are January and February, with no less than 250 mm and 20 days of rain.[51]

Climate patterns in the FSM are also affected by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, leading to considerable variability in weather conditions from year to year. During El Niño events, the region may experience increased rainfall and storm activity, while La Niña events can bring drier conditions and potential droughts.[52]

Climate data for Palikir (Köppen Af)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 29.9
(85.8)  | 30.0
(86.0)  | 30.2
(86.4)  | 30.2
(86.4)  | 30.3
(86.5)  | 30.4
(86.7)  | 30.6
(87.1)  | 30.8
(87.4)  | 30.9
(87.6)  | 30.9
(87.6)  | 30.7
(87.3)  | 30.3
(86.5)  | 30.4
(86.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 26.8
(80.2)  | 26.9
(80.4)  | 27.1
(80.8)  | 26.9
(80.4)  | 26.9
(80.4)  | 26.8
(80.2)  | 26.6
(79.9)  | 26.7
(80.1)  | 26.8
(80.2)  | 26.8
(80.2)  | 26.8
(80.2)  | 27.0
(80.6)  | 26.8
(80.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 23.8
(74.8)  | 23.9
(75.0)  | 24.0
(75.2)  | 23.7
(74.7)  | 23.6
(74.5)  | 23.3
(73.9)  | 22.7
(72.9)  | 22.6
(72.7)  | 22.7
(72.9)  | 22.7
(72.9)  | 22.9
(73.2)  | 23.7
(74.7)  | 23.3
(74.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 377
(14.8)  | 279
(11.0)  | 353
(13.9)  | 462
(18.2)  | 502
(19.8)  | 464
(18.3)  | 504
(19.8)  | 515
(20.3)  | 464
(18.3)  | 469
(18.5)  | 421
(16.6)  | 392
(15.4)  | 5,202
(204.9)
Source: Climate-Data.org[53]

## Transportation

[edit]

Main article: Transportation in the Federated States of Micronesia

The Federated States of Micronesia is served by four international airports.

* Pohnpei International Airport, on the main island of Pohnpei State.[54]
* Chuuk International Airport, located on the main island of Chuuk State.[55]
* Kosrae International Airport, located on the main island of Kosrae State.[56]
* Yap International Airport, located on the main island of Yap State.[57]

## Economy

[edit]

Main article: Economy of the Federated States of Micronesia

Fishing in Chuuk, 1931

Economic activity in the Federated States of Micronesia consists primarily of subsistence farming and fishing. The islands have few mineral deposits worth exploiting, except for high-grade phosphate. Long line fishing of tuna is also viable with foreign vessels from China that operated in the 1990s. The potential for a tourist industry exists, but the remoteness of the location and a lack of adequate facilities hinder development. Financial assistance from the U.S. is the primary source of revenue, with the U.S. pledged to spend $1.3 billion in the islands in 1986–2001; when the Compact was amended in 2004, the United States committed to providing $110 million in development aid through 2023.[58] The CIA World Factbook lists high dependence on U.S. aid as one of the main concerns of the FSM.[31] Geographical isolation and a poorly developed infrastructure are major impediments to long-term growth.[59]

## Society

[edit]

### Demographics

[edit]

Main article: Demographics of the Federated States of Micronesia

People performing a welcome ceremony on the Ulithi atoll

The indigenous population of the nation, which is predominantly Micronesian, consists of various ethnolinguistic groups. It has a nearly 100% Pacific Islander and Asian population: Chuukese 48.8%, Pohnpeian 24.2%, Kosraean 6.2%, Yapese 5.2%, Yap outer islands 4.5%, Asian 1.8%, Polynesian 1.5%, other 6.4%, unknown 1.4%. A sizable minority also have some Japanese ancestry, which is a result of intermarriages between Japanese settlers and Micronesians during the Japanese colonial period.[60]

There is also a growing expatriate population of Americans, Australians, Europeans, and residents from China and the Philippines since the 1990s. English has become the common language of the government, and for secondary and tertiary education. Outside of the main capital towns of the four FSM states, the local languages are primarily spoken. In the Catholic mission of Pohnpei, among the Mercedarian missionaries, considered an institution in the country, Spanish is also spoken. Growth remains high at more than 3% annually, offset somewhat by net emigration.

### Languages

[edit]

A beach in Chuuk

English is the official and common language. Aside from English, the following Austronesian languages are spoken:[31][61]

Rank  | Language  | Language family  | Number of speakers

|
|
|

1  | Chuukese | Micronesian | 45,900
2  | Pohnpeian | 30,000
3  | Kosraean | 8,000
4  | Mortlockese | 5,900
5  | Yapese | Admiralty Islands?  | 5,130
6  | Ulithian | Micronesian  | 3,000
7  | Kapingamarangi | Polynesian | 3,000
8  | Pingelapese | Micronesian  | 3,000
9  | Woleaian | 1,700
10  | Mokilese | 1,500
11  | Puluwat | 1,400
12  | Pááfang | 1,300
13  | Namonuito | 940
14  | Nukuoro | Polynesian  | 700
15  | Ngatikese | Micronesian  | 700
16  | Satawalese | 500
17  | Nguluwan | Admiralty Islands?  | 50
18  | Ngatikese Creole | Creole | 30

### Religion

[edit]

Main article: Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia

Cathedral of Ponape Belltower, in Kolonia, on the island of Pohnpei, built in 1909 by German Capuchin missionaries

The people of the Federated States of Micronesia are 97% Christian.[62] More than half of the population follows the Catholic Church (55%)[62] and about 42%[62] follow various Protestant Christian groups. In general this is due to Spanish and German colonial history. Spanish rule meant that a large part of the population remained Catholic. During the German colonial period, until 1914, Catholic and Protestant missionaries from the German Empire were deployed. Several Protestant denominations, as well as the Roman Catholic Church, are present in every Micronesian state.[63] Most Protestant groups trace their roots to American Congregationalist missionaries.[63] On the island of Kosrae, the population is approximately 7,800; 95 percent are Protestants.[63] On Pohnpei, the population of 35,000 is evenly divided between Protestants and Catholics. Most immigrants are Filipino Catholics who have joined local Catholic churches, e.g. Our Lady of Mercy Catholic Church in Pohnpei.[63]

On Chuuk and Yap, an estimated 60 percent are Catholic and 40 percent are Protestant.[63] Religious groups with small followings include Baptists, Assemblies of God, Salvation Army, Seventh-day Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), and the Baháʼí Faith.[63] There is a small group of Buddhists on Pohnpei,[63] and a small group of Ahmadiyya Muslims in both Pohnpei and Kosrae. Attendance at religious services is generally high; churches are well supported by their congregations and play a significant role in civil society.[63]

In the 1890s, on the island of Pohnpei, intermissionary conflicts and the conversion of clan leaders resulted in religious divisions along clan lines which persist today.[63] More Protestants live on the western side of the island, while more Catholics live on the eastern side.[63] Missionaries of many religious traditions are present and operate freely.[63] The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in practice.[63] The US government received no reports of societal abuses or discrimination based on religious belief or practice in 2007.[63]

### Health

[edit]

Main article: Health in the Federated States of Micronesia

Life expectancy was 66 for men and 69 for women in 2018.[64][65]

Pingelap in Pohnpei State is notable for the prevalence of an extreme form of color blindness called achromatopsia, and known locally as maskun.[66][67] Approximately 5% of the atoll's 3,000 inhabitants are afflicted.[66][67]

## Sport

[edit]

See also: Category:Sports in the Federated States of Micronesia

### Baseball

[edit]

Baseball is very popular in the FSM.[68]

### Association football

[edit]

The sport of association football in the Federated States of Micronesia is run by the Federated States of Micronesia Football Association. They control the Micronesian Games, the nation's football championship and the Micronesia national football team.[citation needed]

### FSMAA

[edit]

The Federated States of Micronesia Athletic Association is the governing body for the country's sports and athletics.[69][70]

## Culture

[edit]

A large (approximately 2.4 m or about 8 ft in height) example of Yapese stone money (Rai stones) in the village of Gachpar

Each of the four states has its own culture and traditions, but there are also common cultural and economic bonds that are centuries old. Cultural similarities include the importance of the traditional extended family and clan systems and are found on all the islands.

The island of Yap is notable for its "stone money" (Rai stones), large disks usually of calcite, up to 4 meters (13 ft) in diameter, with a hole in the middle. The islanders, aware of the owner of a piece, do not necessarily move them when ownership changes. There are five major types: Mmbul, Gaw, Ray, Yar, and Reng, the last being only 30 cm (12 in) in diameter. Their value is based on both size and history, many of them having been brought from other islands, as far as New Guinea, but most coming in ancient times from Palau. Approximately 6,500 of them are scattered around the island.

Pohnpei is home to Nan Madol: Ceremonial Centre of Eastern Micronesia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, but the site is currently listed as In Danger due to natural causes.[71] The government is working on the conservation of the site.

### Music

[edit]

Main article: Music and dances of the Federated States of Micronesia

Yapese men dancing in traditional dress A shop in Pohnpei selling traditional souvenirs

Traditional dances on the main islands includes "stick dancing" on Pohnpei, Chuuk and Yap, standing dances on Chuuk and sitting dances on Yap[72] and Chuuk. The Yapese are particularly known for their skills in dancing. The Yapese stick dance is performed by men, women and children together, while standing dances are performed either by women or men and boys, but never both together. The men participate in various dancing competitions, which are segregated by caste; the lower castes have some distinct dances, such as a woman's standing dance, but can only dance when authorized by a person of a higher caste.[73]

### Newspapers

[edit]

The following papers have been published in the FSM:

* Pohnpei[74]
* The Kaselehlie Press — from 2001. English. Published biweekly.
* Senyavin Times — from 1967 to the 1970s. Bilingual (Pohnpeian and English).
* Chuuk[75]
* Truk Chronicle — from 1979 to the 1980s. Published biweekly in English, with some articles in Carolinian.
* Kosrae[76]
* Kosrae State Newsletter — from 1983 to 2004. Published monthly in Kosraean.
* Yap[77]
* The Yap Networker — from 1999 to 2005. Published weekly in English.

### Literature

[edit]

There have been very few published literary writers from the Federated States of Micronesia.[78] In 2008, Emelihter Kihleng became the first ever Micronesian to publish a collection of poetry in the English language.[79]

## See also

[edit]

* Geography portal
* Islands portal
* Oceania portal

* Outline of the Federated States of Micronesia

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Compacts of Free Association \- United States Department of the Interior
2. ^ Summary Analysis of Key Indicators: from the FSM 2010 Census of Population and Housing (PDF). Palikir: Division of Statistics, Office of SBOC. p. 8\. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2018 – via Prism (SPC).
3. ^ "Religions in Federated States Of Micronesia | PEW-GRF". www.globalreligiousfutures.org. Archived from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
4. ^ "NA – FSM Statistics". Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
5. ^ a b "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
6. ^ "GINI index". World Bank. Archived from the original on December 20, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
7. ^ "Human Development Report 2023/2024". United Nations Development Programme. March 19, 2024. Archived from the original on March 19, 2024. Retrieved March 19, 2024.
8. ^ "Drops in the ocean: France's marine territories". The Economist. January 13, 2016. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
9. ^ "Micronesia (Federated States of)". seaaroundus.org. Archived from the original on March 6, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
10. ^ "About Federated States of Micronesia – Federated States of Micronesia". Retrieved March 29, 2025.
11. ^ a b "Federated States of Micronesia". Pacific RISA - Managing Climate Risk in Pacific Islands. February 3, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2025.
12. ^ Eirik Bjorge (July 17, 2014). The Evolutionary Interpretation of Treaties. OUP Oxford. p. 149\. ISBN 978-0-19-102576-1. Archived from the original on July 19, 2023. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
13. ^ Pastor y Santos 1950, p. 21.
14. ^ "Micronesia, Federated States of". CIA World Factbook. Archived from the original on July 22, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2021.
15. ^ a b c Foster, S., Hezel, F.X. "Micronesia." Encyclopedia Britannica, February 27, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/place/Micronesia-republic-Pacific-Ocean
16. ^ Hornfischer, James (2016). The Fleet at Flood Tide: America at Total War in the Pacific, 1944–1945. Random House Publishing Group
17. ^ Prados, John (2001). Combined Fleet Decoded: The Secret History of American Intelligence and the Japanese Navy in World War II. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-431-9.
18. ^ "Security Council Resolution 21 - UNSCR". unscr.com. Archived from the original on March 12, 2025. Retrieved March 29, 2025.
19. ^ United Nations Security Council. (1947). Trusteeship of Strategic Areas (Resolution No. 21)
20. ^ "Compact of Free Association". Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
21. ^ "Federated States of Micronesia | U.S. Department of the Interior". www.doi.gov. June 11, 2015. Retrieved March 29, 2025.
22. ^ Dziedzic, Stephen (June 7, 2022). "Pacific leaders strike a deal to keep Micronesian nations from splitting with Pacific Islands Forum". ABC News. Retrieved November 2, 2024.
23. ^ General Assembly - Overall Votes - Comparison with U.S. vote Archived December 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine lists Micronesia as in the country with the fourth high coincidence of votes. Micronesia has always been in the top four.
24. ^ "U.S. Military Enlistment Standards" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2008.
25. ^ "FSM Diplomatic Relations List". www.fsmgov.org. Archived from the original on August 13, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.
26. ^ "United Nations Official Document". www.un.org. Archived from the original on September 3, 2015.
27. ^ "Federated States of Micronesia". U.S. Department of the Interior. June 11, 2015. Archived from the original on October 23, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
28. ^ "Five Micronesian countries leave Pacific Islands Forum". RNZ. February 9, 2021. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
29. ^ "Pacific Islands Forum in crisis as one-third of member nations quit". The Guardian. February 8, 2021. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
30. ^ "Following the Unjustified & Brutal Invasion of Ukraine, the Federated States of Micronesia Severs Diplomatic Relations with the Russian Federation". FSM Government. February 25, 2022. Archived from the original on February 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2023.
31. ^ a b c d "The World Factbook -- Central Intelligence Agency". Cia World Factbook. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
32. ^ a b "FSM government website - Population". Archived from the original on June 29, 2012.
33. ^ "FSM government website - Geography". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
34. ^ "Yap - Legal Information System of the Federated States of Micronesia". www.fsmlaw.org. Archived from the original on August 7, 2023. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
35. ^ "Chuuk State - Legal Information System of the Federated States of Micronesia". www.fsmlaw.org. Archived from the original on June 4, 2023. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
36. ^ "Pohnpei - Legal Information System of the Federated States of Micronesia". www.fsmlaw.org. Archived from the original on May 5, 2023. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
37. ^ "Kosrae - Legal Information System of the Federated States of Micronesia". www.fsmlaw.org. Archived from the original on June 5, 2023. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
38. ^ Keesing, Roger M. (1988). Melanesian Pidgin and the oceanic substrate. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. p. 15\. ISBN 0-8047-1450-9. OCLC 17383715.
39. ^ The Europa world year book 2004. London: Europa. 2004. ISBN 1-85743-253-3. OCLC 55795909.
40. ^ Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545\. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.
41. ^ Grantham, H. S.; et al. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.
42. ^ Park, Myung Soo; Yoo, Shinnam; Cho, Yoonhee; Park, Ki Hyeong; Kim, Nam Kyu; Lee, Hyi-Seung; Lim, Young Woon (2021). "Investigation of the Fungal Diversity of the Federated States of Micronesia and the Construction of an Updated Fungal Inventory". Mycobiology. 49 (6): 551–558\. doi:10.1080/12298093.2021.2012327. ISSN 1229-8093. PMC 8725818. PMID 35035247.
43. ^ "Terrestrial Biodiversity of FSM - Dataset - Pacific Data Hub". pacificdata.org. Retrieved March 29, 2025.
44. ^ "Terrestrial Biodiversity of the FSM" (PDF).
45. ^ "Federated States of Micronesia Environment Data Portal - Organisations - Pacific Data Hub". pacificdata.org. Retrieved March 29, 2025.
46. ^ a b "Convention on biological diversity" (PDF).
47. ^ "Federated States of Micronesia (sprep)" (PDF).
48. ^ "FSM National Biodiversity Strategy" (PDF).
49. ^ "Marine Biodiversity of the FSM" (PDF).
50. ^ "That's how warm it is in the Federated States of Micronesia: 30.6 °C on average per year and over 1750 hours of sunshine!". Worlddata.info. Retrieved March 29, 2025.
51. ^ a b "Micronesia climate: average weather, temperature, rain - Climates to Travel". www.climatestotravel.com. Retrieved March 29, 2025.
52. ^ "Current and Future climate of the FSM" (PDF).
53. ^ "Climate: Palikir". Climate-Data.org. Archived from the original on July 19, 2023. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
54. ^ "Federated States Of Micronesia (FSM) Division of Civil Aviation l Pohnpei International Airport (PNI) (PTPN), Pohnpei Island, Micronesia". Federated States of Micronesia Division of Civil Aviation. August 7, 2018. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
55. ^ "Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) Division of Civil Aviation l Chuuk International Airport (TKK) (PTKK) Weno Island, Micronesia". Federated States of Micronesia Division of Civil Aviation. August 7, 2018. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
56. ^ "Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) Division of Civil Aviation l Kosrae International Airport (KSA) (PTSA), Kosrae Island, Micronesia". Federated States of Micronesia Division of Civil Aviation. August 7, 2018. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
57. ^ "Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) Division of Civil Aviation l Yap International Airport (YAP) (PTYA), Wa'ab, Micronesia". Federated States of Micronesia Department of Civil Aviation. August 7, 2018. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
58. ^ "US Relations with the Federated States of Micronesia". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on June 4, 2019. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
59. ^ "Federated States of Micronesia". United Nations. Archived from the original on November 30, 2012. Retrieved November 17, 2012.
60. ^ President Emanuel Mori Meets With Japan Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda Archived September 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine; AESonline.org Archived June 16, 2007, at archive.today Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, December 12, 2007
61. ^ "Micronesia". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on February 2, 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
62. ^ a b c ""2019 Report on International Religious Freedom: Micronesia". United States Department of State". Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
63. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m International Religious Freedom Report 2007: Micronesia, Federated States of Archived July 31, 2020, at the Wayback Machine. United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (September 14, 2007). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
64. ^ "Life expectancy at birth, male (years) - Micronesia, Fed. Sts. | Data". The World Bank. Archived from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
65. ^ "Life expectancy at birth, female (years) - Micronesia, Fed. Sts. | Data". The World Bank. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
66. ^ a b Brody JA, Hussels I, Brink E, Torres J (1970). "Hereditary blindness among Pingelapese people of Eastern Caroline Islands". Lancet. 1 (7659): 1253–7\. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(70)91740-X. PMID 4192495.
67. ^ a b Hussels IE, Morton NE (1972). "Pingelap and Mokil Atolls: achromatopsia". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 24 (3): 304–9\. PMC 1762260. PMID 4555088.
68. ^ Wood, Robert (2014). "Sport in Micronesia". Topend Sports Website. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
69. ^ "Federated States of Micronesia Athletic Association". IAAF. Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
70. ^ "FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION". Oceania Athletics Association. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
71. ^ "Nan Madol: Ceremonial Centre of Eastern Micronesia - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. August 7, 2018. Archived from the original on August 7, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
72. ^ "Micronesia Music Anthology". Jane's Oceania Page. Archived from the original on January 1, 2006. Retrieved September 27, 2005.
73. ^ "Aspects of Yap". Jane's Oceania Page. Archived from the original on February 27, 2005. Retrieved September 27, 2005.
74. ^ "Pacific Islands Newspapers : Pohnpei State (FSM)". University of Hawaii at Manoa. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
75. ^ "Pacific Islands Newspapers : Chuuk State (FSM)". University of Hawaii at Manoa. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
76. ^ "Pacific Islands Newspapers : Kosrae State (FSM)". University of Hawaii at Manoa. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
77. ^ "Pacific Islands Newspapers : Yap State (FSM)". University of Hawaii at Manoa. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
78. ^ "Seeking Micronesian literary writers", Marianas Variety, February 18, 2009 Archived September 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
79. ^ "Micronesian Poet Publishes Collection of Poems", Office of Insular Affairs, May 12, 2008 Archived February 29, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

### Sources

[edit]

* Arnold, Bruce Makoto (2011). "Conflicted Childhoods in the South Seas: The Failure of Racial Assiimilation in the Nan'yo". Tufts Historical Review. 4 (11): 79–96\. Archived from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
* Brower, Kenneth; Harri Peccinotti (1981). Micronesia: The Land, the People, and the Sea. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-0992-2.
* Darrach, Brad; David Doubilet (1995). "Treasured Islands". Life. No. August 1995. pp. 46–53.
* Falgout, Suzanne (1995). "Americans in Paradise: Anthropologists, Custom, and Democracy in Postwar Micronesia". Ethnology. 34 (Spring 1995): 99–111\. doi:10.2307/3774100. JSTOR 3774100.
* Friedman, Hal M. (1993). "The Beast in Paradise: The United States Navy in Micronesia, 1943–1947". Pacific Historical Review. 62 (May 1993): 173–195\. doi:10.2307/3639910. JSTOR 3639910.
* Friedman, Hal M. (1994). "Arguing over Empire: American Interservice and Interdepartmental Rivalry over Micronesia, 1943-1947". Journal of Pacific History. 29 (1): 36–48\. doi:10.1080/00223349408572757.
* Hanlon, David (1998). Remaking Micronesia: Discourses over Development in a Pacific Territory, 1944–1982. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-1894-4.
* Hezel, Francis X. (1995). "The Church in Micronesia". America. 18 (February 1995): 23–24.
* Kluge, P. F. (1991). The Edge of Paradise: America in Micronesia. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-394-58178-1.
* Malcomson, S. L. (1989). "Stranger than Paradise". Mother Jones. 14 (January 1989): 19–25.
* "Micronesia: A New Nation". U.S. News & World Report (October 15, 1984): 80–81.
* Parfit, Michael (2003). "Islands of the Pacific". National Geographic. 203 (March 2003): 106–125.
* Pastor y Santos, Emilio (1950). Territorios de soberanía española en Oceanía (in Spanish). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Estudios Africanos. OCLC 912692168.
* Patterson, Carolyn Bennett (1986). "In the Far Pacific: At the Birth of Nations". National Geographic. 170 (October 1986): 460–500.
* Peoples, James G. (1993). "Political Evolution in Micronesia". Ethnology. 32 (Winter 1993): 1–17\. doi:10.2307/3773542. JSTOR 3773542.
* Rainbird, Paul (2003). "Taking the Tapu: Defining Micronesia by Absence". Journal of Pacific History. 38 (2): 237–250\. doi:10.1080/0022334032000120558. S2CID 162140479.
* Schwalbenberg, Henry M.; Hatcher, Thomas (1994). "Micronesian Trade and Foreign Assistance: Contrasting the Japanese and American Colonial Periods". Journal of Pacific History. 29 (1): 95–104\. doi:10.1080/00223349408572762.

## External links

[edit]

Federated States of Micronesia at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Definitions from Wiktionary
* Media from Commons
* News from Wikinews
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Texts from Wikisource
* Textbooks from Wikibooks
* Resources from Wikiversity
* Travel information from Wikivoyage

Government

* Government of the Federated States of Micronesia
* Chief of State and Cabinet Members

General information

* Federated States of Micronesia. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
* Federated States of Micronesia from UCB Libraries GovPubs
* Micronesia from the BBC News
* Jane's Federated States of Micronesia Home Page Archived March 24, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
* Trust Territory of the Pacific Archives at the University of Hawaii
* Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute - Federated States of Micronesia
* Nature.org - Micronesia environmental conservation
* myMicronesia.com Online resource center about the islands of Micronesia. Provides free listings and links to all Micronesian businesses, as well as civic, cultural, health and educational organizations.
* Habele.org - Outer Islands Information about the remote islands and atolls outside the four state capitals of Micronesia from an educational nonprofit.
* Development Forecasts for Federated States of Micronesia

News media

* The Kaselehlie Press Archived September 15, 2022, at the Wayback Machine – The Kaselehlie Press is a Pohnpei-based newspaper that covers stories throughout the FSM.
* Pohnpei (Spanish)

Maps

* Wikimedia Atlas of the Federated States of Micronesia
* Nan Madol islet complex Provides computer based reconstruction of the main islets and features

Travel

* Travel Overview of Micronesia
* Yap Visitors Bureau

Weather

* NOAA's National Weather Service - Chuuk, FSM
* NOAA's National Weather Service - Pohnpei & Kosrae, FSM
* NOAA's National Weather Service - Yap, FSM

* v
* t
* e

Federated States of Micronesia

* Chuuk
* Kosrae
* Pohnpei
* Yap

History|

* Nan Madol
* Spanish East Indies
* German New Guinea
* South Seas Mandate
* Battle of Peleliu
* Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

Geography|

* Divisions and places

Politics|

* Compact of Free Association
* Congress
* Constitution
* Elections
* Electoral districts
* Foreign relations
* Law enforcement
* Military
* Political parties
* President
* Vice President

Economy|

* Telecommunications
* Transport

Culture|

* Anthem
* Demographics
* Flag
* Football
* Music
* Religion
* Public holidays
* Seal

* Outline

* Category

Articles relating to the Federated States of Micronesia

* v
* t
* e

Countries and territories of Oceania

* List of Oceanian countries by area
* List of Oceanian countries by population

Sovereign states|

| Entire|

* Australia
* Fiji
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Micronesia
* Nauru
* New Zealand
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu

|

In part|

* Chile
* Easter Island
* Juan Fernández Islands
* Ecuador
* Galápagos Islands
* Indonesia
* Central Papua
* Highland Papua
* Papua
* South Papua
* Southwest Papua
* West Papua
* United States
* Hawaii
* Palmyra Atoll

Associated states

* Cook Islands
* Niue

Dependencies and
other territories

| Australia|

* Ashmore and Cartier Islands
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Coral Sea Islands
* Norfolk Island

|

France|

* Clipperton Island
* French Polynesia
* New Caledonia
* Wallis and Futuna

New Zealand|

* Tokelau

United Kingdom|

* Pitcairn Islands

United States|

* American Samoa
* Baker Island
* Guam
* Howland Island
* Jarvis Island
* Johnston Atoll
* Kingman Reef
* Midway Atoll
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Wake Island

* British Overseas Territories
* Overseas France
* Overseas collectivity
* Overseas country of France
* Realm of New Zealand
* Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue
* States and territories of Australia
* Australian Indian Ocean Territories
* Territories of the United States
* Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)
* Insular area
* United States Minor Outlying Islands

Oceania portal

* v
* t
* e

Culture of indigenous Oceania

List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania

Art|

* Ahu
* Australia
* Austronesia
* Cook Islands
* kapa (Hawaiʻi)
* Lei
* magimagi
* moai
* New Zealand
* Māori
* nguzu nguzu
* Oceania
* Papua New Guinea
* reimiro
* tā moko
* tabua
* taʻovala
* tapa ["masi" (Fiji), "ngatu" (Tonga), "siapo" (Sāmoa), " ʻuha" (Rotuma)]
* tattoo
* tēfui
* tivaevae

Broad culture|

* areca nut
* "yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)
* Kava culture
* Lapita
* Māori
* Polynesia
* Sāmoa 'ava ceremony
* Wood carving

Geo-specific,
general|

* Australia
* Australian Aboriginal astronomy)
* Austronesia
* Caroline Islands, -Pwo
* Chatham Islands
* Cook Islands
* Easter Island
* Fiji
* Lau Islands
* traditions and ceremonies
* Guam
* Lomilomi massage
* Kiribati
* French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Nauru
* New Caledonia
* New Zealand
* Māori
* Niue
* Norfolk Island
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Pitcairn Islands
* Sāmoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tonga
* Torres Strait Islands
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu
* Wallis and Futuna
* Polynesian Navigation
* Micronesian Navigation
* Marshall Islands
* Stick charts of
* Yap
* navigation
* Weriyeng navigation school

Canoes|

* Aboriginal dugout
* Alingano Maisu
* Bangka
* Drua
* Dugout (boat)
* Hōkūleʻa
* Kaep
* Karakoa
* Māori migration
* Outrigger
* Paopao (Tuvalu)
* Paraw
* Polynesian sailing
* Proa
* Vinta
* Waka
* list
* Walap

Dance|

* ʻAparima
* cibi
* fara
* fire dancing
* firewalking
* haka
* hivinau
* hula
* kailao
* kapa haka
* Kiribati
* meke
* 'ote'a
* pa'o'a
* poi
* Rotuma
* siva
* Tahiti
* tāmūrē
* tautoga
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* 'upa'upa

Festivals|

* Australia
* Garma Festival
* Hawaiʻi
* Aloha Festivals
* Merrie Monarch Festival
* World Invitational Hula Festival
* Fiji
* New Zealand
* Pasifika Festival
* Te Matatini
* Pacific Community
* Festival of Pacific Arts
* Papua New Guinea

Languages|

| by area|

* v
* t
* e

Languages of Oceania

Sovereign states|

* Australia
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Fiji
* Indonesia
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* New Zealand
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Timor-Leste
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu

Associated states
of New Zealand|

* Cook Islands
* Niue

Dependencies
and other territories|

* American Samoa
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Easter Island
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* New Caledonia
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Pitcairn Islands
* Tokelau
* Wallis and Futuna

by category|

Languages of Oceania

Literature|

* v
* t
* e

Literature of Oceania

Sovereign states|

* Australia
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Fiji
* Indonesia
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* New Zealand
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Timor-Leste
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu

Associated states
of New Zealand|

* Cook Islands
* Niue

Dependencies
and other territories|

* American Samoa
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Easter Island
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* New Caledonia
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Pitcairn Islands
* Tokelau
* Wallis and Futuna

Music|

* Austral Islands (French Polynesia)
* Australia
* Austronesia
* Cook Islands
* Easter Island
* Fiji
* Guam
* Kiribati
* Lali
* Melanesia
* Micronesia
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Nauru
* New Caledonia
* New Zealand
* Māori
* Niue
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Polynesia
* Sāmoa
* Slit drum
* Solomon Islands
* Tahiti
* Tokelau
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu
* Wallis and Futuna

Mythology|

* Australian Aboriginal
* Fijian
* Mangarevan
* Maohi
* Māori
* Melanesian
* Menehune
* Micronesian
* Oceanian legendary creatures
* Polynesian
* Rapa Nui
* Samoan
* Tuvaluan
* Vanuatuan

Research|

* Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium
* Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

People|

* Indigenous Australian
* Austronesian
* Sama-Bajau
* Chamorro
* Chatham Islander (Moriori or Rekohu)
* Fijian (iTaukei)
* Hawaiian
* Ilocano
* Igorot
* Ivatans
* Lumad
* Māori
* Marshallese
* Melanesian
* Micronesian
* Negrito
* Norfolk Islander
* Papuan
* Polynesian
* Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)
* Rapa Nui
* Rotuman
* Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)
* Tagalog
* Tahitian
* Taiwanese aborigines
* Tokelauan
* Tongan
* Torres Strait Islander
* Visayans
* Yami

Religion|

* v
* t
* e

Religion in Oceania

Sovereign states|

* Australia
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Fiji
* Indonesia
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* New Zealand
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Timor-Leste
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu

Associated states
of New Zealand|

* Cook Islands
* Niue

Dependencies
and other territories|

* American Samoa
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Easter Island
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* New Caledonia
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Pitcairn Islands
* Tokelau
* Wallis and Futuna

For other topics including Oceanian cinema, indigenous currency, dress, folklore and cuisine, see Category:Culture of Oceania.

* v
* t
* e

English-speaking world

English speaking countries

Further links

| Articles|

* English-speaking world
* History of the English language
* British Empire
* English in the Commonwealth of Nations
* Anglosphere

|

Lists|

* List of countries by English-speaking population
* List of countries where English is an official language

|  |

* Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority

Africa|

* Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

Americas|

* Anguilla
* Antigua and Barbuda
* The Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* Bermuda
* British Virgin Islands
* Canada
* Cayman Islands
* Dominica
* Falkland Islands
* Grenada
* Guyana
* Jamaica
* Montserrat
* Saba
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Sint Eustatius
* Sint Maarten
* South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
* Trinidad and Tobago
* Turks and Caicos Islands
* United States
* United States Virgin Islands

Europe|

* Guernsey
* Ireland
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* United Kingdom

Oceania|

* Australia
* New Zealand
* Norfolk Island
* Pitcairn Islands

* Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language

Africa|

* Botswana
* Cameroon
* Eswatini
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Malawi
* Mauritius
* Namibia
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* Sierra Leone
* Somaliland
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

Americas|

* Puerto Rico

Asia|

* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Hong Kong
* India
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Singapore

Europe|

* Gibraltar
* Akrotiri and Dhekelia
* Malta

Oceania|

* American Samoa
* Cook Islands
* Fiji
* Guam
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Micronesia
* Nauru
* Niue
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tokelau
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu

Dependencies shown in italics.

* v
* t
* e

Languages of Oceania

Sovereign states|

* Australia
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Fiji
* Indonesia
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* New Zealand
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Timor-Leste
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu

Associated states
of New Zealand|

* Cook Islands
* Niue

Dependencies
and other territories|

* American Samoa
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Easter Island
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* New Caledonia
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Pitcairn Islands
* Tokelau
* Wallis and Futuna

* v
* t
* e

Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

Members|

* Australia
* Cook Islands
* Fiji
* French Polynesia
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Micronesia
* Nauru
* New Zealand
* Niue
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* New Caledonia
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu

Associate members|

* American Samoa
* Guam
* Tokelau
* Wallis and Futuna

Observers|

* East Timor
* Northern Mariana Islands

Observer Organisations|

* ACP Secretariat
* Asian Development Bank
* Commonwealth Secretariat
* International Organization for Migration
* United Nations Secretariat
* Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
* World Bank

Dialogue partners|

* Canada
* Chile
* China
* Cuba
* European Union
* France
* Germany
* India
* Indonesia
* Italy
* Japan
* Malaysia
* Norway
* Philippines
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Spain
* Thailand
* Turkey
* United Kingdom
* United States

Development partner|

* Taiwan

Meetings|

* 45th
* 51st

Portal:

* Oceania

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Japan
* Australia
* Czech Republic
* Sweden
* Israel
* Catalonia

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Academics|

* CiNii

Artists|

* KulturNav

People|

* Trove
* UK Parliament

Other|

* IdRef
* NARA
* Yale LUX

6°55′N 158°15′E﻿ / ﻿6.917°N 158.250°E﻿ / 6.917; 158.250
*[c.]: circa
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template