Fenghao

Capital of the Western Zhou dynasty of Ancient China

Fenghao

Location in northern China

Location| China
Region| Shaanxi
Coordinates| 34°13′N 108°43′E﻿ / ﻿34.21°N 108.72°E﻿ / 34.21; 108.72
History
Founded| c. 1051 BC
Abandoned| 771 BC

34°13′N 108°43′E﻿ / ﻿34.21°N 108.72°E﻿ / 34.21; 108.72 Fenghao (simplified Chinese: 沣镐; traditional Chinese: 灃鎬; pinyin: Fēnghào) is the modern name for the twin city comprising the capitals of the Chinese Western Zhou dynasty (c. 1046 - 771 BCE), Feng and Hao. The cities were located on opposite banks of the Feng River near its confluence with the Wei, corresponding to modern Xi'an, Shaanxi.

## History

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As King Wen (ruled c. 1099–1050 BCE) expanded the territory of the Predynastic Zhou east into Shanxi in preparation for an assault on his nominal Shang overlords, he constructed a new capital on the west bank of the Feng about 100 kilometres (62 mi) downstream from Zhou's original capital on the Wei River below Mount Qi. This city was called Feng, Fengxi, or Fengjing (灃京, Fēngjīng).[1]

After his son Fa defeated the Shang at Muye and ascended the throne as King Wu (ruled c. 1046–1043 BCE) of the Zhou dynasty, the capital was moved to a new establishment on the east bank called Hao or Haojing.[2] The two formed a twin capital, with Feng continuing to serve the rituals of the Zhou ancestral shrine and gardens[clarification needed] and Hao containing the royal palace and government administration.

Both were abandoned in 771 BC during the Quanrong invasion that drove the Zhou out of the Wei River Valley and brought an end to its Western dynasty. The capital of the Eastern Zhou was located at Chengzhou.

## Ruins

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The ruins of Fenghao lie in present-day southwest Xi'an in Shaanxi Province.[3][4] The site was declared an important national cultural heritage site by the State Council of the People's Republic of China in 1961.[citation needed]

## See also

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* Historical capitals of China

## References

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1. ^ Guo, Zhiyu; Liu, Kexin; Yuan, Sixun; Wu, Xiaohong; Li, Kun; Lu, Xiangyang; Wang, Jinxia; Ma, Hongji; Gao, Shijun; Xu, Lianggao (July 18, 2016) [2005]. "AMS Radiocarbon Dating of the Fengxi Site in Shaanxi, China". Radiocarbon. 47 (2): 221–229\. doi:10.1017/S003382220001972X. ISSN 0033-8222.221-229&rft.date=2016-07-18&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017/S003382220001972X&rft.issn=0033-8222&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=Zhiyu&rft.au=Liu,+Kexin&rft.au=Yuan,+Sixun&rft.au=Wu,+Xiaohong&rft.au=Li,+Kun&rft.au=Lu,+Xiangyang&rft.au=Wang,+Jinxia&rft.au=Ma,+Hongji&rft.au=Gao,+Shijun&rft.au=Xu,+Lianggao&rft_id=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon/article/ams-radiocarbon-dating-of-the-fengxi-site-in-shaanxi-china/0D395CEA465E775E10E00204D41E6848&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fenghao" class="Z3988">
2. ^ Khayutina, Maria (2008). "Western "Capitals" of the Western Zhou Dynasty: Historical Reality and Its Reflections Until the Time of Sima Qian". Oriens Extremus. 47: 25–65\. ISSN 0030-5197. JSTOR 24048045.25-65&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24048045#id-name=JSTOR&rft.issn=0030-5197&rft.aulast=Khayutina&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24048045&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fenghao" class="Z3988">
3. ^ "Fenghao Site". en.chinaculture.org. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
4. ^ Liu, Jiaqi; Zhang, Lei; Zhao, Jieyu; Liang, Yuan; Han, Qingxi; Chirwa, Sambirani (2023-05-18). "Exploration of the spatial relationship between Xi'an City and its mausoleums from the perspective of time evolution". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1158563. ISSN 2296-701X.

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