Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand

Government of New Zealand from 1999–2008

Fifth Labour Government

Ministry of New Zealand
1999–2008

Ministry in October 2005

Date formed| 10 December 1999
Date dissolved| 19 November 2008
People and organisations
Monarch| Elizabeth II
Governor-General| Sir Michael Hardie Boys (1999–2001)
Dame Silvia Cartwright (2001–2006)
Sir Anand Satyanand (2006–2008)
Prime Minister| Helen Clark
Deputy Prime Minister| Jim Anderton (1999–2002)
Michael Cullen (2002–2008)
Member parties|  Labour (1999–2008)
Alliance (1999–2002)
Progressive (2002–2008)
Status in legislature| Minority (coalition) (1999–2002)
with confidence and supply from the Greens
59 / 120 (49%)

Minority (coalition) (2002–2005)
with confidence and supply from the United Future 54 / 120 (45%)

Minority (coalition) (2005–2008)
with confidence and supply from the United Future and New Zealand First 50 / 121 (41%) cooperation agreement with the Greens

Opposition party|  National Party (1999–2008)
ACT Party (1999–2008)
Māori Party (2005–2008)
New Zealand First (1999–2005)
United New Zealand (1999–2002)
Opposition leader|

* Jenny Shipley (1999–2001)
* Bill English (2001–2003)
* Don Brash (2003–2006)
* John Key (2006–2008)

History
Elections|

* 1999 general election
* 2002 general election
* 2005 general election

Legislature terms|

* 46th Parliament
* 47th Parliament
* 48th Parliament

Budgets|

* 2006 budget
* 2007 budget
* 2008 budget

Predecessor| Fourth National Government of New Zealand
Successor| Fifth National Government of New Zealand

The Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand was the government of New Zealand from 10 December 1999 to 19 November 2008. Labour Party leader Helen Clark negotiated a coalition with Jim Anderton, leader of the Alliance Party. While undertaking a number of substantial reforms, it was not particularly radical compared to previous Labour governments.

## Overview

[edit]

The previous government, the fourth National government, had been in power since 1990. It was widely unpopular by 1999, with much of the public antagonised by a series of free-market economic reforms, and was bedevilled by weakness and instability. In the 1999 general election, the Helen Clark-led Labour Party defeated the National Party easily, becoming the largest single party in the House of Representatives. Labour formed a minority coalition government with the left-leaning Alliance party, supported by the Green Party.

During its first term, the government pursued a number of reforms. The controversial Employment Contracts Act was repealed, replaced by an Employment Relations Act more friendly to unions and collective bargaining; a state-owned bank, Kiwibank, was created at the behest of the Alliance; a majority stake in the national airline, Air New Zealand, was purchased; and the public health sector was reorganised with the re-establishment of partly elected district health boards. Closing the Gaps, an affirmative action strategy targeting socio-economic inequalities between Māori and Pasifika ethnic groups and other groups, was a particularly controversial reform among right-wing National and ACT voters.[1][2]

With the disintegration of the Alliance in 2002, Helen Clark called a snap election, even though she still had the confidence of the House. Labour handily won the election. The Alliance failed to return to parliament, although a rump returned as Jim Anderton's Progressives. Labour formed a coalition with the Progressives, and turned to the centrist United Future party for confidence and supply. This second term was notable largely for its social and constitutional legislation, with the Government establishing a Supreme Court and ending appeals to the Privy Council, decriminalising prostitution, and providing for civil unions, the latter two changes in particular supported by the Green Party and opposed by United Future. The Government was also faced in this term with the foreshore and seabed controversy. While Labour, in cooperation with the New Zealand First party, eventually resolved the legal dispute by vesting foreshore and seabed title in the Crown, a dissident Labour minister, Tariana Turia, formed the Māori Party, while on the other side of the spectrum a resurgent National Party, now under former Reserve Bank governor Don Brash, became considerably more popular. In the 2005 election, the Government was returned with a slim margin on the strength of the Working for Families assistance package and financial assistance to students, benefiting also from mistakes in National's campaign.

Helen Clark moved even more to the centre, enlisting support for her Government from both New Zealand First and United Future. Greens were excluded from the resulting coalition, due to a refusal by United Future and NZ First to work with the Greens in cabinet.[3] They were, however, able to negotiate a cooperation agreement which saw limited input into the budget and broad consultation on policy.[4] Almost immediately, the Government parties became involved in a protracted funding scandal, having apparently used public money for party political purposes during the election campaign. A heavy-handed attempt at campaign finance reform later in this term also harmed the Government, which by now appeared tired and at a loss for direction, although it did succeed in implementing a wide range of social and economic reforms during its time in office.[5][6]

In a 2000 feature article "Siege of Helengrad",[7] The Australian newspaper wrote that Clark's "uncompromisingly autocratic and pervasive leadership has seen New Zealand dubbed Helengrad".[8] In January 2008, the term 'Helengrad', "a noun used to describe the iron grip of New Zealand's prime minister over Wellington", was reported as having made Australia's Macquarie online dictionary among 85 other new words.[9]

In the 2008 election, the Labour Party lost convincingly to National, and the government was succeeded by the National Party led by John Key as Prime Minister.

## Significant policies

[edit]

### Economic

[edit]

* Created Kiwibank as part of coalition agreement with the Alliance (2001).
* Created the New Zealand Superannuation Fund (2001);
* KiwiSaver retirement savings scheme (2007);
* Purchased a majority stake in Air New Zealand (2001);
* Renationalised New Zealand's national rail network (Under ONTRACK) (2004), and in 2008 the rail and ferry operations of Toll New Zealand (renamed KiwiRail). KiwiRail and ONTRACK were then merged into one organisation;
* Buy Kiwi Made campaign (2007);
* Telecommunications industry reform, particularly local loop unbundling (2007).
* Increased top income tax rate to 39% (2000).[10]
* Company and personal income tax cuts under the 2008 New Zealand budget.[11]
* Began the Crown Retail Deposit Guarantee Scheme, deposit insurance for New Zealand financial institutions during the Great Recession (2008).

### Constitutional

[edit]

* Established the Supreme Court of New Zealand, replacing appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (2004).
* Constitutional Inquiry into the Constitution of New Zealand.
* Passed the Electoral Finance Act to reform electoral spending and regulate electoral advertising (2007).

### Treaty of Waitangi

[edit]

* New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy; passed the Foreshore and Seabed Act (2004).
* Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011

Treaty settlements:

Aspects of the Clark-led governments actions in relation to the Treaty of Waitangi is shown through settlements.

* Treaty 2U exhibition funding[12]
* New Zealand School Curriculum launch[13]
* Moriori heritage and Identity preservation[14]
* Te Arawa Apology[15]
* Te Uri O Hau[16]
* Waitangi Day Commemorative Fund[17]
* Fisheries Scholarship[18]

### Social policy

[edit]

* Within 3 weeks of taking office, the government had announced an increase in the minimum wage, removed the interest on student loans for full-time and low-income students while they were still studying, announced the reversal of accident compensation deregulation, and introduced legislation to increase taxation for those on higher incomes.[19]
* Introduced paid parental leave of 12 weeks (2001), increasing to 14 weeks by the end of the government.[20]
* The Working for Families package was introduced in 2004, which significantly improved social welfare assistance for low-income families and contributed to a reduction in child poverty from 28% in 2004 to 22% in 2007.[21]
* The wage-related floor of the state pension was restored.[22]
* The Housing Restructuring Amendment Bill (2000) provided for income-related rents and set them at 25% of household income making community housing much more affordable than it had become under the previous Government's market rental strategy.[23]
* Equity Funding was introduced (2002), which provided additional funding to community-based ECE services most in need.[23]
* Research funding was increased.[23]
* The New Zealand Transport Strategy (released in December 2002) provided increased funding for initiatives to promote the use of buses, trains, cycling and walking.[23]
* The minimum wage was increased by more than 5% each year (well above the rate of inflation) during the labour-led government's second term.[23]
* The Health and Safety in Employment Amendment Act (2002) served to make the principal Act more comprehensive by covering more industries and more conditions.[23]
* The ring-fencing of mental health money and the creation of more than 800 FTE mental health staff positions see this promise coded as fulfilled representing a 100% fulfilment rate for this policy area.[23]
* ICT was expanded to students in remote areas so they could receive specialist teaching.[23]
* Holidays Act 2003

The Holidays Act (2003) entitled employees to receive "time and a half" for working on any statutory holiday from 2004 onwards and provided for four weeks' annual leave from 2007 onwards.[24] However, in 2016 MBIE found problems with underpayments on holiday pay due to the complex act, which had not been resolved in 2021.[25]

* Passed the Prostitution Reform Act 2003
* Passed the Property (Relationships) Act: treats de facto relationships the same as after the breakup of legal marriages, unless the individuals in the relationship contract out of the Act;
* Civil Union Act 2004
* Supported the Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007, which repealed and replaced section 59 of the Crimes Act 1961, which allowed "reasonable force" in the discipline of children.
* National Statement on Religious Diversity (2007)
* National Superannuation payments for married couples were increased (2000).[26]
* A Parental Tax Credit was introduced (2000).[26]
* A Child Tax Credit (which replaced the independent Family Tax Credit) was introduced (2000).[26]
* A Family Tax Credit (which was formerly the Guaranteed Minimum Family income) was introduced (2000).[26]
* A Modern Apprentices initiative was introduced to develop technological skills (2000).[26]
* The Family Start programme was expanded (2000).[26]
* Annual inflation to benefits was introduced (2000).[26]
* Closing the Gaps policy platform introduced (2000).[27]
* The Social Security Amendment Act of 2001 introduced various changes such as "disestablishment of the Community Wage, re-establishment of an unemployment benefit and non-work-tested sickness benefit, and the abolition of the work capacity assessment process".[26]
* The Social Security Amendment Act (2006) established three streams for reintegrating beneficiaries into the larger community. These included a work support stream for the unemployed, a work support development stream for most other beneficiaries, and a community support stream for a small group to be exempted from work, training or planning requirements.[28]
* Income-related rents for state-owned housing were restored (2000).[26]
* A social allocation system was introduced and implemented with the income-related rents scheme(2000).[26]
* Vacant sales were frozen and the Home Buy programme was ended (2000).
* Bulk funding for schools was ended (2000).[26]
* Expenditure was increased, or newly allocated, for the reduction of attrition of students from school, tertiary education subsidies, Maori and Pacific peoples' teacher recruitment, and Homework Centres (2000).[26]
* Interest on student loans while students are studying was abolished, while the decision of the Fourth National Government to increase the student loan repayment rate was reversed (2000).[26]
* Interest on student loans abolished for borrowers who remain in New Zealand (or studying overseas).[29]
* Tertiary student fees were kept stable (2001).[26]
* Expenditure for early childhood education was increased (2001).[26]
* The National Certificate of Educational Achievement was established (2001).[26]
* New funding was provided for principals' leadership and professional development (2001).[26]
* An In Work Payment was introduced to replace the Child Tax Credit.[28]
* The ministries that handled work and income and those that did social policy were merged to create a new Ministry of Social Development (2001).[28]

### Health

[edit]

* Creation of district health boards (2000).
* Dissolution of the Health Funding Authority, with its responsibilities given to the Ministry of Health and the district health boards.
* Introduction of the Primary Health Care Strategy, moving primary care funding towards capitation ('bulk funding'), and away from fee-for-service funding (2001).

### Environment

[edit]

* Royal Commission on Genetically Modified Organisms
* Sandra Lee enacted the Local Government Act 2002 (New Zealand).
* In 2002, the Climate Change Response Act 2002 was enacted in order to ratify Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC.[30]
* In September 2008, the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme was enacted through the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading) Amendment Act 2008.

### National identity

[edit]

* Completed Establishing a fully New Zealand-based honours system (2000).

### Foreign affairs

[edit]

* Signed free trade agreements with Brunei, Chile, China, Singapore, and Thailand.[31]
* Scrapped the combat wing of the Royal New Zealand Air Force.[32]
* Sent a detachment of SAS troops to the war in Afghanistan.
* Sent troops to Solomon Islands as part of the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands
* Sent troops to East Timor during the 2006 East Timorese crisis.[33]
* Sent troops and police to Tonga after the 2006 Nuku‘alofa riots.[34]
* Did not send combat troops to the Iraq War.[35]
* Launched Project Protector, to expand the Royal New Zealand Navy's capacity.
* Launched free trade negotiations with South Korea and Japan.

See also: Foreign relations of New Zealand

## Appointments

[edit]

The following positions were appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Government:

### Governor-General

[edit]

* The Hon. Dame Silvia Cartwright (2001–2006)
* The Right Hon. Sir Anand Satyanand (2006–2011)

### Supreme Court

[edit]

With the creation of the Supreme Court of New Zealand in 2003, the government appointed the first full bench of the Court.

* Chief Justice The Right Hon. Dame Sian Elias (1 July 2004)
* Justice The Hon. Sir Thomas Gault (1 July 2004)
* Justice The Hon. Sir Kenneth Keith (1 July 2004)
* Justice The Hon. Sir Peter Blanchard (1 July 2004)
* Justice The Hon. Sir Andrew Tipping (1 July 2004)
* Justice The Hon. John McGrath (4 May 2005)
* Justice The Hon. Sir Noel Crossley Anderson (21 February 2006)
* Justice The Hon. Bill Wilson (21 December 2007)

Acting judges were also appointed from the retired judges of the Court of Appeal:

* The Hon. Justice Sir John Henry
* The Hon. Justice Sir Ted Thomas
* Former President of the Court of Appeal Sir Ivor Richardson
* Former Chief Justice Sir Thomas Eichelbaum.

### Court of Appeal

[edit]

The government appointed three presidents of the Court of Appeal of New Zealand:

* The Right Hon. Sir William Young, KNZM 23 February 2006 – 1 July 2010
* The Hon Sir Noel Crossley Anderson, KNZM 1 January 2004 – 23 February 2006
* The Right Hon. Sir Thomas Gault, KNZM 24 May 2002 – 31 December 2003

## History

[edit]

### 1999 election

[edit]

Main article: 1999 New Zealand general election

The Fifth Labour government was elected in the 1999 general election, after entering a coalition with the Alliance Party and a confidence and supply agreement with the Green Party. Labour managed to increase their percentage of the votes by 10.5% and won 12 more seats than in the 1996 election.[36] With this coalition in place the Labour Party returned to government for the first time in nine years,[36] and Helen Clark became New Zealand's first elected female prime minister.[37] The 1999 election was Labour's first successful MMP election.[36]

### 2002 election

[edit]

Main article: 2002 New Zealand general election

The 2002 election was held a few weeks before the Parliamentary term elapsed.[38] This had only occurred twice before in New Zealand's political history, in 1951 and 1984.[39] The Government cited the collapse of the Alliance Party, with whom they had entered a coalition in 1999, as the reason for the earlier date. The Alliance Party had split after Jim Anderton, their leader, left to form the Progressive Coalition Party.[40] However, some critics believe that Labour could have continued to govern for the remaining few weeks. They say that the election was called early to capitalise on high opinion poll ratings before they could be undermined by a potential softening in the New Zealand economic performance.[38]

After initial polls indicated Labour might win enough seats to govern alone, a feat that had never occurred under MMP in New Zealand, they won 41.3% of the vote and 52 seats. Although this was an improvement on their results in the 1999 election, it was not enough to govern alone,[38] and Labour entered a coalition with the Progressive Coalition Party, and a confidence and supply agreement with United Future.[38] Labour's success was highlighted by the National Party's demise, as they accrued a record low 20.9% of the vote.[38]

### 2005 election

[edit]

Main article: 2005 New Zealand general election

After initial doubt as to what date the election would be held, 17 September was the chosen day.[41] After falling behind National in the initial opinion polls, Labour fought back to obtain 41.1% of the vote. Although this was a 0.2% decrease from the previous election, it still saw them sit ahead of National by 2%.[41] The 2005 election saw a dramatic fall in the success of the minor parties. New Zealand First and United Future each won less than half of the percentage of total votes they achieved in 2002.[41] In order to reach the required majority, Labour entered confidence and supply agreements with New Zealand First and United Future. This was in addition to a coalition agreement with the Progressive Coalition Party, of whom only Jim Anderton obtained a seat.[41]

The newly formed Maori Party accrued four seats.[42] After only being formed in 2004 as a result of the controversial Foreshore and Seabed Act, they oversaw a successful campaign based on a critical assessment of Labour's record with Maori issues.[41] Their success was highlighted by the decline of ACT New Zealand, who won two seats, and the Progressive Coalition and United Future, who each won only a single seat.[42]

## Election results

[edit]

The table below shows the total party votes for Labour and parties that supported the Labour-led government. For more details of election results, see the election articles.

Election  | Parliament  | Seats  | Total votes  | Percentage  | Gain (loss)  | Seats won  | Change  | Majority

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1999 | 46th | 120 | 1,066,618  | 51.64%  | \-  | 66  | \-  | 6
2002 | 47th | 120 | 1,150,911  | 56.65%  | +5.01%  | 71  | +5  | 22
2005 | 48th | 121 | 1,152,735  | 50.65%  | -6.00%  | 61  | -10  | 1
2008 | 49th | 122 | 1,091,587  | Lab 33.99%, Progressive 0.91, NZF 4.07%, UF 0.87, Green 6.72  | Lab −7.11%, Progressive -0.25, NZF −1.65%, UF -1.80, Green + 1.42  | Lab 43, Progressive 1, NZF 0, UF 1, Green 9 | Lab −8, Progressive =1, NZF −7, UF -2, Green +3  | \-

Notes

* Following the 1999 election, Labour formed a coalition with the Alliance Party, and gained support on matters of confidence and supply from the Greens.
* Following the 2002 election, Labour formed a coalition with the Progressive Party, and gained support on matters of confidence and supply from United Future. The Greens also entered into a formal agreement with the government, but it was not as strong as the agreements covering confidence and supply it made in the preceding and following parliaments.[43]
* Following the 2005 election, Labour formed a coalition with the Progressive Party, and gained support on matters of confidence and supply from New Zealand First and United Future, giving the Labour-led Government a majority. The Greens signed an agreement to abstain on votes of confidence and supply, and the Māori Party also abstained on confidence and supply votes but had no formal agreement with the Government.

## Prime minister

[edit]

Helen Clark, prime minister from 1999 to 2008

Helen Clark was Prime Minister from when the government was elected in 1999 until it was defeated by the National Party in the 2008 elections.

## Cabinet Ministers

[edit]

Main article: Cabinet of New Zealand

Portfolio  | Minister  | Party  | Start  | End

|
|
|
|

Prime Minister | Helen Clark |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 November 2008
Deputy Prime Minister | Jim Anderton |  | Alliance  | 10 December 1999 | 15 August 2002
Michael Cullen |  | Labour  | 15 August 2002 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Agriculture | Jim Sutton |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 October 2005
Jim Anderton |  | Progressive  | 19 October 2005 | 19 November 2008
Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage | Helen Clark |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 November 2008
Attorney-General | Margaret Wilson |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 28 February 2005
Michael Cullen |  | Labour  | 28 February 2005 | 19 October 2005
David Parker |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 20 March 2006
Michael Cullen |  | Labour  | 21 March 2006 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Broadcasting | Marian Hobbs |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 23 February 2001
Steve Maharey |  | Labour  | 23 February 2001 | 27 March 2001
Marian Hobbs |  | Labour  | 27 March 2001 | 15 August 2002
David Cunliffe |  | Labour  | 15 August 2002 | 19 November 2008
Minister for Civil Defence | George Hawkins |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 October 2005
Rick Barker |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Commerce | Paul Swain |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 15 August 2002
Lianne Dalziel |  | Labour  | 15 August 2002 | 21 February 2004
Margaret Wilson |  | Labour  | 21 February 2004 | 21 December 2004
Pete Hodgson |  | Labour  | 21 December 2004 | 19 October 2005
Lianne Dalziel |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Conservation | Sandra Lee |  | Alliance  | 10 December 1999 | 15 August 2002
Chris Carter |  | Labour  | 15 August 2002 | 31 October 2007
Steve Chadwick |  | Labour  | 31 October 2007 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Consumer Affairs | Phillida Bunkle |  | Alliance  | 10 December 1999 | 23 February 2001
Jim Anderton |  | Alliance  | 23 February 2001 | 15 August 2002
Judith Tizard |  | Labour  | 15 August 2002 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Corrections | Matt Robson |  | Alliance  | 10 December 1999 | 15 August 2002
Mark Gosche |  | Labour  | 15 August 2002 | 19 May 2003
Paul Swain |  | Labour  | 19 May 2003 | 19 October 2005
Damien O'Connor |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 2 November 2007
Phil Goff |  | Labour  | 2 November 2007 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Customs | Phillida Bunkle |  | Alliance  | 10 December 1999 | 23 February 2001
Jim Anderton |  | Alliance  | 23 February 2001 | 15 August 2002
Rick Barker |  | Labour  | 15 August 2002 | 19 October 2005
Nanaia Mahuta |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Defence | Mark Burton |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 October 2005
Phil Goff |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Economic Development | Jim Anderton |  | Alliance  | 10 December 1999 | 19 October 2005
Trevor Mallard |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 2 November 2007
Pete Hodgson |  | Labour  | 2 November 2007 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Education | Trevor Mallard |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 October 2005
Steve Maharey |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 31 October 2007
Chris Carter |  | Labour  | 31 October 2007 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Energy | Pete Hodgson |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 21 December 2004
Trevor Mallard |  | Labour  | 21 December 2004 | 19 October 2005
David Parker |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 21 March 2006
Trevor Mallard |  | Labour  | 21 March 2006 | 3 May 2006
David Parker |  | Labour  | 3 May 2006 | 19 November 2008
Minister for the Environment | Marian Hobbs |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 October 2005
David Benson-Pope |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 27 July 2007
Trevor Mallard |  | Labour  | 27 July 2007 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Finance | Michael Cullen |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Fisheries | Pete Hodgson |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 26 February 2004
David Benson-Pope |  | Labour  | 26 February 2004 | 19 October 2005
Jim Anderton |  | Progressive  | 19 October 2005 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Foreign Affairs | Phil Goff |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 October 2005
Winston Peters |  | NZ First  | 19 October 2005 | 29 August 2008
Helen Clark |  | Labour  | 29 August 2008 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Forestry | Pete Hodgson |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 15 August 2002
Parekura Horomia |  | Labour  | 15 August 2002 | 19 October 2005
Jim Anderton |  | Progressive  | 19 October 2005 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Health | Annette King |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 October 2005
Pete Hodgson |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 31 October 2007
David Cunliffe |  | Labour  | 31 October 2007 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Housing | Mark Gosche |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 12 May 2003
Steve Maharey |  | Labour  | 12 May 2003 | 19 October 2005
Chris Carter |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 5 November 2007
Maryan Street |  | Labour  | 5 November 2007 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Immigration | Lianne Dalziel |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 21 February 2004
Paul Swain |  | Labour  | 21 February 2004 | 19 October 2005
David Cunliffe |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 11 November 2007
Clayton Cosgrove |  | Labour  | 11 November 2007 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Internal Affairs | Mark Burton |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 13 November 2000
George Hawkins |  | Labour  | 13 November 2000 | 19 October 2005
Rick Barker |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Justice | Phil Goff |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 October 2005
Mark Burton |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 31 October 2007
Annette King |  | Labour  | 31 October 2007 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Labour | Margaret Wilson |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 26 February 2004
Paul Swain |  | Labour  | 26 February 2004 | 19 October 2005
Ruth Dyson |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 5 November 2007
Trevor Mallard |  | Labour  | 5 November 2007 | 19 November 2008
Leader of the House | Michael Cullen |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Māori Affairs | Dover Samuels |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 28 June 2000
Parekura Horomia |  | Labour  | 28 June 2000 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Local Government | Sandra Lee |  | Alliance  | 10 December 1999 | 15 August 2002
Chris Carter |  | Labour  | 15 August 2002 | 19 October 2005
Nanaia Mahuta |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Police | George Hawkins |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 October 2005
Annette King |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Revenue | Michael Cullen |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 October 2005
Peter Dunne |  | United Future  | 19 October 2005 | 19 November 2008
Minister for Social Welfare | Steve Maharey |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 October 2005
David Benson-Pope |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 27 July 2007
Steve Maharey |  | Labour  | 27 July 2007 | 31 October 2007
Ruth Dyson |  | Labour  | 31 October 2007 | 19 November 2008
Minister for Sport | Trevor Mallard |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 31 October 2007
Clayton Cosgrove |  | Labour  | 31 October 2007 | 19 November 2008
Minister for State Owned Enterprises | Mark Burton |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 21 December 2004
Paul Swain |  | Labour  | 21 December 2004 | 19 October 2005
Trevor Mallard |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Statistics | Paul Swain |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 13 November 2000
Laila Harré |  | Alliance  | 13 November 2000 | 15 August 2002
John Tamihere |  | Labour  | 15 August 2002 | 15 October 2004
Michael Cullen |  | Labour  | 15 October 2004 | 21 December 2004
Pete Hodgson |  | Labour  | 21 December 2004 | 19 October 2005
Clayton Cosgrove |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 5 November 2007
Darren Hughes |  | Labour  | 5 November 2007 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Tourism | Mark Burton |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 October 2005
Damien O'Connor |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Trade | Jim Sutton |  | Labour  | 15 August 2002 | 19 October 2005
Phil Goff |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 19 November 2008
Minister of Transport | Mark Gosche |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 15 August 2002
Paul Swain |  | Labour  | 15 August 2002 | 26 February 2004
Pete Hodgson |  | Labour  | 26 February 2004 | 19 October 2005
David Parker |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 21 March 2006
Annette King |  | Labour  | 21 March 2006 | 19 November 2008
Treasurer | Michael Cullen |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 19 November 2008
Minister for Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations | Margaret Wilson |  | Labour  | 10 December 1999 | 28 February 2005
Mark Burton |  | Labour  | 28 February 2005 | 31 October 2007
Michael Cullen |  | Labour  | 31 October 2007 | 19 November 2008
Minister for Women | Laila Harré |  | Alliance  | 10 December 1999 | 15 August 2002
Ruth Dyson |  | Labour  | 15 August 2002 | 19 October 2005
Lianne Dalziel |  | Labour  | 19 October 2005 | 5 November 2007
Steve Chadwick |  | Labour  | 5 November 2007 | 19 November 2008

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Piercy, Gemma; Mackness, Kate; Rarere, Moana; Madley, Brendan (2017). "Investigating commentary on the fifth Labour-led government's Third Way approach" (PDF). New Zealand Sociology. 32 (1): 51–75 - via University of Waikato Research Commons.51-75&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Piercy&rft.aufirst=Gemma&rft.au=Mackness,+Kate&rft.au=Rarere,+Moana&rft.au=Madley,+Brendan&rft_id=https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/11730/NZS2017V032N01_051.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed;=y&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fifth+Labour+Government+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988">
2. ^ Humpage, Louise (2006). "An 'inclusive' society: a 'leap forward' for Maori in New Zealand?". Critical Social Policy 26 (1): 220–242.
3. ^ Thomson, Ainsley (19 September 2005). "United's 'Mr Reasonable' makes withering attack on Green Party". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
4. ^ "Labour led Government Co-operation Agreement with the Green Party" (PDF). 17 October 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 April 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2008.
5. ^ "The state of our nation 1999–2007 – some facts" (Press release). New Zealand Government. 30 January 2007. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
6. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2012.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
7. ^ Dore, Christoper (21 October 2000). "Siege of Helengrad". Weekend Australian. Australia. p. 25.
8. ^ James, Colin (August 2003). "A farm girl, discipline and her helicopter". Management Magazine. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2008.
9. ^ Squires, Nick (10 January 2008). "Australians add new words to dictionary". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
10. ^ "Income tax rates". 8 October 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
11. ^ "Budget 2008 – Tax Changes". 22 May 2008. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
12. ^ "PM welcomes fisheries scholarship | Beehive.govt.nz". www.beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
13. ^ "New Zealand School Curriculum launch | Beehive.govt.nz". www.beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
14. ^ "More Funding for the Treaty 2U exhibition | Beehive.govt.nz". www.beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
15. ^ "PM gives formal apology to Te Arawa | Beehive.govt.nz". www.beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
16. ^ "Formal apology to Te Uri O Hau | Beehive.govt.nz". www.beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
17. ^ "Waitangi Day commemorative fund | Beehive.govt.nz". www.beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
18. ^ PM welcomes fisheries scholarship. 2001. Retrieved from:https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/pm-welcomes-fisheries-scholarship
19. ^ Keith Sinclair (1959). A History of New Zealand.
20. ^ Katherine Forbes. "Paid Parental Leave Under (New) Labour". Social Policy Journal of New Zealand (34).
21. ^ "Child Poverty Monitor: Technical Report". Child Poverty Monitor. 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
22. ^ Alison McClelland & Susan St. John (2006). "Social policy responses to globalisation in Australia and New Zealand, 1980–2005" (PDF). Australian Journal of Political Science. 41 (2): 177–191\. doi:10.1080/10361140600672428. S2CID 153508078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2011.177-191&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080/10361140600672428&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153508078#id-name=S2CID&rft.au=Alison+McClelland+&+Susan+St.+John&rft_id=http://homes.eco.auckland.ac.nz/sstj003/McClelland%20St%20John.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fifth+Labour+Government+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988">
23. ^ a b c d e f g h Nathan P. McClusky (2008). A Policy of Honesty: Election Manifesto Pledge Fulfilment in New Zealand 1972–2005 (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Canterbury.
24. ^ "Timeline". Labour History Project. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
25. ^ The Post (Wellington) 23 February 2021 page 18
26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Stephen McTaggart (December 2005). "Monitoring the Impact of Social Policy, 1980–2001: Report on Significant Policy Events" (PDF). Occasional Paper Series, Resource Report 1. Social Policy Evaluation and Research Committee (SPEAR). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
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29. ^ ""Interest-free" student loans for borrowers living in New Zealand". IRD. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
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31. ^ "Singapore signs Free Trade Agreement with New Zealand". History SG. 13 November 2000.
32. ^ Chapman, Paul. "New Zealand scraps air force warplanes". The Telegraph. 9 May 2001.
33. ^ Brooker, Jarrod (27 May 2006). "NZ forces on way to East Timor". New Zealand Herald.
34. ^ Young, Audrey. "Joint task force in Tonga this afternoon". New Zealand Herald. 18 November 2006.
35. ^ "NZ refused to send troops to Iraq for war 'it didn't believe in'". TVNZ. 7 July 2016.
36. ^ a b c Alvey, James (2000). "The 1999 Election in New Zealand". Review – Institute of Public Affairs 52. 1: 17–18.17-18&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Alvey&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fifth+Labour+Government+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988">
37. ^ "Helen Clark | NZHistory, New Zealand history online". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
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## Further reading

[edit]

* Boston, Jonathan. Left Turn: The New Zealand general election of 1999 (Victoria U.P, 2000)
* Boston, Jonathan; et al. (2004). New Zealand Votes: The 2002 General Election. Victoria University Press. ISBN 9780864734686.
* Harvey, John; Edwards, John (2019). Annette King: The Authorised Biography. Auckland: Upstart Press. ISBN 978-1-988516-37-0.
* Levine, Stephen and Nigel S. Roberts, eds. The Baubles of Office: The New Zealand General Election of 2005 (Victoria U.P, 2007)
* Levine, Stephen and Nigel S. Roberts, eds. Key to Victory: The New Zealand General Election of 2008 (Victoria U.P, 2010)
* Welch, Denis. Helen Clark: A Political Life (2009) 240pp

* v
* t
* e

Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand

Leadership|

| Prime Minister|

* Helen Clark

|

Deputy Prime Minister|

* Jim Anderton (1999–2002)
* Michael Cullen (2002–2008)

Political parties|

* Labour Party (Main)
* Alliance
* Progressive
* United Future
* Greens
* NZ First

Ministers|

| Cabinet|

* Helen Clark
* Jim Anderton
* Michael Cullen
* Jim Sutton
* Margaret Wilson
* David Parker
* Marian Hobbs
* Steve Maharey
* David Cunliffe
* George Hawkins
* Rick Barker
* Paul Swain
* Lianne Dalziel
* Margaret Wilson
* Pete Hodgson
* Sandra Lee
* Chris Carter
* Steve Chadwick
* Phillida Bunkle
* Judith Tizard
* Matt Robson
* Mark Gosche
* Damien O'Connor
* Phil Goff
* Phillida Bunkle
* Nanaia Mahuta
* Mark Burton
* Trevor Mallard
* David Benson-Pope
* Winston Peters
* Parekura Horomia
* Annette King
* Maryan Street
* Clayton Cosgrove
* Ruth Dyson
* Dover Samuels
* Peter Dunne
* Laila Harré
* John Tamihere
* Darren Hughes

|

Non-
Cabinet|

| Labour Party|

|

Alliance|

* Jim Anderton

Progressive|

* Jim Anderton

United Future|

* Peter Dunne

NZ First|

* Winston Peters

Parliamentary
leadership|

| Speaker of the House|

* Jonathan Hunt (1999–2005)
* Margaret Wilson (2005–2008)

|

Leader of the House|

* Michael Cullen

Chief Government Whip|

* Rick Barker (1999–2002)
* David Benson-Pope (2002–2004)
* Jill Pettis (2004–2005)
* Tim Barnett (2005–2008)

Elections
(parliaments)|

* 1999 (46th)
* 2002 (47th)
* 2005 (48th)
* 2008 (defeated)

Significant
policies
and events|

* Creation of Kiwibank
* New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy

Other offices|

| Governor-General|

* Sir Michael Hardie Boys (1999–2001)
* Dame Silvia Cartwright (2001–2006)
* Sir Anand Satyanand (2006–2008)

|

Chief Justice|

* Sir Thomas Eichelbaum (1989–1999)
* Dame Sian Elias (1999–2019)

Leader of the Opposition
(National Party)|

* Jenny Shipley (1999–2001)
* Bill English (2001–2003)
* Don Brash (2003–2006)
* John Key (2006–2008)

* 1999–2008

* ← Fourth National Government
* Fifth National Government →

* v
* t
* e

Governments of New Zealand

Executives without power|

* Fitzgerald
* Forsaith

Responsible government|

* Sewell
* Fox (first)
* Stafford (first)
* Fox (second)
* Domett
* Whitaker-Fox
* Weld
* Stafford (second)
* Fox (third)
* Stafford (third)
* Waterhouse
* Fox (fourth)
* Vogel (first)
* Pollen
* Vogel (second)
* Continuous Ministry
* Atkinson (first)
* Atkinson (second)
* Grey
* Hall
* Whitaker
* Atkinson (third)
* Stout-Vogel (first)
* Atkinson (fourth)
* Stout-Vogel (second)
* Atkinson (fifth)

Governments along party lines|

* Liberal (1891–1912)
* Reform (1912–1928)
* United (1928–1931)
* United–Reform coalition (1931–1935)
* First Labour (1935–1949)
* First National (1949–1957)
* Second Labour (1957–1960)
* Second National (1960–1972)
* Third Labour (1972–1975)
* Third National (1975–1984)
* Fourth Labour (1984–1990)
* Fourth National (1990–1999)
* Fifth Labour (1999–2008)
* Fifth National (2008–2017)
* Sixth Labour (2017–2023)
* First term (2017–2020)
* Second term (2020–2023)
* Sixth National (Current)

* v
* t
* e

New Zealand Labour Party

Leadership

| Leaders
Names in bold served
as prime minister|

* Alfred Hindmarsh (1916–18)
* Harry Holland (1919–33)
* Michael Joseph Savage (1933–40)
* Peter Fraser (1940–50)
* Walter Nash (1950–63)
* Arnold Nordmeyer (1963–65)
* Norman Kirk (1965–74)
* Bill Rowling (1974–83)
* David Lange (1983–89)
* Geoffrey Palmer (1989–90)
* Mike Moore (1990–93)
* Helen Clark (1993–2008)
* Phil Goff (2008–11)
* David Shearer (2011–13)
* David Cunliffe (2013–14)
* Andrew Little (2014–17)
* Jacinda Ardern (2017–23)
* Chris Hipkins (2023–present)

* * *

|

Deputy leaders|

* James McCombs (1919–23)
* Michael Joseph Savage (1923–33)
* Peter Fraser (1933–40)
* Walter Nash (1940–51)
* Jerry Skinner (1951–62)
* Fred Hackett (1962–63)
* Hugh Watt (1963–74)
* Bob Tizard (1974–79)
* David Lange (1979–83)
* Geoffrey Palmer (1983–89)
* Helen Clark (1989–93)
* David Caygill (1993–96)
* Michael Cullen (1996–2008)
* Annette King (2008–11)
* Grant Robertson (2011–13)
* David Parker (2013–14)
* Annette King (2014–17)
* Jacinda Ardern (2017)
* Kelvin Davis (2017–23)
* Carmel Sepuloni (2023–present)

* * *

Leadership elections|

* 1919
* 1920
* 1921
* 1922
* 1923
* 1933
* 1940
* 1951
* 1954
* 1963
* 1965
* 1974
* 1980
* 1983
* 1988
* 1989
* 1990
* 1993
* 1996
* 2008
* 2011
* 2013
* 2014
* 2017
* 2023

Internal offices

| Party presidents|

* James McCombs (1916–17)
* Andrew Walker (1917–18)
* Tom Paul (1918–20)
* Peter Fraser (1920–21)
* Frederick Cooke (1921–22)
* Tom Brindle (1922–26)
* Bob Semple (1926–28)
* John Archer (1928–29)
* Jim Thorn (1929–31)
* Rex Mason (1931–32)
* Bill Jordan (1932–33)
* Frank Langstone (1933–34)
* Tim Armstrong (1934–35)
* Walter Nash (1935–36)
* Clyde Carr (1936–37)
* James Roberts (1937–50)
* Arnold Nordmeyer (1950–55)
* Mick Moohan (1955–60)
* Martyn Finlay (1960–64)
* Norman Kirk (1964–66)
* Norman Douglas (1966–70)
* Bill Rowling (1970–73)
* Charles Bennett (1973–76)
* Arthur Faulkner (1976–79)
* Jim Anderton (1979–84)
* Margaret Wilson (1984–87)
* Rex Jones (1987–88)
* Ruth Dyson (1988–93)
* Maryan Street (1993–95)
* Michael Hirschfeld (1995–99)
* Bob Harvey (1999–2000)
* Mike Williams (2000–09)
* Andrew Little (2009–11)
* Moira Coatsworth (2011–15)
* Nigel Haworth (2015–19)
* Claire Szabó (2019–22)
* Jill Day (2022–present)

* * *

|

General secretaries|

* John Glover (1916–19)
* Michael Joseph Savage (1919–20)
* Moses Ayrton (1920–22)
* Walter Nash (1922–32)
* Jim Thorn (1932–36)
* David Wilson (1936–40)
* Mick Moohan (1940–48)
* Allan McDonald (1948–71)
* John Wybrow (1971–85)
* Tony Timms (1985–95)
* Rob Allen (1995–2000)
* Mike Smith (2001–08)
* Chris Flatt (2008–12)
* Tim Barnett (2012–16)
* Andrew Kirton (2016–18)
* Andre Anderson (2018–20)
* Rob Salmond (2020–present)

* * *

Senior Whips|

* Andrew Walker (1916–19)
* James McCombs (1919–22)
* Dan Sullivan (1922–35)
* Bill Jordan (1935–36)
* Robert McKeen (1937–39)
* James O'Brien (1939–42)
* Arthur Shapton Richards (1942–47)
* Robert Macfarlane (1947–51)
* Phil Connolly (1951–52)
* Joe Cotterill (1952–58)
* Henry May (1958–72)
* Ron Barclay (1972–76)
* Roger Drayton (1976–78)
* Russell Marshall (1978–80)
* Jonathan Hunt (1980–84)
* Michael Cullen (1984–87)
* Margaret Austin (1987–90)
* Trevor Mallard (1990)
* Jonathan Hunt (1990–96)
* Mark Burton (1996–99)
* Rick Barker (1999–2002)
* David Benson-Pope (2002–04)
* Jill Pettis (2004–05)
* Tim Barnett (2005–08)
* Darren Hughes (2008–11)
* Rick Barker (2011)
* Chris Hipkins (2011–13)
* Sue Moroney (2013–14)
* Chris Hipkins (2014–16)
* Kris Faafoi (2016–17)
* Ruth Dyson (2017–19)
* Michael Wood (2019–20)
* Kieran McAnulty (2020–22)
* Duncan Webb (2022–23)
* Tangi Utikere (2023–present)

Organisation

| Current members
of parliament
Names without
electorates are list MPs
(List of former MPs)|

* Leader: Chris Hipkins (Remutaka)
* Deputy Leader: Carmel Sepuloni (Kelston)

* Ginny Andersen
* Camilla Belich
* Glen Bennett
* Rachel Boyack (Nelson)
* Rachel Brooking (Dunedin)
* Reuben Davidson (Christchurch East)
* Barbara Edmonds (Mana)
* Shanan Halbert
* Peeni Henare
* Willie Jackson
* Ingrid Leary (Taieri)
* Jo Luxton
* Kieran McAnulty
* Tracey McLellan
* Damien O'Connor
* Greg O'Connor (Ōhāriu)
* David Parker
* Willow-Jean Prime
* Priyanca Radhakrishnan
* Adrian Rurawhe
* Deborah Russell
* Jenny Salesa (Panmure-Ōtāhuhu)
* Lemauga Lydia Sosene (Māngere)
* Cushla Tangaere-Manuel (Ikaroa-Rāwhiti)
* Jan Tinetti
* Phil Twyford (Te Atatū)
* Tangi Utikere (Palmerston North)
* Ayesha Verrall
* Duncan Webb (Christchurch Central)
* Helen White (Mount Albert)
* Arena Williams (Manurewa)
* Megan Woods (Wigram)

* * *

|

Related organisations|

* City Vision
* The People's Choice
* Princes Street Labour
* Rainbow Labour
* Rātana
* VicLabour
* Young Labour

History

| History and related topics|

* Liberal–Labour
* Labour Unity Conferences
* Lee affair
* Black Budget
* Mason Affair
* It's Time
* Citizens for Rowling
* Moyle Affair
* Fish and Chip Brigade
* Rogernomics
* Māori loan affair
* Backbone club
* Closing the Gaps
* Helengrad
* Corngate
* Foreshore and seabed controversy
* KiwiSaver

* * *

|

Labour governments|

* First (1935–49)
* Second (1957–60)
* Third (1972–75)
* Fourth (1984–90)
* Fifth (1999–2008)
* Sixth (2017–23)

* * *

Shadow cabinets|

* Kirk
* Rowling
* Lange
* Moore
* Clark
* Goff
* Shearer
* Cunliffe
* Little
* Ardern
* Hipkins

* * *

Predecessor parties|

* New Zealand Liberal Party
* New Zealand Socialist Party
* Independent Political Labour League
* New Zealand Labour Party (1910)
* United Labour Party
* Social Democratic Party

* v
* t
* e

Helen Clark

* Administrator of the UN Development Programme (2009–2017)
* Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008)
* Leader of the Labour Party (1993–2008)
* Member of Parliament for Mount Albert (1981–2009)

Premiership|

* 1999–2008

Elections|

* 1996
* 1999
* 2002
* 2005
* 2008

Leadership elections|

* 1993
* 1996

Ideology|

* Closing the Gaps
* Working for Families
* KiwiSaver
* Cullen Fund

Related articles|

* Peter Davis (husband)
* Shadow Cabinet
* Helengrad
* Corngate
* Helen Clark Foundation

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