First impeachment of Donald Trump

2019 US presidential impeachment

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|

First impeachment of Donald Trump

Members of House of Representatives vote on two articles of impeachment

Accused| Donald Trump, President of the United States[1]
Proponents|

* Nancy Pelosi
(Speaker of the House of Representatives)
* Adam Schiff
(Chair of the House Intelligence Committee)
* Jerry Nadler
(Chair of the House Judiciary Committee)

Date| December 18, 2019 ⁠–⁠ February 5, 2020
(1 month, 2 weeks and 4 days)
Outcome| Acquitted by the U.S. Senate, remained in the office of President of the United States
Charges| Abuse of power, Obstruction of Congress
Cause| Allegations that Trump unlawfully solicited Ukrainian authorities to influence the 2020 U.S. presidential election
Congressional votes
Voting in the U.S. House of Representatives
Accusation| Abuse of power
Votes in favor| 230
Votes against| 197
Present| 1
Not voting| 3
Result| Approved
Accusation| Obstruction of Congress
Votes in favor| 229
Votes against| 198
Present| 1
Not voting| 3
Result| Approved
Voting in the U.S. Senate
Accusation| Article I – Abuse of power
Votes in favor| 48 "guilty"
Votes against| 52 "not guilty"
Result| Acquitted (67 "guilty" votes necessary for a conviction)
Accusation| Article II – Obstruction of Congress
Votes in favor| 47 "guilty"
Votes against| 53 "not guilty"
Result| Acquitted (67 "guilty" votes necessary for a conviction)
Trump–Ukraine scandal

A request by U.S. President Donald Trump (right) to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy (left) to investigate Joe Biden and his son sparked the scandal.

Events

List

* Presidency of Donald Trump
* 2019 Ukrainian presidential election
* Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump
* First impeachment of Donald Trump
* First impeachment trial of Donald Trump
* 2020 U.S. presidential election
* Foreign interference in the 2020 United States elections

People

White House

* President Donald Trump
* John Bolton
* Pam Bondi
* Tom Bossert
* Pat Cipollone
* Fiona Hill
* Charles Kupperman
* Mick Mulvaney
* Mike Pence
* Tony Sayegh

Justice Department

* Michael Atkinson
* William Barr

State Department

* Ulrich Brechbuhl
* Catherine Croft
* David Hale
* David Holmes
* George Kent
* Steve Linick
* Michael McKinley
* Mike Pompeo
* Philip Reeker
* Gordon Sondland
* Bill Taylor
* Kurt Volker
* Jennifer Williams
* Marie Yovanovitch

Defense Department

* Laura Cooper
* Kathryn L. Wheelbarger

National Security Council

* John Eisenberg
* Tim Morrison
* Alexander Vindman

Intelligence

* Joseph Maguire
* Michael Atkinson

Congress

* Nancy Pelosi
* Adam Schiff
* Lindsey Graham
* Devin Nunes
* Pete Sessions
* Kashyap Patel
* Elise Stefanik
* Jim Jordan

Ukrainians

* Volodymyr Zelenskyy
* Andriy Bohdan
* Dmytro Firtash
* Serhiy Leshchenko
* Mykola Zlochevsky
* Yuriy Lutsenko

Surrogates

* Rudy Giuliani
* Jay Sekulow

Scholars

* Noah Feldman
* Michael Gerhardt
* Pamela S. Karlan
* Jonathan Turley

Related

* Andrew P. Bakaj
* Hunter Biden
* Joe Biden
* Igor Fruman
* Amos Hochstein
* Lev Parnas
* Rick Perry
* John Solomon
* Russell Vought
* Mark Zaid

Companies

List

* Burisma
* CrowdStrike
* Naftogaz

Conspiracy theories

List

* Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal
* Russia investigation origins counter-narrative
* Spygate

* v
* t
* e

The first impeachment of Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021, began on December 18, 2019, during the 116th United States Congress. The House of Representatives adopted two articles of impeachment against Trump: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. Trump was acquitted by the Senate on February 5, 2020.[2]

Trump's impeachment came after a formal House inquiry found that he had solicited foreign interference in the 2020 U.S. presidential election to help his re-election bid and then obstructed the inquiry itself by telling his administration officials to ignore subpoenas for documents and testimony. The inquiry reported that Trump withheld military aid[a] and an invitation to the White House to Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy in order to influence Ukraine to announce an investigation into Trump's political opponent Joe Biden and to promote a discredited conspiracy theory that Ukraine, not Russia, was behind interference in the 2016 presidential election. A phone call between Trump and Zelenskyy on July 25, 2019 was particularly important according to Congressional testimony from Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman, a member of the National Security Council who listened to the call from the White House Situation Room.[4][5]

The inquiry stage of Trump's impeachment lasted from September to November 2019 in the wake of Vindman's August whistleblower complaint alleging Trump's abuse of power.[4] In October, three congressional committees (Intelligence, Oversight, and Foreign Affairs) deposed witnesses. In November, the House Intelligence Committee held a number of public hearings in which witnesses testified publicly; on December 3, the committee voted 13–9 along party lines to adopt a final report. The total number of witnesses testifying either publicly or in closed door sessions was 17. A set of impeachment hearings before the House Judiciary Committee began on December 4; on December 13, it voted 23–17 along party lines to recommend two articles of impeachment for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. The committee released a lengthy report on the impeachment articles on December 16. Two days later, the full House approved both articles in a mostly party-line vote, with all Republicans opposing, along with three Democrats. This made Trump the third U.S. president in history to be impeached and marked the first fully partisan impeachment where a U.S. president was impeached without support for the impeachment from the President's own party.

The articles were submitted to the Senate on January 16, 2020, initiating the trial. The trial saw no witnesses or documents being subpoenaed, as Republican senators rejected attempts to introduce subpoenas. On February 5, Trump was acquitted on both counts by the Senate, as neither count received 67 votes to convict. On Article I, abuse of power, the vote was 48 for conviction, 52 for acquittal. On Article II, obstruction of Congress, the vote was 47 for conviction, 53 for acquittal. Republican Mitt Romney, the only senator to break party lines, became the first U.S. senator to vote to convict a president of his own party in an impeachment trial, as he voted for conviction on abuse of power.[6] Trump remained in office for the remainder of his term.

Two days after the acquittal, Trump fired two witnesses who had testified about his conduct in the impeachment inquiry: Ambassador Gordon Sondland and Alexander Vindman,[7] together with Vindman's twin brother Yevgeny.[7]

On June 23, 2023, Republican House Speaker Kevin McCarthy said that he supported an effort to hold a vote "expunging" both impeachments of Trump.[8]

## Background[edit]

|  |

This article is part of
a series about

Donald Trump

|

* * *

Business and personal

* Business career
* The Trump Organization
* wealth
* tax returns
* Media career
* The Apprentice
* books
* filmography
* Eponyms
* Family
* Foundation
* American football
* Golf
* Honors
* Public image
* in popular culture
* SNL parodies
* handshakes
* Legal affairs
* Sexual misconduct allegations
* Nicknames
* pseudonyms
* Racial views
* Comments on John McCain
* Conspiracy theories
* Residences

* * *

45th President of the United States

* Presidency
* timeline
* Transition
* Inauguration
* Presidential library

* * *

Tenure

* Executive actions
* proclamations
* pardons
* Trips
* foreign
* '17
* '18
* '19
* '20–'21
* North Korea summits
* Singapore
* Hanoi
* DMZ
* Riyadh summit
* Helsinki summit
* Shutdowns
* January 2018
* 2018–2019
* Polls
* Lawsuits
* Protests
* federal law enforcement deployment
* St. John's Church photo op
* Social media
* False or misleading statements
* Killings
* al-Baghdadi
* Soleimani
* Trumpism
* TikTok controversy

* * *

Policies

* Economy
* tax cuts
* tariffs
* China trade war
* farmer bailouts
* Environment
* Paris withdrawal
* Foreign policy
* America First
* Saudi Arabia arms deal
* Iran nuclear deal withdrawal
* Jerusalem
* Golan Heights
* Palestine peace plan
* Abraham Accords
* USMCA
* Doha Agreement
* Immigration
* travel ban
* wall
* family separation
* migrant detentions
* troop deployments
* national emergency
* Infrastructure
* Social issues
* First Step Act
* cannabis
* Space

* * *

Appointments

* Cabinet
* speculation
* Ambassadors
* Federal judges
* Gorsuch
* Kavanaugh
* Barrett
* Supreme Court candidates
* Executives
* U.S. Attorneys

* * *

Presidential campaigns

* 2000
* primaries
* 2016
* election
* primaries
* endorsements
* rallies
* convention
* debates
* Never Trump movement
* people
* Access Hollywood tape
* wiretapping allegations
* Spygate
* 2020
* election
* primaries
* endorsements
* political
* non-political
* opposition
* rallies
* convention
* debates
* GOP reactions to election fraud claims
* Trump–Raffensperger phone call
* 2024
* primaries
* opposition

* * *

Impeachments

* Efforts
* resolutions
* First impeachment
* Trump–Ukraine scandal
* House inquiry
* Senate trial
* Second impeachment
* Capitol attack
* Senate trial
* Proposed expungements

* * *

Prosecutions

* 2020 election federal indictment
* Classified documents federal indictment
* special counsel investigation
* FBI investigation
* FBI search of Mar-a-Lago
* Trump v. USA
* New York indictment
* Stormy Daniels scandal
* Karen McDougal affair
* New York criminal investigation
* Georgia election indictment
* Georgia election investigation
* mug shot

* * *

Interactions involving Russia

* Business projects in Russia
* Election interference
* timeline
* before July 2016
* July 2016 – election day
* topics
* Associates' links with Russian officials and spies
* Steele dossier
* Trump Tower meeting
* Trump Tower Moscow
* Classified information disclosures
* Metadata seizures
* Mueller special counsel investigation
* Crossfire Hurricane
* charges
* Durham special counsel investigation
* legal teams
* Mueller report
* Barr letter
* Senate report

* * *

COVID-19 pandemic

* Taskforce
* Communication
* Government response
* stimulus bills
* CARES Act
* Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021
* Operation Warp Speed
* White House outbreak
* Interference with science agencies

* * *

* v
* t
* e

Donald Trump is the third U.S. president to be impeached by the House of Representatives, after Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998.[1][9] Before Trump, Johnson was the only president to be impeached in his first term.[b] The House Judiciary Committee also voted to adopt three articles of impeachment against Richard Nixon, but he resigned prior to the full House vote.[10][c] The Senate voted to acquit both Johnson and Clinton in their trials.[11][d]

"Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors" by Congressman Brad Sherman

Congress's first efforts to impeach Trump were initiated by Democratic representatives Al Green and Brad Sherman in 2017.[14] In December 2017, an impeachment resolution failed in the House with a 58–364 vote margin. Following the 2018 elections, the Democrats gained a majority in the House and launched multiple investigations into Trump's actions and finances.[15] Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi initially resisted calls for impeachment. In May 2019, however, she indicated that Trump's continued actions, which she characterized as obstruction of justice and refusal to honor Congressional subpoenas, might make an impeachment inquiry necessary.[16][17]

Investigations into various scandals in the Trump administration, which could lead to articles of impeachment, were initiated by various house congressional committees led by Pelosi and began in February 2019. A formal impeachment investigation began in July 2019,[18] and several subpoenas were issued; while most were honored, several were not. The Trump administration asserted executive privilege, which led to several lawsuits, including In re: Don McGahn.[19]

### Trump–Ukraine scandal[edit]

Main article: Trump–Ukraine scandal

See also: Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal

Whistleblower complaint dated August 12, 2019, regarding a July 25 phone conversation between Trump and Zelensky

Memorandum of the call between Trump and Zelenskyy released by the White House on September 25, 2019

Volodymyr Zelenskyy with Donald Trump in New York City on September 25, 2019

The Trump–Ukraine scandal revolves around efforts by U.S. President Donald Trump to coerce Ukraine and other foreign countries into providing damaging narratives about 2020 Democratic Party presidential primary candidate Joe Biden, as well as information relating to the origins of previous political attacks against him, such as the claims investigated by Robert Mueller. Trump enlisted surrogates within and outside his official administration, including his lawyer Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr, to pressure Ukraine and other foreign governments to cooperate in investigating conspiracy theories concerning American politics.[20][21][22][23][24] Trump blocked but later released payment of a congressionally mandated $400 million military aid package to allegedly obtain quid pro quo cooperation from Volodymyr Zelenskyy, the president of Ukraine. A number of contacts were established between the White House and the government of Ukraine, culminating in a phone call between Trump and Zelenskyy on July 25, 2019.[20][21][22][25] Less than two hours later, on behalf of the president, senior executive budget official Michael Duffey discreetly instructed the Pentagon to continue withholding military aid to Ukraine.[26][27][28][e]

The scandal reached public attention in mid-September 2019 after a whistleblower complaint made in August 2019.[29] The complaint raised concerns about Trump using presidential powers to solicit foreign electoral intervention in the 2020 U.S. presidential election.[30] The Trump White House has corroborated several allegations raised by the whistleblower. A non-verbatim transcript of the Trump–Zelenskyy call confirmed that Trump requested investigations into Joe Biden and his son Hunter, as well as a discredited conspiracy theory involving a Democratic National Committee server,[31][32] while repeatedly urging Zelenskyy to work with Giuliani and Barr on these matters.[33][34] The White House also confirmed that the record of the call had been transferred to a highly classified system.[35][36] White House acting chief of staff Mick Mulvaney said one reason why Trump withheld military aid to Ukraine was Ukrainian "corruption related to the DNC server", referring to a debunked theory that Ukrainians framed Russia for hacking into the DNC computer system.[37] After the impeachment inquiry began, Trump publicly urged Ukraine and China to investigate the Bidens.[38] Bill Taylor, the Trump administration's top diplomat to Ukraine, testified that he was told that U.S. military aid to Ukraine and a Trump–Zelenskyy White House meeting were conditioned on Zelenskyy publicly announcing investigations into the Bidens and alleged Ukrainian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections.[39] United States Ambassador to the European Union Gordon Sondland testified that he worked with Giuliani at Trump's "express direction" to arrange a quid pro quo with the Ukraine government.[40]

### Inquiry[edit]

Main article: Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump

On the evening of September 24, 2019, Pelosi announced that six committees of the House of Representatives would begin a formal impeachment inquiry into President Trump. Pelosi accused the President of betraying his oath of office, national security, and the integrity of the country's elections.[41][42][43] The six committees charged with the task were those on Financial Services, the Judiciary, Intelligence, Foreign Affairs, Oversight and Reform, and Ways and Means.[44]

In October 2019, three congressional committees (Intelligence, Oversight, and Foreign Affairs) deposed witnesses, including Ambassador Taylor,[45] Laura Cooper (the deputy assistant secretary of defense for Russian, Ukrainian and Eurasian affairs),[46] and former White House official Fiona Hill.[47] Witnesses testified that they believed that President Trump wanted Zelenskyy to publicly announce investigations into the Bidens and Burisma (a Ukrainian natural gas company on whose board Hunter Biden had served)[3][48] and 2016 election interference.[39] On October 8, in a letter from White House counsel Pat Cipollone to House speaker Pelosi, the White House officially responded that it would not cooperate with the investigation due to concerns including that there had not yet been a vote of the full House and that interviews of witnesses were being conducted behind closed doors.[49][50] On October 17, Mulvaney said in response to a reporter's allegation of quid pro quo, "We do that all the time with foreign policy. Get over it." He walked back his comments later that day, asserting there had been "absolutely no quid pro quo" and that Trump had withheld military aid to Ukraine over concerns of the country's corruption.[37][51]

On October 29, 2019, Massachusetts representative Jim McGovern introduced a resolution referred to House Rules Committee, which set forth the "format of open hearings in the House Intelligence Committee, including staff-led questioning of witnesses, and [authorization for] the public release of deposition transcripts".[52][53] This resolution, formally authorizing the impeachment inquiry, was approved by the House by a vote of 232 to 196 on October 31, 2019.[54] In November 2019, the House Intelligence Committee held a number of public hearings in which witnesses testified publicly. On November 13, Taylor and Kent testified publicly.[55] Ambassador Marie Yovanovitch testified before the committee on November 15, 2019.[56] Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Vindman, the National Security Council's head of European affairs, and Jennifer Williams, Vice President Mike Pence's chief European security adviser, testified together on the morning of November 19, 2019.[57] Later that day, Kurt Volker, the former U.S. special representative for Ukraine, and Tim Morrison, the former national security presidential adviser on Europe and Russia, gave public testimony before the House Intelligence Committee.[58] Also subpoenaed were Foreign Service Officers Catherine Croft, Jennifer Williams, Christopher Anderson, and Suriya Jayanti.[59]

Open hearing testimony of Fiona Hill and David Holmes on November 21, 2019

On November 20, 2019, Ambassador Sondland testified that he conducted his work with Giuliani at the "express direction of the president",[60] and that he understood a potential White House invitation for Zelenskyy to be contingent on Ukraine announcing investigations into the 2016 elections and Burisma.[61][62] Later that day, Cooper and David Hale, the under secretary of state for political affairs, testified jointly before the committee.[63] On November 21, 2019, Fiona Hill - who, until August 2019, was the top Russia expert on the National Security Council - criticized Republicans for promulgating the "fictional narrative" that Ukraine rather than Russia interfered in the 2016 election, asserting that the theory was planted by Russia and played into its hands.[64][65] Testifying alongside Hill was David Holmes, the current head of political affairs in the U.S. Embassy in Ukraine.[66][67][68]

On December 3, the House Intelligence Committee voted 13–9 along party lines to adopt a final report and also send it to the House Judiciary Committee.[69][70][71] The report's preface states:

> [T]he impeachment inquiry has found that President Trump, personally and acting through agents within and outside of the U.S. government, solicited the interference of a foreign government, Ukraine, to benefit his reelection. In furtherance of this scheme, President Trump conditioned official acts on a public announcement by the new Ukrainian President, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, of politically-motivated investigations, including one into President Trump's domestic political opponent. In pressuring President Zelenskyy to carry out his demand, President Trump withheld a White House meeting desperately sought by the Ukrainian President, and critical U.S. military assistance to fight Russian aggression in eastern Ukraine.[71]: 8–9

The Republicans of the House committees had released a countering report the previous day, saying in part that the evidence does not support accusations. "The evidence presented does not prove any of these Democrat allegations, and none of the Democrats' witnesses testified to having evidence of bribery, extortion, or any high crime or misdemeanor," said the draft report.[72][73] This report also painted the push to impeachment as solely politically motivated. "The Democrats are trying to impeach a duly elected President based on the accusations and assumptions of unelected bureaucrats who disagreed with President Trump's policy initiatives and processes," the report's executive summary states.[74] During the inquiry, the Trump administration's public arguments were limited to assertions that the president had done nothing wrong and the process was unfair.[75]

## Impeachment[edit]

### Judiciary Committee hearings[edit]

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Report of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives: Impeachment of Donald J. Trump, President of the United States

Impeachment of Donald J. Trump, President of the United States—Report of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives

On December 5, Speaker Pelosi authorized the Judiciary Committee to begin drafting articles of impeachment.[76]

A set of impeachment hearings was brought before the Judiciary Committee, with Trump and his lawyers being invited to attend.[77][78] The administration declined as the president was scheduled to attend a NATO summit in London.[79] In a second letter on December 6, Cipollone again said that the White House would not offer a defense or otherwise participate in the impeachment inquiry, writing to chairman Jerry Nadler, "As you know, your impeachment inquiry is completely baseless and has violated basic principles of due process and fundamental fairness."[80] Nadler responded in a statement, "We gave President Trump a fair opportunity to question witnesses and present his own to address the overwhelming evidence before us. After listening to him complain about the impeachment process, we had hoped that he might accept our invitation."[81]

The first hearing, held on December 4, 2019, was an academic discussion on the definition of an impeachable offense. The witnesses invited by Democrats were law professors Noah Feldman from Harvard, Pamela S. Karlan from Stanford, and Michael Gerhardt from the University of North Carolina. Republicans invited Jonathan Turley, a constitutional scholar at George Washington University;[82][83] Turley, who had testified in favor of the impeachment of President Bill Clinton in 1999,[84][85] testified against impeaching Trump, citing a lack of evidence.[86] It was observed that he contradicted his own opinion on impeachment from when Clinton was on trial.[87][88][89]

Potential articles of impeachment outlined during the hearing include abuse of power for arranging a quid pro quo with the president of Ukraine, obstruction of Congress for hindering the House's investigation, and obstruction of justice for attempting to dismiss Robert Mueller during his investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 election.[90] On December 5, Pelosi requested that the House Judiciary Committee draft articles of impeachment.[91][92] After the vote, Pelosi said that, while this was "a great day for the Constitution", it was "a sad day for America". She also said, "I could not be prouder or more inspired by the moral courage of the House Democrats. We never asked one of them how they were going to vote. We never whipped this vote."[93]

### Articles of impeachment[edit]

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Articles of Impeachment against Donald Trump

Articles of impeachment read into the Congressional Record by Reading Clerk Joe Novotny House Resolution 755—Articles of Impeachment Against President Donald J. Trump

On December 10, 2019, Democrats on the House Judiciary Committee announced they would levy two articles of impeachment, designated H. Res. 755: (1) abuse of power, and (2) obstruction of Congress,[94][95] in its investigation of the President's conduct regarding Ukraine.[96] Draft text of the articles was released later that day,[97] as well as a report by the judiciary committee outlining the constitutional case for impeachment and asserting that "impeachment is part of democratic governance".[98]: 51 The committee planned to vote on the articles on December 12,[99][100] but postponed it to the next day after the 14-hour partisan debate on the final versions of the articles lasted until after 11:00 p.m. EST.[101] On December 13,[101] the Judiciary Committee voted along party lines to pass both articles of impeachment; both articles passed 23–17, with all Democrats present voting in support and all Republicans voting in opposition. Democrat Ted Lieu was ill and not present to vote.[102]

On December 16, the House Judiciary Committee released a 658-page report on the articles of impeachment, specifying criminal bribery and wire fraud charges as part of the abuse of power article.[103] The articles were forwarded to the full House for debate and a vote on whether to impeach the president on December 18.[104]

House Judiciary Committee vote on whether to report House Resolution 755 favorably to the House of Representatives  Party  | Article I (Abuse of power)  | Article II (Obstruction of Congress)

|
|

Aye/Yes  | Nay  | Present  | Not voting  | Aye/Yes  | Nay  | Present  | Not voting
| Democratic (24)  | 23 | –  | –  |

* Ted Lieu

| 23 | –  | –  |

* Ted Lieu

| Republican (17)  | –  | 17 | –  | –  | –  | 17 | –  | –
Total (41)  | 23  | 17  | 0  | 1  | 23  | 17  | 0  | 1
Result  | Agreed to[f] | Agreed to[f]

### House vote[edit]

Article I, Section 2, Clause 5 of the U.S. Constitution states that "The House of Representatives ... shall have the sole Power of Impeachment."[105]

Steny Hoyer's full statement ahead of house vote

On December 17, the House Rules Committee held a hearing to write the rules governing the debate over impeachment.[106] The first of three votes was on the rules governing debate: 228 to 197, with all Republicans and two Democrats voting no.[107] This was followed by six hours of debate. One of the highlights of this contentious event was Georgia representative Barry Loudermilk comparing the impeachment inquiry of President Trump to the trial of Jesus Christ, saying that the Christian savior was treated far better by the authorities.[108] Maryland representative Steny Hoyer contributed closing arguments: "All of us feel a sense of loyalty to party ... It's what makes our two-party system function. It's what helps hold presidents and majorities accountable. But party loyalty must have its limits."[109]

House votes on Article I and II of House Resolution 755

The formal impeachment vote in the House of Representatives took place on December 18, 2019.[110] Shortly after 8:30 p.m. EST, both articles of impeachment passed.[111] The votes for the charge of abuse of power were 230 in favor, 197 against, and 1 present: House Democrats all voted in support, except Collin Peterson and Jeff Van Drew, who voted against,[112] and Tulsi Gabbard, who voted "present"; all House Republicans voted against, although Justin Amash, an independent who was previously Republican, voted in support of both articles.[113] The votes for the charge of obstruction of Congress were 229 in favor, 198 against, and 1 present: all Democrats voted in support, except Peterson, Van Drew, and Jared Golden, who voted against;[112] and Gabbard, who again voted "present";[114] all Republicans voted against.

Days before the impeachment vote, it was leaked that Jeff Van Drew was planning to switch parties from Democratic to Republican.[115] A day after the vote, he officially announced that he was switching parties.[116]

Three representatives pending retirement did not vote: Republican Duncan D. Hunter, who was banned from voting under the House's rules after pleading guilty to illegally using campaign funds; Democrat José E. Serrano, who had a health setback after being diagnosed with Parkinson's disease earlier in the year; and Republican John Shimkus, who was visiting his son in Tanzania.[117]

Voting results on House Resolution 755
(Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors)  Party  | Article I (Abuse of power)[118] | Article II (Obstruction of Congress)[119]

|
|

Yea  | Nay  | Present  | Not voting  | Yea  | Nay  | Present  | Not voting
| Democratic (233)  | 229 |

* Collin Peterson
* Jeff Van Drew

* Tulsi Gabbard

* José E. Serrano

| 228 |

* Collin Peterson
* Jeff Van Drew
* Jared Golden

* Tulsi Gabbard

* José E. Serrano

| Republican (197)  | –  | 195 | –  |

* John Shimkus
* Duncan D. Hunter

| –  | 195 | –  |

* John Shimkus
* Duncan D. Hunter

| Independent (1)  |

* Justin Amash

| –  | –  | –  |

* Justin Amash

| –  | –  | –
Total (435)[g] | 230  | 197  | 1  | 3  | 229  | 198  | 1  | 3
Result  | Adopted[h] | Adopted[h]
Full list of votes on House Resolution 755[118][119] District  | Member  | Party  | Article I  | Article II

|
|
|
|

Alabama 1 | Bradley Byrne |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Alabama 2 | Martha Roby |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Alabama 3 | Mike Rogers |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Alabama 4 | Robert Aderholt |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Alabama 5 | Mo Brooks |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Alabama 6 | Gary Palmer |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Alabama 7 | Terri Sewell |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Alaska at-large | Don Young |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Arizona 1 | Tom O'Halleran |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Arizona 2 | Ann Kirkpatrick |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Arizona 3 | Raúl Grijalva |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Arizona 4 | Paul Gosar |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Arizona 5 | Andy Biggs |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Arizona 6 | David Schweikert |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Arizona 7 | Ruben Gallego |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Arizona 8 | Debbie Lesko |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Arizona 9 | Greg Stanton |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Arkansas 1 | Rick Crawford |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Arkansas 2 | French Hill |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Arkansas 3 | Steve Womack |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Arkansas 4 | Bruce Westerman |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
California 1 | Doug LaMalfa |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
California 2 | Jared Huffman |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 3 | John Garamendi |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 4 | Tom McClintock |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
California 5 | Mike Thompson |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 6 | Doris Matsui |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 7 | Ami Bera |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 8 | Paul Cook |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
California 9 | Jerry McNerney |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 10 | Josh Harder |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 11 | Mark DeSaulnier |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 12 | Nancy Pelosi |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 13 | Barbara Lee |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 14 | Jackie Speier |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 15 | Eric Swalwell |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 16 | Jim Costa |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 17 | Ro Khanna |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 18 | Anna Eshoo |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 19 | Zoe Lofgren |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 20 | Jimmy Panetta |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 21 | TJ Cox |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 22 | Devin Nunes |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
California 23 | Kevin McCarthy |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
California 24 | Salud Carbajal |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 26 | Julia Brownley |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 27 | Judy Chu |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 28 | Adam Schiff |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 29 | Tony Cárdenas |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 30 | Brad Sherman |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 31 | Pete Aguilar |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 32 | Grace Napolitano |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 33 | Ted Lieu |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 34 | Jimmy Gomez |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 35 | Norma Torres |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 36 | Raul Ruiz |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 37 | Karen Bass |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 38 | Linda Sánchez |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 39 | Gil Cisneros |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 40 | Lucille Roybal-Allard |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 41 | Mark Takano |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 42 | Ken Calvert |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
California 43 | Maxine Waters |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 44 | Nanette Barragán |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 45 | Katie Porter |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 46 | Lou Correa |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 47 | Alan Lowenthal |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 48 | Harley Rouda |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 49 | Mike Levin |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 50 | Duncan D. Hunter |  | Republican  | Not voting  | Not voting
California 51 | Juan Vargas |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 52 | Scott Peters |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
California 53 | Susan Davis |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Colorado 1 | Diana DeGette |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Colorado 2 | Joe Neguse |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Colorado 3 | Scott Tipton |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Colorado 4 | Ken Buck |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Colorado 5 | Doug Lamborn |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Colorado 6 | Jason Crow |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Colorado 7 | Ed Perlmutter |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Connecticut 1 | John B. Larson |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Connecticut 2 | Joe Courtney |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Connecticut 3 | Rosa DeLauro |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Connecticut 4 | Jim Himes |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Connecticut 5 | Jahana Hayes |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Delaware at-large | Lisa Blunt Rochester |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Florida 1 | Matt Gaetz |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Florida 2 | Neal Dunn |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Florida 3 | Ted Yoho |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Florida 4 | John Rutherford |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Florida 5 | Al Lawson |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Florida 6 | Michael Waltz |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Florida 7 | Stephanie Murphy |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Florida 8 | Bill Posey |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Florida 9 | Darren Soto |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Florida 10 | Val Demings |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Florida 11 | Daniel Webster |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Florida 12 | Gus Bilirakis |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Florida 13 | Charlie Crist |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Florida 14 | Kathy Castor |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Florida 15 | Ross Spano |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Florida 16 | Vern Buchanan |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Florida 17 | Greg Steube |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Florida 18 | Brian Mast |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Florida 19 | Francis Rooney |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Florida 20 | Alcee Hastings |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Florida 21 | Lois Frankel |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Florida 22 | Ted Deutch |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Florida 23 | Debbie Wasserman Schultz |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Florida 24 | Frederica Wilson |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Florida 25 | Mario Díaz-Balart |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Florida 26 | Debbie Mucarsel-Powell |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Florida 27 | Donna Shalala |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Georgia 1 | Buddy Carter |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Georgia 2 | Sanford Bishop |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Georgia 3 | Drew Ferguson |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Georgia 4 | Hank Johnson |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Georgia 5 | John Lewis |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Georgia 6 | Lucy McBath |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Georgia 7 | Rob Woodall |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Georgia 8 | Austin Scott |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Georgia 9 | Doug Collins |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Georgia 10 | Jody Hice |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Georgia 11 | Barry Loudermilk |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Georgia 12 | Rick W. Allen |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Georgia 13 | David Scott |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Georgia 14 | Tom Graves |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Hawaii 1 | Ed Case |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Hawaii 2 | Tulsi Gabbard |  | Democratic  | Present  | Present
Idaho 1 | Russ Fulcher |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Idaho 2 | Mike Simpson |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Illinois 1 | Bobby Rush |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Illinois 2 | Robin Kelly |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Illinois 3 | Dan Lipinski |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Illinois 4 | Jesús "Chuy" García |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Illinois 5 | Mike Quigley |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Illinois 6 | Sean Casten |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Illinois 7 | Danny K. Davis |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Illinois 8 | Raja Krishnamoorthi |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Illinois 9 | Jan Schakowsky |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Illinois 10 | Brad Schneider |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Illinois 11 | Bill Foster |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Illinois 12 | Mike Bost |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Illinois 13 | Rodney Davis |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Illinois 14 | Lauren Underwood |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Illinois 15 | John Shimkus |  | Republican  | Not voting  | Not voting
Illinois 16 | Adam Kinzinger |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Illinois 17 | Cheri Bustos |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Illinois 18 | Darin LaHood |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Indiana 1 | Pete Visclosky |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Indiana 2 | Jackie Walorski |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Indiana 3 | Jim Banks |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Indiana 4 | Jim Baird |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Indiana 5 | Susan Brooks |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Indiana 6 | Greg Pence |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Indiana 7 | André Carson |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Indiana 8 | Larry Bucshon |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Indiana 9 | Trey Hollingsworth |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Iowa 1 | Abby Finkenauer |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Iowa 2 | Dave Loebsack |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Iowa 3 | Cindy Axne |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Iowa 4 | Steve King |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Kansas 1 | Roger Marshall |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Kansas 2 | Steve Watkins |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Kansas 3 | Sharice Davids |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Kansas 4 | Ron Estes |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Kentucky 1 | James Comer |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Kentucky 2 | Brett Guthrie |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Kentucky 3 | John Yarmuth |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Kentucky 4 | Thomas Massie |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Kentucky 5 | Hal Rogers |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Kentucky 6 | Andy Barr |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Louisiana 1 | Steve Scalise |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Louisiana 2 | Cedric Richmond |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Louisiana 3 | Clay Higgins |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Louisiana 4 | Mike Johnson |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Louisiana 5 | Ralph Abraham |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Louisiana 6 | Garret Graves |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Maine 1 | Chellie Pingree |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Maine 2 | Jared Golden |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Nay
Maryland 1 | Andy Harris |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Maryland 2 | Dutch Ruppersberger |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Maryland 3 | John Sarbanes |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Maryland 4 | Anthony Brown |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Maryland 5 | Steny Hoyer |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Maryland 6 | David Trone |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Maryland 8 | Jamie Raskin |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Massachusetts 1 | Richard Neal |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Massachusetts 2 | Jim McGovern |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Massachusetts 3 | Lori Trahan |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Massachusetts 4 | Joe Kennedy III |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Massachusetts 5 | Katherine Clark |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Massachusetts 6 | Seth Moulton |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Massachusetts 7 | Ayanna Pressley |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Massachusetts 8 | Stephen F. Lynch |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Massachusetts 9 | Bill Keating |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Michigan 1 | Jack Bergman |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Michigan 2 | Bill Huizenga |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Michigan 3 | Justin Amash |  | Independent  | Yea  | Yea
Michigan 4 | John Moolenaar |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Michigan 5 | Dan Kildee |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Michigan 6 | Fred Upton |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Michigan 7 | Tim Walberg |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Michigan 8 | Elissa Slotkin |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Michigan 9 | Andy Levin |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Michigan 10 | Paul Mitchell |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Michigan 11 | Haley Stevens |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Michigan 12 | Debbie Dingell |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Michigan 13 | Rashida Tlaib |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Michigan 14 | Brenda Lawrence |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Minnesota 1 | Jim Hagedorn |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Minnesota 2 | Angie Craig |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Minnesota 3 | Dean Phillips |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Minnesota 4 | Betty McCollum |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Minnesota 5 | Ilhan Omar |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Minnesota 6 | Tom Emmer |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Minnesota 7 | Collin Peterson |  | Democratic  | Nay  | Nay
Minnesota 8 | Pete Stauber |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Mississippi 1 | Trent Kelly |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Mississippi 2 | Bennie Thompson |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Mississippi 3 | Michael Guest |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Mississippi 4 | Steven Palazzo |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Missouri 1 | Lacy Clay |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Missouri 2 | Ann Wagner |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Missouri 3 | Blaine Luetkemeyer |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Missouri 4 | Vicky Hartzler |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Missouri 5 | Emanuel Cleaver |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Missouri 6 | Sam Graves |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Missouri 7 | Billy Long |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Missouri 8 | Jason Smith |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Montana at-large | Greg Gianforte |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Nebraska 1 | Jeff Fortenberry |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Nebraska 2 | Don Bacon |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Nebraska 3 | Adrian Smith |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Nevada 1 | Dina Titus |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Nevada 2 | Mark Amodei |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Nevada 3 | Susie Lee |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Nevada 4 | Steven Horsford |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New Hampshire 1 | Chris Pappas |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New Hampshire 2 | Ann McLane Kuster |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New Jersey 1 | Donald Norcross |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New Jersey 2 | Jeff Van Drew |  | Democratic  | Nay  | Nay
New Jersey 3 | Andy Kim |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New Jersey 4 | Chris Smith |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
New Jersey 5 | Josh Gottheimer |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New Jersey 6 | Frank Pallone |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New Jersey 7 | Tom Malinowski |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New Jersey 8 | Albio Sires |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New Jersey 9 | Bill Pascrell |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New Jersey 10 | Donald Payne Jr. |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New Jersey 11 | Mikie Sherrill |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New Jersey 12 | Bonnie Watson Coleman |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New Mexico 1 | Deb Haaland |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New Mexico 2 | Xochitl Torres Small |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New Mexico 3 | Ben Ray Luján |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 1 | Lee Zeldin |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
New York 2 | Peter T. King |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
New York 3 | Thomas Suozzi |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 4 | Kathleen Rice |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 5 | Gregory Meeks |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 6 | Grace Meng |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 7 | Nydia Velázquez |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 8 | Hakeem Jeffries |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 9 | Yvette Clarke |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 10 | Jerry Nadler |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 11 | Max Rose |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 12 | Carolyn Maloney |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 13 | Adriano Espaillat |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 14 | Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 15 | José E. Serrano |  | Democratic  | Not voting  | Not voting
New York 16 | Eliot Engel |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 17 | Nita Lowey |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 18 | Sean Patrick Maloney |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 19 | Antonio Delgado |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 20 | Paul Tonko |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 21 | Elise Stefanik |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
New York 22 | Anthony Brindisi |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 23 | Tom Reed |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
New York 24 | John Katko |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
New York 25 | Joseph Morelle |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
New York 26 | Brian Higgins |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
North Carolina 1 | G. K. Butterfield |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
North Carolina 2 | George Holding |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
North Carolina 3 | Greg Murphy |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
North Carolina 4 | David Price |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
North Carolina 5 | Virginia Foxx |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
North Carolina 6 | Mark Walker |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
North Carolina 7 | David Rouzer |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
North Carolina 8 | Richard Hudson |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
North Carolina 9 | Dan Bishop |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
North Carolina 10 | Patrick McHenry |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
North Carolina 11 | Mark Meadows |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
North Carolina 12 | Alma Adams |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
North Carolina 13 | Ted Budd |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
North Dakota at-large | Kelly Armstrong |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Ohio 1 | Steve Chabot |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Ohio 2 | Brad Wenstrup |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Ohio 3 | Joyce Beatty |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Ohio 4 | Jim Jordan |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Ohio 5 | Bob Latta |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Ohio 6 | Bill Johnson |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Ohio 7 | Bob Gibbs |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Ohio 8 | Warren Davidson |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Ohio 9 | Marcy Kaptur |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Ohio 10 | Mike Turner |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Ohio 11 | Marcia Fudge |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Ohio 12 | Troy Balderson |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Ohio 13 | Tim Ryan |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Ohio 14 | David Joyce |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Ohio 15 | Steve Stivers |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Ohio 16 | Anthony Gonzalez |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Oklahoma 1 | Kevin Hern |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Oklahoma 2 | Markwayne Mullin |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Oklahoma 3 | Frank Lucas |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Oklahoma 4 | Tom Cole |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Oklahoma 5 | Kendra Horn |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Oregon 1 | Suzanne Bonamici |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Oregon 2 | Greg Walden |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Oregon 3 | Earl Blumenauer |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Oregon 4 | Peter DeFazio |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Oregon 5 | Kurt Schrader |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Pennsylvania 1 | Brian Fitzpatrick |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Pennsylvania 2 | Brendan Boyle |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Pennsylvania 3 | Dwight Evans |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Pennsylvania 4 | Madeleine Dean |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Pennsylvania 5 | Mary Gay Scanlon |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Pennsylvania 6 | Chrissy Houlahan |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Pennsylvania 7 | Susan Wild |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Pennsylvania 8 | Matt Cartwright |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Pennsylvania 9 | Dan Meuser |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Pennsylvania 10 | Scott Perry |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Pennsylvania 11 | Lloyd Smucker |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Pennsylvania 12 | Fred Keller |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Pennsylvania 13 | John Joyce |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Pennsylvania 14 | Guy Reschenthaler |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Pennsylvania 15 | Glenn Thompson |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Pennsylvania 16 | Mike Kelly |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Pennsylvania 17 | Conor Lamb |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Pennsylvania 18 | Mike Doyle |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Rhode Island 1 | David Cicilline |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Rhode Island 2 | James Langevin |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
South Carolina 1 | Joe Cunningham |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
South Carolina 2 | Joe Wilson |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
South Carolina 3 | Jeff Duncan |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
South Carolina 4 | William Timmons |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
South Carolina 5 | Ralph Norman |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
South Carolina 6 | Jim Clyburn |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
South Carolina 7 | Tom Rice |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
South Dakota at-large | Dusty Johnson |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Tennessee 1 | Phil Roe |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Tennessee 2 | Tim Burchett |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Tennessee 3 | Chuck Fleischmann |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Tennessee 4 | Scott DesJarlais |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Tennessee 5 | Jim Cooper |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Tennessee 6 | John Rose |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Tennessee 7 | Mark E. Green |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Tennessee 8 | David Kustoff |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Tennessee 9 | Steve Cohen |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Texas 1 | Louie Gohmert |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 2 | Dan Crenshaw |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 3 | Van Taylor |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 4 | John Ratcliffe |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 5 | Lance Gooden |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 6 | Ron Wright |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 7 | Lizzie Pannill Fletcher |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Texas 8 | Kevin Brady |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 9 | Al Green |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Texas 10 | Michael McCaul |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 11 | Mike Conaway |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 12 | Kay Granger |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 13 | Mac Thornberry |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 14 | Randy Weber |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 15 | Vicente Gonzalez |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Texas 16 | Veronica Escobar |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Texas 17 | Bill Flores |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 18 | Sheila Jackson Lee |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Texas 19 | Jodey Arrington |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 20 | Joaquin Castro |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Texas 21 | Chip Roy |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 22 | Pete Olson |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 23 | Will Hurd |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 24 | Kenny Marchant |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 25 | Roger Williams |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 26 | Michael C. Burgess |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 27 | Michael Cloud |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 28 | Henry Cuellar |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Texas 29 | Sylvia Garcia |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Texas 30 | Eddie Bernice Johnson |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Texas 31 | John Carter |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Texas 32 | Colin Allred |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Texas 33 | Marc Veasey |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Texas 34 | Filemon Vela Jr. |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Texas 35 | Lloyd Doggett |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Texas 36 | Brian Babin |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Utah 1 | Rob Bishop |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Utah 2 | Chris Stewart |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Utah 3 | John Curtis |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Utah 4 | Ben McAdams |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Vermont at-large | Peter Welch |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Virginia 1 | Rob Wittman |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Virginia 2 | Elaine Luria |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Virginia 3 | Bobby Scott |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Virginia 4 | Donald McEachin |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Virginia 5 | Denver Riggleman |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Virginia 6 | Ben Cline |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Virginia 7 | Abigail Spanberger |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Virginia 8 | Don Beyer |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Virginia 9 | Morgan Griffith |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Virginia 10 | Jennifer Wexton |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Virginia 11 | Gerry Connolly |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Washington 1 | Suzan DelBene |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Washington 2 | Rick Larsen |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Washington 3 | Jaime Herrera Beutler |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Washington 4 | Dan Newhouse |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Washington 5 | Cathy McMorris Rodgers |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Washington 6 | Derek Kilmer |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Washington 7 | Pramila Jayapal |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Washington 8 | Kim Schrier |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Washington 9 | Adam Smith |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Washington 10 | Denny Heck |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
West Virginia 1 | David McKinley |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
West Virginia 2 | Alex Mooney |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
West Virginia 3 | Carol Miller |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Wisconsin 1 | Bryan Steil |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Wisconsin 2 | Mark Pocan |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Wisconsin 3 | Ron Kind |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Wisconsin 4 | Gwen Moore |  | Democratic  | Yea  | Yea
Wisconsin 5 | Jim Sensenbrenner |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Wisconsin 6 | Glenn Grothman |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Wisconsin 8 | Mike Gallagher |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay
Wyoming at-large | Liz Cheney |  | Republican  | Nay  | Nay

### Immediate response[edit]

A day after Trump's impeachment, the evangelical magazine Christianity Today published an editorial calling for his removal from office, stating that the president "attempted to use his political power to coerce a foreign leader to harass and discredit one of the president's political opponents. That is not only a violation of the Constitution; more importantly, it is profoundly immoral."[121][122] On December 21, conservative Bill Kristol and a group calling itself "Republicans for the Rule of Law" released an ad encouraging viewers to call their senators to demand top Trump officials be forced to testify in his impeachment trial.[123]

Trump has questioned the validity of the impeachment, citing Harvard law professor Noah Feldman, who argued that the impeachment has technically not taken place until the articles are handed to the Senate.[124] Jonathan Turley later refuted this argument in an op-ed.[125] Trump tweeted or retweeted over 20 messages criticizing Pelosi's handling of the impeachment during the first week of his holiday vacation to Mar-a-Lago.[126] On Christmas Day, he tweeted:

> Why should Crazy Nancy Pelosi, just because she has a slight majority in the House, be allowed to Impeach the President of the United States? Got ZERO Republican votes, there was no crime, the call with Ukraine was perfect, with "no pressure." She said it must be "bipartisan & overwhelming," but this Scam Impeachment was neither. Also, very unfair with no Due Process, proper representation, or witnesses. Now Pelosi is demanding everything the Republicans weren't allowed to have in the House. Dems want to run majority Republican Senate. Hypocrites![127]

Attorney George T. Conway III and others have noted that if the relevant witnesses are not allowed to testify, Trump's defenders will be negatively affected by "the very evidence they sought to suppress".[128]

### Impasse and final vote[edit]

Prior to the House impeachment vote, McConnell and Senate Judiciary Committee chairman Lindsey Graham expressed their intentions not to be impartial jurors, contrary to the oath they must take.[129][130] McConnell said, "I'm not an impartial juror. This is a political process. There is not anything judicial about it. Impeachment is a political decision."[131] Graham said, "I am trying to give a pretty clear signal I have made up my mind. I'm not trying to pretend to be a fair juror here ... I will do everything I can to make [the impeachment trial] die quickly."[132]

On December 15, with the support of all 47 Senate Democrats, Senate Minority Leader Charles Schumer wrote a letter to McConnell calling for Mick Mulvaney, Robert Blair,[i] John Bolton,[j] and Michael Duffey to testify, suggesting that pre-trial proceedings take place on January 6, 2020.[137][138] Two days later, McConnell rejected the call for witnesses to testify, saying that the Senate's role is simply to act as "judge and jury" and not to aid the impeachment process.[139][140] He also suggested that witnesses be called during the trial, as had happened after Clinton's impeachment.[141][k][l] Schumer said that he "did not hear a single sentence, a single argument as to why the witnesses I suggested should not give testimony",[143] citing bipartisan public support for testimony which could fill in gaps caused by Trump having prevented his staff from testifying in the House investigation.[141][144] On January 2, 2020, Schumer called newly unredacted emails from Trump administration officials "a devastating blow to Senator McConnell's push to have a trial without the documents and witnesses we've requested".[145][26][m] At least four Republican senators needed to vote with Democrats for witnesses to be called.[145][l] Republicans have suggested calling Joe and Hunter Biden to testify;[147] the former stated his objection to this, but said he would obey a subpoena.[148] Rudy Giuliani has stated his willingness to testify or even try the impeachment "as a racketeering case", despite being Trump's personal attorney and allegedly attempting to help him politically while searching for evidence against the Bidens in Ukraine.[149] On January 10, 2020, Trump told Laura Ingraham of Fox News that he would likely invoke executive privilege to keep Bolton from testifying "for the sake of the office".[136]

On December 18, 2019, the day of the impeachment, Pelosi declined to comment on when the impeachment resolution would be transmitted to the Senate, stating, "So far we haven't seen anything that looks fair to us."[150][151] The following day, McConnell met with Schumer briefly to discuss the trial.[152] After the Senate reconvened from its holiday break, Lindsey Graham proposed that he and McConnell "change the rules of the Senate so we could start the trial without [Pelosi], if necessary".[142][k] On January 7, 2020, McConnell announced he had the caucus backing to pass a blueprint for the trial, which discussed witnesses and evidence after the opening arguments.[153] Pelosi called for the resolution to be published before she could proceed with the next steps,[154][155] but McConnell asserted that the House had no leverage and that there would be no negotiating over the trial.[156] This prompted several Democratic senators to voice their readiness to have the trial begin.[157] On January 9, Pelosi said she would deliver the articles soon, but continued to cite a need for Republican transparency in the Senate;[158] that same day, McConnell informed members of his caucus that he expected the trial to begin the next week,[159] and Senator Josh Hawley announced that McConnell had signed on as a co-sponsor to his resolution to dismiss articles of impeachment not sent to the Senate within 25 days.[160] On January 10, Pelosi announced she had "asked Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerry Nadler to be prepared to bring to the Floor next week a resolution to appoint managers and transmit articles of impeachment to the Senate".[161]

Nancy Pelosi engrossing the articles of impeachment on January 15, 2020

On January 14, 2020, Pelosi announced the House managers who would prosecute the case in the Senate.[162][163] On January 15, the House voted on Resolution 798, which appointed the impeachment managers and approved the articles of impeachment to be sent to the Senate. Later that afternoon, Pelosi held a rare public engrossment ceremony, followed by a stately procession of the managers and other House officers across the Capitol building, where the third impeachment of a U.S. president was announced to the senate.[164] Except for the managers, who would conduct the trial, the House's involvement in the impeachment process came to an end.

Voting results on House Resolution 798
(Appointing and authorizing managers for the impeachment trial of Donald John Trump, President of the United States)  Party  | Yea  | Nay  | Present  | Not voting

|
|
|
|

| Democratic (232)  | 227 |

* Collin Peterson

| –  |

* Lacy Clay
* Ann Kirkpatrick
* Tulsi Gabbard
* John Lewis

| Republican (197)  | –  | 192 | –  |

* Kenny Marchant
* Rick Crawford
* Debbie Lesko
* Tom McClintock
* Mike Simpson

| Independent (1)  |

* Justin Amash

| –  | –  | –
Total (435)[n][165] | 228  | 193  | 0  | 9
Result  | Adopted[h]

## Trial[edit]

Main article: First impeachment trial of Donald Trump

### Preparation[edit]

While the impeachment inquiry was underway, Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell started planning a possible trial. On October 8, 2019, he led a meeting on the subject, advising his caucus to say that they opposed the House process and as little else as possible.[166] In November, he shot down the idea that the articles of impeachment should be dismissed, stating that "the rules of impeachment are very clear, we'll have to have a trial."[167] On December 12, as the articles were being considered by the House Judiciary Committee, McConnell met with White House counsel Pat Cipollone and Director of Legislative Affairs Eric Ueland.[168] McConnell stated later that day, "Everything I do during this I'm coordinating with the White House counsel. There will be no difference between the president's position and [ours][169]... I'm going to take my cues from the president's lawyers." McConnell added that the coordination with the White House would also pertain to whether witnesses would be allowed to testify,[168][169] and told Sean Hannity of Fox News that there was no chance Trump would be convicted, expressing his hope that all Senate Republicans would acquit the president of both charges.[170] Republican senators Lisa Murkowski and Susan Collins criticized McConnell's comments regarding coordinating with the White House.[171] Collins has been critical of Democratic senator Elizabeth Warren for prejudging the trial.[172]

### Officers[edit]

The U.S. Constitution stipulates that the Chief Justice of the United States presides over impeachment proceedings when the President is tried.[173][174][o] The current chief justice was John Roberts, who was appointed by President George W. Bush in 2005. The House managers, acting as prosecutors for the case, were several Democratic representatives, consisting of Adam Schiff as lead manager, Jerry Nadler, Zoe Lofgren, Hakeem Jeffries, Val Demings, Jason Crow, and Sylvia Garcia.[162][163] Trump named a defense team led by White House Counsel Pat Cipollone and his private attorney Jay Sekulow, who previously represented Trump in the Russia investigation. They were joined by celebrity law professor Alan Dershowitz, former Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr, former Deputy Independent Counsel Robert Ray, former Florida Attorney General Pam Bondi, and former Federal Prosecutor Jane Raskin[176]

### Process and schedule[edit]

Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 of the U.S. Constitution states that "[t]he Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments."[105] Per the Senate's impeachment rules adopted in 1986, the submission of the articles to the Senate initiated the trial.[177][152] The articles were formally delivered on January 15, 2020, and were presented the following day.[178]

At the end of the session on January 21, the Senate voted along party lines to pass McConnell's proposed trial rules and reject 11 amendments proposed by Democrats.[179] McConnell stated that he wanted to follow the rules laid down during the Clinton trial in 1999, which had the morning reserved for Senate business and the afternoon hours reserved for the trial,[180] but his resolution increased the hours spent per day on opening arguments from six to eight hours.[181] The resolution also included provisions for a vote on whether to subpoena witnesses or documents after opening arguments.[179][182][183]

The prosecution's opening arguments and presentation of evidence took place between January 22 and 24, 2020.[184][185][186] On the first day, Schumer called the previous evening "a dark night for the Senate", when the White House, in response to a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit, released new evidence including a string of heavily redacted emails revealing details about how the Office of Management and Budget froze aid to Ukraine.[184][185][186][p]

Trump's defense presentation began on January 25. The primary arguments were a lack of direct evidence of wrongdoing and that Democrats were attempting to use the impeachment to steal the 2020 election.[188][q] Professor Alan Dershowitz argued that while a president can be impeached for committing a criminal act, irrespective of motive, the idea of a 'quid pro quo' being a basis for removal from office requires that the 'quo' be something illegal, and that simply having mixed motives for requesting a legal act (an investigation into alleged corruption) would not be sufficient grounds for impeachment. He observed that all politicians act with an eye and motive toward re-election and that such motive neither makes illegal acts lawful nor unlawful act legal.[190] This position was criticized by Democratic political consultant and commentator Paul Begala in an editorial that did not address the legality/illegality aspect of the analysis.[191]

On January 31, after a planned debate session, the Senate voted against allowing subpoenas to call witnesses, including former national security advisor John Bolton (who wrote in his forthcoming book mentioning Ukraine aid freezing)[192] or documents with a 51–49 vote.[193] 51 Republican senators voted against calling witnesses, while 45 Democratic senators, two independents who typically voted Democratic, and two Republicans (Mitt Romney and Susan Collins) voted for witnesses.[194]

### Acquittal[edit]

Under the U.S. Constitution, two-thirds of the Senate is required to convict the president. The possible penalties are the removal from office and disqualification from holding office in the future.[195][196][188] On February 5, 2020, the Senate acquitted Trump on both counts. The votes were 48–52 to convict on the first count and 47–53 to convict on the second count, both short of the two-thirds majority needed to convict, therefore resulting in acquittal. The votes were sharply divided along party lines.[197] Mitt Romney became the first senator in history from an impeached president's party to vote to convict, voting "guilty" on the first count.[citation needed]

Voting results[198][199] Party  | Article I (Abuse of power)  | Article II (Obstruction of Congress)

|
|

Guilty  | Not guilty  | Guilty  | Not guilty
| Democratic (45)  | 45 | –  | 45 | –
| Republican (53)  |

* Mitt Romney

| 52 | –  | 53
| Independent (2)  |

* Angus King
* Bernie Sanders

| –  |

* Angus King
* Bernie Sanders

| –
Total (100)  | 48  | 52  | 47  | 53
Result  | Not guilty[r] | Not guilty[r]

## Public opinion[edit]

Before the trial, in mid January 2020, Americans were sharply divided on whether Trump should be removed from office, with Democrats largely supporting removal, Republicans largely opposing, and independents divided.[200] A USA Today/Suffolk University poll conducted between December 10 and 14, 2019, found that 45% of respondents supported the impeachment and removal of Trump from office, while 51% opposed it.[201] A CNN poll conducted from December 12 to 15 also found 45% supported impeachment and removal, compared to 47% who opposed the idea.[202] A Gallup poll released on the day of Trump's impeachment found that the president's approval rating increased by six points during the impeachment process, while support for the impeachment fell.[203] Another CNN poll conducted between January 16 and 19, 2020, found that 51% supported Trump's removal from office, compared to 45% who opposed it.[204] An NBC/Wall Street Journal poll released on January 2, 2020, showed 46% favored removal from office and 49% opposed, with the in favor/opposed being almost exclusively along party lines.[205]

Polling of Americans on the impeachment and removal from office of Trump  Poll source  | Date(s) conducted  | Sample size  | Margin of error | Support[s] | Oppose[s] | Undecided

|
|
|
|
|
|

Yahoo! News / YouGov[206][207] | December 4–6, 2019  | 1500  | ± 2.8%  | 47%  | 39%  | 14%
Monmouth University[208] | December 4–8, 2019  | 903  | ± 3.3%  | 45%  | 50%  | 5%
Fox News[209] | December 8–11, 2019  | 1000 RV | ± 3%  | 50%  | 41%  | 5%
NPR / PBS NewsHour / Marist[210][211] | December 9–11, 2019  | 1744  | ± 3.5%  | 46%  | 49%  | 5%
USA Today / Suffolk[201][212] | December 10–14, 2019  | 1000 RV  | ± 3%  | 45.2%  | 50.5%  | 4.3%
Quinnipiac University[213] | December 11–15, 2019  | 1390 RV  | ± 4.1%  | 45%  | 51%  | 4%
CNN / SSRS[202] | December 12–15, 2019  | 888 RV  | ± 3.7%  | 45%  | 47%  | 9%
| December 18, 2019  | Donald Trump is impeached by the House of Representatives
Politico / Morning Consult[214][215] | December 19–20, 2019  | 1387 RV  | ± 3.0%  | 51%  | 42%  | 6%
The Economist / YouGov[216][217] | December 22–24, 2019  | 1500  | ± 2.9%  | 44%  | 41%  | 14%
CNN / SSRS[204] | January 16–19, 2020  | 1156  | ± 3.4%  | 51%  | 45%  | 4%
NBC / The Wall Street Journal [205] | January 26–29, 2020  | 1000 RV  | ± 3.1%  | 46%  | 49%  | 5%

## Aftermath[edit]

Donald Trump holds up a copy of The Washington Post reporting his acquittal during remarks on February 6, 2020, in the East Room of the White House

Two days after the Senate acquitted him in the impeachment trial, Trump fired two witnesses who testified in the impeachment inquiry about his conduct.[218][219] On February 7, Gordon Sondland's ambassadorship was terminated, and Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Vindman was escorted from the White House after a dismissal from his job on the National Security Council. At the same time, Vindman's twin brother Yevgeny, likewise an Army lieutenant colonel on the National Security Council, was also dismissed.[218] Shortly before the firings, Trump said he was "not happy" with Alexander Vindman; after the firings, Trump said he "didn't know" Alexander Vindman but he was "very insubordinate".[219] Alexander Vindman's lawyer responded that his client "was asked to leave for telling the truth. His honor, his commitment to right, frightened the powerful." Sondland reacted by stating that he was "grateful to President Trump for the opportunity to serve".[218]

In April 2020, Trump fired Michael K. Atkinson, the inspector general of the intelligence community.[220][221] Trump further complained that Atkinson "never even came in to see me. How can you [forward the complaint] without seeing the person?"; he also concluded that Atkinson was "not a big Trump fan".[222] Atkinson responded that he believed Trump had fired him for "having faithfully discharged my legal obligations as an independent and impartial inspector general, and from my commitment to continue to do so".[223]

Biden would be elected President of the United States that November. The subsequent storming of the U.S. Capitol would lead to Trump's unprecedented second impeachment.

## See also[edit]

* List of federal political scandals in the United States

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ Intended to help Ukraine in its war against Russian-backed separatist forces in Donbass[3]
2. ^ Johnson sought election to a full term, but failed to gain the nomination of his (Democratic) party, and the election was won by (Republican candidate) Ulysses S. Grant.
3. ^ Nixon was pardoned for his crimes by his successor, Gerald Ford.
4. ^ Clinton was found to be guilty of civil contempt of court stemming from the Jones v. Clinton case over his testimony. Clinton ended up agreeing to a five-year suspension from practicing law in Arkansas. The Supreme Court suspended Clinton from the Supreme Court bar for his Arkansas suspension. Clinton would resign from the bar during the appeal process of disbarment from the court.[12][13]
5. ^ This remained classified until December 2019.[26][27]
6. ^ a b Agreement based on a simple majority. Of the 41 members, Ted Lieu, who represented California's 33rd, was ill and not present to vote, leaving 40 votes. Being an even number, half plus one is needed for a majority, yielding 21 as the number of Aye votes for agreement.
7. ^ Of the 435 House seats for the 116th Congress's first session, four were vacant: Maryland's 7th, New York's 27th, Wisconsin's 7th, and California's 25th. Three members were not present for the vote: Duncan D. Hunter from California's 50th was banned from voting, José E. Serrano from New York's 15th was prevented from voting due to medical issues; and John Shimkus from Illinois's 15th was on personal trip to Tanzania. This left 428 votes but, being an even number, half plus one is needed for a majority, yielding 215 as the number of yea votes for adoption.[120]
8. ^ a b c Adoption based on a simple majority.
9. ^ One of Mulvaney's top aides until being promoted by Trump on December 23 to a special representative for global telecommunications policy.[133]
10. ^ The former national security advisor did not attend his scheduled House deposition on November 7, 2019, and threatened to take legal action if he was subpoenaed. According to a House Intelligence Committee official, this is evidence of the president's obstruction of Congress.[134] On January 6, 2020, Bolton said that he would be willing to testify in the Senate trial if subpoenaed.[135] However, Trump has said that he would invoke executive privilege to keep him from testifying.[136]
11. ^ a b Graham also proposed that the trial "use the Clinton model, where you ... let the House managers ... make the argument, let the president make his argument why the two articles are flawed, and then we'll decide whether we want witnesses."[142]
12. ^ a b Senators Susan Collins and Mitt Romney expressed their openness to calling witnesses.[146] McConnell, Graham, Murkowski, and Collins suggested that this happen later in the trial,[142][145] with McConnell citing the 100–0 agreement on a similar process following Clinton's impeachment.[146]
13. ^ A further 20 emails remain fully undisclosed.[28]
14. ^ Of the 435 House seats for the 116th Congress's first session, five were vacant: Maryland's 7th, New York's 27th, Wisconsin's 7th, California's 25th, and California's 50th. Nine members were not present for the vote, four Democrats and five Republicans: Lacy Clay from Missouri's 1st, Ann Kirkpatrick from Arizona's 2nd, Tulsi Gabbard from Hawaii's 2nd, John Lewis from Georgia's 5th, Kenny Marchant from Texas's 24th, Rick Crawford from Arkansas's 2nd, Debbie Lesko from Arizona's 8th, Tom McClintock from California's 4th, and Mike Simpson Idaho's 2nd. This left 421 votes, half of which rounded up yields 211 as the number of yea votes for adoption.
15. ^ The office of Chief Justice is only mentioned once in the constitution and it is in relation to impeachment trials of the president.[175]
16. ^ The night after the Senate voted against subpoenaing witnesses in the trial, the Justice Department and a lawyer for the Office of Management and Budget acknowledged that some of the emails which remain undisclosed due to executive privilege contain details about why military aid to Ukraine was frozen.[187]
17. ^ Trump has also argued that the impeachment's timing was designed to hurt Bernie Sanders' presidential campaign by forcing him to focus on the trial instead.[189]
18. ^ a b Guilt based on "the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present" according to the Constitution (Article 1, Section 3, Clause 6). There are 100 Senate seats (two per U.S. state) and all Senators were present at the trial. Two-thirds of 100 is 66.6, so 67 guilty votes are needed for a guilty verdict.
19. ^ a b These polls are color-coded relative to the margin of error (×2 for spread). If the poll is within the doubled margin of error, both colors are used. If the margin of error is, for example, 2.5, then the spread would be 5, so a 50% support / 45% oppose would be tied.

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192. ^ Haberman, Maggie; Schmidt, Michael S. (January 26, 2020). "Trump Tied Ukraine Aid to Inquiries He Sought, Bolton Book Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 1, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
193. ^ Herb, Jeremy; Mattingly, Phil; Raju, Manu; Fox, Lauren (January 31, 2020). "Senate impeachment trial: Wednesday acquittal vote scheduled after effort to have witnesses, fails". CNN. Archived from the original on February 2, 2020. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
194. ^ Haltiwanger, John; Sheth, Sonam (January 31, 2020). "In an Unprecedented Move, the Senate Voted against Calling Witnesses in Trump's Impeachment Trial". Business Insider. Archived from the original on February 1, 2020. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
195. ^ "Impeachment". Senate.gov. United States Senate. Archived from the original on December 2, 2010. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
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201. ^ a b Cummings, Susan Page, Nicholas Wu and William (December 15, 2019). "USA TODAY poll: Narrow majority opposes removing Trump from office if he is impeached". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 17, 2019. Retrieved December 17, 2019.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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207. ^ "Yahoo! News Impeachment Tracker" (PDF). YouGov. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 9, 2019.
208. ^ Murray, Patrick (December 11, 2019). "Most Say Trump Hindered Inquiry, But Impeachment Opinion is Unmoved". Monmouth University. Archived from the original on December 11, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
209. ^ "Fox News Poll results December 8–11, 2019". Fox News. December 15, 2019. Archived from the original on December 15, 2019. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
210. ^ Montanaro, Domenico (December 16, 2019). "Poll: Opinions Of Impeachment Remain Unchanged; Signs Point To Base Election In 2020". NPR. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
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213. ^ "QU Poll Release Detail". Quinnipiac University. Archived from the original on December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
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215. ^ "National Tracking Poll 191284". Politico. Archived from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
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218. ^ a b c Baker, Peter; Haberman, Maggie; Hakim, Danny; Schmidt, Michael (February 7, 2020). "Trump Fires Impeachment Witnesses Gordon Sondland and Alexander Vindman in Post-Acquittal Purge". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 8, 2020. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
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## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to First impeachment of Donald Trump.

* House impeaches President Trump – live-stream archive via C-SPAN
* How each member of the House voted on impeachment — via CNN
* Rakich, Aaron Bycoffe, Ella Koeze, Nathaniel (October 21, 2019). "Do Americans Support Impeaching Trump?". FiveThirtyEight.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* Real Clear Politics polling history: Trump Impeachment and Removal From Office: Support/Oppose
* Skowronek, Stephen; Dearborn, John A. & King, Desmond (2021). Phantoms of a Beleaguered Republic: The Deep State and the Unitary Executive. Oxford University Press. pp. 165–189. ISBN 978-0-19-754308-5.

* v
* t
* e

First impeachment and impeachment trial of Donald Trump

Background|

* Efforts to impeach Donald Trump
* Resolutions
* Trump–Ukraine scandal

Inquiry|

Testifying witnesses:

* Michael Atkinson
* Laura Cooper
* Catherine Croft
* David Hale
* Fiona Hill
* David Holmes
* Steve Linick
* Joseph Maguire
* Tim Morrison
* Philip T. Reeker
* Mark Sandy
* Gordon Sondland
* William B. Taylor Jr.
* Alexander Vindman
* Kurt Volker
* Jennifer Williams
* Marie Yovanovitch

Impeachment trial|

Presiding officer:
* John Roberts

House managers:

* Adam Schiff lead manager
* Jason Crow
* Val Demings
* Sylvia Garcia
* Hakeem Jeffries
* Zoe Lofgren
* Jerry Nadler

President's counsel:

* Pam Bondi
* Pat Cipollone
* Alan Dershowitz
* Patrick F. Philbin
* Michael Purpura
* Robert Ray
* Jay Sekulow
* Ken Starr

Congressional defense team:

* Doug Collins
* Mike Johnson
* Jim Jordan
* Debbie Lesko
* Mark Meadows
* John Ratcliffe
* Elise Stefanik
* Lee Zeldin

Other|

* Proposed expungement

* v
* t
* e

Presidency of Donald Trump

Campaigns|

* 2000 presidential campaign
* 2016 presidential campaign
* Make America Great Again
* rallies
* Republican primaries
* endorsements
* debates
* running mate selection
* convention
* General election
* endorsements
* debates
* reactions
* Assassination attempt
* Never Trump movement
* Mitt Romney's anti-Trump speech
* Republican opposition in 2016
* Republican opposition in 2020
* Sexual misconduct allegations
* Access Hollywood recording
* Wiretapping allegations
* 2020 presidential campaign
* endorsements
* political
* non-political
* rallies
* Republican reactions to Trump's 2020 election fraud claims

Tenure|

* Transition
* Inauguration
* speech
* Opinion polling
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* Social media
* 2018 midterm elections
* Government shutdowns
* January 2018
* 2018–2019
* Executive actions
* proclamations
* Executive clemency
* pardon of Joe Arpaio
* Travel bans
* reactions
* legal challenges
* protests
* replacement
* Family separation policy
* Migrant detentions
* Operation Faithful Patriot
* Stormy Daniels scandal
* Anonymous senior official op-ed
* Relations with Israel
* Jerusalem recognition
* Golan Heights recognition
* Peace plan
* Abraham Accords
* UAE
* Bahrain
* Sudan
* Morocco
* Kosovo–Serbia agreement
* North Korea crisis
* Singapore summit
* Hanoi summit
* DMZ summit
* Trump–Ukraine scandal
* Relations with Russia
* Helsinki summit
* Russian bounty program
* Farmer bailouts
* Saudi Arabia arms deal
* Syria strikes
* 2017
* 2018
* Taiwan call
* Withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal
* Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
* Assassination of Qasem Soleimani
* COVID-19 pandemic
* Communication
* Federal government data breach
* Presidential Library

Timeline|

* First 100 days
* 2017
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* 2018
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* 2019
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* 2020
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* January 2021
* Trips
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020–2021
* international
* Riyadh summit
* Singapore summit
* Helsinki summit
* Hanoi summit
* DMZ summit

Policies|

* Economy
* tax cuts
* tariffs
* China trade war
* Environment
* Paris Agreement withdrawal
* Foreign policy
* as candidate
* as President
* America First
* Immigration
* Racial views
* Social issues
* cannabis

Personnel|

* Cabinet
* formation
* Federal judges
* Gorsuch
* Kavanaugh
* Barrett
* Supreme Court candidates
* controversies
* Ambassadors
* Attorneys
* Economic advisors
* Withdrawn appointees
* Short-tenure appointees
* Dismissals and resignations
* attorneys
* Yates
* Comey
* Tillerson
* McMaster
* Pruitt
* inspectors general
* Endorsements by Donald Trump

Notable events|

* Business projects in Russia
* Links with Russian officials and spies
* Trump Tower meeting
* Steele dossier
* Crossfire Hurricane
* Classified information disclosures
* Russian election interference
* timeline until July 2016
* July 2016 – election day
* transition period
* Special counsel investigation
* Mueller report
* Barr letter
* Timeline of investigations
* transition period
* January–June 2017
* July–December 2017
* January–June 2018
* July–December 2018
* January–June 2019
* July–December 2019
* 2020–2022
* Impeachments
* efforts
* resolutions
* impeachment inquiry
* first impeachment
* first trial
* second impeachment
* second trial
* proposed expungements
* Photo op at St. John's Church
* Tulsa rally
* 2020 Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration
* White House COVID-19 outbreak
* Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference
* 2020–21 U.S. election protests
* January 6 U.S. Capitol attack
* timeline
* aftermath
* continued protests
* reactions
* domestic
* international

Opposition|

* Lawsuits
* Protests
* timeline
* 2017 Women's March
* March for Science
* Impeachment March
* family separation policy protests

* v
* t
* e

Donald Trump

* 45th President of the United States (2017–2021)

Presidency|

* Election
* Reactions
* Transition
* Inauguration
* Timeline
* first 100 days
* 2017
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* 2018
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* 2019
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* 2020–2021
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4–January 2021
* domestic trips
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020–2021
* international trips
* Polls
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* Cabinet
* formation
* withdrawn
* Appointments
* ambassadors
* economic advisors
* Judicial appointments
* Supreme Court candidates
* Neil Gorsuch
* Brett Kavanaugh
* Amy Coney Barrett
* controversies
* U.S. attorneys
* short tenures
* Dismissals
* U.S. attorneys
* inspectors general
* James Comey
* Pardons and commutations
* Joe Arpaio
* Executive actions
* proclamations
* Government shutdowns
* January 2018
* 2018–2019
* Trump wall
* First impeachment
* first trial
* COVID-19 pandemic
* Presidential transition of Joe Biden
* Trump–Raffensperger phone call
* 2020–21 United States election protests
* January 6 United States Capitol attack
* Second impeachment (second trial)

Life and
politics|

* Business career
* legal affairs
* wealth
* tax returns
* Media career
* The Apprentice
* American football
* Golf
* Honors and awards
* Political positions
* Trumpism
* Economy
* tariffs
* Environment
* Paris withdrawal
* America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018
* Clean Water Act
* Safe Drinking Water Act
* Foreign policy
* positions as candidate
* America First
* China–United States trade war
* Israel–Palestine
* Jerusalem recognition
* Golan Heights recognition
* Peace plan
* Abraham Accords
* UAE
* Bahrain
* Sudan
* Morocco
* Kosovo–Serbia agreement
* Iran nuclear-deal withdrawal
* Russia summit
* Helsinki
* North Korea summits
* Singapore
* Hanoi
* DMZ
* Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
* Assassination of Qasem Soleimani
* Immigration
* family separation
* travel ban
* wall
* Social issues
* cannabis
* Space policy
* Protests
* timeline
* assassination attempt
* efforts to impeach
* Racial views
* False or misleading statements
* Photo op at St. John's Church
* Political interference with science agencies
* National Garden of American Heroes
* Endorsements

Books|

* Trump: The Art of the Deal (1987)
* Trump: Surviving at the Top (1990)
* Trump: The Art of the Comeback (1997)
* The America We Deserve (2000)
* The Way to the Top (2004)
* Trump 101 (2006)
* Why We Want You to Be Rich (2006)
* Think Big and Kick Ass (2007)
* Time to Get Tough (2011)
* Midas Touch (2011)
* Crippled America (2015)

Speeches|

* Inaugural address (2017)
* Joint session of Congress (2017)
* Riyadh summit (2017)
* Warsaw speech (2017)
* National Scout Jamboree (2017)
* State of the Union Address
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* Oval Office address
* 2019
* 2020
* Farewell address (2021)
* CPAC (2021)

Campaigns|

* 2000 presidential campaign
* 2016 presidential campaign
* "Make America Great Again"
* rallies
* 2016 Republican primaries
* endorsements
* debates
* running mate selection
* convention
* 2016 general election
* endorsements
* debates
* Never Trump movement
* Republican opposition
* 2016
* Mitt Romney speech
* 2020
* 2024
* Sexual misconduct allegations
* Access Hollywood recording
* 2020 presidential campaign
* rallies
* 2020 Republican primaries
* convention
* 2020 general election
* endorsements
* political
* non-political
* debates
* Republican reactions to Trump's election fraud claims
* 2024 presidential campaign
* rallies
* 2024 Republican primaries
* endorsements
* debates

Legal affairs|

* Pre-2020 election
* Post-election
* Arizona
* Georgia
* Michigan
* Nevada
* Pennsylvania
* Wisconsin
* Texas v. Pennsylvania
* Carroll v. Trump
* Trump v. United States
* State prosecution
* Georgia
* New York
* Federal prosecution
* classified documents
* 2020 election
* Trump mug shot

Investigations|

* Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)
* Durham Special counsel investigation
* FBI investigation into handling of government documents
* FBI search of Mar-a-Lago
* Investigation into attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election
* Mueller special counsel investigation
* New York investigations of The Trump Organization
* civil
* criminal
* Russia investigation origins counter-narrative
* Smith special counsel investigation
* Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia

Related|

* Foundation
* In popular culture
* filmography
* in music
* SNL parodies
* Residences
* 85-15 Wareham Place
* Trump Tower
* Bedminster
* Mar-a-Lago (FBI search)
* The Visionary
* On social media
* wiretapping allegations
* Real News Update
* Covfefe
* Trump Media & Technology Group
* Donald J. Trump State Park
* Nicknames used
* Trump Force One
* Trump derangement syndrome
* Fort Trump
* White House COVID-19 outbreak
* Trumpism
* Women for Trump
* Blacks for Trump
* Black Voices for Trump
* Gays for Trump
* Controversies
* pseudonyms
* Stormy Daniels scandal
* Trump–Ukraine scandal
* Attempts to overturn the 2020 election
* Stop the Steal
* January 6 United States Capitol attack
* "Justice for All"
* Day of Rage: How Trump Supporters Took the U.S. Capitol [2021]
* Four Hours at the Capitol [2021]
* Wikipedia coverage

Family|

| Spouses|

* Ivana Trump (first wife)
* Marla Maples (second wife)
* Melania Trump (third wife)

|

Children|

* Donald Trump Jr. (son)
* Ivanka Trump (daughter)
* Eric Trump (son)
* Tiffany Trump (daughter)
* Barron Trump (son)

Ancestors|

* Fred Trump (father)
* Mary Anne Trump (mother)
* Frederick Trump (grandfather)
* Elizabeth Trump (grandmother)

Siblings|

* Maryanne Trump Barry (sister)
* Fred Trump Jr. (brother)
* Robert Trump (brother)

In-laws|

* Jared Kushner (son-in-law)
* Lara Trump (daughter-in-law)
* Vanessa Trump (former daughter-in-law)
* Blaine Trump (former sister-in-law)

Others|

* John G. Trump (uncle)
* Mary L. Trump (niece)
* John Whitney Walter (cousin)

* ← Barack Obama
* Joe Biden →

* * *

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Federal impeachment in the United States

Federal impeachment in the United States • Federal impeachment trial in the United States
Article I of the United States Constitution (Impeachment Clause · Trial of Impeachment Clause)

Formal impeachments|

| President|

* Andrew Johnson
* first inquiry
* second inquiry
* impeachment
* trial
* Bill Clinton
* inquiry
* impeachment
* trial
* Donald Trump
* resolutions
* inquiry
* first impeachment
* first trial
* second impeachment
* second trial
* proposed expungements ‎

|

SCOTUS Justice|

* Samuel Chase
* impeachment and trial

Other judge|

* John Pickering
* James H. Peck
* West Hughes Humphreys
* Mark W. Delahay
* Charles Swayne
* Robert W. Archbald
* George W. English
* Harold Louderback
* Halsted L. Ritter
* Harry E. Claiborne
* Alcee Hastings
* Walter Nixon
* Samuel B. Kent
* Thomas Porteous

Member of Cabinet|

* William W. Belknap

Congressperson|

* William Blount

Efforts to impeach|

| President|

* List of efforts
* Buchanan
* A. Johnson
* Nixon
* Clinton
* G. W. Bush
* Obama
* Trump
* Biden
* inquiry

|

Other|

* Vice presidents
* Cheney
* Unsuccessful efforts to impeach federal officials

Impeachment inquiries|

* Federal officials
* Judges

In bold, impeachments leading to conviction. In italics, impeachments or attempts leading to resignation.

Portals:

* United States
* Politics
* 2010s
* 2020s

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[RV]: Registered Voters