Flora camouflage

Russian military camouflage

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Flora camouflage

Flora camouflage pattern

Type| Military camouflage pattern
Place of origin| Russian Federation
Service history
In service| 1998-2011
Used by| See Users
Wars| Second Chechen War
Russo-Georgian War
Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
War in Donbas

Flora (Russian: Флора, sometimes erroneously called VSR-98, which stands for Vooruzhennyye sily Rossii or Russian Armed Forces 1998.)[1] is a military camouflage pattern formerly used by the Russian Armed Forces.

The pattern has some design similarities with the Butan and Tiger stripe camo.[2]

## History

[edit]

A. Kolmakov, commander of Russian VDV forces (right), in Flora camouflage receiving a report from a soldier in Dubok camouflage. The soldier on the left and the troops in the background are wearing Zabralo armor in Barviha camouflage. 2004.

Flora came as a replacement for the "Barvikha" camouflage - the name of the R&D program. The pattern did not have an official name, so popular nicknames like "vertikalka" (vertical), berezka (birch), VSR-93 and so on appeared.[3]

Flora was adopted into the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in 1998.[2]

The camo was last seen with claimed pro-Moscow Crimean auxiliaries during the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation[4] and with some Russian troops in the War in Donbass.[5]

## Design

[edit]

Flora is optimised for an environment typical of central Russia and is effective at silhouette dissolution.[6] Because of the characteristic stripes, "Flora" was nicknamed "Arbuznyj" (watermelony; арбузный) camouflage.

The overall color scheme can vary widely depending on the fabric used by the manufacturer.[7]

"Flora" consists of the green Flora pattern and the Mountain Flora pattern, which has dark yellow, sand or khaki color.[8]

## Users

[edit]

### Former

[edit]

Russian paratroopers wearing Flora camouflage

* Belarus: Replaced by EMR.[9]
* Russia: Formerly used by all branches of Russian Armed Forces.[10] Replaced by EMR by 2011.[11][12] However, some are still used by military educational institutes,[2] Russian soldiers in parades[13] and in Ukraine.[5]
* Tajikistan: Adopted EMR to replace Flora.[14]

### Partially-recognized states

[edit]

Donetsk's Vostok Battalion wearing Flora during the rehearsal for the 2015 Victory Parade in Donetsk

* Donetsk People's Republic[15]
* Luhansk People's Republic[16]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Galeotti (2019), p. 14.
2. ^ a b c "Камуфляж Флора - Виды камуфляжа".
3. ^ "Флора (камуфляж)". Archived from the original on 10 July 2021.
4. ^ Galeotti (2019), pp. 14–15.
5. ^ a b Galeotti (2019), pp. 32–33.
6. ^ "Камуфляж - виды и расцветки стран мира | Интернет проект Я выживу". i-survive.ru. Retrieved 2024-02-04.
7. ^ "Russia - Camopedia". camopedia.org. Retrieved 2024-02-04.[better source needed]
8. ^ "Russian Camo: what camouflage does Russia use?".
9. ^ "Камуфляж ЕМР - Виды камуфляжа".
10. ^ https://kula-tactical.com/military-camouflage-patterns/russian-camouflages/flora-camo
11. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20150122121359/http://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=10371371@egNews
12. ^ "Europe's Official Camouflage Patterns | UF PRO Blog".
13. ^ Galeotti (2017), p. 46.
14. ^ Larson (2021), p. 328.
15. ^ Crowther (2022), p. 67.
16. ^ Crowther (2023), p. 43, 45.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Crowther, Edward (2022). War in Ukraine: Volume 1: Armed Formations of the Donetsk People's Republic, 2014-2022. Helion and Company. ISBN 978-1915070661.
* Crowther, Edward (2023). War in Ukraine: Volume 3: Armed Formations of the Luhansk People’s Republic, 2014–2022. Helion and Company. ISBN 978-1804512173.
* Galeotti, Mark (2019). Armies Of Russia's War In Ukraine. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1472833440.
* Galeotti, Mark (2017). The Modern Russian Army 1992–2016. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1472819086.
* Larson, Eric H. (2021). Camouflage: International Ground Force Patterns, 1946–2017. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. ISBN 9781526739537.

* v
* t
* e

Camouflage

Methods|

* Camouflage
* Countershading
* Active camouflage
* Counter-illumination
* Disruptive coloration
* Coincident disruptive coloration
* Disruptive eye mask
* Distractive markings
* Motion camouflage
* Multi-scale camouflage
* Multi-spectral camouflage
* Self-decoration
* Snow camouflage
* Urban camouflage

In nature|

* As evidence for natural selection
* Crypsis
* Decorator crab
* Flower mantis
* Mimicry
* Batesian
* Müllerian
* Aggressive
* Underwater camouflage

People|

| Early|

* Edward Bagnall Poulton
* The Colours of Animals
* Abbott Handerson Thayer
* Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom

|

Camoufleurs|

* Mary Taylor Brush
* Lucien-Victor Guirand de Scévola
* John Graham Kerr
* Norman Wilkinson
* Everett Warner
* Leon Underwood
* Johann Georg Otto Schick
* Hugh Cott
* Adaptive Coloration in Animals
* Geoffrey Barkas
* Timothy O'Neill

Researchers|

* Roy Behrens
* Tim Caro
* Innes Cuthill
* Thomas N. Sherratt
* Martin Stevens

Military|

| Topics|

* Military camouflage
* Aircraft camouflage
* Camouflage clothing in Trinidad and Tobago
* Dazzle camouflage
* List of countries that prohibit camouflage clothing
* Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate
* Ship camouflage
* USN WWII camouflage measures

|

Patterns|

| Up to WWII|

| German
WWII|

* Splittertarnmuster (1931)
* Platanenmuster (1937)
* Rauchtarnmuster (1939)
* Palmenmuster (c 1941)
* Sumpfmuster (1943)
* Erbsenmuster (1944)
* Leibermuster (1945)

|

Other|

* Camouflage tree (1915)
* Lozenge (1917 aircraft)
* Telo mimetico (1929 tent)
* Denison smock (1941)
* Frog skin (1942)
* Ghillie suit

Post-war|

* Lizard (1947)
* Strichtarn (1960)
* KLMK (1968)

Late 20th
century|

* Jigsaw (1958)
* Tiger stripe (1962)
* Rhodesian Brushstroke (1965)
* ERDL (1967)
* Disruptive Pattern Material (1969)
* wz. 68 Moro (1969)
* Six-Color Desert Pattern (Chocolate Chip) (1981)
* U.S. "M81" Woodland (1981)
* Australian Disruptive Pattern (1982)
* TAZ 83 (1983)
* M84 (1984)
* Type 87 (China) (1987)
* wz. 89 Puma (1989)
* Camouflage Daguet (1989)
* M90 (1990)
* Desert Night Camouflage (1990)
* Flecktarn (1990)
* Tropentarn (1990)
* Desert Camouflage Pattern (1990)
* Camouflage Central-Europe (1991)
* Soldier 2000 (1993)
* TAZ 90 (1993)
* wz. 93 Pantera (1993)
* CADPAT (1997)
* Dubok (1997)
* M98 (1998)
* Flora (1998)

21st
century|

* MARPAT (2001) (Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform (2002))
* MultiCam (2002)
* Tactical Assault Camouflage (2004)
* Universal Camouflage Pattern (2004)
* ESTDCU (2006)
* M05 (2007)
* Airman Battle Uniform (2007)
* Type 07 (2007)
* EMR (2008)
* Multi-Terrain Pattern (2010)
* Australian Multicam (2014)
* MM-14 (2014)
* Varan (camouflage) (2015)
* HunCam (2015)
* Operational Camouflage Pattern (2015)
* Multitarn (2016)
* Netherlands Fractal Pattern (2019)
* Xingkong (2019)
* K20 (2020)

Technology|

| Deployed|

* Berberys-R
* Nakidka

|

Prototypes|

* Diffused lighting camouflage (1941)
* Yehudi lights (1943)
* Adaptiv (2011)

Related|

* Dazzled and Deceived
* Stealth technology
* Cloaking device
* Invisibility

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