Florentine Histories

Historical account of Florence by Machiavelli

Florentine Histories (Italian: Istorie fiorentine) is a historical account by Italian Renaissance political philosopher and writer Niccolò Machiavelli, first published posthumously in 1532.[1][2]

## Background

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In 1520, Machiavelli managed to get back into the good graces of the Medici family, so much so that Giulio Cardinal de Medici commissioned him to write a history of Florence. At this point, Machiavelli had two other job offers, one as chancellor of Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and another as chancellor to the condottiere Prospero Colonna, the latter offering a salary four times higher than his history commission. Despite the financial incentive and the urging of his former boss, Piero Soderini, Machiavelli declined both offers. He chose instead to write the Florentine Histories, aligning himself with esteemed humanist predecessors like Bruni and Poggio. The commission also hinted at potential future diplomatic work, which may have influenced his decision, as it offered a path back to political engagement similar to his earlier career.[3]

The finished work was presented officially to Giulio de' Medici, now Pope Clement VII, in May 1526. The Pope liked the work and rewarded him, and asked him support in the creation of a national army, in the preparations for the War of the League of Cognac. However, after the Sack of Rome (1527) and the fall of the Medici government in Florence, Machiavelli eventually hoped to gain favor with the new government. Machiavelli would die soon afterwards.[4]

## The work

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Machiavelli followed the tradition of humanist historians by structuring his work as "histories," organizing it into books with introductory sections and crafted speeches presented as authentic records. However, his narrative unfolds in a broader, almost philosophical framework being a struggle between virtue and fortune. Central to the Florentine Histories is Florence’s destructive factionalism, which, unlike the productive conflicts of ancient Rome, left the city fragmented and morally decayed. Like his Discourses on Livy, the work includes subtle critiques of the Church and vivid character sketches, particularly of the Medici, with the narrative pivoting around Cosimo de’ Medici’s return from exile in 1434. It also contains a notably dramatic speech attributed to Michele di Lando, leader of the 1378 Ciompi Revolt, which briefly established Florence’s most democratic government.[5] He also relays in detail the Pazzi conspiracy against the Medici, and the means of which it was put down.[6][7] While not a modern historian, Machiavelli demonstrates a commitment to factual analysis through his focus on "diverse effects," blending historical detail with his signature political insight.[8]

## References

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1. ^ "Niccolo Machiavelli | Biography, Books, Philosophy, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-05-28.
2. ^ Sullivan, Vickie B. (January 2000). The Comedy and Tragedy of Machiavelli: Essays on the Literary Works. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08797-7.
3. ^ Black, Robert (20 November 2013). Machiavelli. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-69957-6.
4. ^ "Niccolo Machiavelli | Beliefs, Books, the Prince, Philosophy, Accomplishments, & Facts | Britannica".
5. ^ Machiavelli, Niccolò (1901). "History of Florence and of the Affairs of Italy: From the Earliest Times to the Death of Lorenzo the Magnificent".
6. ^ Connell, William J. (10 September 2002). Society and Individual in Renaissance Florence. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-92822-0.
7. ^ Machiavelli, Niccolò (1988). Florentine Histories. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00863-9.
8. ^ "Florentine Histories | work by Machiavelli | Britannica".

## External links

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Italian Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Istorie fiorentine

English Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Florentine Histories

* English translation at Project Gutenberg.
* History of Florence Free Librivox Audio

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Niccolò Machiavelli

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Historical and
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* Discourse on Pisa
* On the Method of Dealing with the Rebellious Peoples of Valdichiana
* The Description
* Discourse about the Provision of Money
* Report on the state of Germany
* Discourse on Reforming the Government of Florence
* Life of Castruccio Castracani
* Florentine Histories
* The Art of War
* The Prince
* Discourses on Livy

Imaginative works|

* The Second Decade
* Andria
* The Mandrake
* Clizia
* Belfagor arcidiavolo
* The Golden Ass

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* Modernity
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* Political realism
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