Foreign relations of Antigua and Barbuda

Politics of Antigua and Barbuda

Executive

* Monarch

Charles III
* Governor-General

Sir Rodney Williams
* Prime Minister

Gaston Browne
* Cabinet

Legislative

* Parliament

Senate

President
House of Representatives

Speaker
Leader of the Opposition

Judicial

* Magistrates' Courts
* Supreme Court

High Court
Court of Appeal

Judicial Committee of the Privy Council

Elections

* Recent elections

* General: 2014
* 2018
* 2023

* Political parties

Administrative divisions

* Parishes and dependencies

Foreign relations

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Barbuda Affairs

Minister: E.P. Chet Greene

* * *

* Diplomatic missions of / in Antigua and Barbuda

* * *

* Passports
* Visa requirements
* Visa policy

Barbuda

* Barbuda Council

Chairperson
Vice Chairperson
Secretary

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

Antigua and Barbuda maintains diplomatic relations with the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the People's Republic of China, as well as with many Latin American countries and neighbouring Eastern Caribbean states. It is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States, the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States, the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas, Petrocaribe and the Eastern Caribbean's Regional Security System (RSS).

As a member of CARICOM, Antigua and Barbuda supported efforts by the United States to implement UN Security Council Resolution 940, designed to facilitate the departure of Haiti's de facto authorities from power. The country agreed to contribute personnel to the multinational force which restored the democratically elected government of Haiti in October 1994.

In May 1997, Prime Minister Bird joined 14 other Caribbean leaders and President Clinton for the first-ever US-regional summit in Bridgetown, Barbados. The summit strengthened the basis for regional co-operation on justice and counter-narcotics issues, finance and development, and trade.

Antigua and Barbuda is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

Disputes – international: none

Illicit drugs: considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as a drug-money-laundering center.

## Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Antigua and Barbuda has diplomatic relations with:

#  | Country  | Date[1]
1  |  Canada | 1 November 1981[2]
2  |  South Korea | 1 November 1981[3]
3  |  United Kingdom | 1 November 1981[4]
4  |  United States | 1 November 1981[5]
5  |  Malaysia | 1981[6]
6  |  Australia | 17 January 1982[7]
7  |  Brazil | 2 February 1982[3]
8  |  Guyana | 3 February 1982[8]
9  |  Colombia | 18 March 1982[9]
10  |  India | 2 April 1982[10]
11  |  Germany | 4 May 1982[3]
12  |  France | 6 May 1982[3]
13  |  Netherlands | 11 May 1982[3]
14  |  Sweden | 11 June 1982[3]
15  |  Venezuela | 11 June 1982[3]
16  |  Iraq | 14 September 1982[3]
17  |  Japan | 4 October 1982[3]
18  |  China | 1 January 1983[3]
19  |  Belize | 4 February 1983[11]
20  |  Jamaica | 8 February 1983[12]
21  |  Nigeria | 2 March 1983[13]
22  |  Uganda | 2 March 1983[13]
23  |  Zambia | 2 March 1983[13]
24  |  Portugal | 20 March 1983[14]
25  |  Syria | 18 April 1983[3]
26  |  Israel | 22 June 1983[3]
27  |  Barbados | 19 September 1983[15]
28  |  Saint Kitts and Nevis | 19 September 1983[16]
29  |  Switzerland | 14 December 1983[3]
30  |  Saint Lucia | 1983[17]
31  |  Costa Rica | 16 January 1984[3]
32  |  Mexico | 14 September 1984[18]
33  |  Argentina | 7 December 1984[19]
34  |  Austria | 25 March 1985[3]
35  |  Greece | 10 June 1985[3]
36  |  Peru | 24 June 1985[3]
37  |  Italy | 20 August 1985[3]
38  |  Bolivia | 26 August 1985[3]
39  |  Norway | 14 October 1985[3]
40  |  Denmark | 27 October 1985[3]
41  |  Belgium | 30 October 1985[3]
–  |  Holy See | 15 December 1986[20]
42  |  Uruguay | 27 April 1987[3]
43  |  Spain | 27 June 1988[3]
44  |  Suriname | 10 October 1989
45  |  Algeria | 1 November 1989
46  |  Russia | 5 January 1990
47  |  Chile | 10 August 1990[3]
48  |  North Korea | 27 November 1990
49  |  Guatemala | 3 February 1992
50  |  Nicaragua | 20 February 1992[3]
51  |  Ukraine | 17 March 1993[3]
52  |  El Salvador | 18 March 1993[3]
53  |  Latvia | 19 March 1993
54  |  Estonia | 4 June 1993
55  |  Slovenia | 15 June 1993[3]
56  |  Armenia | 25 August 1993[3]
57  |  Cuba | 6 April 1994
58  |  North Macedonia | 21 February 1995[3]
59  |  Azerbaijan | 5 April 1995[3]
60  |  Panama | 27 September 1996[21]
61  |  Czech Republic | 31 January 1997
62  |  Haiti | 11 June 1997
63  |  Kuwait | 9 July 1998[3]
64  |  Croatia | 15 June 1999
65  |  Slovakia | 21 June 1999
66  |  Turkey | June 1999[22]
67  |  Belarus | 18 May 2000
68  |  Ireland | 19 May 2000
69  |  Bulgaria | 7 June 2001
70  |  Maldives | 25 March 2002
71  |  South Africa | 17 February 2004[23]
72  |  Iceland | 11 March 2004
73  |  Cyprus | 22 July 2004
74  |  Malta | 23 July 2004
75  |  Lithuania | 23 September 2004[24]
76  |  Hungary | 16 May 2005
77  |  Poland | 13 September 2005[25]
78  |  Thailand | 7 July 2006[26]
79  |  Oman | 5 October 2006
80  |  Qatar | 9 October 2006
81  |  Bahrain | 20 October 2006
82  |  Singapore | 12 December 2006
83  |  Saudi Arabia | 12 February 2007
84  |  United Arab Emirates | 4 May 2007
85  |  Morocco | 3 July 2007[27]
86  |  Libya | 31 August 2007
87  |  Luxembourg | 26 September 2007
88  |  Dominican Republic | 5 October 2007[28]
89  |  Kazakhstan | 16 November 2007
90  |  Botswana | 6 December 2007
91  |  Finland | 26 September 2008
92  |  Ecuador | 10 August 2009[29]
93  |  Brunei | 21 December 2009
94  |  Cambodia | 28 April 2010
95  |  Egypt | 7 July 2010
96  |  Philippines | 16 July 2010
97  |  Georgia | 7 April 2011
98  |  Montenegro | 11 April 2011
99  |  Tajikistan | 12 April 2011
100  |  Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 June 2011
101  |  Andorra | 3 June 2011[30]
102  |  Indonesia | 23 September 2011[31]
103  |  Moldova | 18 November 2011
104  |  Mongolia | 19 June 2013
105  |  Vietnam | 8 November 2013
106  |  New Zealand | 6 October 2014[32]
107  |  Fiji | 20 February 2015
108  |  Iran | 1 October 2015
109  |  Paraguay | 21 September 2016
110  |  Pakistan | 23 September 2016
111  |  Lebanon | April 2017[33]
112  |  Nepal | 25 July 2017
113  |  Jordan | 27 September 2017
–  |  Cook Islands | 9 November 2017[34]
114  |  Romania | 5 April 2018[35]
115  |  Liechtenstein | 25 September 2018
116  |  Serbia | 28 September 2018
117  |  San Marino | 12 December 2018[36]
118  |  Monaco | 28 February 2019[37]
—  |  Kosovo | 24 July 2019[38]
119  |  Rwanda | 10 December 2019
120  |  Ethiopia | Before March 2020[39]
121  |  Ghana | Before March 2020[39]
122  |  Kyrgyzstan | 3 June 2021[40]
123  |  Uzbekistan | 13 June 2022
124  |  Kenya | 23 June 2022[41]
125  |  Cape Verde | September 2022[42]
126  |  Benin | 21 December 2023
—  |  State of Palestine | 14 June 2024
127  |  Seychelles | 23 September 2024[43]
128  |  Bahamas | Unknown
129  |  Dominica | Unknown
130  |  Grenada | Unknown
131  |  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Unknown
132  |  Trinidad and Tobago | Unknown

## Bilateral relations

[edit]

Country  | Formal Relations Began  | Notes

|
|

Belize | 4 February 1983 |

Antigua & Barbuda and Belize are two of fifteen commonwealth realms, members of: the Association of Caribbean States, the Caribbean Community, the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth of Nations, ECLAC, EU-CARIFORUM, the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1983.[44]

Canada | 1 November 1981 |

Antigua & Barbuda and Canada are two of fifteen commonwealth realms, members of: the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1967.[45][46]

* Antigua and Barbuda is accredited to Canada from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and has a consulate-general in Toronto.
* The Canadian High Commission in Bridgetown, Barbados is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda.[47]

China | 1 January 1983 |

Main article: Antigua and Barbuda–China relations

Both countries have established diplomatic relations.[48]

Cyprus | 21 July 2004 |

* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 July 2004.[49]
* Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.

Denmark | 28 October 1985 |

Denmark is represented in Antigua and Barbuda by its Consulate General in New York and an honorary consulate in St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda.[50]

Guyana | 3 February 1982 |

* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 February 1982.[51]
* Both countries are full members of Caribbean Community and of Organization of American States.

India |  |

Main article: Antigua and Barbuda–India relations

Both countries have established diplomatic relations and have an Extradition Arrangement.[52][53]

Ireland | 19 May 2000 |

Ireland is represented in Antigua and Barbuda through its embassy in Washington DC, United States.[54][55]

Israel | 22 June 1983 |

Israel is represented in Antigua and Barbuda through its embassy in Dominican Republic.[56]

Malta | 23 July 2004 |

* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 2004.[57]
* Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.

Mexico | 14 September 1984 |

Main article: Antigua and Barbuda–Mexico relations

* Antigua and Barbuda has a non-resident ambassador accredited to Mexico from its capital in St. John's.[58]
* Mexico is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda from its embassy in Castries, Saint Lucia and maintains an honorary consulate in St. John's.[59]

New Zealand |  |

* Both countries have established diplomatic relations.[60]
* Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.

South Africa | 26 June 2004 |

* Both countries have established diplomatic relations.[61]
* Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.

South Korea | 1 November 1981 |

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and Antigua and Barbuda began on 1 November 1981.[62]

Spain | 27 June 1988 |

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1988.

Turkey | Feb. 3, 1982[63] | See Antigua and Barbuda–Turkey relations

* Turkish Embassy in Santo Domingo is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda.[64]
* Trade volume between the two countries was 12.5 million USD in 2019.[65]

United Kingdom | 1 November 1981 |

Main article: Antigua and Barbuda–United Kingdom relations

Both countries have established diplomatic relations. Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.

United States | 1 November 1981 |

Main article: Antigua and Barbuda–United States relations

Relations between Antigua and Barbuda and the United States have been friendly since Antigua and Barbuda's independence from the United Kingdom in 1981.

The United States has supported the Government of Antigua and Barbuda's effort to expand its economic base and to improve its citizens' standard of living. However, concerns over the lack of adequate regulation of the financial services sector prompted the US Government to issue a financial advisory for Antigua and Barbuda in 1999. The advisory was lifted in 2001, but the US Government continues to monitor the Government of Antigua and Barbuda's regulation of financial services.

The United States also has been active in supporting post-hurricane disaster assistance and rehabilitation through the US Agency for International Development's (USAID) Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance and the Peace Corps. US assistance is primarily channelled through multilateral agencies such as the World Bank and the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), as well as through the USAID office in Bridgetown, Barbados.

Antigua and Barbuda is strategically situated in the Leeward Islands near maritime transport lanes of major importance to the United States. Antigua has long hosted a US military presence. A former US Navy support facility, turned over to the Government of Antigua and Barbuda in 1995, is now being developed as a regional coast guard training facility.

Antigua and Barbuda's location close to the US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico makes it an attractive transshipment point for narcotics traffickers. To address these problems, the United States and Antigua and Barbuda have signed a series of counter-narcotic and counter-crime treaties and agreements, including a maritime law enforcement agreement (1995), subsequently amended to include overflight and order-to-land provisions (1996); a bilateral extradition treaty (1996); and a mutual legal assistance treaty (1996). In addition, Antigua and Barbuda receives counter-narcotics assistance and benefits from US military exercise-related and humanitarian civic assistance construction projects.

In 2005, Antigua and Barbuda had 239,804 stay-over visitors, with nearly 28% of Antigua and Barbuda's visitors coming from the United States. It is estimated that 4,500 Americans reside in the country.

In 2005 both countries disputed a World Trade Organization ruling over gambling law. In 2007 relations were strained when Antigua and Barbuda demanded sanctions worth $3.4bn imposed on the US for its failure to obey the WTO gambling ruling stating that "while we realise this is a significant step for Antigua and Barbuda to take, we feel we have no choice in the matter".[66] Nevertheless, relations between the two countries are still strong.

Venezuela | 15 June 1982 |

Main article: Antigua and Barbuda–Venezuela relations

Antigua and Barbuda enjoys close relations with Venezuela. As of June 2009 it became a formal member of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) international co-operation organisation and the Caribbean oil alliance Petrocaribe. In 2009 Antigua and Barbuda received US$50 million from Venezuela because of the country's membership of these initiatives.

"We have benefited from these relationships and so we will continue to forge these alliances, whether it is with Venezuela, Cuba or whoever else that we feel is in the interest of Antigua and Barbuda and the sub-region," said the Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda Baldwin Spencer.[67]

## See also

[edit]

* West Indies Associated States
* Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
* List of diplomatic missions in Antigua and Barbuda
* List of diplomatic missions of Antigua and Barbuda
* North American Union
* North American Free Trade Agreement
* Free Trade Area of the Americas
* Third Border Initiative
* Caribbean Community
* Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI)
* Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act
* Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative

## References

[edit]

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2. ^ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
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4. ^ The Diplomatic Service List. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1985. p. 83\. ISBN 9780115916571.
5. ^ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Antigua and Barbuda". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
6. ^ "Wisma Putra congratulates Antigua and Barbuda 🇦🇬 on the joyous occasion of its 40th Independence Day". 1 November 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
7. ^ "Diplomatic Relations". righttoknow.org.au. 13 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
8. ^ "Diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
9. ^ "Antigua y Barbuda" (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
10. ^ Kaul, Vimla (1978). India Since Independence: Chronology of Events, 7. Sagar Publications. p. 1630.
11. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2016.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
12. ^ "Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations". 16 April 2021. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
13. ^ a b c Latin America Report, 2655. [Executive Office of the President], Federal Broadcast Information Service, Joint Publications Research Service. 1983. p. 31.
14. ^ "Antigua and Barbuda". Retrieved 12 November 2021.
15. ^ "LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH WHICH BARBADOS HAS DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BY REGIONS". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Barbados). Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
16. ^ "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
17. ^ "List of countries with which Saint Lucia has established Diplomatic Relations". Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
18. ^ "Antigua y Barbuda" (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
19. ^ "Comunicado Conjunto sobre establecimiento de Relaciones Diplomáticas entre el Gobierno de la República Argentina y el Gobierno de Antigua y Barbuda" (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
20. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Of The Holy See". Retrieved 12 November 2021.
21. ^ "RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ" (PDF). p. 195\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
22. ^ "Antigua and Barbuda to benefit from diplomatic cooperation with friendly countries". 11 March 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
23. ^ "Antigua and Barbuda". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
24. ^ "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
25. ^ "Antigua i Barbuda" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
26. ^ "แอนติกาและบาร์บูดา (Antigua and Barbuda)" (in Thai). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
27. ^ "Antigua et Barbuda" (in French). Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
28. ^ "República Dominicana y Antigua y Barbuda acuerdan reforzar relaciones bilaterales" (in Spanish). 7 July 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
29. ^ "Ecuador oficializa relaciones diplomáticas con Antigua y Barbuda" (in Spanish). 10 August 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
30. ^ "Diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Andorra. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
31. ^ "Paul Ryan Appointed As The First Indonesian Honorary Consul to Antigua and Barbuda". 29 May 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
32. ^ "Antigua - Environment - New Zealand's High Commissioner to CARICOM Tours Antigua". Caribbean News Service. 13 October 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
33. ^ "Antigua and Barbuda opens doors to new embassy in Beirut". 4 September 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
34. ^ "Antigua and Barbuda Establishes Diplomatic Relations with the Cook Islands". 9 November 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
35. ^ "Romania and Antigua & Barbuda have agreed to establish diplomatic relations". 10 April 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
36. ^ "16-17-18-21-22-23-24 settembre 2020" (in Italian). pp. 15–16. Retrieved 3 December 2021.15-16&rft_id=https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/lavori-consiliari/verbali-sedute/documento17120695.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Foreign+relations+of+Antigua+and+Barbuda" class="Z3988">
37. ^ "Diplomacy: Accreditation of Ambassadors from Bahrain – Antigua and Barbuda – Panama – Bosnia and Herzegovina". 28 February 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
38. ^ "Antigua And Kosovo Sign Visa Waiver Agreement, Establishes Diplomatic Relations". Antigua News Room. 24 July 2019.
39. ^ a b "Ambassador of Antigua and Barbuda to Ethiopia with concurrent accreditation to Ghana..." 10 March 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
40. ^ "Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения" (in Russian). Retrieved 10 October 2021.
41. ^ "CS Amb Raychelle Omamo signed Joint Communique on establishing diplomatic relations with Belize Foreign Minister Hon. Eamon Courtenay, Wednesday, June 22 2022 and signed with Hon.Chet Greene, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Immigration and Trade of Antigua and Barbuda, Thurs 23rd". Retrieved 23 June 2022.
42. ^ "Cabo Verde estabelece relações diplomáticas com Trinidade e Tobago". Governo de Cabo Verde. 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
43. ^ "Yesterday Minister Greene also signed unto documents establishing diplomatic relations with Seychelles, whose economic wealth comes from the tourism industry, similar to Antigua and Barbuda". 24 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
44. ^ "DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS – BELIZE" (PDF). Mfa.gov.bz. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
45. ^ Government of Canada, Global Affairs Canada. "Canada and Antigua and Barbuda". International.gc.ca.
46. ^ Government of Canada, Global Affairs Canada. "Canada and Antigua and Barbuda relations". International.gc.ca.
47. ^ "Canada – Antigua and Barbuda Relations". Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
48. ^ "Antigua and Barbuda". Fmprc.gov.cn.
49. ^ "Joint Communiqué concerning the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Cyprus and Antigua and Barbuda" (PDF). Olc.gov.cy. New York. 22 July 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
50. ^ "Antigua og Barbuda". Anitguabarbuda.um.dk.
51. ^ "Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations – Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Co-operative Republic of Guyana". Minfor.gov.gy. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
52. ^ "MEA - List of Extradition Treaties/Arrangements". Mea.gov.in.
53. ^ "MINISTRY OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS ORDER" (PDF). Mea.gov.in. New Delhi. 3 August 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
54. ^ "Antigua & Barbuda - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Dfa.ie.
55. ^ "Antigua and Barbuda - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Dfa.ie.
56. ^ "Israel's Diplomatic Missions Abroad: Status of relations". Archived from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
57. ^ https://foreignaffairs.gov.mt/en/Treaties+Series/Pages/Treaties+Documents/Antigua-and-Barbuba
Establishment-of-Diplomatic-Relations.aspx. Retrieved 30 January 2019. `{{cite web}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` (help)
58. ^ "Mexico's Relations with the Caribbean" (PDF). Sebado.gob.mx.
59. ^ "Inicio". Embamex.sre.gob.mx. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
60. ^ Trade, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and. "Caribbean". Mfat.govt.nz.
61. ^ "Antigua and Barbuda". Dirco.gov.za.
62. ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Latin America and Caribbean". Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
63. ^ "Relations between Turkey and Antigua and Barbuda". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
64. ^ "Relations between Turkey and Antigua and Barbuda". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
65. ^ "Relations between Turkey and Antigua and Barbuda". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
66. ^ "Antigua hits back at US on gaming". News.bbc.co.uk. 21 June 2007.
67. ^ "NO APOLOGIES: Spencer defends ties with Venezuela". Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2009.

* "U.S. Relations With Antigua and Barbuda". US Department of State. 7 February 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
* "Antigua & Barbuda Country Specific Information". US Department of State. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
* This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.
* This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.
* This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

## External links

[edit]

* History of Antigua and Barbuda – U.S. relations

* v
* t
* e

Foreign relations of Antigua and Barbuda

Americas|

* Colombia
* Mexico
* United States
* Venezuela

Asia|

* China
* India

Europe|

* United Kingdom

Missions|

* Diplomatic missions of / in Antigua and Barbuda

* v
* t
* e

Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)

Members|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Dominica
* Grenada
* Montserrat
* St. Kitts and Nevis
* St. Lucia
* St. Vincent and the Grenadines

* Caribbean portal

Associate members|

* Anguilla
* British Virgin Islands
* Guadeloupe
* Martinique

Financial institutions|

* East Caribbean dollar
* Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
* Eastern Caribbean Central Securities Registry
* Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange

Other institutions|

* Eastern Caribbean Civil Aviation Authority
* Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
* Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority

* v
* t
* e

Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America - Peoples’ Trade Treaty (ALBA-TCP)

Member states|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Bolivia
* Cuba
* Dominica
* Grenada
* Nicaragua
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Venezuela

* v
* t
* e

Foreign relations of the Caribbean

* British West Indies
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* Dutch Caribbean
* Caribbean Netherlands
* Netherlands Antilles
* French West Indies
* West Indies Federation

West
Indies|

| Antilles|

| Greater
Antilles|

* Cayman Islands
* Cuba
* Jamaica
* Navassa Island
* Puerto Rico

| Hispaniola|

* Dominican Republic
* Haiti

|

Lesser
Antilles|

| Leeward
Islands|

* Anguilla
* Antigua and Barbuda
* Guadeloupe
* La Désirade
* Les Saintes
* Marie-Galante
* Montserrat
* Saba^*
* Saint Barthélemy
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Sint Eustatius^*

| Saint Martin^|

* Collectivity of Saint Martin
* Sint Maarten

|

Virgin Islands|

* British Virgin Islands
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Southern
Caribbean|

| Leeward
Antilles|

* Insular Venezuela
* Federal Dependencies
* Nueva Esparta

| ABC islands|

* Aruba
* Bonaire*
* Curaçao

|

Windward
Islands|

* Dominica
* Grenada
* Carriacou and Petite Martinique
* Martinique
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

* Barbados†
* Trinidad and Tobago†

Lucayan
Archipelago|

* Bahamas
* Turks and Caicos Islands

Caribbean
Sea|

* Aves Island
* San Andrés and Providencia
* Bajo Nuevo Bank~
* Serranilla Bank~

Caribbean
continental
zone|

* Quintana Roo
* Cozumel

| Central America|

* Belize
* Honduras
* Bay Islands
* Izabal
* Limón
* Corn Islands
* North Caribbean Coast
* South Caribbean Coast
* Panama

|

South America|

* Colombian Caribbean
* Venezuelan Caribbean

Wider
groupings
may include:|

* Bermuda#
* Costa Rica
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Nicaragua

| Yucatán Peninsula|

* Campeche
* Petén
* Yucatán

|

The Guianas|

* Amapá
* French Guiana
* Venezuelan Guayana
* Guyana
* Guayana Esequibaǂ
* Tigri Areaǂ
* Suriname

N.B.: Territories in italics are parts of transregional sovereign states or non-sovereign dependencies.

^These three form the SSS islands that with the ABC islands comprise the Dutch Caribbean, of which *the BES islands are not direct Kingdom constituents but subsumed with the country of the Netherlands.

†Physiographically, these continental islands are not part of the volcanic Windward Islands arc, although sometimes grouped with them culturally and politically.

ǂDisputed territories administered by Guyana. ~Disputed territories administered by Colombia.

#Bermuda is an isolated North Atlantic oceanic island, physiographically not part of the Lucayan Archipelago, Antilles, Caribbean Sea nor North American continental nor South American continental islands. It is grouped with the Northern American region, but occasionally also with the Caribbean region culturally.
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