Foreign relations of Azerbaijan

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Politics of Azerbaijan

Constitution

* Constitutional court
* Human rights

Head of state

* President

Ilham Aliyev
* Vice President: Mehriban Aliyeva
* Office of the President

Executive

* Prime Minister

Ali Asadov
* Cabinet of Ministers

National Assembly

* National Assembly

Speaker: Sahiba Gafarova

Judiciary

* Judiciary

Administrative divisions

* Administrative divisions

Elections

*     * Presidential: 2013
* 2018
* 2024

*     * Parliamentary: 2015
* 2020
* 2024

* Political parties

Foreign relations

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Minister: Jeyhun Bayramov

* * *

* Diplomatic missions of / in Azerbaijan

* * *

* Nationality law
* Passport
* Visa requirements
* Visa policy

* * *

* Azerbaijan–European Union relations
* Azerbaijan–NATO relations
* Armenia–Azerbaijan relations
* Azerbaijan–China relations
* Azerbaijan–France relations
* Azerbaijan–Georgia relations
* Azerbaijan–Germany relations
* Azerbaijan–Iran relations
* Azerbaijan–Israel relations
* Azerbaijan–Italy relations
* Azerbaijan–Netherlands relations
* Azerbaijan–Poland relations
* Azerbaijan–Russia relations
* Azerbaijan–Spain relations
* Azerbaijan–Turkey relations
* Azerbaijan–Ukraine relations
* Azerbaijan–United Kingdom relations
* Azerbaijan–United States relations

Azerbaijan portal

* Other countries

* v
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* e

The Republic of Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, the World Health Organization, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; the Council of Europe, CFE Treaty, the Community of Democracies; the International Monetary Fund; and the World Bank.

## List

[edit]

List of countries which Azerbaijan maintains diplomatic relations with:

#  | Country  | Date[1]
1  |  Turkey | 14 January 1992
2  |  Liechtenstein | 21 January 1992
3  |  Switzerland | 21 January 1992
4  |  North Korea | 30 January 1992
5  |  Ukraine | 6 February 1992
6  |  Mexico | 10 February 1992
7  |  Spain | 11 February 1992
8  |  Austria | 20 February 1992
9  |  Germany | 20 February 1992
10  |  France | 21 February 1992
11  |  Poland | 21 February 1992
12  |  Saudi Arabia | 24 February 1992
13  |  Yemen | 25 February 1992
14  |  Bangladesh | 26 February 1992
15  |  India | 28 February 1992
16  |  United States | 28 February 1992
17  |  Guinea | 11 March 1992
18  |  Nigeria | 11 March 1992
19  |  United Kingdom | 11 March 1992
20  |  Iran | 12 March 1992
21  |  Libya | 16 March 1992
22  |  South Korea | 23 March 1992
23  |  Finland | 24 March 1992
24  |  Cuba | 27 March 1992
25  |  Egypt | 27 March 1992
26  |  Philippines | 27 March 1992
27  |  Syria | 28 March 1992
28  |  Iraq | 30 March 1992
29  |  Netherlands | 1 April 1992
30  |  China | 2 April 1992
31  |  Denmark | 2 April 1992
32  |  Greece | 2 April 1992
33  |  Russia | 4 April 1992
34  |  Israel | 7 April 1992
—  |  State of Palestine | 15 April 1992
35  |  Mongolia | 16 April 1992
36  |  Estonia | 20 April 1992
37  |  Hungary | 27 April 1992
38  |  South Africa | 29 April 1992
39  |  Sweden | 8 May 1992
40  |  Italy | 8 May 1992
—  |  Holy See | 23 May 1992
41  |  Moldova | 29 May 1992
42  |  Tajikistan | 29 May 1992
43  |  Luxembourg | 1 June 1992
44  |  Norway | 5 June 1992
45  |  Bulgaria | 5 June 1992
46  |  Portugal | 5 June 1992
47  |  Pakistan | 9 June 1992
48  |  Turkmenistan | 9 June 1992
49  |  Belgium | 17 June 1992
50  |  Australia | 19 June 1992
51  |  Romania | 19 June 1992
52  |  New Zealand | 29 June 1992
53  |  Thailand | 7 July 1992
54  |  Canada | 10 July 1992
55  |  Oman | 13 July 1992
56  |  Sudan | 25 July 1992
57  |  Sri Lanka | 4 August 1992
58  |  Guinea-Bissau | 27 August 1992
59  |  Morocco | 28 August 1992
60  |  Kazakhstan | 30 August 1992
61  |  United Arab Emirates | 1 September 1992
62  |  Japan | 7 September 1992
63  |  Ghana | 11 September 1992
64  |  Vietnam | 23 September 1992
65  |  Indonesia | 24 September 1992
66  |  Lebanon | 28 September 1992
67  |  Ethiopia | 2 November 1992
68  |  Georgia | 18 November 1992
69  |  Kyrgyzstan | 19 January 1993
70  |  Czech Republic | 29 January 1993
71  |  Jordan | 13 February 1993
72  |  Malaysia | 5 April 1993
73  |  Madagascar | 26 May 1993
74  |  Belarus | 11 June 1993
75  |  Albania | 23 September 1993
76  |  Brazil | 21 October 1993[2][3]
77  |  Argentina | 8 November 1993
78  |  Zambia | 18 November 1993
79  |  Latvia | 11 January 1994
80  |  Algeria | 22 April 1994
81  |  Singapore | 15 August 1994
82  |  Qatar | 14 September 1994
83  |  Kuwait | 10 October 1994
84  |  Mauritania | 29 October 1994
85  |  Guatemala | 1 November 1994
86  |  Seychelles | 2 November 1994
87  |  Chile | 3 November 1994
88  |  Gambia | 11 November 1994
89  |  Afghanistan | 16 November 1994
90  |  Nicaragua | 23 November 1994
91  |  Angola | 1 December 1994
92  |  Colombia | 12 December 1994
93  |  Honduras | 22 December 1994
94  |  Cambodia | 28 December 1994
95  |  Malta | 9 January 1995
96  |  Uruguay | 11 January 1995
97  |  Croatia | 26 January 1995
98  |  Bosnia and Herzegovina | 9 February 1995
99  |  Cameroon | 24 February 1995
100  |  Nepal | 28 February 1995
101  |  Burundi | 2 March 1995
102  |  Sierra Leone | 13 March 1995
103  |  Saint Kitts and Nevis | 22 March 1995[4]
104  |  Antigua and Barbuda | 5 April 1995[5]
105  |  Panama | 6 April 1995
106  |  Venezuela | 12 May 1995
107  |  Laos | 22 May 1995
108  |  Mozambique | 20 June 1995
109  |  North Macedonia | 28 June 1995
110  |  Uganda | 19 August 1995
111  |  Guyana | 1 September 1995[6]
112  |  Uzbekistan | 2 October 1995
113  |  Niger | 10 October 1995
114  |  Lithuania | 20 November 1995
115  |  Jamaica | 22 November 1995
116  |  Brunei | 24 November 1995
117  |  Slovenia | 20 February 1996
118  |  Senegal | 14 March 1996
119  |  Andorra | 30 April 1996
120  |  Liberia | 22 May 1996
121  |  Peru | 25 June 1996
122  |  Ireland | 1 July 1996
123  |  Bolivia | 8 July 1996
124  |  Mauritius | 19 July 1996
125  |  Gabon | 1 October 1996
126  |  Djibouti | 22 October 1996
127  |  Bahrain | 6 November 1996
128  |  Ivory Coast | 19 November 1996
129  |  Slovakia | 23 November 1996
130  |  Mali | 26 November 1996
131  |  Costa Rica | 15 January 1997
132  |  Serbia | 21 August 1997
133  |  Iceland | 27 February 1998
134  |  Tunisia | 1 July 1998
135  |  El Salvador | 23 March 1999
136  |  Myanmar | 3 August 1999
137  |  Benin | 14 October 1999
138  |  Suriname | 11 February 2000[7]
139  |  San Marino | 19 April 2002
140  |  Belize | 24 June 2002[7]
141  |  Haiti | 9 May 2003[7]
142  |  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 23 May 2003[7]
143  |  Cape Verde | 22 March 2004
144  |  Ecuador | 22 March 2004[7]
145  |  Somalia | 22 March 2004
146  |  Chad | 5 April 2004
147  |  Timor-Leste | 5 April 2004
148  |  Eritrea | 20 April 2004
149  |  Paraguay | 20 April 2004
150  |  Malawi | 21 May 2004
151  |  Burkina Faso | 28 May 2004
152  |  Kenya | 28 May 2004
153  |  Rwanda | 28 May 2004
154  |  Equatorial Guinea | 11 November 2004
155  |  Nauru | 11 November 2004[7]
156  |  Maldives | 15 June 2006[7]
157  |  Dominican Republic | 27 November 2007[7]
158  |  Monaco | 19 December 2007
159  |  Montenegro | 24 April 2008
160  |  Zimbabwe | 24 October 2008
161  |  Tuvalu | 9 September 2009[7]
162  |  Comoros | 1 January 2010[7]
163  |  Eswatini | 7 January 2010
164  |  Marshall Islands | 10 March 2010[7]
165  |  Saint Lucia | 11 March 2010[7]
166  |  Fiji | 18 March 2010
167  |  Grenada | 23 September 2010[8]
168  |  Togo | 28 December 2010
169  |  Solomon Islands | 8 February 2011[7]
170  |  Dominica | 4 March 2011[7]
171  |  Trinidad and Tobago | 11 April 2011[9]
172  |  Democratic Republic of the Congo | 23 September 2011
173  |  Lesotho | 28 September 2012
174  |  South Sudan | 23 October 2012
175  |  Bhutan | 7 February 2013
176  |  Bahamas | 2 May 2017[7]
177  |  Vanuatu | 22 September 2017[7]
178  |  Samoa | 19 January 2018[7]
179  |  Palau | 1 February 2018[7]
180  |  Republic of the Congo | 19 March 2018
181  |  São Tomé and Príncipe | 25 September 2018
182  |  Tanzania | 7 February 2019
183  |  Barbados | 2 August 2019[7]
184  |  Namibia | 17 October 2019
185  |  Papua New Guinea | 5 May 2023[7]
—  |  Cook Islands | 29 April 2025[10]

## Information on some of the countries with which Azerbaijan maintains formal relations

[edit]

### Multilateral

[edit]

Organization  | Formal Relations Began  | Notes

|
|

Council of Europe |  | See Azerbaijan in the Council of Europe

* Azerbaijan joined the Council of Europe as a full member on 25 January 2001.
* The Azerbaijani Permanent Mission to the Council of Europe is based in Strasbourg, France.
* The Council of Europe maintains an Office in Baku, Azerbaijan.

European Union | 1996[11] | See Azerbaijan–European Union relations

* Azerbaijan is not a member of the European Union.
* The Mission of Azerbaijan to the European Union is located in Brussels, Belgium.
* The Delegation of the European Union to Azerbaijan Office is located in Baku, Azerbaijan.

NATO | 1992[12] | See Azerbaijan–NATO relations

* Azerbaijan is not a member of NATO.
* Azerbaijan joined the NATO Partnership for Peace on 4 May 1994.
* The Azerbaijani Permanent Mission to the NATO is based in Brussels, Belgium.

Turkic States | 2009[13] | See Azerbaijan–Turkic Council relations

### Africa

[edit]

Country  | Formal Relations Began  | Notes

|
|

Burkina Faso | 31 May 2004[14] | See Azerbaijan–Burkina Faso relations
DR Congo | 23 October 2011[15] | See Azerbaijan–DR Congo relations
Djibouti | 22 October 1996[16] | See Azerbaijan–Djibouti relations
Egypt | 27 March 1992 |

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Cairo.
* Egypt has an embassy in Baku.

Ethiopia | 2 November 1992[17] | See Azerbaijan–Ethiopia relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Addis Ababa since 2013.

Gambia | 11 November 1994[18] | See Azerbaijan–Gambia relations
Kenya | 31 May 2004[14] | See Azerbaijan–Kenya relations
Libya | 16 March 1992[19] | See Azerbaijan–Libya relations
Morocco | 25 December 1992[20] | See Azerbaijan–Morocco relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Rabat since 2005.
* Morocco has an embassy in Baku.

Senegal | 14 March 1996[21] | See Azerbaijan—Senegal relations
South Africa | 29 April 1992[22] | See Azerbaijan–South Africa relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Pretoria.

Tunisia | 1 July 1998[23] | See Azerbaijan–Tunisia relations

### Americas

[edit]

Country  | Formal Relations Began  | Notes

|
|

Argentina | 8 November 1992[24] | See Argentina–Azerbaijan relations

* Argentina has an embassy in Baku.[25]
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Buenos Aires.[26]

Brazil | 21 October 1993[27] | See Azerbaijan–Brazil relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Brasília.[28]
* Brazil has an embassy in Baku.[29]

Canada | 10 July 1992[30] | See Azerbaijan–Canada relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ottawa.[31]
* Canada is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.[32]

Colombia | 13 December 1994[33] | See Azerbaijan–Colombia relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bogotá.
* Colombia has an embassy in Baku.[34]

Cuba | 27 March 1992[35] | See Azerbaijan–Cuba relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Havana.
* Cuba has an embassy in Baku.

Ecuador | 22 March 2004[36] | See Azerbaijan–Ecuador relations
Mexico | 14 January 1992[37] | See Azerbaijan–Mexico relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Mexico City.[38]
* Mexico has an embassy in Baku.[39]

Nicaragua | 10 February 1994[40] | See Azerbaijan–Nicaragua relations

* Azerbaijan is represented in Nicaragua through its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
* Nicaragua is represented in Azerbaijan through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.[41]

Paraguay | 20 April 2004[42] | See Azerbaijan–Paraguay relations

* Azerbaijan is represented in Paraguay through its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
* Paraguay is represented in Azerbaijan through its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.

Peru | 25 June 1996[43] | See Azerbaijan–Peru relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Lima.
* Peru has an embassy in Baku.[44]

United States | 1919,
28 February 1992 | See Azerbaijan–United States relations

On 25 December 1991 President George H. W. Bush announced that the United States recognized the independence of all 12 former Soviet republics, including Azerbaijan.[45]

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and has a consulate-general in Los Angeles.[46]
* United States has an embassy in Baku.[47]

Uruguay | 12 January 1995[48] | See Azerbaijan–Uruguay relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Montevideo.
* Uruguay is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.

Venezuela | 12 May 1995[49] | See Azerbaijan–Venezuela relations

* Azerbaijan does not have an accreditation to Venezuela.
* Venezuela has an embassy in Baku.

### Asia

[edit]

Country  | Formal Relations Began  | Notes

|
|

Armenia | 1918–1921

Armenia and Azerbaijan do not have formal relations since that time

| See Armenia–Azerbaijan relations, First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Second Nagorno-Karabakh war

The neighboring nations of Armenia and Azerbaijan have had formal governmental relations between 1918 and 1921, when both countries were briefly independent. The two nations have fought three wars in the 1918–20 (Armenian–Azerbaijani War), the 1988–94 (Nagorno-Karabakh War), and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, with the last two ending in ceasefire agreements - the Bishkek Protocol and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement respectively. There are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries, because of the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and dispute. In 2008, Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev declared, "Nagorno Karabakh will never be independent; the position is backed by international mediators as well; Armenia has to accept the reality," and "in 1918, Yerevan was granted to the Armenians. It was a great mistake. The khanate of Iravan was the Azerbaijani territory, the Armenians were guests here."[50]

During the Soviet period, many Armenians and Azerbaijanis lived side by side in peace. However, when Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the policies of Glasnost and Perestroika, the majority of Armenians from the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) of the Azerbaijan SSR began a movement to unify with the Armenian SSR. In 1988, the Armenians of Karabakh voted to secede and join Armenia. This, along with mutual massacres in Azerbaijan and Armenia resulted in the conflict that became known as the Nagorno-Karabakh War. The violence resulted in de facto Armenian control of former NKAO and seven surrounding Azerbaijani regions, which was effectively halted when both sides agrees to observe a cease-fire, which has since been in effect since May 1994, and in late 1995 both also agreed to mediation of the OSCE Minsk Group. The Minsk Group is currently co-chaired by the U.S., France, and Russia and comprises Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and several Western European nations. Despite the cease fire, up to 40 clashes are reported along the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict lines of control each year.[citation needed]

The two countries are still technically at war. Citizens of the Republic of Armenia, as well as citizens of any other country who are of Armenian descent, are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan.

If a person's passport shows any evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh, they are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan.[51]

In 2008, in what became known as the 2008 Mardakert Skirmishes, Armenia and Azerbaijan clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh. The fighting between the two sides was brief, with few casualties on either side.[52]

As of July 2020, the new round of military escalation along the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan continued, thus making it one of the most explosive regions in Eurasia.[53]

On 27 September 2020, a new military conflict emerged between Azerbaijan and Armenia.[54] The following day, on 28 September 2020, Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev signed a decree declaring a partial military mobilisation following clashes with Armenian forces over the Nagorno-Karabakh region.[55] An armistice agreement between the two countries was signed on 10 November 2020, returning control of the territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh to Azerbaijan.

On 8 August 2025, in a press conference at the White House, the leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan agreed to a peace deal, ending the conflict after over three decades.[56]

Bangladesh | 30 December 1991[57] | See Azerbaijan–Bangladesh relations

* On 30 December 1991, Bangladesh recognized the independence of Azerbaijan.
* Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 26 February 1992.
* Azerbaijan is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
* Bangladesh has a consulate in Baku.

China | 2 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan–China relations

* The PRC recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 27 December 1992.
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Beijing.[58]
* The People's Republic of China has an embassy in Baku.
* Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC: Relations with Azerbaijan

India | 28 February 1992 | See Azerbaijan-India relations

* India recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 26 December 1991.
* Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 28 February 1992.
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in New Delhi.
* India has an embassy in Baku.

Indonesia | 24 September 1992 | See Azerbaijan-Indonesia relations

* On 28 September 1991, the Republic of Indonesia recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
* On 24 September 1992, diplomatic relations were established between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Indonesia.
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Jakarta.
* Indonesia has an embassy in Baku.

Iran | 1918,
12 March 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Iran relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tehran. and a consulate general in Tabriz.
* Iran has an embassy in Baku. and a consulate general in Nakhchivan.
* Both countries are full members of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).
* Iran recognized Azerbaijan on 4 January 1992, upgraded its consulate in Baku to establish full diplomatic relations.[45][59]

Iraq | 2 January 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Iraq relations

* On 2 January 1992, Iraq recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
* On 30 March 1992, diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Iraq were established.
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Baghdad.
* Iraq has an embassy in Baku.

Israel | 7 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Israel relations

* Azerbaijan is one of the few majority Muslim countries to develop bilateral strategic and economic relations with Israel.[60]
* Israel was one of the first countries to recognize Azerbaijan on 25 December 1991.[61]

Japan | 7 September 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Japan relations

* Japan recognized Azerbaijan on 28 December 1991.
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tokyo since 12 October 2005.[62]
* Japan has an embassy in Baku since 21 January 2000.[63]
* Azerbaijan is a full member of the Council of Europe (CoE) and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Japan is an observer member of the CoE and a partner for co-operation of the OSCE.

Jordan | 13 February 1993[64][65] | See Azerbaijan–Jordan relations

* On 28 December 1991, Jordan recognized the independence of Azerbaijan.
* On 13 February 1993, a protocol on establishing diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was signed.
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Amman.
* Jordan has an embassy in Baku.

Kazakhstan | 27 August 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Kazakhstan relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Astana.
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in Baku since 16 December 1994.

Kyrgyzstan | 19 January 1993 | See Azerbaijan-Kyrgyzstan relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bishkek.
* Kyrgyzstan has an embassy in Baku.

Laos | 22 May 1995 | See Azerbaijan–Laos relations
Lebanon | 18 September 1992[66] | See Azerbaijan–Lebanon relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Beirut.
* Lebanon is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.

Malaysia | 31 December 1991 | See Azerbaijan–Malaysia relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Baku[67]
* Malaysia recognizes the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 31 December 1991 and on 5 April 1993 diplomatic relations were established.

Qatar | 14 September 1994 | See Azerbaijan–Qatar relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Doha.
* Qatar has an embassy in Baku.

Pakistan | 9 June 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Pakistan relations

* Pakistan was the second country to recognize Azerbaijan after Turkey following the dissolution of the USSR.
* Pakistan is among the first countries to open an embassy in Baku.[68]
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Islamabad.[69]
* Both countries are full members of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).
* Due to its support of Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Pakistan does not recognize Armenia as a state.[70]
* Azerbaijan has also expressed its support for Pakistan's stand on Kashmir.[71]

Palestine | 15 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Palestine relations

* Palestine has an embassy in Baku since 2011.

Philippines | 27 March 1992[72] | See Azerbaijan–Philippines relations

* Azerbaijan has a consulate in Manila.
* Philippines is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara.

Saudi Arabia | 24 February 1992[73] | See Azerbaijan–Saudi Arabia relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Riyadh since 1994.
* Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Baku since 1999.
* Due to its support of Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Saudi Arabia refuses to establish diplomatic relations with Armenia.[74]

South Korea | 23 March 1992 | See Azerbaijan–South Korea relations

* Azerbaijani embassy in Seoul.[75]
* South Korean embassy in Baku.[76]
* Bilateral Trade agreement was signed in 2014
* Exports US$269.5 million.
* Imports US$0.54 million.

Syria | 28 March 1992[77] | See Azerbaijan–Syria relations

Syria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.

Thailand | 7 July 1992[78] | See Azerbaijan–Thailand relations

* Azerbaijan is accredited to Thailand from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
* Thailand has a consulate in Baku.

Turkey | 14 Jan. 1992[79] | See Azerbaijan–Turkey relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ankara and Consulates General in Istanbul and Kars and Consular Mission in Iğdır.[79]
* Turkey has an embassy in Baku and Consulates General in Nakhchivan and Ganja.[79]
* Both countries are members of Asia Cooperation Dialogue, Council of Europe, Economic Cooperation Organization, International Organization of Turkic Culture, OIC, TAKM, Organization of Turkic States, TURKPA, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation and OSCE.
* Trade volume between the two countries was US$4.18 billion in 2019 (Azerbaijani exports/imports: 2.55/1.63 billion USD.[80]
* Azerbaijan-Turkey relations have been described as "one nation with two states" due to a common culture and the mutual intelligibility of Turkish and Azerbaijani.
* Turkey became the first state to recognize the Republic of Azerbaijan in November 1991.[79]
* Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Baku.

Turkmenistan | 9 June 1992[81] | See Azerbaijan–Turkmenistan relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ashgabat.
* Turkmenistan has an embassy in Baku.
* The Azerbaijan-Turkmenistan inter-parliamentary friendship group functions in the Milli Majlis (Parliament) of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Turkmenistan-Azerbaijan inter-parliamentary friendship group works in the Majlis of Turkmenistan.[82]

Uzbekistan | 2 October 1995[83] | See Azerbaijan–Uzbekistan relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tashkent.
* Uzbekistan has an embassy in Baku.

Vietnam | 23 September 1992[84] | See Azerbaijan–Vietnam relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Moscow.

Yemen | 25 February 1992[85] | See Azerbaijan–Yemen relations

* Yemen is accredited to Azerbaijan via its embassy in Ankara.

### Europe

[edit]

Country  | Formal Relations Began  | Notes

|
|

Albania | 23 September 1992[86] | See Albania–Azerbaijan relations

* Both countries are members of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and of Council of Europe.

Austria | 20 February 1992 | See Austria–Azerbaijan relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Vienna.[87]
* Austria opened an embassy in Baku in 2010.[88]
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).

Belarus | 11 June 1993 | See Azerbaijan–Belarus relations

* Before 1918, they were part of the Russian Empire and before 1991, they were part of the Soviet Union.
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Minsk.[89]
* Belarus has an embassy in Baku.
* Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
* Also Azerbaijan is a full member of the Council of Europe, Belarus is a candidate.
* Belarus is a full member of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), Azerbaijan is an observer member.

Belgium | 17 June 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Belgium relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Brussels.[90]
* Belgium has an embassy in Baku.
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).

Bosnia and Herzegovina | 19 February 1995[91] | See Azerbaijan–Bosnia and Herzegovina relations

* Bosnia and Herzegovina recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 9 February 1995. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries on the same day.[92]
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
* Bosnia and Herzegovina is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara.

Bulgaria | 5 June 1992 | See Azerbaijan—Bulgaria relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Sofia.[93]
* Bulgaria has an embassy in Baku.[94]
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC).
* Bulgaria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 14 January 1992.

Croatia | 26 January 1995 | See Azerbaijan–Croatia relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Zagreb[95]
* Croatia is represented in Azerbaijan through a non-resident ambassador based in Baku (in the Foreign Ministry).
* Croatia is represented in Azerbaijan through its embassy in Ankara (Turkey).
* Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Croatia
* Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration: list of bilateral treaties with Azerbaijan
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.

Cyprus |  | Azerbaijan formally recognizes the government of the Republic of Cyprus as the sole representative of the island, but has not yet established diplomatic relations with Cyprus. The parliament of Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic issued a resolution recognizing the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as a sovereign state. While this recognition is not regarded by Azerbaijan and internationally as 'official state-to-state', Azerbaijan itself maintained cordial unofficial relations with the TRNC. In 2004, Azerbaijan threatened to formally recognize the TRNC if the Annan Plan was voted down by the Greek Cypriots (who rejected the plan in one of twin referendums held 24 April 2004 in both the Greek and Turkish zones simultaneously), but backed off the threat when it was pointed out by Cyprus that doing so would be hypocritical, as a portion of its territory just like that of Cyprus itself is under occupation and would probably result in negative impact on its ongoing dispute with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh.[96]
Czech Republic | 29 January 1993 | See Azerbaijan–Czech Republic relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Prague, opened on 15 August 2007.[97]
* The Czech Republic has an embassy in Baku.
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
* The Czech Republic recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 8 January 1992.

Denmark | 2 April 1992[98] | See Azerbaijan-Denmark relations

* The Kingdom of Denmark recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 31 December 1991.
* Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 2 April 1992.[99]
* Denmark has a consulate in Baku.
* Azerbaijan is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in London.

Estonia | 20 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan-Estonia relations

* Estonia recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 20 February 1992.
* Diplomatic relations between Azerbaijan and Estonia have been established since 20 April 1992.
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tallinn.
* Estonia has an embassy in Baku.

Finland | 24 March 1992 |

* The Republic of Finland recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 30 December 1991.[100]
* Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 24 March 1992.[100]
* Azerbaijan is accredited to Finland from its embassy in Stockholm.
* Finland has a consulate in Baku.

France | 21 February 1992 | See Azerbaijan—France relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Paris.[101]
* France has an embassy in Baku.[102]
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).

Georgia | 1918,
18 November 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Georgia relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tbilisi. and a general consulate in Batumi.
* Georgia has an embassy in Baku. and a general consulate in Ganja.
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC).

Germany | 20 February 1992[103] | See Azerbaijan–Germany relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Berlin.[104]
* Germany has an embassy in Baku.
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).

Greece | 2 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Greece relations

* Greece recognized Azerbaijan's independence on 31 December 1991.
* The Greek embassy in Baku. was opened in the spring of 1993.[105]
* The embassy of Azerbaijan in Athens. was opened in August 2004.[106]
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC).
* Azerbaijani Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Greece Archived 4 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine

Holy See | 23 May 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Holy See relations

* Diplomatic relations with the Holy See were established on 23 May 1992.[107]
* Azerbaijan is accredited to the Holy See through its embassy in Paris, France.[107]
* The Holy See is accredited to Azerbaijan through its nunciature in Ankara, Turkey.[107]

Hungary | 27 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Hungary relations

* Hungary recognized Azerbaijan's independence on 26 December 1991.[108]
* Azerbaijan has en embassy in Budapest. since September 2004.
* Hungary has an embassy in Baku. since 12 January 2009.
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
* Azerbaijani Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Hungary

Iceland | 27 February 1998[109] | See Azerbaijan–Iceland relations

* Iceland recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 19 January 1992.[109]
* Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries on 27 February 1998.[109]
* Iceland is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Moscow.
* Azerbaijan is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in London.

Ireland | 1 July 1996 | See Azerbaijan–Ireland relations

* Azerbaijan is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).[110]
* Ireland is represented in Azerbaijan through its embassy in Ankara (Turkey).

Italy | 8 May 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Italy relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Rome.[111]
* Italy has an embassy in Baku.[112]
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).

Latvia | 11 January 1994 | See Azerbaijan—Latvia relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Riga.[113]
* Latvia has an embassy in Baku.
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). Both countries were former republics of the Soviet Union.
* Azerbaijan recognized the independence of Latvia on 30 August 1991.
* Latvia recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 8 January 1992.
* Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Azerbaijan

Lithuania | 27 November 1995 | See Azerbaijan—Lithuania relations

* Azerbaijan recognized the independence of Lithuania on 10 September 1991.
* Lithuania recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 20 December 1991.
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Vilnius.
* Lithuania has an embassy in Baku.
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
* Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Cooperation with Azerbaijan Archived 30 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
* Foreign Minister of Lithuania to pay official visit to Azerbaijan

Moldova | 21 December 1991[114] | See Azerbaijan–Moldova relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Chișinău.
* Moldova has an embassy in Baku.
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.

Montenegro  | 24 April 2008 | See Azerbaijan–Montenegro relations

Azerbaijan recognized the independence of Montenegro on 24 July 2006. On 24 April 2008, diplomatic relations between these two countries were established.

Netherlands | 1 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Netherlands relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in The Hague.[115]
* The Netherlands has an embassy in Baku.[116]
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.

North Macedonia | 28 June 1995[117] | See Azerbaijan—North Macedonia relations

* North Macedonia has an economic office in Baku.

Poland | 21 February 1992 | See Azerbaijan-Poland relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Warsaw.
* Poland has an embassy in Baku.
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.

Portugal  | 5 June 1992[118] | See Azerbaijan–Portugal relations

* Portugal recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 7 January 1992.[118]
* Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 5 June 1992.[118]
* Azerbaijan is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco.
* Portugal is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.

Romania | 21 June 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Romania relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bucharest.
* Romania has an embassy in Baku.
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.

Russia | 4 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Russia relations

* Russia has an embassy in Baku.[119]
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Moscow and consulate-general in Saint Petersburg. Azerbaijan also announced that it will open another consulate-general in Yekaterinburg.

Serbia | 21 August 1997 | See Azerbaijan–Serbia relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Baku.

Slovakia | 23 November 1993[120] | See Azerbaijan–Slovakia relations

* Azerbaijan has a consulate in Bratislava.
* Slovakia has an embassy in Baku.

Slovenia | 20 February 1996[121] | See Azerbaijan–Slovenia relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ljubljana.
* Slovenia has a consulate in Baku.

Spain | 11 February 1992[122] | See Azerbaijan–Spain relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Madrid.
* Spain has an embassy office in Baku.
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.

Sweden | 8 May 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Sweden relations

* The embassy of Sweden in Baku opened in 2014.[citation needed]
* Azerbaijan opened an embassy in Stockholm
* Currently, approximately 10 thousand Azerbaijanis live in Sweden, and in addition about 30 thousand Azerbaijanis from Iran.[vague]
* In 2006, a diaspora organization called «Odlar yurdu» was established in Sweden.[123]
* In 2010, the Congress of Swedish Azerbaijanis was established.[124]
* Sweden has an honorary in Baku.
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).

Switzerland | 21 January 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Switzerland relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bern.[125]
* Switzerland has an embassy in Baku.[126]
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
* Switzerland considers Azerbaijan an important country for economic development cooperation.[127]

Ukraine | 1919,
6 February 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Ukraine relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Kyiv.[128]
* Ukraine has an embassy in Baku.[129]
* Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Organization for Democracy and Economic Development (GUAM) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC).

United Kingdom | 1918,
11 March 1992 | See Azerbaijan – United Kingdom relations

Azerbaijan established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 11 March 1992.

* Azerbaijan maintains an embassy in London.
* The United Kingdom is accredited to Azerbaijan through its embassy in Baku.[130]

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, and the OSCE. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,[131] and an Investment Agreement.[132]

### Oceania

[edit]

Country  | Formal Relations Began  | Notes

|
|

Australia | 19 June 1992[133] | See Australia–Azerbaijan relations

* Australia is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Canberra.

New Zealand | 29 June 1992[134] | See Azerbaijan—New Zealand relations

* Azerbaijan is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
* New Zealand is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.

## International organizations

[edit]

* AsDB
* BSEC
* CE
* CIS
* DAC (participant)
* EAPC
* EBRD
* ECE
* ECO
* ESCAP
* FAO
* GUAM
* IAEA
* IBRD
* ICAO
* ICRM
* IDA
* IDB
* IFAD
* IFC
* IFRCS
* ILO
* IMF
* IMO
* Interpol
* IOC, IOM
* ISO (correspondent)
* ITU
* ITUC
* OAS (observer)
* OIC
* OPCW
* OSCE
* PFP (NATO)
* UN
* UNCTAD
* UNESCO
* UNIDO
* UPU
* WCO
* WFTU
* WHO
* WIPO
* WMO
* WToO
* WTO (observer)

### Other entities

[edit]

* Sovereign Military Order of Malta – there are no relations
* States with limited recognition

## Disputes

[edit]

### Nagorno-Karabakh

[edit]

See also: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

The frozen conflict over currently largely Armenian-populated region of Nagorno-Karabakh within the Republic of Azerbaijan began when in 1988 the Armenian majority of Nagorno-Karabakh demanded autonomy with demonstrations and persecutions against ethnic Azeris following in Armenia. This led to anti-Armenian rioting in Azerbaijan, with Azerbaijani militias beginning their effort to expel Armenians from the enclave. In 1992, a war broke out and pogroms of Armenians and Azeris forced both groups to flee their homes. In 1994, a Russian-brokered ceasefire ended the war but more than 1 million ethnic Armenians and Azeris are still not able to return. In 2023, an Azerbaijani offensive into Nagorno-Karabakh ended the conflict, with the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh conceding sovereignty to the government of Azerbaijan on January 1, 2024.

### Caviar diplomacy

[edit]

Main article: Caviar diplomacy

The European Stability Initiative (ESI) has revealed in a report from 2012 with the title "Caviar diplomacy: How Azerbaijan silenced the Council of Europe", that since Azerbaijan's entry into the Council of Europe, each year 30 to 40 deputies are invited to Azerbaijan and generously paid with expensive gifts, including caviar (worth up to 1,400 euro), silk carpets, gold, silver and large amounts of money.[135][136] In return they become lobbyists for Azerbaijan. This practice has been widely referred to as "Caviar diplomacy".[137]

ESI also published a report on 2013 Presidential elections in Azerbaijan titled "Disgraced: Azerbaijan and the end of election monitoring as we know it". The report revealed the ties between Azerbaijani government and the members of certain observation missions who praised the elections.[138] Azerbaijan's "Caviar diplomacy" at 2013 presidential elections sparked a major international scandal, as the reports of two authoritative organizations Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe/European Parliament and OSCE/ODIHR completely contradicted one another in their assessments of elections.[139][140][141][142]

Non-governmental anti-corruption organization Transparency International has regularly judged Azerbaijan to be one of the most corrupt countries in the world[142][143] and has also criticized Azerbaijan for the "Caviar diplomacy".[137][144]

At June 2016 the public prosecutor of Milan has accused the former leader of the (Christian) Union of the center and of the European People's Party of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Luca Volonte of accepting large bribes from representatives of the Azerbaijani government.[145] Two people with high-level experience of the Council of Europe's parliamentary assembly (Pace) have told the Guardian they believe its members have been offered bribes for votes by Azerbaijan. Former Azerbaijani diplomat, Arif Mammadov, alleged that a member of Azerbaijan's delegation at the Council of Europe had €30m (£25m) to spend on lobbying its institutions, including the Council of Europe assembly.[146] PACE ratified the terms of reference of an independent external investigation body to carry out a detailed independent inquiry into the allegations of corruption at the council involving Azerbaijan.[147]

#### ESISC report

[edit]

Main article: European strategic intelligence and security center

On 6 March 2017, ESISC (European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center) published a scandalous report called "The Armenian Connection" where it veraciously attacked human rights NGOs and research organisations criticising human rights violations and corruption in Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Russia.[148]

ESISC in that report asserted that "Caviar diplomacy" report elaborated by ESI aimed to create climate of suspicion based on slander to form a network of MPs that would engage in a political war against Azerbaijan.[149] In the Second Chapter of the report called "The Armenian Connection: «Mr X», Nils Muižnieks, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights" that was published on 18 April 2017 ESISC asserted that the network composed of European PMs, Armenian officials and some NGOs: Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, "Human Rights House Foundation", "Open Dialog", European Stability Initiative, and Helsinki Committee for Human Rights, was financed by the Soros Foundation. According to ESISC the key figure of the network since 2012 has been Nils Muižnieks, Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe and the network has served to the interests of George Soros and the Republic of Armenia.[150] "The report is written in the worst traditions of authoritarian propaganda, makes absurd claims, and is clearly aimed at deflecting the wave of criticism against cover-up of unethical lobbying and corruption in PACE and demands for change in the Assembly", said Freedom Files Analytical Centre.[148]

According Robert Coalson (Radio Free Europe), ESISC is a part of Baku's lobbying efforts to extend to the use of front think tanks to shift public opinion.[151]

European Stability Initiative said that "ESISC report is full of lies (such as claiming that German PACE member Strasser holds pro-Armenian views and citing as evidence that he went to Yerevan in 2015 to commemorate the Armenian genocide, when Strasser has never in his life been to independent Armenia)".[152]

## See also

[edit]

* Azerbaijan–European Union relations
* Azerbaijan–NATO relations
* Azerbaijan and the International Monetary Fund
* List of diplomatic missions in Azerbaijan
* List of diplomatic missions of Azerbaijan
* Visa requirements for Azerbaijani citizens

## References

[edit]

* CIA World Factbook 2000 and the 2003 U.S. Department of State website

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## Further reading

[edit]

* Valiyev, Anar: "Azerbaijan and the North Caucasus: A Pragmatic Relationship" in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 27
* Hübner, Gerald: "Foreign Direct Investment in Azerbaijan—the Quality of Quantity" in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 28
* Abbasov, Shahin: "Azerbaijan's Eurovision Story: Great Chances to Improve, But No Political Will" in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 32
* Mazziotti, Marius; Sauerborn, Djan; Scianna, Bastian Matteo: "Multipolarity is key: Assessing Azerbaijan's foreign policy"[3]

## External links

[edit]

* U.S. Embassy in Azerbaijan in Baku
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