Foreign relations of Serbia

Politics of Serbia

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President: Snežana Marković

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Aleksandar Vučić
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President: Jasmina Vasović

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Foreign relations of Serbia are formulated and executed by the Government of Serbia through its Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Serbia has established full diplomatic relations with most world nations – 189 UN member states and 2 non-member observer state, most recently with the Marshall Islands in 2024.

Serbia is a member of the United Nations, the International Criminal Court, the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Central European Initiative, the Central European Free Trade Agreement, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank Group, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the World Customs Organization, the Interpol, the International Organization for Standardization, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the International Olympic Committee, and other international organizations.

## History

[edit]

### Medieval Serbia

[edit]

Medieval Serbia’s foreign policy evolved from defensive autonomy under the Vlastimirović dynasty to ambitious expansion under the Nemanjić dynasty kingdom, and finally to desperate survival under the Serbian Despotate. Serbia balanced relations with Byzantine Empire, Bulgaria, Kingdom of Hungary, Republic of Venice, and the Ottomans, using alliances, marriages, and Orthodoxy to assert influence.[1] While achieving a brief imperial peak under Stefan Dušan, Serbia’s fragmentation and the Ottoman rise led to its eventual subjugation. Its foreign policy was marked by pragmatism, adaptability, and a persistent drive to unite Serb lands, leaving a lasting cultural and political legacy in the Balkans.

### Principality of Serbia

[edit]

Serbia gained its autonomy from the Ottoman Empire in the Serbian Revolution (1804–1817), although Ottoman troops continued to garrison the capital, Belgrade, until 1867.

The Principality of Serbia’s foreign relations were defined by its quest for independence from the Ottoman Empire, reliance on Russian support, and cautious navigation of Austrian influence. Serbia cultivated alliances with Principality of Montenegro and Kingdom of Greece, while relations with Bulgaria turned competitive. The Ottoman Empire, Austria (later Austria-Hungary), and Russian Empire, shaped Serbia’s options, with the 1878 Congress of Berlin granting independence but limiting territorial gains. Serbia’s diplomacy balanced nationalist aspirations with pragmatic cooperation, laying the groundwork for its later role as a Balkans power.[2]

Serbia explored alliances with other Balkan states to counter Ottoman and Austrian influence, however, its small size and economic dependence limited its diplomatic leverage.

### Kingdom of Serbia

[edit]

In 1882, Serbia was proclaimed a kingdom under King Milan I of the House of Obrenović, later succeeded by the House of Karađorđević.

The Kingdom of Serbia’s foreign relations was driven by its quest for territorial expansion and South Slavic unification. Serbia aimed to unite South Slavic territories, particularly those with Serb populations, under the concept of "Greater Serbia" or South Slavic unity (Yugoslavism). This ambition often put it at odds with the Ottoman Empire and Austria, which controlled Serb-populated regions like Bosnia and Vojvodina.[3][4][5]

In the First Balkan War, Serbia, alongside Greece, Bulgaria, and Montenegro, defeated the Ottoman Empire, gaining Kosovo and parts of Macedonia. The Second Balkan War against Bulgaria secured further territorial gains but deepened regional rivalry with Bulgaria.

Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908 deeply alienated Serbia. A trade dispute with Austria-Hungary, which imposed a customs blockade to pressure Serbia economically, highlighted Serbia’s dependence on external markets. Serbia countered by diversifying trade with France and Britain, strengthening Western ties. Russia, a fellow Slavic and Orthodox Christian state, provided diplomatic and military support, viewing Serbia as a counterweight to Austria-Hungary in the Balkans. Russia’s support was crucial during the July Crisis of 1914, when Serbia faced Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Serbia’s foreign policy was tested by Austria-Hungary’s invasion following the Sarajevo assassination. Serbia’s resistance, supported by Russia and France, led to initial victories but eventual occupation by 1915. Serbia’s government-in-exile in Corfu maintained diplomatic efforts, culminating in the 1918 creation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (initially Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes), achieving Serbian main goal of South Slavic unification.[6]

### Yugoslavia

[edit]

Main article: Foreign relations of Yugoslavia

### Yugoslav Wars and international isolation

[edit]

During the 1990s, Serbia was part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, comprising Serbia and Montenegro, formed in 1992 after the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The foreign policy, dominated by Serbia under President Slobodan Milošević, was heavily influenced by the Yugoslav Wars and international isolation.

Serbia provided support to Serb forces in Serb-populated areas across the former Yugoslavia, though it officially denied direct military involvement until the Kosovo War. This led to involvement in conflicts in Croatia (1991–1995), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995), and Kosovo (1998–1999). These actions strained relations with the international community and thus country faced severe international sanctions. This isolation was marked by ruptured diplomatic relations, and exclusion from international organizations (such as the UN, OSCE, and the Council of Europe) as well blocked access to international financial institutions (the IMF and World Bank), profoundly shaping Serbia’s foreign policy and global standing. The FR Yugoslavia was barred from the UN General Assembly in 1992, with its claim to be the sole successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia rejected. Instead, the UN declared the SFR Yugoslavia dissolved.[7]

Relations with Western countries, particularly the United States and key European nations, deteriorated sharply, culminating in the closure of the United States embassy in Belgrade in 1999 before NATO’s bombing campaign. The 1999 NATO bombing campaign, led by the United States, marked a low point, with the U.S. embassy remaining closed until 2001, reflecting a near-total suspension of formal diplomatic ties. Relations with Western countries, particularly the United States and key European nations, deteriorated sharply resulting in severing or reducing diplomatic presence in Belgrade. Germany, a key supporter of Croatian and Bosnian independence, recalled its ambassador in 1992, maintaining only minimal consular functions throughout the 1990s. The United Kingdom and France followed suit, with embassies operating at reduced capacity or closing during the Kosovo War. The 1999 NATO bombing campaign, marked a low point: the United States closed its embassy in Belgrade, reflecting a near-total suspension of formal diplomatic ties.

Facing Western ostracism, country sought support from traditional allies like Russia and Greece. Russia provided diplomatic backing, vetoing harsher UN measures and maintaining an embassy in Belgrade, though its support was constrained by Russia’s own post-Soviet challenges. Greece, despite EU membership, maintained relatively warm relations due to cultural and Orthodox ties, serving as a diplomatic bridge to the West. China also opposed NATO’s actions, particularly after the 1999 bombing of its Belgrade embassy, but its support was largely rhetorical. The Non-Aligned Movement, once a cornerstone of the Socialist Yugoslavia foreign policy, offered little practical support, as many member states aligned with the key western countries or remained neutral to avoid entanglement in the Yugoslav conflicts.

### Democratic transition

[edit]

In the 2000s, Serbia’s foreign policy has shifted dramatically from isolation to reintegration, with a focus on restoring and expanding diplomatic ties with Western countries. The overthrow of Milošević in 2000 marked a turning point, shifting from isolation to reintegration to the international community. Country was re-admitted to the United Nations as a new member soon thereafter while rejoining also the UN, OSCE and the Council of Europe as well as secured IMF and World Bank mebership.[8] Relations with Western nations began to thaw. Key EU states, including Germany, France, and the United Kingdom, reestablished full diplomatic relations, with embassies resuming normal operations. Germany, in particular, emerged as a key partner, investing heavily in Serbia’s economy. The relations with the United States were also restored with full diplomatic relations. The European Union became Serbia’s primary diplomatic focus, with the Stabilization and Association Agreement in 2008 and candidacy status in 2012 marking key milestones.

Montenegro’s independence in 2006 resulted in restoring Serbia as an independent nation after 88 years, with country being the sole successor state of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.

### Contemporary period

[edit]

Serbia since early 2010s have been pursuing a multi-vector foreign policy, balancing relations with the European Union, the United States, Russia, and China.[9] Former President of Serbia Boris Tadić referred to relations with the European Union, United States, Russia, and China as the four pillars of Serbian foreign policy.[10] This approach aims to maintain strategic autonomy.

The European Union remains central to Serbia’s diplomacy and by far the largest trading partner. Its accession process has been slow, with 22 of 35 negotiation chapters opened by 2025 and only a few closed. Key obstacles include rule of law reforms and "normalizing" relations with Kosovo. Public support for EU membership in Serbia has dropped to around 40% by 2025 due to perceived double standards of the EU and its key member-states towards Serbia.[11] Serbia condemned Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine while avoiding to align with EU sanctions against Russia, reflecting its neutral stance.

Country has maintained robust diplomatic ties with Western countries, but Serbia’s refusal to recognize Kosovo’s independence remains a major sticking point and its balancing act with non-Western powers (Russia and China, in particular) to some degree complicate relations with the United States and key European states.

Serbia relies primarily on Russia and China for diplomatic support on Kosovo issue. The 2016 strategic partnership agreement and country's focal role in the Belt and Road Initiative have deepened ties with China which has become second biggest trading partner as well as investor of numerous infrastructure projects in Serbia (like the high-speed railways, motorways, and the Belgrade Metro).

Serbia has worked to improve relations with those neighboring countries (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Albania) with which it has a long-standing historical tensions. However, relations with Croatia remain strained due to historical tensions, while Kosovo’s status fuels occasional flare-ups. Serbia supports the Open Balkan initiative, launched in 2019, to boost regional economic cooperation with Albania and North Macedonia.[12]

## Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Serbia maintains diplomatic relations with:

# | Country | Date[13]
1 |  Russia | 23 February 1838[14]
2 |  France | 19 March 1839[15]
3 |  United Kingdom | 7 February 1870[16]
4 |  Austria | 14 February 1874[17][18]
5 |  Bulgaria | 18 January 1879
6 |  Greece | 18 January 1879
7 |  Italy | 18 January 1879
8 |  Romania | 26 April 1879[19]
9 |  Turkey | 10 June 1879[20][21]
10 |  United States | 14 October 1881
11 |  Venezuela | 13 April 1882[22]
12 |  Japan | 15 June 1882[23]
13 |  Guatemala | 15 August 1882[24][25]
14 |  Portugal | 14 November 1882[26]
15 |  Hungary | 21 November 1882[27][28]
16 |  Belgium | 15 March 1886[29]
17 |  Netherlands | 26 April 1899[30]
18  |  Cuba | 4 November 1902[31]
19  |  Honduras | 20 February 1904[32]
20 |  Egypt | 1 February 1908[33]
21 |  Dominican Republic | 1 March 1912
22 |  Albania | 25 April 1914
23 |  Spain | 14 October 1916[34][35]
24 |   Switzerland | 10 December 1916[36]
25 |  Norway | 9 March 1917[37]
26 |  Denmark | 19 October 1917[38]
27 |  Sweden | 1 November 1917[39]
28 |  Czech Republic | 9 January 1919[40]
29 |  Poland | 19 September 1919[41]
– |  Holy See | 13 March 1920
30 |  Luxembourg | 23 August 1927[42][43]
31 |  Argentina | 29 February 1928
32 |  Finland | 7 August 1929[44]
33 |  Chile | 19 November 1935[45][46]
34 |  Iran | 30 April 1937
35 |  Brazil | 15 June 1938
36 |  Canada | 30 May 1941
37 |  Lebanon | 18 May 1946[47]
38 |  Syria | 18 May 1946[48]
39 |  Mexico | 28 May 1946
40 |  Pakistan | 15 May 1948
41 |  North Korea | 30 October 1948
42 |  Israel | 25 November 1948[49]
43 |  India | 5 December 1948
44  |  Uruguay | September 1950[50]
45  |  Paraguay | 17 December 1950[51][52]
46 |  Myanmar | 29 December 1950
47 |  Jordan | 25 August 1951[53][54]
48 |  New Zealand | September 1951[55]
49 |  Germany | 8 December 1951[56]
50 |  Ethiopia | 4 March 1952[57]
51 |  Costa Rica | 14 June 1952[58]
52 |  Iceland | 27 February 1953[59]
53 |  Panama | 26 March 1953[60]
54 |  Bolivia | 15 May 1954[61]
55 |  Indonesia | 4 November 1954
56 |  Thailand | 12 November 1954[62]
57 |  Afghanistan | 30 December 1954
58 |  China | 2 January 1955
59 |  Libya | 2 October 1955[63]
60 |  Ecuador | 10 January 1956[64]
61 |  Cambodia | 15 July 1956
62 |  Sudan | 13 September 1956[65]
63 |  Mongolia | 20 November 1956
64 |  Tunisia | 17 February 1957[66]
65 |  Morocco | 1 March 1957
66 |  Vietnam | 10 March 1957
67 |  Sri Lanka | 14 October 1957
68 |  Yemen | 28 December 1957[67]
69 |  Iraq | 23 July 1958[68]
70 |  Ghana | 10 January 1959[69]
71 |  Liberia | 15 September 1959[70]
72 |    Nepal | 7 October 1959
73 |  Guinea | 10 November 1959[71]
74 |  Central African Republic | August 1960[72]
75 |  Somalia | 8 September 1960[73]
76 |  Cyprus | 7 October 1960
77 |  Mali | 4 November 1960[74]
78 |  Togo | 7 November 1960[75]
79 |  Nigeria | 1960[76]
80 |  Sierra Leone | 27 April 1961[77]
81 |  Senegal | 31 May 1961[78]
82 |  Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1961
83 |  Tanzania | 9 December 1961[79]
84 |  Algeria | 2 July 1962[33]
85 |  Benin | 3 July 1962[80]
86  |  Burundi | July 1962[81]
87 |  Laos | 25 November 1962
88 |  Kuwait | 7 May 1963
89 |  Uganda | 31 July 1963[82]
90 |  Kenya | 12 December 1963[83]
91 |  Republic of the Congo | 28 March 1964
92 |  Mauritania | 12 June 1964[84]
93 |  Zambia | 23 October 1964[85]
94 |  Cameroon | 12 December 1965[86]
95 |  Gambia | 1965
96 |  Chad | 1966[87]
97 |  Australia | 25 April 1966
98 |  Colombia | 20 December 1966
99 |  Malaysia | 4 May 1967[88]
100 |  Singapore | 22 August 1967
101 |  Jamaica | 13 October 1968[89]
102 |  Ivory Coast | 15 June 1968[90]
103 |  Burkina Faso | 8 July 1968[91]
104 |  Malta | 6 January 1969
105 |  Peru | 12 December 1969[92]
106 |  Equatorial Guinea | 18 May 1970
107 |  Botswana | 5 September 1970[93]
108 |  Mauritius | 6 October 1970[94]
109 |  Madagascar | 4 June 1971[95]
110 |  Rwanda | 15 June 1971[96]
111 |  Bangladesh | 22 January 1972[97]
112 |  Philippines | 10 March 1972[98]
113 |  Niger | 17 March 1972[99]
114 |  Lesotho | 25 September 1972[100]
115 |  Gabon | 4 October 1973
116 |  Trinidad and Tobago | 25 March 1974[101]
117 |  Oman | 4 May 1974[102]
118 |  Guinea-Bissau | 10 May 1974[103]
119 |  Maldives | 1 March 1975
120 |  Mozambique | 10 June 1975[104]
121 |  Angola | 12 November 1975
122 |  Papua New Guinea | 21 May 1976
123 |  Suriname | 9 July 1976
124 |  Fiji | 30 July 1976[105]
125 |  Seychelles | 1 August 1976[106]
126 |  Comoros | 24 November 1976
127 |  Cape Verde | 1976
128 |  Barbados | 15 November 1977[107]
129 |  Ireland | 1977
130 |  São Tomé and Príncipe | 1977[108]
131 |  Grenada | 29 June 1978
132 |  Djibouti | 11 July 1978
133  |  Nicaragua | 10 August 1979[109]
134 |  El Salvador | 16 December 1979
135 |  Zimbabwe | 18 April 1980[110]
136 |  Haiti | 20 January 1984[89]
137 |  Bahamas | July 1988[111]
– |  State of Palestine | 5 April 1989[112]
138 |  Bahrain | 18 August 1989[113]
139 |  Qatar | 25 August 1989[114]
140 |  South Korea | 27 December 1989
141 |  Namibia | 21 March 1990[115]
142 |  Eswatini | 1 June 1990
143 |  South Africa | 2 April 1992[116]
144 |  Slovakia | 1 January 1993[117]
145 |  Ukraine | 15 April 1994
146 |  Armenia | 8 July 1994
147 |  Belarus | 15 November 1994
148 |  Uzbekistan | 18 January 1995
149 |  Moldova | 15 March 1995
150 |  Georgia | 26 June 1995
151 |  Tajikistan | 9 September 1995
152 |  North Macedonia | 8 April 1996
153 |  Turkmenistan | 26 August 1996
154 |  Croatia | 9 September 1996
155 |  Kazakhstan | 10 December 1996
156 |  Azerbaijan | 21 August 1997
157 |  Malawi | 13 February 1998
158 |  Kyrgyzstan | 25 June 1998
159 |  Slovenia | 9 December 2000[118]
160 |  Bosnia and Herzegovina | 15 December 2000
161 |  Lithuania | 22 December 2000[119]
162 |  Latvia | 19 January 2001[118]
163 |  Estonia | 9 February 2001[120]
—  |  Sovereign Military Order of Malta | 11 May 2001
164 |  San Marino | 3 April 2003
165 |  Liechtenstein | 4 April 2003
166 |  Montenegro | 22 June 2006
167 |  United Arab Emirates | 21 March 2007
168 |  Monaco | 31 May 2007[121]
169 |  Andorra | 1 June 2007
170 |  Dominica | 22 April 2010
171 |  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 26 May 2011
172 |  Brunei | 5 December 2011
173 |  Bhutan | 9 December 2011
174 |  South Sudan | 3 January 2012
175 |  Eritrea | 19 October 2012
176 |  Tonga | 22 February 2013[122]
177 |  Saudi Arabia | 17 April 2013
178 |  Vanuatu | 27 August 2018
179 |  Antigua and Barbuda | 28 September 2018
180 |  Saint Kitts and Nevis | 6 November 2018
181 |  Palau | 7 December 2018
182 |  Tuvalu | 4 April 2019
183 |  Belize | 24 September 2019
184 |  Nauru | 25 September 2019
185 |  Saint Lucia | 13 November 2019
186 |  Solomon Islands | 20 December 2021
187 |  Timor-Leste | 20 December 2021
188 |  Guyana | 22 September 2024[118]
189  |  Marshall Islands | 27 September 2024[118]

## Multilateral relations

[edit]

### European Union

[edit]

See also: Accession of Serbia to the European Union

Serbian foreign policy is focused on achieving the strategic goal of becoming a member state of the European Union (EU). Serbia officially applied for membership in the European Union in 2009, received a full candidate status in 2012 and started accession talks in 2014.[123][124][125] The European Commission considers accession possible by 2030. After initial popular support for country's entry, it has held unfavorable domestic approval with support weakening since 2014.[126] International support for their accession is similarly mixed with concerns over Serbia's claim over Kosovo, regional geopolitical tensions, foreign policy alignment with Russia, and domestic policies.[127][26]

### NATO

[edit]

See also: Serbia–NATO relations

Serbia proclaimed military neutrality in 2007.[128] The relationship between Serbia and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been regulated in the context of an Individual Partnership Action Plan. Serbia is the only state in the Southeastern Europe that is not seeking NATO membership, having been the target of a 1999 NATO bombing, but also due to the ensuing secession of and territorial dispute with Kosovo, as well as a close relationship with Russia.[129][130]

## Bilateral relations

[edit]

### Africa

[edit]

Country  | Formal relations began  | Notes

|
|

Algeria | 1962[131] | See Algeria–Serbia relations

* Algeria has an embassy in Belgrade.[132]
* Serbia has an embassy in Algiers.[133]

Angola | 1975[134] |

See Angola–Serbia relations

* Angola has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Luanda.

Cameroon | 1965[135] |

* Cameroon is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Berlin (Germany).
* Serbia is represented in Cameroon through its embassy in Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo).

Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1961[136] |

* Democratic Republic of the Congo has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Kinshasa.

Côte d'Ivoire | 1968[137] |

* Côte d'Ivoire is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).
* Serbia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Abuja (Nigeria).

Egypt | 1908[138] | See Egypt–Serbia relations

* Egypt has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Cairo.[139]

Ethiopia | 1952  | See Ethiopia–Serbia relations

* Ethiopia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
* Serbia has an embassy in Adis Abeba.

Ghana | 1959[140] |

* Ghana is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
* Serbia has an embassy in Accra.

Guinea | 1958[141] |

* Guinea has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia is represented in Guinea through its embassy in Accra (Ghana).

Kenya | 1963[142] |

* Kenya is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Paris (France).
* Serbia has an embassy in Nairobi.

Libya | 1955[143] | See Libya–Serbia relations

* Libya has an embassy in Belgrade.[144]
* Serbia has an embassy in Tripoli.[145]

Morocco | 1957 |

* Morocco has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Rabat.

Nigeria | 1960[146] |

* Nigeria has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Abuja as well as honorary consuls in Kano and Lagos.

Senegal | 1961[147] |

* Senegal is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Berlin (Germany).
* Serbia is represented in Senegal through its embassy in Rabat (Morocco).

Somalia | 1960[148] |

See Serbia–Somalia relations

* Serbia is represented in Somalia through its embassy in Nairobi (Kenya).
* Somalia has an embassy in Belgrade.

South Africa | 1992[149] |

See Serbia–South Africa relations

* Serbia has an embassy in Pretoria.[150]
* South Africa is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).

Tunisia | 1957[151] |

* Tunisia has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Tunis.

Zambia | 1964[152] |

* Serbia has an embassy in Lusaka.
* Zambia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Paris (France).

Zimbabwe | 1980[153] |

See Serbia–Zimbabwe relations

* Serbia has an embassy in Harare.
* Zimbabwe has an embassy in Belgrade.

### Americas

[edit]

Country  | Formal relations began  | Notes

|
|

Argentina | 1928[154] | See Argentina–Serbia relations

* Argentina has an embassy in Belgrade.[155]
* Serbia has an embassy in Buenos Aires.

Brazil | 1938[156] | See Brazil–Serbia relations

* Brazil has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Brasília.

Bolivia | 1952[157] |

* Bolivia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
* Serbia is represented in Bolivia through its embassy in Brasília (Brazil).

Canada | 1941[158] | See Canada–Serbia relations

* Canada has an embassy in Belgrade.[159]
* Serbia has an embassy in Ottawa and a consulate general in Toronto.[160][161]

Chile | 1935[162] |

* Chile is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
* Serbia is represented in Chile through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).[163]

Colombia | 1966[164] |

* Colombia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
* Serbia is represented in Chile through its embassy in Washington, D.C. (United States).[165]

Cuba | 1902[166] | See Cuba–Serbia relations

* Cuba has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Havana.

Ecuador | 1956[167] |

* Ecuador is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
* Serbia is represented in Ecuador through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).

Guyana | 2024[168] |

* Guyana is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Brussels (Belgium).
* Serbia is represented in Guyana through its embassy in Washington, D.C. (United States).[169]

Mexico | 1946[170] | See Mexico–Serbia relations

* Mexico has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Mexico City.

Panama | 1953[171] |

* Panama is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
* Serbia is represented in Panama through its embassy in Mexico City (Mexico).[172]

Paraguay | 1883[173] |

* Paraguay is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
* Serbia is represented in Paraguay through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).

Peru | 1967[174] | See Peru–Serbia relations

* Peru is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
* Serbia is represented in Peru through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).

United States | 1881[175] | See Serbia–United States relations

* Serbia has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and consulates general in Los Angeles and Chicago.[176]
* The United States has an embassy in Belgrade.

Uruguay | 1950[177] |

* Uruguay is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Bucharest (Romania).
* Serbia is represented in Uruguay through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).[178]

Venezuela | 1951[179] | See Serbia–Venezuela relations

* Serbia has an embassy in Caracas.[180]
* Venezuela has an embassy in Belgrade.

### Asia

[edit]

Country  | Formal relations began  | Notes

|
|

Afghanistan | 1954[181] |

* Afghanistan is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria).
* Serbia is represented in Afghanistan through its embassy in Tehran (Iran).

Armenia | 1993[182] | See Armenia–Serbia relations

* Armenia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Prague (Czech Republic).
* Serbia has an embassy in Yerevan.

Azerbaijan | 1997[183] | See Azerbaijan–Serbia relations

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Baku.

Bangladesh | 1971[184] | See Bangladesh–Serbia relations

* Bangladesh is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
* Serbia is represented in Bangladesh through its embassy in New Delhi (India).

Cambodia | 1956[185] | See Cambodia–Serbia relations

* Cambodia has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia is represented in Cambodia through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia).

China | 1955[186] | See China–Serbia relations

* Serbia has an embassy in Beijing and a consulate general in Shanghai.
* China has an embassy in Belgrade.

Georgia | 1995[187] |

* Georgia has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia is represented in Georgia through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).

India | 1948[188] | See India–Serbia relations

* India has an embassy in Belgrade.[189]
* Serbia has an embassy in New Delhi and an honorary consulate in Chennai.[190]

Indonesia | 1954[191] | See Indonesia–Serbia relations

* Indonesia has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Jakarta.

Iran | 1937[192] | See Iran–Serbia relations

* Iran has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Tehran.

Iraq | 1958[193] | See Iraq–Serbia relations

* Iraq has an embassy in Belgrade.[194]
* Serbia has an embassy in Baghdad.[195]

Israel | 1948[196] | See Israel–Serbia relations

* Israel has an embassy in Belgrade.[197]
* Serbia has an embassy in Tel Aviv.[198]

Japan | 1882[199] | See Japan–Serbia relations

* Japan has an embassy in Belgrade.[200]
* Serbia has an embassy in Tokyo and an honorary consulate in Osaka.[201]

Jordan | 1951[202] |

* Jordan is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
* Serbia is represented in Jordan through its embassy in Damascus (Syria).

Kazakhstan | 1996[203] | See Kazakhstan–Serbia relations

* Kazakhstan has an embassy in Belgrade.[204]
* Serbia has an embassy in Astana.

Kuwait | 1963[205] |

* Kuwait has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Kuwait City.

Kyrgyzstan | 1998[206] |

* Kyrgyzstan is not represented in Serbia.
* Serbia is represented in Kyrgyzstan through its embassy in Astana (Kazakhstan).

Lebanon | 1946[207] |

* Lebanon has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Beirut.

Malaysia | 1967[208] |

* Malaysia has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia is represented in Malaysia through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia).

Mongolia | 1956[209] |

* Mongolia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
* Serbia is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing (China).

Myanmar | 1950[210] | See Myanmar–Serbia relations

* Myanmar has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Yangon.

Nepal | 1959[211] |

See Nepal–Serbia relations

* Diplomatic relations between Nepal and Serbia (then constituent part of SFR Yugoslavia of which it is considered shared successor) were established in 1959.[212]

North Korea | 1948[213] | See North Korea–Serbia relations

* North Korea is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria).
* Serbia is represented in North Korea through its embassy in Beijing (China).

Pakistan | 1948[214] | See Pakistan–Serbia relations

* Pakistan has an embassy in Belgrade.[215]
* Serbia is represented in Pakistan through its embassy in Beijing (China).

Palestine | 1989[216] | See Palestine–Serbia relations

* Palestine has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia is represented in Palestine through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt).

Philippines | 1972[217] |

* Philippines is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).[218]
* Serbia is represented in the Philippines through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia).[219]

Qatar | 1989[220] |

* Qatar has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Doha.

Saudi Arabia | 2013[221] |

* Saudi Arabia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria).
* Serbia has an embassy in Riyadh.

South Korea | 1989[222] | See Serbia–South Korea relations

* Serbian has an embassy in Seoul.[223]
* South Korean has an embassy in Belgrade.[224]

Syria | 1946[225] |

See Serbia–Syria relations

* Serbia has an embassy in Damascus.[226]
* Syria has an embassy in Belgrade.

Tajikistan | 1995[227] |

* Serbia is represented in Tajikistan through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
* Tajikistan is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).

Thailand | 1954[228] |

* Serbia is represented in Thailand through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia).
* Thailand is represented in Serbia through its honorary consulate in Belgrade.

Turkey | 1879[229] | See Serbia–Turkey relations

* Serbia has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate general in Istanbul.
* Turkey has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate general in Novi Pazar.

Turkmenistan | 1996[230] |

* Serbia is represented in Turkmenistan through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
* Turkmenistan is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).

United Arab Emirates | 2007[231] | See Serbia–United Arab Emirates relations

* Serbia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
* The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Belgrade.[232]

Uzbekistan | 1995[233] |

* Serbia is represented in Uzbekistan through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
* Uzbekistan is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).

Vietnam | 1957[234] |

* Serbia is represented in Vietnam through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia).
* Vietnam is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Bucharest (Romania).

### Europe

[edit]

Country  | Formal relations began  | Notes

|
|

Albania | 1914[235] | See Albania–Serbia relations

* Albania has an embassy in Belgrade.[236]
* Serbia has an embassy in Tirana.[237]

Andorra | 2007[238] |

* Andorra is represented in Serbia through a non-resident ambassador based in Andorra la Vella (at the Foreign Ministry).
* Serbia is represented in Andorra through its embassy in Madrid (Spain).

Austria | 1874[239] | See Austria–Serbia relations

* Austria has an embassy in Belgrade.[240]
* Serbia has an embassy in Vienna and a consulate general in Salzburg.[241][242]

Belarus | 1994[243] | See Belarus–Serbia relations

* Belarus has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Minsk.

Belgium | 1886[244] | See Belgium–Serbia relations

* Belgium has an embassy in Belgrade.[245]
* Serbia has an embassy in Brussels.

Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2000[246] | See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Serbia relations

* Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate general in Novi Pazar.
* Serbia has an embassy in Sarajevo and consulates general in Banja Luka and Mostar, with consular offices in Drvar and Trebinje.

Bulgaria | 1879[247] | See Bulgaria–Serbia relations

* Bulgaria has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate general in Niš.
* Serbia has an embassy in Sofia.

Croatia | 1996[248] | See Croatia–Serbia relations

* Croatia has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate general in Subotica.
* Serbia has an embassy in Zagreb and consulates general in Rijeka and Vukovar.

Cyprus | 1960[249] | See Cyprus–Serbia relations

* Cyprus has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Nicosia.

Czech Republic | 1918[250] | See Czech Republic–Serbia relations

* The Czech Republic has an embassy in Belgrade.[251]
* Serbia has an embassy in Prague.

Denmark | 1917[252] | See Denmark–Serbia relations

* Denmark has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Copenhagen.

Estonia | 2001[253] |

* Estonia is represented in Serbia through a non-resident ambassador based in Tallinn (at the Foreign Ministry).
* Serbia is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Helsinki (Finland).

Finland | 1929[254] | See Finland–Serbia relations

* Finland has an embassy in Belgrade.[255]
* Serbia has an embassy in Helsinki.[256]

France | 1839[257] | See France–Serbia relations

* France has an embassy in Belgrade.[258]
* Serbia has an embassy in Paris and consulates general in Lyon and Strasbourg.[259]

Germany | 1951[260] | See Germany–Serbia relations

* Germany has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Berlin and consulates general in Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich, Stuttgart, and Düsseldorf.[261][262]

Greece | 1879[263] | See Greece–Serbia relations

* Greece has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate general in Niš.
* Serbia has an embassy in Athens and a consulate general in Thessaloniki.

Holy See | 1920[264] | See Holy See–Serbia relations

* The Holy See has an embassy in Belgrade.[265]
* Serbia has an embassy to the Holy See in Rome (Italy).[266]

Hungary | 1921[267] | See Hungary–Serbia relations

* Hungary has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate general in Subotica.[268][269]
* Serbia has an embassy in Budapest and an honorary consulate in Szeged.[270]

Iceland | 2000[271] | See Iceland–Serbia relations

* Iceland is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Berlin (Germany).
* Serbia is represented in Iceland through its embassy in Oslo (Norway).[272]

Ireland | 1977[273] | See Ireland–Serbia relations

* Ireland is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
* Serbia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).[274]

Italy | 1879[275] | See Italy–Serbia relations

* Italy has an embassy in Belgrade.[276]
* Serbia has an embassy in Rome and consulates general in Milan and Trieste.

Kosovo | No diplomatic relations or recognition | See Kosovo–Serbia relations

* Serbia has not recognized Kosovo as an independent state and continues to claim it as the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. It considers the declaration of Kosovo's independence illegal and has vowed since to fight its admission to international organizations.

Latvia | 1917[277] | See Latvia–Serbia relations

* Latvia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
* Serbia is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Stockholm (Sweden).

Liechtenstein | 2003[278] |

* Liechtenstein is represented in Serbia through embassy of Switzerland in Belgrade.
* Serbia is represented in Liechtenstein through its embassy in Bern (Switzerland).

Lithuania | 2000[279] | See Lithuania–Serbia relations

* Lithuania is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).[280]
* Serbia is represented in Lithuania through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland).

Luxembourg | 1927[281] | See Luxembourg–Serbia relations

* Luxembourg is represented in Serbia through a non-resident ambassador based in Luxembourg City (at the Foreign Ministry).
* Serbia is represented in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussels (Belgium).

Malta | 1969[282] | See Malta–Serbia relations

* Malta is represented in Serbia through a non-resident ambassador based in Valletta (at the Foreign Ministry).[283]
* Serbia is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and through an honorary consulate in Valletta.

Moldova | 1995[284] | See Moldova–Serbia relations

* Moldova is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria).
* Serbia is represented in Moldova through its embassy in Kyiv (Ukraine).

Monaco | 2007[285] |

* Monaco is represented in Serbia through embassy of France in Belgrade.
* Serbia is represented in Monaco through its embassy in Paris (France).

Montenegro | 2006[286] | See Montenegro–Serbia relations

* Montenegro has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Podgorica and a consulate general in Herceg Novi.

Netherlands | 1891[287] | See Netherlands–Serbia relations

* The Netherlands have an embassy in Belgrade.[288]
* Serbia has an embassy in The Hague.[289]

North Macedonia | 1996[290] | See North Macedonia–Serbia relations

* North Macedonia has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Skopje.

Norway | 1917[291] | See Norway–Serbia relations

* Norway has an embassy in Belgrade.[292]
* Serbia has an embassy in Oslo.[293]

Poland | 1919[294] | See Poland–Serbia relations

* Poland has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Warsaw.

Portugal | 1882[295] | See Portugal–Serbia relations

* Portugal has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia has an embassy in Lisbon.

Romania | 1879[296] | See Romania–Serbia relations

* Romania has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate general in Vršac.
* Serbia has an embassy in Bucharest and a consulate general in Timișoara.

Russia | 1838[297] | See Russia–Serbia relations

* Russia has an embassy in Belgrade.[298]
* Serbia has an embassy in Moscow.

San Marino | 2002[299] | See San Marino–Serbia relations

* San Marino has an embassy in Belgrade.
* Serbia is represented in San Marino through its embassy in Rome (Italy).

Slovakia | 1918[300] | See Serbia–Slovakia relations

* Serbia has an embassy in Bratislava.[301]
* Slovakia has an embassy in Belgrade.[302]

Slovenia | 2000[303] | See Serbia–Slovenia relations

* Serbia has an embassy in Ljubljana.[304]
* Slovenia has an embassy in Belgrade.[305]

Spain | 1916[306] | See Serbia–Spain relations

* Serbia has an embassy in Madrid.[307]
* Spain has an embassy in Belgrade.[308]

Sweden | 1917[309] | See Serbia–Sweden relations

* Serbia has an embassy in Stockholm.
* Sweden has an embassy in Belgrade.[310]

Switzerland | 1916[311] | See Serbia–Switzerland relations

* Serbia has an embassy in Bern and consulates general in Geneva and Zürich.[312][313]
* Switzerland has an embassy in Belgrade.[314]

Ukraine | 1994[315] | See Serbia–Ukraine relations

* Serbia has an embassy in Kyiv.
* Ukraine has an embassy in Belgrade.

United Kingdom | 1870[16] | See Serbia–United Kingdom relations

* Serbia has an embassy in London.[316]
* The United Kingdom has embassy in Belgrade.[317]

### Oceania

[edit]

Country  | Formal relations began  | Notes

|
|

Australia | 1966[318] | See Australia–Serbia relations

* Australia has an embassy in Belgrade.[319]
* Serbia has an embassy in Canberra and a consulate general in Sydney.

New Zealand | 1951[320] | See New Zealand–Serbia relations

* New Zealand is represented in Serbia through its embassy in The Hague (Netherlands).
* Serbia is represented in New Zealand through its embassy in Canberra (Australia).

Palau | 2018[321] | See Palau–Serbia relations

* Palau is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Tokyo (Japan).
* Serbia is represented in Palau through its embassy in Tokyo (Japan).

## See also

[edit]

* Serbia portal
* Politics portal

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia
* List of diplomatic missions in Serbia
* List of diplomatic missions of Serbia
* Serbia in intergovernmental organizations
* Foreign relations of Yugoslavia

## References

[edit]

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144. ^ "Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Libya embassy in Belgrade".
145. ^ "Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Serbian embassy in Tripoli". Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
146. ^ "Nigeria". www.mfa.gov.rs.
147. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/senegal
148. ^ "Somalia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
149. ^ "South Africa". www.mfa.gov.rs.
150. ^ "Serbian embassy in Pretoria". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
151. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/tunisia
152. ^ "Zambia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
153. ^ "Zimbabwe". www.mfa.gov.rs.
154. ^ "Argentina". www.mfa.gov.rs.
155. ^ Political relations with Argentina Archived 14 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia
156. ^ "Brazil". www.mfa.gov.rs.
157. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/bolivia
158. ^ "Canada". www.mfa.gov.rs.
159. ^ "Canadian embassy in Belgrade". International.gc.ca. Retrieved 3 June 2011.[permanent dead link]
160. ^ "Serbian embassy in Ottawa". Serbianembassy.ca. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
161. ^ "Serbian general consulate in Toronto". Gktoronto.com. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
162. ^ "Chile". www.mfa.gov.rs.
163. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/chile
164. ^ "Colombia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
165. ^ https://www.mfa.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/colombia
166. ^ "Србија и Куба – 120 година дипломатских односа". Politika Online. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
167. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/ecuador
168. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Serbia, Guyana established". The Government of the Republic of Serbia. 22 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
169. ^ "Other Countries RS- Guyana". www.mfa.gov.rs. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
170. ^ "Mexico". www.mfa.gov.rs.
171. ^ "Panama". www.mfa.gov.rs.
172. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/panama
173. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/paraguay
174. ^ "Peru". www.mfa.gov.rs.
175. ^ "United States". www.mfa.gov.rs.
176. ^ "Canadian embassy in Belgrade". International.gc.ca. Retrieved 3 June 2011.[permanent dead link]
177. ^ "Uruguay". www.mfa.gov.rs.
178. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/uruguay
179. ^ "Venezuela". www.mfa.gov.rs.
180. ^ Одлука о поновном отварању Амбасаде Републике Србије у Боливарској Републици Венецуели, "Службени гласник РС", број 93 од 19. августа 2022.
181. ^ "Afghanistan". www.mfa.gov.rs.
182. ^ "Armenia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
183. ^ "Azerbaijan". www.mfa.gov.rs.
184. ^ "Bilateral Issues with Foreign Countries: Bangladesh". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Serbia. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
185. ^ "Cambodia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
186. ^ "China". www.mfa.gov.rs.
187. ^ "Georgia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
188. ^ "India". www.mfa.gov.rs.
189. ^ Indian embassy in Belgrade Archived 10 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Updated 2021.
190. ^ Serbian embassy in New Delhi. Embassyofserbiadelhi.net.in. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
191. ^ "Indonesia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
192. ^ "Iran". www.mfa.gov.rs.
193. ^ "Iraq". www.mfa.gov.rs.
194. ^ "Embassy of Iraq in Belgrade, Serbia". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
195. ^ "Embassy of Serbia in Baghdad, Iraq". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
196. ^ "Israel". www.mfa.gov.rs.
197. ^ "Error-2010-f3". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
198. ^ "embassyserbia.co.il". Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
199. ^ "Japan". www.mfa.gov.rs.
200. ^ "在セルビア日本国大使館". Archived from the original on 4 December 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
201. ^ "Welcome to the home page of the Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in Japan". Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
202. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/jordan
203. ^ "Kazakhstan". www.mfa.gov.rs.
204. ^ Urazova, DinaraU. "Kazakh Embassy Opens in Belgrade." Tengri News. Tengri News, 6 June 2015. Web. 4 April 2016.
205. ^ "Kuwait". www.mfa.gov.rs.
206. ^ "Kyrgyzstan". www.mfa.gov.rs.
207. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/lebanon
208. ^ "Malaysia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
209. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/mongolia
210. ^ "Myanmar". www.mfa.gov.rs.
211. ^ "Nepal". www.mfa.gov.rs.
212. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
213. ^ "North Korea". www.mfa.gov.rs.
214. ^ "Pakistan". www.mfa.gov.rs.
215. ^ "Serbia-Pakistan Bilateral Political Relations". mfa.gov.rs. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011.
216. ^ "Palestine". www.mfa.gov.rs.
217. ^ "Philippines". www.mfa.gov.rs.
218. ^ GOVPH. "PH Consulate in Belgrade Opens For Filipinos in Serbia". Dfa.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
219. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/gradjani/putovanje-u-inostranstvo/vize-i-informacije-o-drzavama/filipini
220. ^ "Qatar". www.mfa.gov.rs.
221. ^ "Saudi Arabia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
222. ^ "South Korea". www.mfa.gov.rs.
223. ^ "Амбасада Републике Србије у Републици Кореји".
224. ^ "주 세르비아 대한민국 대사관". Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
225. ^ "Syria". www.mfa.gov.rs.
226. ^ "Official presentation of the Republic of Serbia in Damascus – Syria". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
227. ^ "Tajikistan". www.mfa.gov.rs.
228. ^ "Thailand". www.mfa.gov.rs.
229. ^ "Turkey". www.mfa.gov.rs.
230. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/turkmenistan
231. ^ "United Arab Emirates". www.mfa.gov.rs.
232. ^ http://www.tanjug.rs/news/79194/uae-to-open-embassy-in-belgrade.htm [permanent dead link]
233. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/uzbekistan
234. ^ "Vietnam". www.mfa.gov.rs.
235. ^ "Albania". www.mfa.gov.rs.
236. ^ "Vandals damage Albanian embassy in Belgrade". BBC. 29 March 1999.
237. ^ "Serbian charge d'affaires prepares to quit Albania". BBC. 20 February 2008.
238. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/andorra
239. ^ "Austria". www.mfa.gov.rs.
240. ^ Austrian embassy in Belgrade (in German and Serbian only)
241. ^ "Serbian embassy in Vienna (in German and Serbian only)".
242. ^ "Consulate General of The Republic of Serbia in Salzburg". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
243. ^ "Belarus". www.mfa.gov.rs.
244. ^ "Belgium". www.mfa.gov.rs.
245. ^ "Belgian embassy in Belgrade". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
246. ^ "Bosnia and Herzegovina". www.mfa.gov.rs.
247. ^ "Bulgaria". www.mfa.gov.rs.
248. ^ "Croatia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
249. ^ "Cyprus". www.mfa.gov.rs.
250. ^ "Czech Republic". www.mfa.gov.rs.
251. ^ "Czech embassy in Belgrade (in Czech and Serbian only)". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
252. ^ "Denmark". www.mfa.gov.rs.
253. ^ "Estonia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
254. ^ "Finland". www.mfa.gov.rs.
255. ^ "Suomen suurlähetystö, Belgrad". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
256. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in the Republic of Finland". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
257. ^ "France". www.mfa.gov.rs.
258. ^ "French embassy in Belgrade (in French and Serbian only)". Ambafrance-srb.org. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
259. ^ "Serbian embassy in Paris(in French and Serbian only)". Amb-serbie.fr. Archived from the original on 29 June 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
260. ^ "Germany". www.mfa.gov.rs.
261. ^ "Serbian embassy in Berlin (in German and Serbian only)". Embassy of Serbia, Berlin. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
262. ^ "Serbian general consulates in Germany (in German and Serbian only)". Konzulati-rs.de. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
263. ^ "Greece". www.mfa.gov.rs.
264. ^ "Holy See". www.mfa.gov.rs.
265. ^ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Holy See’s embassy in Belgrade
266. ^ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Serbian embassy to the Holy See
267. ^ "Hungary". www.mfa.gov.rs.
268. ^ "Hungarian embassy in Belgrade". Archived from the original on 20 May 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2009.
269. ^ "Hungarian general consulate in Subotica(in Hungarian and Serbian only)". Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2009.
270. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in Hungary". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
271. ^ "Iceland". www.mfa.gov.rs.
272. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/iceland
273. ^ "Ireland". www.mfa.gov.rs.
274. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/ireland
275. ^ "Italy". www.mfa.gov.rs.
276. ^ "Ambasciata d'Italia – Belgrado". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
277. ^ "Latvia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
278. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/liechtenstein
279. ^ "Lithuania". www.mfa.gov.rs.
280. ^ Dizaino Kryptis. "Lietuvos Respublikos užsienio reikalų ministerija – Lietuvos Respublikos užsienio reikalų ministerija". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
281. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/luxembourg
282. ^ "Malta". www.mfa.gov.rs.
283. ^ "Sorry. The page you are looking for does not exist" (PDF). Retrieved 19 February 2015.[permanent dead link]
284. ^ "Moldova". www.mfa.gov.rs.
285. ^ https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/monaco
286. ^ "Montenegro". www.mfa.gov.rs.
287. ^ "Netherlands". www.mfa.gov.rs.
288. ^ "Netherlands Embassy in Belgrade, Serbia". Archived from the original on 22 July 2010. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
289. ^ "Index of /~yuambanl". Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
290. ^ "North Macedonia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
291. ^ "Norway". www.mfa.gov.rs.
292. ^ "Norway – The official site in Serbia". Retrieved 15 January 2016.
293. ^ "Embassy of Serbia in Oslo". Archived from the original on 12 August 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2009.
294. ^ "Poland". www.mfa.gov.rs.
295. ^ "Portugal". www.mfa.gov.rs.
296. ^ "Romania". www.mfa.gov.rs.
297. ^ "Russia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
298. ^ Bilateral Political Relations with Russia, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia
299. ^ "San Marino". www.mfa.gov.rs.
300. ^ "Slovakia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
301. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in the Slovak Republic". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
302. ^ "Veľvyslanectvo Slovenskej republiky v Belehrade". Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
303. ^ "Slovenia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
304. ^ Serbian embassy in Ljubljana (in Serbian and Slovenian only) Archived 8 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine
305. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia Belgrade". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
306. ^ "Spain". www.mfa.gov.rs.
307. ^ "Home". Archived from the original on 19 November 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
308. ^ Spanish embassy in Belgrade (in Serbian and Spanish only) Archived 22 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine
309. ^ "Sweden". www.mfa.gov.rs.
310. ^ "Belgrade – SwedenAbroad". Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
311. ^ "Switzerland". www.mfa.gov.rs.
312. ^ "Serbian embassy in Bern". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
313. ^ "Generalni konzulat Republike Srbije u Cirihu". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
314. ^ "Embassy of Switzerland in Serbia". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
315. ^ "Ukraine". www.mfa.gov.rs.
316. ^ Diplomat Magazine (2 February 2018). "Serbia". Diplomat Magazine. Archived from the original on 19 May 2025. Retrieved 2 July 2025.
317. ^ "British Embassy Belgrade". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 27 September 2024. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
318. ^ "Australia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
319. ^ "Home". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
320. ^ "New Zealand". www.mfa.gov.rs.
321. ^ "Palau". www.mfa.gov.rs.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Schevill, Ferdinand. History of the Balkans (1922) online
* Stavrianos, L. S.  The Balkans Since 1453 (1958), a comprehensive scholarly history
* Trivanovitch, Vaso. "Serbia, Russia, and Austria during the Rule of Milan Obrenovich, 1868-78" Journal of Modern History (1931) 3#3 pp. 414–440 online

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Council of Europe

Institutions|

* Secretary General
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Members|

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Observers|

* Canada
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Former members|

* Czechoslovakia (1991–1992)
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* relations
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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

Members|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Canada
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
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* Turkey
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* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
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* Uzbekistan

Partners for
Cooperation|

* Afghanistan
* Algeria
* Australia
* Egypt
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Morocco
* South Korea
* Thailand
* Tunisia

Relations: OSCE-participating States|

* Armenia–OSCE relations
* Azerbaijan–OSCE relations
* List of ambassadors of Italy to OSCE
* List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to the OSCE
* United States Mission to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

Bodies and posts|

* Parliamentary Assembly
* Court of Conciliation and Arbitration
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* OSCE Minsk Group

Active field missions|

* Presence in Albania
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* Programme Office in Bishkek
* Programme Office in Dushanbe
* Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan
* Personal Representatives of the OSCE Chairperson-in-Office

Former field missions|

* Needs Assessment Team in Armenia
* Mission to Croatia
* Kosovo Verification Mission
* Community Security Initiative in Kyrgyzstan
* Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine

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Members of the Central European Free Trade Agreement

* Albania
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* Kosovo
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* North Macedonia
* Serbia

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Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)

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*  Georgia
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Countries and dependencies of Europe

Sovereign states|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia2
* Austria
* Azerbaijan1
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus2
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia1
* Germany
* Greece
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* Iceland3
* Ireland
* Italy
* Kazakhstan1
* Latvia
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* Portugal
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* Russia1
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey1
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* Vatican City4

States with limited
recognition

* Abkhazia2
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus2
* South Ossetia2
* Transnistria

Dependent
territories

| Denmark|

* Faroe Islands3
* autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark

|

United Kingdom|

* Akrotiri and Dhekelia2 (Sovereign Base Areas)
* Gibraltar (British Overseas Territory)

Crown Dependencies|

* Bailiwick of Guernsey
* Alderney
* Guernsey
* Sark
* Bailiwick of Jersey
* Isle of Man

Special areas
of internal
sovereignty

| Finland|

* Åland (autonomous region subject to the Åland convention of 1921)

|

Norway|

* Svalbard (unincorporated area subject to the Svalbard Treaty)

United Kingdom|

* England
* Scotland
* Wales
* Northern Ireland (country of the United Kingdom subject to the British-Irish Agreement)

* 1 Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.
* 2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.
* 3 Oceanic islands within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.
* 4 Governed by the Holy See which has sovereignty over Vatican City.

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Foreign relations of Europe

Sovereign states|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
*   * Italy
* Kazakhstan
* Latvia
* Liechtenstein
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* Vatican City

States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* South Ossetia
* Transnistria

Dependencies and
other entities|

* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Svalbard

Other entities|

* European Union
* Sovereign Military Order of Malta

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