Foreign relations of the Marshall Islands

Politics of the Marshall Islands

Constitution

* Human rights

LGBT rights

Executive

* President (list)

Hilda Heine

Legislative

* Legislature

Speaker: Brenson Wase
* Council of Iroij (consultative)

Judiciary

* Supreme Court

Chief Justice: Daniel N. Cadra
* High Court

Chief Justice: Carl Ingram

Elections

* Recent elections

* General: 2015
* 2019
* 2023

* Constitutional convention: 2017

* Political parties

Administrative divisions

* Inhabited municipalities

Foreign relations

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Minister

* * *

* Diplomatic missions of / in the Marshall Islands

* * *

* Passport
* Visa requirements
* Visa policy
* Compact of Free Association

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

The Republic of the Marshall Islands has established bilateral diplomatic relations with 112 countries. Regional cooperation, through membership in various regional and international organizations, is a key element in its foreign policy.[1]

The Marshall Islands became a member of the United Nations on September 17, 1991. The Marshall Islands maintains embassies in the United States, Fiji, South Korea, Japan, and the Republic of China (Taiwan). They also maintain a consulate in Honolulu, Hawaii and in Springdale, Arkansas, United States.

## Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which the Marshall Islands maintains diplomatic relations with:

# | Country | Date[2]
1  |  United States | 21 October 1986
2 |  Federated States of Micronesia | 26 February 1987
3 |  Australia | 8 July 1987
4 |  Israel | 16 September 1987
5 |  Fiji | 22 January 1988
6 |  Kiribati | 4 June 1988
7 |  New Zealand | 17 June 1988
8 |  Philippines | 15 September 1988
9 |  Papua New Guinea | 21 September 1988
10 |  Japan | 9 December 1988
11 |  Chile | 25 January 1990
12 |  Solomon Islands | 23 May 1990
13 |  Vanuatu | 1 August 1990
14 |  Tuvalu | 14 September 1990
15 |  Samoa | 22 October 1990
16 |  Nauru | 22 February 1991
17 |  South Korea | 16 March 1991
18 |  Germany | 23 September 1991
19 |  Peru | 14 November 1991
20 |  Cyprus | 17 November 1991
21 |  Maldives | 16 December 1991
22 |  Poland | 17 December 1991
23 |  Spain | 17 December 1991
24 |  United Kingdom | 2 February 1992
25  |  Sweden | 12 February 1992
26 |  Greece | 14 February 1992
27 |  Egypt | 2 May 1992
28 |  Vietnam | 1 June 1992
29 |  Costa Rica | 15 June 1992
30 |  Colombia | 5 August 1992
31 |  Russia | 6 August 1992
32 |  Singapore | 28 August 1992
33 |  Denmark | 17 September 1992
34 |  Norway | 18 October 1992
35 |  Slovenia | 19 October 1992
36 |  Saint Lucia | 1992
37  |  Iceland | 25 January 1993
38 |  Finland | 26 January 1993
39 |  Mexico | 28 January 1993
40 |  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 28 January 1993
41 |  Seychelles | 2 February 1993
42 |  France | 19 February 1993
43 |  Austria | 1 March 1993
44 |  Netherlands | 2 March 1993
45 |  Barbados | 23 March 1993
46 |  Argentina | 23 April 1993
47 |  Belize | 30 April 1993
48 |  Indonesia | 21 May 1993
49 |  Malaysia | 4 June 1993
50 |  Luxembourg | 20 July 1993
51 |  Italy | 24 September 1993
52 |  Thailand | 29 October 1993
53 |  Malta | 8 February 1994
—  |  Holy See | 30 December 1994
54 |  Portugal | 10 February 1995
55 |  Andorra | 23 February 1995
56 |  Kuwait | 27 September 1995
57 |  Cape Verde | 1 December 1995
58 |  Ukraine | 22 December 1995
59 |  Brunei | 17 January 1996
60 |  South Africa | 27 January 1996
61 |  Romania | 29 January 1996
62 |  Belgium | 29 May 1996
63 |  Turkmenistan | 8 October 1996
64 |  Mauritius | 23 October 1996
65 |  India | 2 February 1997
66 |  Canada | 14 August 1997
67 |  Palau | 1 August 1998
—  |  Republic of China | 20 November 1998
68 |  Slovakia | 29 January 1999
—  |  Sovereign Military Order of Malta | 3 May 2002
69 |  Switzerland | 22 January 2003
70 |  North Macedonia | 27 February 2003
71 |  Turkey | 11 April 2008
72 |  Czech Republic | 30 April 2009
73 |  Uruguay | 2 December 2009
74 |  Georgia | 18 February 2010
75 |  Tajikistan | 18 February 2010
76 |  Azerbaijan | 10 March 2010[3]
77 |  United Arab Emirates | 3 June 2010
78 |  Brazil | 27 July 2010
79 |  Morocco | 13 September 2010
80 |  Estonia | 12 July 2013
—  |  Cook Islands | 3 September 2013
—  |  Kosovo | 27 October 2013
81 |  Mongolia | 23 May 2015
82 |  Cuba | 28 September 2015
83 |  Monaco | 29 September 2015
84 |  Kyrgyzstan | 22 December 2016
85 |  Cambodia | 20 January 2017
86 |  Myanmar | 21 April 2017
87 |  Guatemala | 20 July 2017
88 |  El Salvador | 22 September 2017
89  |  Saint Kitts and Nevis | 18 December 2018
90 |  Kazakhstan | 12 February 2019
91 |  Eswatini | 15 April 2019
92  |  Nicaragua | 13 June 2019
93 |  Bosnia and Herzegovina | 23 September 2019
94 |  Dominican Republic | 23 September 2019
95 |  Croatia | 24 September 2019
96 |  Ecuador | 24 September 2019
97 |  Honduras | 24 September 2019
98 |  Liechtenstein | 24 September 2019
99 |  Lithuania | 24 September 2019
100 |  Timor-Leste | 25 September 2019
101 |  Algeria | 26 September 2019
102 |  Lebanon | 26 September 2019
103 |  Paraguay | 26 September 2019
104 |  Hungary | 27 September 2019
105 |  Ireland | 8 January 2021[4]
106 |  Latvia | 19 September 2022[5]
107  |  Tonga | 21 September 2022[6]
108  |  Jamaica | 23 September 2022[3]
109  |  Bulgaria | 12 June 2023[3]
110  |  Nepal | 23 June 2023[3]
111  |  Qatar | 12 July 2023[3]
112  |  Pakistan | 26 January 2024[3]
113  |  Suriname | 28 May 2024[7]
114  |  Benin | 2 July 2024[3]
—  |  Niue | 26 August 2024[8][9]
115  |  Saudi Arabia | 5 September 2024[3]
116  |  Panama | 23 September 2024[3]
117  |  Gambia | 25 September 2024[10]
118  |  Rwanda | 25 September 2024[3]
119  |  Burkina Faso | 26 September 2024[3]
120  |  Serbia | 27 September 2024[3]
121  |  San Marino | 28 September 2024[11]

## Bilateral relations

[edit]

Country  | Notes

|

India | See India–Marshall Islands relations

As per the Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India, India established diplomatic relations with Republic of the Marshall Islands in April 1995. Development assistance from India has included a grant of US$100,000 in June 2008 for a solar street lighting project in the capital city of Majuro and grant of 5 ITEC scholarships in November 2010. Marshall Islands has been supportive of issues of importance to India, particularly Indian candidature to international organizations. It supported India's candidature for the non-permanent membership of the UN Security Council for the 2011–12 term. Presently, there are about 10 Indian nationals in the Marshall Islands.[12]

Israel | See Israel–Marshall Islands relations
Kosovo | See Kosovo–Marshall Islands relations

The Marshall Islands officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on the 17 April 2008.[13]

Micronesia | See Marshall Islands–Federated States of Micronesia relations

The Marshall Islands and Micronesia share very good relations, as they are both bound by Compacts of Free Association with the United States.

Mexico |

* Marshall Islands does not have an accreditation to Mexico
* Mexico is accredited to the Marshall Islands from its embassy in Manila, Philippines.[14][15]

Palau | See Marshall Islands–Palau relations

The Marshall Islands and Palau share very good relations, as they are both bound by Compacts of Free Association with the United States.

South Korea | See Marshall Islands–South Korea relations

The Republic of the Marshall Islands and Republic of Korea have good diplomatic relations.

* Bilateral trade of both countries in 2020 were about 4.83 billion $.[16]

Turkey |

* Turkish ambassador in Canberra to Australia is also accredited to Marshall Islands.[17]
* Marshall Islands has an Honorary Consulate in Istanbul.[17]
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.[17]

United Kingdom | See Foreign relations of the United Kingdom

The Marshall Islands established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 2 February 1992.

* The Marshall Islands does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom.
* The United Kingdom is not accredited to the Marshall Islands through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Suva, Fiji.[18]

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court. Bilaterally the two countries have a Tax Information Exchange Agreement.[19]

United States | See Marshall Islands–United States relations

The Marshall Islands and the United States maintain a strong and stable relationship under the Compact of Free Association. The US has full responsibility in the country's defense, financial aid, and social services. In return, the U.S. provides healthcare services, security, and freedom of movement between U.S., American Samoan, and Marshall Islander citizens. In international politics, Marshall Islands has often voted with the United States with respect to United Nations General Assembly resolutions.[20]

* Marshall Islands has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and consulates in Honolulu and Springdale.[21]
* United States has an embassy in Majuro.[22]

## Human rights criticisms

[edit]

Hong Kong national security law
In June 2020, the Marshall Islands openly opposed the Hong Kong national security law.[23]

## See also

[edit]

* Compact of Free Association
* List of diplomatic missions in the Marshall Islands
* List of diplomatic missions of the Marshall Islands
* Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Countries with which the Marshall Islands has Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
2. ^ "LISTING OF ALL COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (As of 13 February 2019)". Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Diplomatic relations between Marshall Islands and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
4. ^ "Pat Bourne". 8 January 2021. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
5. ^ "On the margins of UNGA had a very good meeting with Foreign Minister of Marshall Islands Kitlang Kabua, we signed Protocol on the establishment of diplomatic relations and discussed mutual cooperation in the international organisations". 19 September 2022. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
6. ^ "President David Kabua had a pleasant meeting today with Prime Minister Siaosi Sovaleni and established diplomatic relations with Tonga. The Marshall Islands looks forward to improving bilateral relations & strengthening regional & multilateral partnerships with Tonga". 21 September 2022. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
7. ^ "Suriname en de Marshalleilanden vestigen diplomatieke betrekkingen". gov.sr (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 January 2025.
8. ^ "Niue establishes Diplomatic Relations with Marshall Islands Government". 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
9. ^ "Government of Niue establishes diplomatic relations with the Republic of the Marshall Islands". Office of the Secretary of Government NIUE on Facebook. 26 August 2024. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
10. ^ "The Republic of the Marshall Islands Established Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of The Gambia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Republic of the Marshall Islands on Facebook. 29 September 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
11. ^ "The Republic of the Marshall Islands Establish Diplomatic Relations with San Marino". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Republic of the Marshall Islands on Facebook. 30 September 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
12. ^ "Embassy /High Commission /Consulate General of India". Archived from the original on 2021-09-02. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
13. ^ Republic of the Marshall Islands has recognised Kosovo Archived 2013-10-22 at the Wayback Machine, New Kosova Report, 2008-04-17
14. ^ "Embassy of Mexico in the Philippines". Archived from the original on 2021-07-20. Retrieved 2017-07-21.
15. ^ Relations between Mexico and Asia: The Philippines (in Spanish)[permanent dead link‍]
16. ^ "Search | Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea". Archived from the original on 2023-08-10. Retrieved 2023-08-10.
17. ^ a b c "Relations between Turkey and Marshall Islands". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
18. ^ "British Embassy Marshall Islands". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 14 May 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
19. ^ HM Revenue & Customs (8 November 2017). "UK-Marshall Islands Tax Information Exchange Agreement: exchange of information - in force". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 30 January 2025. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
20. ^ General Assembly – Overall Votes – Comparison with U.S. vote Archived 2019-12-02 at the Wayback Machine lists Marshall Islands as in the country with the second high coincidence of votes. Micronesia has always been in the top two.
21. ^ "Embassy of the Marshall Islands in the United States". Archived from the original on 2021-12-02. Retrieved 2006-02-15.
22. ^ "Embassy of the United States in the Marshall Islands". Archived from the original on 2021-11-27. Retrieved 2017-07-21.
23. ^ Lawler, Dave (2 July 2020). "The 53 countries supporting China's crackdown on Hong Kong". Axios. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2020.

## External links

[edit]

* Permanent Mission of the Republic of the Marshall Islands to the United Nations
* RMI Embassy to the U.S. Archived 2017-05-31 at the Wayback Machine
* US Embassy in Majuro

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