Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa

The Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa (FLMSA) is a loosely organized regional political international of seven political parties which were involved in the African nationalist movements against colonialism and white-minority rule in Southern Africa. It has its roots in the Frontline States, a loose coalition of African countries from the 1960s to the early 1990s committed to ending apartheid and white minority rule in South Africa and Rhodesia.[1] Its original members are the African National Congress (South Africa), Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Tanzania), FRELIMO (Mozambique), the MPLA (Angola), SWAPO (Namibia), and ZAPU and ZANU–PF (Zimbabwe).[2] In 2019, the Botswana Democratic Party, joined the FLMSA.[2][3]

## Members

[edit]

Party | Abbreviation | Country  | Established  | National legislature seats

|
|
|
|

Lower house  | Upper house
African National Congress | ANC |  South Africa | 1912  |

159 / 400

43 / 90

Botswana Democratic Party | BDP |  Botswana | 1961  |

4 / 69

Chama Cha Mapinduzi | CCM |  Tanzania | 1977  |

362 / 393

Liberation Front of Mozambique | FRELIMO |  Mozambique | 1962  |

184 / 250

People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola | MPLA |  Angola | 1956  |

124 / 220

SWAPO Party of Namibia | SWAPO |  Namibia | 1960  |

63 / 104

28 / 42

Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front | ZANU–PF |  Zimbabwe | 1963  |

179 / 270

34 / 80

## Summits

[edit]

City | Country | Date  | Ref.

|
|
|

Johannesburg |  South Africa | October 2000  | [4]
Harare |  Zimbabwe | 2001  | [4]
Johannesburg |  South Africa | 25 November 2008  | [5]
Dar es Salaam |  Tanzania | 4 May 2010  | [1][6]
Windhoek |  Namibia | 11 August 2011  | [1][7]
Pretoria |  South Africa | 6–9 March 2013  | [5][7]
Dar es Salaam |  Tanzania | October 2013  | [8][9]
Maputo |  Mozambique | 20 November 2015  | [10]
Victoria Falls |  Zimbabwe | 4–8 May 2016  | [11]
|  Zimbabwe | December 2017  | [12][13]
Windhoek |  Namibia | 20–22 November 2018  | [14]
Victoria Falls |  Zimbabwe | 8–12 September 2019  | [15]

## See also

[edit]

* Southern African Development Community
* Frontline States

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c "President in SA for former liberation movements meeting". The Herald. 7 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
2. ^ a b Matanda, Dennis (19 March 2021). "Decoding China's Africa Strategy beyond 2021: A Discussion with Paul Nantulya". The Habari Network. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
3. ^ "Obert Mpofu attends Botswana Democratic Party congress". Bulawayo24 News. 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
4. ^ a b Tendi, Blessing-Miles (2010). Making History in Mugabe's Zimbabwe: Politics, Intellectuals, and the Media. Bern: Peter Lang. p. 102\. ISBN 978-3-03911-989-9.
5. ^ a b "Meeting of Former Liberation Movements: 06-09 March 2013". African National Congress. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
6. ^ "Summit for Liberation Movements Begins". The Herald. 5 May 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2023 - via allAfrica.
7. ^ a b "NLMs commend Zanu-PF for its leadership". Politicsweb. 10 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
8. ^ Robi, Anne (10 October 2013). "African govts urged to embrace people's interests". Daily News. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
9. ^ Mataire, Lovemore Ranga (5 December 2015). "Ex-liberation movements rule Southern Africa". The Southern Times. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
10. ^ "Former liberation movements stress economic cooperation". The Zimbabwean. 22 November 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
11. ^ Fabricius, Peter (1 February 2018). "A wind of change blows through Southern Africa". Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
12. ^ Fabricius, Peter (15 December 2017). "When 'democracy' becomes 'regime change'". Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
13. ^ Nantulya, Paul (30 August 2018). "Grand Strategy and China's Soft Power Push in Africa". WATHI. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
14. ^ "Namibia to host SADC liberation movements summit | nbc". NBC. 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
15. ^ "Ramaphosa, Magufuli, Masisi, Geingob, Nyusi, Lourenço and Mnangagwa to attend FLM summit in Vitoria Falls, Zimbabwe". Club of Mozambique. 4 September 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2023.

## External links

[edit]

* 6th Meeting in Tanzania
* Communique on the meeting of the Heads of Political parties of former liberation movements, March 2013

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* t
* e

Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa

* ANC
* BDP
* CCM
* FRELIMO
* MPLA
* SWAPO
* ZANU–PF

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