Forms of address in the United Kingdom

Forms of address used in the United Kingdom are given below.

## Terminology

[edit]

### Abbreviations

[edit]

Several terms have been abbreviated in the tables below. The forms used in the table are given first, followed by alternative acceptable abbreviations in parentheses. The punctuation of each abbreviation depends on the source. For example, the punctuation of "The Rt Hon" is not consistent throughout sources. The Gazette favours "The Rt. Hon.", while the government usually prefers "The Rt Hon" or "The Rt Hon."

* His/Her Majesty: HM (pl. TM)
* His/Her Royal Highness: HRH (pl. TRH)
* His/Her Grace: HG (pl. TG)
* The Most Honourable: The Most Hon (The Most Honble)
* The Right Honourable: The Rt Hon (The Rt Honble)
* The Honourable: The Hon (The Honble)
* The Much Honoured: The Much Hon (The Much Hon'd)
* The Most Reverend: The Most Rev (The Most Revd or The Most Rev'd)
* The Right Reverend: The Rt Rev (The Rt Revd or The Rt Rev'd)
* The Very Reverend: The Very Rev (The Very Revd or The Very Rev'd)
* The Reverend: The Rev (The Revd or The Rev'd)
* The Venerable: The Ven (The Venble)

"The Most Noble", which is an abbreviation of "The Most High, Potent, and Noble",[1] is rarely used by Dukes and Duchesses; when used, the forenames of the peer or peeress can be used after "His Grace" but before "The Duke of [...]".[2] This style is also sometimes used without "His Grace".[3]

### Names and territorial designations

[edit]

* "London" represents the territorial designation of any peerage.
* "Edinburgh" represents any territorial designation in Scotland.
* "Birmingham" represents any manor in England or Wales.
* "John" and "William" represent any male name
* "Jane" and "Mary" represent any female name.
* "Smith" and "Brown" represent any surname, regardless of gender.

In regards to the nobility, Mary Brown represents a woman who married John Brown, while Jane Smith represents an unmarried woman.

## Royalty

[edit]

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address

|
|
|

King | HM The King | Your Majesty | Your Majesty, and thereafter as "Sir"
(or the archaic "Sire")
Queen | HM The Queen | Your Majesty, and thereafter as "Ma'am"
(to rhyme with "jam")[4][5]
Prince of Wales | HRH The Prince of Wales
HRH The Duke of Rothesay (in Scotland) | Your Royal Highness | Your Royal Highness, and thereafter as
"Sir" (for males) or "Ma'am" (for females)
Princess of Wales | HRH The Princess of Wales
HRH The Duchess of Rothesay (in Scotland)
Princess Royal | HRH The Princess Royal
Royal peer | HRH The Duke/etc. of London, e.g. HRH The Duke of Edinburgh
Royal peeress | HRH The Duchess/etc. of London, e.g. HRH The Duchess of Edinburgh
Sovereign's son
(unless a peer)

Spouse to Queen suo jure
(in the case of Prince Philip)

| HRH The Prince John
Sovereign's son's wife
(unless a peeress) | HRH The Princess John
Sovereign's daughter
(unless a peeress) | HRH The Princess Mary
Sons of the Prince of Wales
(unless a peer) | HRH Prince John of Wales, e.g. HRH Prince George of Wales
Daughters of the Prince of Wales
(unless a peer) | HRH Princess Mary of Wales, e.g. HRH Princess Charlotte of Wales
Sovereign's son's son
Prince of Wales's eldest son's sons
(unless a peer) | HRH Prince John of London, e.g. HRH Prince Michael of Kent
Sovereign's son's son's wife
(unless a peeress) | HRH Princess John of London, e.g. HRH Princess Michael of Kent
Sovereign's son's daughter
Prince of Wales's eldest son's daughters
if unmarried (unless a peeress) | HRH Princess Mary of London, e.g. HRH Princess Lilibet of Sussex
Sovereign's son's daughter
Prince of Wales's eldest son's daughters
if married (unless a peeress) | HRH Princess Mary, Mrs John Brown, e.g. HRH Princess Beatrice, Mrs Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi
Sovereign's son's son's son
(unless a peer)
(except sons of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales) | The Lord John Windsor, e.g. The Lord Nicholas Windsor | Dear Lord John | Lord John
Sovereign's son's son's son's wife
(unless a peeress) | The Lady John Windsor, e.g. The Lady Nicholas Windsor | Dear Lady John | Lady John
Sovereign's son's son's daughter
(unless a peeress)
(except daughters of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales) | The Lady Mary Windsor, e.g. The Lady Helen Taylor | Dear Lady Mary | Lady Mary

## Nobility

[edit]

The preposition of may be omitted in the form of Marquessates and Earldoms and included in the form of Scottish Viscountcies. It is not often present in peerage Baronies and Lordships of Parliament, though always present in Dukedoms and Scottish feudal Baronies.

The definite article the in the middle of two or more titles is sometimes capitalized, as in these tables. However this is controversial: traditional British guides use the lower-case the. As a single example, Debrett's gives "Major-General the Lord ...",[6] and Pears' Cyclopaedia in the section on Modes of Address gives several examples where the definite article interior to a list of honours is lower case.[7]

### Peers and peeresses

[edit]

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter[a] | Oral address

|
|
|

Duke | (The Most Noble) (His Grace) The Duke of London  | My Lord Duke or
Dear Duke (of London) | Your Grace or
Duke[8]
Duchess | (The Most Noble) (Her Grace) The Duchess of London | Madam or
Dear Duchess (of London) | Your Grace or
Duchess[9]
Marquess | (The Most Hon) The Marquess (of) London | My Lord Marquess or
Dear Lord London | My Lord or
Your Lordship or
Lord London
Marchioness | (The Most Hon) The Marchioness (of) London | Madam or
Dear Lady London | My Lady[10] or
Your Ladyship or
Lady London
Earl | (The Rt Hon) The Earl (of) London | My Lord or
Dear Lord London | My Lord or
Your Lordship or
Lord London
Countess | (The Rt Hon) The Countess (of) London | Madam or
Dear Lady London | My Lady[10] or
Your Ladyship or
Lady London
Viscount | (The Rt Hon) The Viscount (of) London | My Lord or
Dear Lord London | My Lord or
Your Lordship or
Lord London
Viscountess | (The Rt Hon) The Viscountess (of) London | Madam or
Dear Lady London | My Lady[10] or
Your Ladyship or
Lady London
Baron
Lord of Parliament | (The Rt Hon) The Lord London | My Lord or
Dear Lord London | My Lord or
Your Lordship or
Lord London
Baroness (in her own right) | (The Rt Hon) The Baroness London or
(The Rt Hon) The Lady London[b] | Madam or
Dear Lady London | My Lady[10] or
Your Ladyship or
Lady London

Baroness (in her husband's right)
Lady of Parliament (in her or her husband's right) | (The Rt Hon) The Lady London | Madam or
Dear Lady London | My Lady[10] or
Your Ladyship or
Lady London

### Eldest sons of dukes, marquesses and earls

[edit]

See also: Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom

Eldest sons of dukes, marquesses and earls use their father's most senior subsidiary title as courtesy titles, without "The" before the title.[c] If applicable, eldest sons of courtesy marquesses or courtesy earls also use a subsidiary title from their (great) grandfather, which is lower ranking than the one used by their father. Eldest daughters do not have courtesy titles; all courtesy peeresses are wives of courtesy peers.[d]

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address

|
|
|

Courtesy marquess | Marquess (of) London | My Lord or
Dear Lord London | My Lord or
Lord London
Courtesy marquess's wife | Marchioness (of) London | Madam or
Dear Lady London | My Lady or
Lady London
Courtesy earl | Earl (of) London | My Lord or
Dear Lord London | My Lord or
Lord London
Courtesy earl's wife | Countess (of) London | Madam or
Dear Lady London | My Lady or
Lady London
Courtesy viscount | Viscount (of) London | My Lord or
Dear Lord London | My Lord or
Lord London
Courtesy viscount's wife | Viscountess (of) London | Madam or
Dear Lady London | My Lady or
Lady London
Courtesy baron
Courtesy Lord of Parliament | Lord London | My Lord or
Dear Lord London | My Lord or
Lord London
Courtesy baron's wife
Wife of courtesy Lord of Parliament | Lady London | Madam or
Dear Lady London | My Lady or
Lady London

### Heirs of Scottish peers

[edit]

Heirs-apparent and heirs-presumptive of Scottish peers use the titles "Master" and "Mistress"; these are substantive, not courtesy titles. If, however, the individual is the eldest son of a Duke, Marquess or Earl, then he uses the appropriate courtesy title, as noted above.

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address

|
|
|

Scottish peer's heir-apparent
or heir-presumptive | The Master of Edinburgh | Sir or
Dear Master of Edinburgh | Sir or
Master
Scottish peer's heiress-apparent
or heiress-presumptive | The Mistress of Edinburgh | Madam or
Dear Mistress of Edinburgh | Madam or
Mistress

### Male descendants of peers

[edit]

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address

|
|
|

Duke's younger son
(Courtesy) Marquess's younger son | The Lord John Smith | My Lord or
Dear Lord John (Smith) | My Lord or
Lord John
Duke's younger son's wife
(Courtesy) Marquess's younger son's wife | The Lady John Smith | Madam or
Dear Lady John | My Lady or
Lady John
(Courtesy) Earl's younger son
(Courtesy) Viscount's son
(Courtesy) Baron's son
(Courtesy) Lord of Parliament's son | The Hon John Smith | Sir or
Dear Mr Smith | Sir or
Mr Smith
(Courtesy) Earl's younger son's wife
(Courtesy) Viscount's son's wife
(Courtesy) Baron's son's wife
(Courtesy) Lord of Parliament's son's wife | The Hon Mrs John Smith | Madam or
Dear Mrs Smith | Madam or
Mrs Smith

### Female descendants of peers

[edit]

If a daughter of a peer or courtesy peer marries another peer or courtesy peer, she takes her husband's rank. If she marries anyone else, she keeps her rank and title, using her husband's surname instead of her maiden name.

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address

|
|
|

Duke's daughter
(Courtesy) Marquess's daughter
(Courtesy) Earl's daughter
(unmarried or married to a commoner) | The Lady Mary Smith (if unmarried),
The Lady Mary Brown (husband's surname, if married) | Madam or
Dear Lady Mary | My Lady or
Lady Mary
(Courtesy) Viscount's daughter
(Courtesy) Baron's daughter
(Courtesy) Lord of parliament's daughter
(unmarried) | The Hon Mary Smith | Madam or
Dear Miss Smith | Madam or
Miss Smith
(Courtesy) Viscount's daughter
(Courtesy) Baron's daughter
(Courtesy) Lord of Parliament's daughter
(married to a commoner) | The Hon Mrs Brown (husband's surname) | Madam or
Dear Mrs Brown | Madam or
Mrs Brown

## Gentry and minor nobility

[edit]

Knights and Baronets are distinguished by the use of "Bt" (or, archaically, "Bart") after the latter's names (and by the use of the appropriate post-nominal letters if the former are members of an Order of Chivalry). Esquires are distinguished by the use of "Esq" except in the case of a Scottish laird, whose territorial designation implies the rank of esquire.[13]

### Baronets

[edit]

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address

|
|
|

Baronet | Sir John Smith, Bt (or Bart) | Sir or
Dear Sir John (Smith) | Sir or
Sir John
Baronetess in her own right | Dame Mary Smith, Btss | Madam or
Dear Dame Mary (Smith) | Madam or
Dame Mary
Baronet's wife | Lady Brown | Madam or
Dear Lady Brown | My Lady or
Lady Brown
Baronet's divorced wife | Mary, Lady Brown
Baronet's widow | Mary, Lady Brown
Dowager Lady Brown, or
Lady Brown (if the heir incumbent is unmarried)

### Scottish barons

[edit]

Barons in Scotland are non-peerage nobles in the Baronage of Scotland. The Scottish equivalent to an English baron is Lord of Parliament.

[14][15][16] | Baron | Baroness or Baron's wife

|
|

Envelope  | (The Much Hon) John Smith [of Edinburgh], Baron of Edinburgh or

(The Much Hon) (The) Baron of Edinburgh

(Incorrect: Baron Edinburgh)

[of Edinburgh] if baron has territorial designation

| (The Much Hon) Jane Smith, Baroness of Edinburgh or

(The Much Hon) (The) Baroness of Edinburgh or

(The) Lady Edinburgh

Salutation in a letter  | Dear Baron (of Edinburgh) or
Dear Edinburgh  | Dear Baroness (of Edinburgh) or

Dear Lady Edinburgh

("Dear Baroness Edinburgh" is incorrect)

Invitation / Place Card / Introduction  | The Baron of Edinburgh

Together: The Baron of Edinburgh and Lady Edinburgh

| The Baroness of Edinburgh or

Lady Edinburgh

Oral address  | Baron or

Edinburgh

| Baroness or

Lady Edinburgh[15]

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address

|
|
|

Scottish baron's heir-apparent
or heir-presumptive | The Younger of Edinburgh | Sir or
Dear Younger of Edinburgh | Sir or
Master
Scottish baron's heiress-apparent
or heiress-presumptive | The Maid of Edinburgh | Madam or
Dear Maid of Edinburgh | Madam or
Mistress
Scottish baron's's heir-apparent's wife  | Mrs Smith, yr of Edinburgh  | Madam or
Dear Mrs Smith, Younger of Edinburgh  | Madam or
Mrs Smith
Scottish baron's's heir-apparent's wife

(if baron has territorial designation)

| Mrs Smith of Edinburgh, yr  | Madam or
Dear Mrs Smith of Edinburgh the Younger  | Madam or
Mrs Smith of Edinburgh
Scottish baron's younger daughters

(if baron has territorial designation)

| Miss Mary Smith of Edinburgh  | Madam or
Dear Miss Smith of Edinburgh  | Madam or
Miss Smith of Edinburgh

### Knights and dames

[edit]

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address

|
|
|

Knight (of any order) | Sir John Smith | Sir or
Dear Sir John (Smith) | Sir or
Sir John
Lady (of the Order of the Garter or the Thistle) | Lady Mary Brown | Madam or
Dear Lady Mary (Smith) | My Lady or
Lady Mary
Dame (of an order other than the Garter or the Thistle) | Dame Mary Brown | Madam or
Dear Dame Mary (Smith) | Madam or
Dame Mary
Knight's wife | Lady Smith | Madam or
Dear Lady Smith | My Lady or
Lady Smith

### Seigneurs of Fiefs (Channel Islands only)

[edit]

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address

|
|
|

Feudal Fief Seigneur | The Much Hon John Smith of Fief de Sausmarez
or The Much Hon John Smith,
Seigneur of Fief de Sausmarez or
The Much Hon Seigneur of Fief de Sausmarez [14] | Sir or
Dear Sausmarez or
Dear Sieur | Sausmarez or
Seigneur or Abbreviated Sieur (Sgr.)
Female Feudal Dame of a Fief or
Feudal Seigneur's wife | As feudal Seigneur,
substituting "Madam"
for first name and
substituting "Dame" for "Seigneur", or
Dame Sausmarez | Madam or
Dear Dame or Dear Dame of Sausmarez | Madam or
Sausmarez or
Dame Sausmarez

### Chiefs, chieftains and lairds

[edit]

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address

|
|
|

Chief, chieftain or laird

(Only lairds recognised in a
territorial designation by
the Lord Lyon) | John Smith of Smith or
John Smith of Edinburgh

John Smith of that Ilk or
The Smith of Smith or
The Smith of Edinburgh or
The Smith[e]
(only the 2nd form of
address above applies
to lairds) | Sir or
Dear Edinburgh (if placename in title) or
Dear Smith (otherwise) | Edinburgh (if placename in title) or
Smith (otherwise)
Female Chief, chieftain or laird or
Chief, chieftain or laird's wife | Chief, chieftain or laird's wife, substituting
"Madam" or "Mrs" for first
name or "The"
or Lady Edinburgh[17][18][19] | Madam or
as on envelope | Madam or
as on envelope
Chief (etc.)'s heir-apparent | John Smith of Edinburgh, yr or
John Smith, yr of Edinburgh or
John Smith of Edinburgh
(last only if different first name to father) | Sir or
Dear Younger of Edinburgh or
Dear Mr Smith of Edinburgh | Sir or
Young Edinburgh or
The Younger of Edinburgh
Chief (etc.)'s heir-apparent's wife | Mrs Smith of Edinburgh, yr or
Mrs Smith, yr of Edinburgh | Madam or
Dear Mrs Smith of Edinburgh the Younger | Madam or
Mrs Smith of Edinburgh
Chief (etc.)'s eldest daughter (if none senior) | Miss Smith of Edinburgh or
Jane Smith, Maid of Edinburgh | Madam or
Dear Miss Smith of Edinburgh or
Dear Maid of Edinburgh | Madam or
Miss Smith of Edinburgh or
Maid of Edinburgh
Chief (etc.)'s younger daughter | Miss Mary Smith of Edinburgh | Madam or
Dear Miss Smith of Edinburgh | Madam or
Miss Smith of Edinburgh

### Lords of the Manor (England and Wales)

[edit]

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address

|
|
|

Lord of the Manor | John Brown, Lord of the Manor of Birmingham[20]
or Lord of the Manor of Birmingham
or John Brown, Esq | Sir or
Dear Lord of the Manor of Birmingham | Sir or Lord of the Manor
Lady of the Manor | Jane Brown, Lady of the Manor of Birmingham[20]
or Lady of the Manor of Birmingham | Madam or
Dear Lady of the Manor of Birmingham | Madam or Lady of the Manor

## Clergy

[edit]

### Church of England

[edit]

Similar styles are also applied to clergy of equivalent status in other religious organisations. The words clergy and cleric/clerk are derived from the proper term for bishops, priests and deacons still used in legal documents: Clerk in Holy Orders (e.g. "Vivienne Frances Faull, Clerk in Holy Orders"). Clergy in the Church of England are never addressed as "Revd (Surname)".

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address

|
|
|

Archbishop | The Most Revd and Rt Hon The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury/York | Dear Archbishop | Your Grace or
Archbishop
Diocesan bishop in Privy Council | The Rt Revd and Rt Hon The Lord Bishop of London | Dear Bishop | My Lord or
Bishop
Bishop, diocesan or suffragan | The Rt Revd The Lord Bishop of Durham | Dear Bishop | My Lord or
Bishop
Dean | The Very Revd The Dean of York | Dear Mr/Madam Dean | Dean or
Mr/Madam Dean
Archdeacon | The Ven The Archdeacon of London | Dear Archdeacon | Archdeacon
Prebendary | The Revd Prebendary Smith | Dear Prebendary Smith | Prebend
Canon | The Revd Canon John Smith | Dear Canon | Canon
Priest | The Revd John Smith or
The Revd Mr John Smith or
The Revd Dr John Smith (if applicable) | Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms/Dr Smith | Mr/Mrs/Ms Smith or
Vicar/Rector/Prebendary/Curate/Chaplain etc. as applicable
Deacon | The Revd Deacon John Smith or
The Revd John Smith |
Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms Smith or
Dear Deacon Smith | Deacon Smith or Mr/Mrs/Ms Smith

### Church of Scotland

[edit]

The Church of Scotland, as a Presbyterian church, recognizes state-awarded titles only as courtesy. In court (assembly, presbytery and session) a person may only be addressed as Mr, Mrs, Miss, Dr, Prof, etc. depending on academic achievement. Thus ministers are correctly addressed as, for example, Mr Smith or Mrs Smith unless they have a higher degree or academic appointment e.g. Dr Smith or Prof. Smith. It is 'infra dig' to use the style 'Rev' and even the use of 'the Rev Mr' requires sensitivity to official style.

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address

|
|
|

Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly | His Grace The Lord High Commissioner | Your Grace | Your Grace or Sir/Ma'am
Clergy | The Rev John Smith | Dear Mr Smith | Mr Smith/Dr Smith etc.
Current Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland | The Right Rev John Smith | Dear Mr Smith | Mr Smith/Dr Smith etc.
Former Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland | The Very Rev John Smith | Dear Mr Smith | Mr Smith/Dr Smith etc.

## Judiciary

[edit]

### United Kingdom

[edit]

See also: Judge § United Kingdom

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address | In court

|
|
|
|

Male Justice of the Supreme Court holding a peerage  | The Right Honourable The Lord Smith  | Lord Smith  | Lord Smith  | My Lord[21]
Male Justice of the Supreme Court | The Right Honourable Lord Smith | Lord Smith | Lord Smith | My Lord[21]
Female Justice of the Supreme Court holding a peerage  | The Right Honourable The Lady Smith  | Lady Smith  | Lady Smith  | My Lady[21]
Female Justice of the Supreme Court | The Right Honourable Lady Smith | Lady Smith | Lady Smith | My Lady[21]

#### England and Wales

[edit]

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address | In court

|
|
|
|

Lord Chief Justice | The Rt Hon the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales | Lord Chief Justice | Lord Chief Justice | My Lord[22]
Male Lord Justice of Appeal | The Rt Hon Lord Justice (John) Smith | Lord Justice | Lord Justice | My Lord
Retired male Lord Justice of Appeal | The Rt Hon Sir John Smith | Judge or Sir John | Sir John | My Lord
Female Lord Justice of Appeal | The Rt Hon Lady Justice (Mary) Smith, DBE | Lady Justice | Lady Justice | My Lady
Retired female Lord Justice of Appeal | The Rt Hon Dame Mary Smith, DBE | Judge or Dame Mary | Dame Mary | My Lady
Male High Court judge | The Hon. Mr Justice (John) Smith | Judge | Judge | My Lord
Retired male High Court judge | Sir John Smith | Judge or Sir John | Sir John | My Lord
Female High Court judge | The Hon. Mrs Justice (Mary) Smith, DBE | Judge | Judge | My Lady
Retired female High Court judge | Dame Mary Smith, DBE | Judge or Dame Mary | Dame Mary | My Lady
High Court Master | Master (John) Smith (KC should be added if applicable) | Master | Master[f] | Master[f]
Insolvency and Companies Court Judge | Insolvency and Companies Court Judge (John) Smith (KC, if applicable) | Judge | Judge | Judge
Circuit judge[g] | His Honour Judge (John) Smith (KC, if applicable) | Judge | Judge | Your Honour
Recorder  | Mr (or Mrs) Recorder Smith (KC, if applicable)  | Judge  | Judge  | Your Honour
District judge | District Judge (John) Smith (KC, if applicable) | Judge | Sir or Madam | Sir or Madam
Justice of the Peace/Magistrate | Mr John Smith, JP | Mr Smith | Mr Smith or (if "Chair/Lead") Sir or Madam[23][24] | Sir or Madam (if 'Chair/Lead') or Your Worship[23][25][24]
Chancellor of a diocese (ecclesiastical)  | The Worshipful Mr (or Mrs) Smith (KC, if applicable)  | Chancellor  | Chancellor  | Your Worship

A judge's first name only forms part of their judicial style if, at the time of their appointment, there is a senior judge with the same or a similar surname. Thus, if there is a "Mr Justice Smith", subsequent judges will be "Mr Justice John Smith", "Mrs Justice Mary Smith", etc. High Court Judges and above who are King's Counsel do not use the post-nominal letters following appointment or after retirement.

A member of the Bar (but not a solicitor) addresses a circuit judge or higher, out of court, as "Judge".

#### Scotland

[edit]

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address | In court

|
|
|
|

Lord President of the Court of Session/Lord Justice General of Scotland | The Rt Hon (the) Lord/Lady Smith Lord President of the Court of Session/Lord Justice General of Scotland | Lord President/Lord Justice General | Lord President/Lord Justice General | My Lord/Lady
Lord Justice Clerk | The Rt Hon (the) Lord/Lady Smith Lord Justice Clerk | Lord Justice Clerk | Lord Justice Clerk | My Lord/Lady
Senator of the College of Justice and the Chairman of the Scottish Land Court | The Hon./Rt Hon. (the) Lord/Lady Smith | Lord/Lady Smith | Lord/Lady Smith | My Lord/Lady
Sheriff principal | Sheriff Principal Smith (KC should be added where applicable) | Sheriff Principal Smith | Sheriff Principal Smith | My Lord/Lady
Sheriff | Sheriff Smith (KC should be added where applicable) | Sheriff Smith | Sheriff Smith | My Lord/Lady
Summary sheriff | Sheriff Smith (KC should be added where applicable) | Sheriff Smith | Sheriff Smith | My Lord/Lady
Justice of the Peace | Mr John/Mrs Mary Smith | Mr/Mrs Smith | Mr/Mrs Smith | Your Honour[26]

## Academics

[edit]

The forms of address used for academics can, in most cases, be either formal or social.[27][28]

Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address | In conversation

|
|
|
|

Chancellor (formal) | The Chancellor of [university name] | Dear Chancellor | Chancellor (if on a platform) or by name and title | The Chancellor or by name
Chancellor (social) | [Name],[h] Chancellor of [university name] | By name | By name or Chancellor | The Chancellor or by name
Vice-Chancellor (formal) | The Vice-Chancellor of [university name][i] | Dear Sir/Madam/Vice-Chancellor | Vice-Chancellor (if on a platform) or by name | The Vice-Chancellor or by name
Vice-Chancellor (social) | [Name],[j] Vice-Chancellor of [university name] | By name or Dear Vice-Chancellor | Vice-Chancellor (if on a platform) or by name | The Vice-Chancellor or by name
Professor (formal) | Professor Jane Smith[k] | Dear Sir/Madam | Professor Smith | Professor Smith
Professor (social) | Professor Jane Smith | Dear Professor Smith | Professor Smith | Professor Smith
Doctor (formal)[l] | Dr Jane Smith or The Revd John Smith DD or Susan Brown MD or Tom Brown PhD, etc.[m] | Dear Sir/Madam | Dr Smith | Dr Smith
Doctor (social)[l] | Dr Jane Smith | Dear Dr Smith | Dr Smith | Dr Smith

## See also

[edit]

* Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom
* British nobility
* Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
* Peerage
* Gentry
* List of post-nominal letters (United Kingdom)

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ The forms given under "Salutation in Letter" are for use in social correspondence only. In formal letters, "Sir" or "Madam" would be used instead.
2. ^ Nowadays it is more common to use the form of "The Baroness (of) X" when addressing a baroness in her own right, instead of the more archaric form of "The Lady (of) X", and to distinguish her from a baron's wife. This is customary when addressing female members of the House of Lords who have a life peerage, and as well the directive of Her Majesty's Passport Office.[11][12]
3. ^ Some sources do not recommend the use of the definite article before certain courtesy titles (particularly those who have prospects of promotion within the family's titles), but it is used by official Court publications such as the Court Circular.
4. ^ If the definite article is not used before courtesy peerages and The Hon Elizabeth Smith marries Sir William Brown, she becomes The Hon Lady Brown, but if she marries the higher-ranked Lord Brown, a courtesy Baron, she becomes only Lady Brown. If this Sir William Brown's father is created Earl of London and Baron Brown, as a result of this ennoblement his wife's style will actually change, from "The Hon Lady Brown" to "Lady Brown". While the style may appear diminished, the precedence taken increases from that of a wife of a knight to that of a wife of an earl's eldest son.
5. ^ The exact form of a Scottish chief's style varies from family to family, and is generally based on tradition rather than formal rules.
6. ^ a b "Master" is used as the form of address whether the High Court Master is male or female.
7. ^ Some circuit judges – for example, the Recorder of Liverpool or circuit judges sitting in the Central Criminal Court – are addressed in court as "My Lord" or "My Lady".
8. ^ This is the full name and title as it would be according to the rules elsewhere on this page, e.g. The Viscount London, Sir John Smith, KBE, Professor Jane Doe, Dr Tom Brown.
9. ^ Check official title for the university concerned: The Reverend the Vice-Chancellor (Oxford) The Right Worshipful the Vice-Chancellor (Cambridge), The Vice-Chancellor and Warden (Durham), The President and Provost (UCL), etc.
10. ^ Title
11. ^ If a professor holds an ecclesiastical rank this, strictly speaking, supersedes the academic rank. However, the academic style may still be used within academia and the two can be combined, e.g. as The Reverend Professor Jane Smith. If a professor holds a peerage or a knighthood, this title can be combined, e.g. Professor Lord Smith, Professor Sir John Smith, Professor Dame Jane Smith.
12. ^ a b The forms off address for a doctor applies to "the recipient of a doctorate conferred by a university or other body, such as the Council for National Academic Awards", not just those working in academia. The exception is surgeons, who are never addressed as Doctor even if they hold a doctorate.
13. ^ Doctorates in divinity and medicine are always given as letters after the name, and this form may optionally be used for doctorates in other faculties. If "Dr" is used before the name, degrees are not given after it.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "The Style of Prince outside the Royal Family". www.heraldica.org. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
2. ^ "No. 43264". The London Gazette. 6 March 1964. p. 2169.
3. ^ "No. 62855". The London Gazette (1st supplement). 13 December 2019. p. 214.
4. ^ "Greeting a Member of The Royal Family". Royal.uk. 15 January 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
5. ^ "Addressing the Royal Family". Debretts. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
6. ^ "Baron and Baroness". Debrett's. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
7. ^ Barker, L. Mary, ed. (1957–58). Pears Cyclopedia (66th ed.). Isleworth, Middlesex: A. & F. Pears Limited. pp. 649–650\. "Modes of Address to Persons of Rank"
8. ^ Montegue-Smith, Patrick, ed. (1984). Debrett's Correct Form. London: Futura Publications. p. 27\. ISBN 0-7088-1500-6.
9. ^ Montegue-Smith, Patrick, ed. (1984). Debrett's Correct Form. London: Futura Publications. p. 29\. ISBN 0-7088-1500-6.
10. ^ a b c d e Montegue-Smith, Patrick, ed. (1984). Debrett's Correct Form. London: Futura Publications. pp. 38–39\. ISBN 0-7088-1500-6.
11. ^ Addressing members of the Lords \- official website of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
12. ^ Titles: Guidance for Her Majesty's Passport Office operational staff on how to add and record titles and observations on a passport -official website of the Government of the United Kingdom
13. ^ Adam, Frank; Innes, Thomas (1970) [1934]. "Highland Surnames and Titles". The Clans, Septs & Regiments of the Scottish Highlands (8th ed.). Clearfield. p. 410\. ISBN 978-0-8063-0448-9. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
14. ^ a b "Debrett's Forms of Address for Scottish feudal barons". Archived from the original on 2013-07-25.
15. ^ a b "The Convention of the Baronage of Scotland". Archived from the original on 2015-02-25. Retrieved 2010-03-09.
16. ^ "Female Barons (in their own right) or the wife of a baron". Convention of the Baronage of Scotland. 11 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
17. ^ Frank Adams (1952) The Clans, Septs and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands
18. ^ Titles and Forms of Address. Bloomsbury Publishing. 31 January 2007. ISBN 9781408148129. Retrieved 26 January 2016. "The widow of a chief or laird continues to use the territorial style and the prefix Dowager may be used in the same circumstances ... In rural Scotland (laird's) wives are often styled Lady, though not legally except in the case of the wives of chiefs."
19. ^ Adam, Frank (1970). The Clans, Septs & Regiments of the Scottish Highlands. Genealogical Publishing Com, 1970 - Page 410. ISBN 9780806304489. Retrieved 26 January 2016. "In personal letters...(The) old pre-fix of a laird or chief was "The Much Honoured"...where husband and wife are referred to, the correct styles are "Glenfalloch and the Lady Glenfalloch""
20. ^ a b "Manors: manorial titles and rights". HM Land Registry. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
21. ^ a b c d "The Supreme Court". Archived from the original on 2012-06-23.
22. ^ "Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales". Archived from the original on 2013-01-06.
23. ^ a b "The criminal courts". © Copyright 2010-2020 Full Fact. 25 January 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2020. "Professional magistrates are now called District Judge (Magistrates' Court), or DJ for short (they used to be called Stipendiary Magistrates, which is a term you will still hear being used)......In court, a DJ (Magistrate) will be called 'sir' or 'madam' as the case may be. If there is a lay bench, then you normally pretend you are speaking to the 'chair' and address them as 'sir' or 'madam'. Some people will address the whole panel as 'your worships', although this is becoming old-fashioned."
24. ^ a b Courts and Tribunals Judiciary. "Bench Chairmen". Courts and Tribunals Judiciary. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
25. ^ "Justice of the Peace". Archived from the original on 2013-11-01.
26. ^ "Justices of the Peace". Archived from the original on 2013-07-19. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
27. ^ "Academics". A to Z. Debrett's. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
28. ^ "Academics". Forms of Address. Debrett's. Retrieved 13 August 2017.

## External links

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* Styles of the members of the British royal family

*[pl.]: plural