Fortún Garcés of Pamplona

King of Pamplona from 870/882 to 905

"Fortún Garcés" redirects here. For the 12th-century Aragonese magnate, see Fortún Garcés Cajal.

Fortún

King of Pamplona
Reign| 870/882–905
Predecessor| García Íñiguez
Successor| Sancho Garcés

Died| 922
Monastery of Leyre
Burial|

Monastery of Leyre

Consort| Auria
Issue
four others...| Onneca Fortúnez
House| House of Íñiguez
Father| García Íñguez
Mother| Urraca

Fortún Garcés (Basque: Orti Gartzez; died 922) nicknamed the One-eyed (el Tuerto), and years later the Monk (el Monje), was king of Pamplona from 870/882 until 905. He appears in Arabic records as Fortoûn ibn Garsiya (فرتون بن غرسية). He was the eldest son of García Iñíguez and grandson of Íñigo Arista, the first king of Pamplona. Reigning for about thirty years, Fortún Garcés would be the last king of the Íñiguez dynasty.

## Biography

[edit]

Fortún was born at an unknown date, being the eldest son of García Íñiguez,[1] king of Pamplona, and a woman named Urraca, who could have been the granddaughter of Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi, the leader of the Banu Qasi clan.[2] Little is known about his early life.

King García Íñiguez had worked towards a closer relationship with the Kingdom of Asturias, distancing himself and his kingdom from the Banu Qasi dynasty that ruled the lands near the Ebro river. He was involved in repeated armed conflicts with the Muslim forces of the Banu Qasi,[3] and Emir Muhammad I of Córdoba, who invaded Pamplona in the year 860 and captured Fortún in Milagro, along with his daughter Onneca and took them hostages in Córdoba.[4][1] The wali of Zaragoza, Muhammad ibn Lubb, besieged and ultimately destroyed the castle of Aibar, resulting in the death of the King García Íñiguez. After the death of his father, Fortún Garcés was allowed to return to Pamplona to take his place as king.[5] Fortún Garcés reigned with a policy very accommodating to the wishes of the Banu Qasi clan, which caused anger within the Pamplonese nobility. He would frequently retire to the Monastery of Leyre.

Royal pantheon in the Monastery of Leyre

A drastic change took place in 905, when Sancho Garcés was chosen by the Pamplonese nobility to replace Fortún Garcés as king.[6] The reasons behind this decision reside in the fact that Sancho Garcés had a very well respected military prestige and had the support of important figures such as Count Raymond I of Pallars and Ribagorza, Count Galindo Aznárez II of Aragon and King Alfonso III of Asturias.[6]

Fortún Garcés permanently retired to the Monastery of Leyre in 905,[6] where he died in 922.[7]

## Marriage and descendants

[edit]

Fortún was married to Auria, whose undocumented origin has been subject to conflicting speculation,[8][9] to whom the Códice de Roda assigns the following children:[10]

* Íñigo Fortúnez, married to Sancha Garcés, daughter of García Jiménez of Pamplona and Onecca 'rebel of Sancosa'.
* Aznar Fortúnez; little is known about him.
* Velasco Fortúnez, who had three children: Jimena, wife of Íñigo Garcés, son of García Jiménez of Pamplona.
* Lope Fortúnez
* Onneca Fortúnez, according to the Códice de Roda first married to Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Umawi of Córdoba[11] and later to Aznar Sánchez of Larraun, with whom she had three children, including Queens Toda and Sancha of Pamplona.[1] However, the order of Onneca's marriages has been questioned, as has the identity of Fortún's daughter as the Onneca who married Abdullah.[12]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Martínez Díez 2007, p. 25.
2. ^ Salazar y Acha 2006, pp. 33–34.
3. ^ Martínez Díez 2007, p. 23.
4. ^ Collins 2012, p. 45.
5. ^ Menéndez Pidal 1999, p. 104.
6. ^ a b c Martínez Díez 2007, p. 26.
7. ^ Salazar y Acha 2006, p. 33.
8. ^ Settipani 2004, p. 116.
9. ^ Rei 2011–2012, pp. 44–45.
10. ^ Cañada Juste 2013, p. 482.
11. ^ Kosto 2017, p. 79.
12. ^ Cañada Juste 2013.

## Sources

[edit]

* Cañada Juste, Alberto (2013). "Doña Onneca, una princesa vascona en la corte de los emires cordobeses" (PDF). Príncipe de Viana (in Spanish) (258 (Separata)). Gobierno de Navarra: 481–501. ISSN 0032-8472.
* Collins, Roger (2012). Caliphs and Kings: Spain, 796-1031. Blackwell publishing.
* Kosto, Adam J. (2017). "Aragon and the Catalan Counties Before the Union". In Sabaté, Flocel (ed.). The Crown of Aragon: A Singular Mediterranean Empire. Brill. pp. 70–91.
* Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2007). Sancho III el Mayor Rey de Pamplona, Rex Ibericus (in Spanish). Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia. ISBN 978-84-96467-47-7.
* Rei, António (2011–2012). "Descendência Hispânica do Profeta do Islão: Exploração de Algumas Linhas Primárias". Armas e Troféus (in Portuguese). Instituto Português de Heráldica.
* Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (2006). "Urraca. Un nombre egregio en la onomástica altomedieval". En la España medieval (in Spanish) (1): 29–48. ISSN 0214-3038.
* Settipani, Christian (2004). La noblesse du midi carolingien: études sur quelques grandes familles d'Aquitaine et du Languedoc du IXe siècle (in French). Oxford Univ. Unit for Prosopographical Research. ISBN 9781900934046.
* Menéndez Pidal, Ramón (1999). Historia de España, Tomo VII, Vol. 2, La España Cristiana de los Siglos VIII al IX (718 - 1035). Los Núcleos Pireneicos, Navarra, Aragón, Cataluña (in Spanish). Madrid: Editorial Espasa-Calpe SA. ISBN 84-239-8913-5.

Preceded by

García Íñiguez

|  King of Pamplona
882-905  | Succeeded by

Sancho Garcés I

|
|

* v
* t
* e

Monarchs of Navarre

House of Íñiguez|

* Íñigo Arista
* García Íñiguez
* Fortún Garcés

House of Jiménez|

* Sancho I
* Jimeno Garcés
* García Sánchez I
* Sancho II
* García Sánchez II
* Sancho III
* García Sánchez III
* Sancho IV
* Sancho VA
* Peter IA
* Alfonso IA
* García Ramírez
* Sancho VI
* Sancho VII

House of Champagne|

* Theobald I
* Theobald II
* Henry I
* Joan I

House of Capet|

* Philip IF
* Louis IF
* John IF
* Philip IIF
* Charles IF
* Joan II

House of Évreux|

* Philip III
* Charles II
* Charles III
* Blanche I

House of Trastámara|

* John IIA
* Charles IV
* Blanche II
* Eleanor

House of Foix|

* Francis Phoebus
* Catherine

House of Albret|

* John III

House of Albret \- Lower Navarre|

* Henry II
* Joan III

House of Bourbon \- Lower Navarre|

* Antoine
* Henry IIIF
* Louis IIF
* Louis IIIF
* Louis IVF
* Louis VF
* Louis VIF
* Charles VF

House of Trastámara \- Upper Navarre|

* Ferdinand IA
* Joan IIIS

House of Habsburg \- Upper Navarre|

* Charles IVS
* Philip IVS
* Philip VS
* Philip VIS
* Charles VS

House of Bourbon \- Upper Navarre|

* Philip VIIS
* Louis IIS
* Ferdinand IIS
* Charles VIS
* Charles VIIS
* Ferdinand IIIS
* Isabella IS

AAlso King of Aragon. FAlso King of France. SAlso King/Queen of Spain.
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