Foshan

"Fatshan" redirects here. For the battle, see Battle of Fatshan Creek. For other uses, see Fatshan (disambiguation).

Prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China

Foshan

佛山市

Fatshan

Prefecture-level city

Clockwise from top right: Zumiao of Foshan, Qingyun Tower in Shunfengshan Park, Foshan New Town in Shunde, Guanyin atop Mount Xiqiao, & Downtown Foshan in Chancheng

Nickname:

禅 (Chan)

Location of Foshan in Guangdong

Coordinates (Foshan municipal government): 23°01′17″N 113°07′18″E﻿ / ﻿23.0214°N 113.1216°E﻿ / 23.0214; 113.1216
Country|  China
Province| Guangdong
Municipal seat| Chancheng District
Government

• CPC Committee Secretary| Zheng Ke (郑轲)
• Mayor| Bai Tao (白涛)
Area

• Prefecture-level city

| 3,848 km2 (1,486 sq mi)
• Water| 690 km2 (270 sq mi)
• Urban

| 3,848 km2 (1,486 sq mi)
• Metro

| 19,870.4 km2 (7,672.0 sq mi)
Elevation

| 16 m (52 ft)
Population

(2020 census)[1]

• Prefecture-level city

| 9,498,863
• Density| 2,500/km2 (6,400/sq mi)
• Urban

| 9,042,500
• Urban density| 2,300/km2 (6,100/sq mi)
• Metro

| 65,594,622
• Metro density| 3,300/km2 (8,500/sq mi)
GDP[2]

• Prefecture-level city| CN¥ 1.759 trillion
US$ 166.8 billion
• Per capita| CN¥ 127,085
US$ 19,699
Time zone| UTC+8 (China Standard Time)
Postal code|

528000

Area code| (0)757
ISO 3166 code| CN-GD-06
Licence plate prefixes|

* 粤E
* 粤Y (for motor vehicles registered in Nanhai before February 2018)
* 粤X (for motor vehicles registered in Shunde before February 2018)

Website| foshan.gov.cn
Foshan

"Foshan" in Chinese characters

Chinese| 佛山
Hanyu Pinyin| Fóshān
Cantonese Yale| Fahtsàan or Fahtsāan
Postal| Fatshan
Literal meaning| "Buddha Mountain"
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Fóshān
Bopomofo| ㄈㄛˊ   ㄕㄢ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh| Forshan
Wade–Giles| Fo2-shan1
Yale Romanization| Fwóshān
IPA| [fwǒ.ʂán]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization| Fahtsàan or Fahtsāan
Jyutping| Fat6saan1
IPA| [fɐ̀t̚.sâːn] or [fɐ̀t̚.sáːn]
Southern Min
Tâi-lô| Pu̍t-suann

Foshan (UK: /foʊˈʃæn/, US also /-ˈʃɑːn/; Chinese: 佛山) is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong Province, China. The entire prefecture covers 3,848 km2 (1,486 sq mi) and had a population of 9,498,863 as of the 2020 census. The city is part of the western side of the Pearl River Delta megalopolis, a conurbation housing 86,100,000 inhabitants, making it the biggest urban area of the world.

Foshan is regarded as the home of Cantonese opera, a genre of Chinese opera; Nanquan, a martial art; and lion dancing.

## Name

[edit]

"Faesan" (Foshan), from Johan Nieuhof's 1665 Embassy of the Dutch East India Company to the Emperor of China

Fóshān is the pinyin romanization of the city's Chinese name 佛山, based on its Mandarin pronunciation. The Postal Map spelling "Fatshan" derives from the same name's local Cantonese pronunciation. Other romanizations include Fat-shan[3][4] and Fat-shun.[5] Foshan means "Buddha Mountain" and, despite the more famous present-day statue of Guanyin (or Kwanyin) on Mount Xiqiao, who isn't a Buddha, it refers to a smaller hill near the centre of town where three bronze sculptures of Buddha were discovered in AD 628. The town grew up around a monastery founded nearby that was destroyed in 1391.[6]

## History

[edit]

### Pre-20th century

[edit]

Foshan remained a minor settlement on the Fen River for most of China's history. It developed around a Tang-era Buddhist monastery that was destroyed in 1391.[6] The Foshan Ancestral Temple, a Taoist temple to the Northern God (Beidi) that was rebuilt in 1372, became the new focus of the community by the 15th century.[6]

By the early Ming, Foshan had grown into one of the four great markets in China, primarily on the strength of its local ceramics but also on account of its metalwork.[7] Under the Qing, its harbor on the Fen River was limited to ships of a thousand tons' burden but it remained well connected with Guangdong's other ports.[7] By the 19th century, Foshan was considered the "Birmingham of China", with its steel industry responsible for the consumption of the majority of the province's iron production.[5]

### 20th century and onwards

[edit]

Foshan was connected to Guangzhou and Sanshui by rail in the early 20th century.[7] The Ancestral Temple was converted into the Foshan Municipal Museum upon the victory of the Communists in the Chinese Civil War in 1949.[citation needed]

Foshan remained primarily focused on ceramic and steel production until the 1950s, when it became an urbanizing political center. On 26 June 1951, it left Nanhai County to become a separate county-level city and, in 1954, it was made the seat of the prefectural government.[7] Its economy stagnated as a result of the Cultural Revolution—traditional ceramic ware was forbidden and its workshops were turned to producing Maoist and Revolutionary folderol—but it continued to grow, reaching 300,000 people by the 1970s, making it the province's second city after Guangzhou.[7]

As early as 1973, however, its agriculture and consumer industries were permitted to become an export production base and a modern highway linked it to Guangzhou soon after. This permitted its party secretary Tong Mengqing and mayor Yu Fei to take full advantage when Deng Xiaoping introduced his Opening Up policies after the fall of the Gang of Four.[7]

In 1983, Foshan was promoted to a prefecture-level city with its former core becoming the new Chancheng District but lost the southwestern half of its former territory to Jiangmen.[7] On 8 December 2002, Shunde and Nanhai joined its urban core as a full district.[citation needed]

Since 2020, a Japanese-themed street in Foshan has become a hit with young people unable to travel abroad due to the coronavirus pandemic.[8] The 100m-long road called Ichiban Street has been outfitted by a local property developer to resemble famous commercial streets in Japan, complete with a sakura tree, an icon of Japan.[8] The "exotic" street is attracting young people from nearby cities like Guangzhou, Zhongshan and Zhuhai as the younger Chinese generation likes many things about Japanese culture and design.[8] After negative responses and anti-Japanese sentiment, all Japanese signage was removed and the street has been mostly abandoned.

## Geography

[edit]

Guangzhou

Shenzhen

Hong Kong

Dongguan

Foshan

Jiangmen

Huizhou

Zhongshan

Zhuhai

Macau

Zhaoqing

Enping

Heshan

Kaiping

Sihui

Foshan (Guangdong)

Foshan lies on the Fen River in the estuaries making up the west side of the Pearl River Delta. Guangzhou lies 25 kilometers (16 mi) to the northeast, Zhongshan to the southeast, Jiangmen to the south, Qingyuan to the north, and Zhaoqing to the west.[9]

### Climate

[edit]

Foshan experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa).

Climate data for Foshan (Nanhai District), elevation 30 m (98 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 26.7
(80.1)  | 27.1
(80.8)  | 30.7
(87.3)  | 34.5
(94.1)  | 35.6
(96.1)  | 37.1
(98.8)  | 38.5
(101.3)  | 38.5
(101.3)  | 37.8
(100.0)  | 34.2
(93.6)  | 30.6
(87.1)  | 28.8
(83.8)  | 38.5
(101.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 18.3
(64.9)  | 19.7
(67.5)  | 22.3
(72.1)  | 26.7
(80.1)  | 30.5
(86.9)  | 32.4
(90.3)  | 33.7
(92.7)  | 33.6
(92.5)  | 32.2
(90.0)  | 29.4
(84.9)  | 25.2
(77.4)  | 20.4
(68.7)  | 27.0
(80.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 14.0
(57.2)  | 15.7
(60.3)  | 18.6
(65.5)  | 23.0
(73.4)  | 26.6
(79.9)  | 28.6
(83.5)  | 29.5
(85.1)  | 29.4
(84.9)  | 28.1
(82.6)  | 25.1
(77.2)  | 20.7
(69.3)  | 15.8
(60.4)  | 22.9
(73.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 11.1
(52.0)  | 12.9
(55.2)  | 15.9
(60.6)  | 20.3
(68.5)  | 23.7
(74.7)  | 25.8
(78.4)  | 26.5
(79.7)  | 26.3
(79.3)  | 25.0
(77.0)  | 21.9
(71.4)  | 17.4
(63.3)  | 12.6
(54.7)  | 20.0
(67.9)
Record low °C (°F)  | −1.9
(28.6)  | 2.3
(36.1)  | 3.4
(38.1)  | 10.5
(50.9)  | 14.9
(58.8)  | 18.7
(65.7)  | 22.8
(73.0)  | 23.3
(73.9)  | 19.6
(67.3)  | 10.7
(51.3)  | 4.4
(39.9)  | 3.1
(37.6)  | −1.9
(28.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 53.1
(2.09)  | 54.4
(2.14)  | 95.8
(3.77)  | 161.5
(6.36)  | 260.9
(10.27)  | 308.1
(12.13)  | 226.6
(8.92)  | 266.3
(10.48)  | 211.1
(8.31)  | 78.7
(3.10)  | 42.2
(1.66)  | 35.2
(1.39)  | 1,793.9
(70.62)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 7.2  | 9.3  | 13.8  | 14.6  | 17.2  | 18.5  | 16.5  | 15.8  | 12.3  | 5.3  | 5.7  | 5.7  | 141.9
Average relative humidity (%)  | 71  | 76  | 79  | 80  | 79  | 80  | 77  | 77  | 74  | 67  | 67  | 65  | 74
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 104.3  | 75.1  | 61.8  | 73.2  | 112.5  | 132.6  | 178.8  | 167.5  | 157.0  | 170.5  | 150.8  | 140.4  | 1,524.5
Percentage possible sunshine | 31  | 23  | 17  | 19  | 27  | 33  | 43  | 42  | 43  | 48  | 46  | 42  | 35
Source: China Meteorological Administration[10][11] all-time extreme temperature[12]

## Economy

[edit]

Foshan has been well known for its ceramics since the Ming dynasty, although it was forced to cease production during the Cultural Revolution.[7]

Foshan had a ¥0.8 trillion gross domestic product in 2015,[needs update] raising its per capita GDP past $10,000.[citation needed] Shunde District in particular has a high manufacturing output, with its 3,000+ electronical appliance factories responsible for more than half of the world's air conditioners and refrigerators.[13] Foshan now has more than 30 towns specialized in particular industries, including furniture, machinery, and beverages.[13]

The Foshan Hi-Tech Development Zone was founded in 1992. Its total planned area is 7.55 km2 (2.92 sq mi). The zone is very close to the national highway G325, as well as Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport. The major industries in the zone include automobile assembly, biotechnology, and chemicals processing.[14]

## Administration

[edit]

Foshan administers five county-level divisions, all of which are districts, including Chancheng, Nanhai, Sanshui, Gaoming and Shunde.

These are further divided into 32 township-level divisions, including 11 subdistricts and 21 towns.

Foshan is close to Guangzhou and considers its link with Guangzhou to be very important. As such, it is part of the Pearl River Delta and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area metropolis, centered on Guangzhou.

Chancheng

Nanhai

Shunde

Sanshui

Gaoming

| Administrative divisions of Foshan

Division
code[15] | Division  | Area
(km2)[16] | Population (2020)  | Seat  | Postal
code  | Subdivisions[17]
Subdistricts | Towns | Residential
communities | Administrative
villages
440600 | Foshan | 3848.49 | 9,498,863 | Chancheng | 528000 | 11 | 21 | 408 | 328
440604 | Chancheng | 154.15 | 1,330,262 | Zumiao Subdistrict | 528000 | 3 | 1 | 89 | 54
440605 | Nanhai | 1073.94 | 3,667,247 | Guicheng Subdistrict | 528200 | 1 | 6 | 183 | 67
440606 | Shunde | 806.55 | 3,229,090 | Daliang Subdistrict | 528300 | 4 | 6 | 93 | 108
440607 | Sanshui | 874.22 | 803,226 | Xinan Subdistrict | 528100 | 2 | 5 | 22 | 48
440608 | Gaoming | 939.64 | 469,038 | Hecheng Subdistrict | 528500 | 1 | 3 | 21 | 51
Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations

English | Chinese | Pinyin | Guangdong
Romanization
Chancheng District | 禅城区 | Chánchéng Qū | xim4 xing4 kêu1
Nanhai District | 南海区 | Nánhǎi Qū | nam4 hoi2 kêu1
Shunde District | 顺德区 | Shùndé Qū | sên6 deg1 kêu1
Sanshui District | 三水区 | Sānshuǐ Qū | sam1 sêu1 kêu1
Gaoming District | 高明区 | Gāomíng Qū | gou1 ming4 kêu1
Foshan city | 佛山市 | Fóshān Shì | fed6 san1 xi5

## Animal Cruelty Controversy

[edit]

In December 2024, authorities in Foshan's Sanshui District uncovered an illegal cat meat processing facility in Yundonghai Subdistrict. The operation led to the discovery of several slaughtering and processing equipment, along with approximately 100 live cats. Due to the unknown origin of these cats and the potential public health risks, officials decided to "dispose" of them, which involved submerging five or six large bamboo cages containing the cats into a pond, effectively drowning them. This action sparked significant public outrage, with many netizens labeling the method as "cruel" and expressing their dismay over the treatment of the animals. (Source: MingPao)

## Language

[edit]

Located in the Sanyi region, the local dialects are based on Cantonese and often used by the city natives, particularly among older generations.[citation needed] As the current national language, Mandarin is the lingua franca of government, business, and education—whereas the local dialects are used on informal occasions.

## Transportation

[edit]

Foshan railway station

In 2013 to 2014, Foshan planned to improve public transportation by putting forward six measures:[18]

### FMetro

[edit]

Main article: Foshan Metro

The first line of FMetro opened in 2010, and another two lines are completed in 2021 and 2022.

The existing line of FMetro network:

* Line 1 (Guangfo Line): From Xincheng Dong Station to Lijiao Station
* Line 2: From Nanzhuang Station to Guangzhou South Railway Station
* Line 3: From Shunde College Railway Station to Zhongshan Park Station & Lianhe Station to Foshan University Station

### Rail

[edit]

Foshan is a main interchange for railway routes linking Guangzhou, Hong Kong and western Guangdong Province. It is connected with Hong Kong via the KCRC Guangdong Through Train service from Foshan railway station, an inter-city train service that was extended from Guangzhou to Foshan in the 1990s.[citation needed]

### Aviation

[edit]

The city is served by Foshan Shadi Airport, and later the Pearl River Delta International Airport. It is also served by Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport.

## Education

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2020)

|

Foshan University's front gate

Like other government schools in mainland China, Mandarin is the primary language of instruction in Foshan's government schools.[citation needed]

### Universities

[edit]

* Foshan University
* South China Normal University (Foshan campus)
* Southern Medical University (Shunde campus)
* Guangdong University of Finance & Economics (Sanshui campus)

### Schools

[edit]

* Nanhai Senior High School

## Sports

[edit]

Foshan is one of the host cities for the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup.[19]

The city hosted events during the 2010 Asian Games. Synchronized swimming at the Foshan Aquatics Center and boxing at the Foshan Gymnasium.[20]

In October 2014 the city hosted The Foshan Open golf event on the European Challenge Tour.[21]

Two professional football teams have played in Foshan. From 1989 to 1997 Foshan Fosti (now disbanded) played at the New Plaza Stadium in Chancheng (now demolished). Foshan Fosti mainly played in the second tier, but did play in the eight team top tier in 1993. In 2007, newly created Guangdong Sunray Cave played at Nanhai District Stadium (now demolished), before moving to the Century Lotus Stadium in 2008. Sunray Cave then moved to Guangzhou, although did play the final games of the 2013 China League One back at Century Lotus Stadium. They returned to Guangzhou in 2014 and then disbanded.[22]

## Destinations

[edit]

Foshan Ancestral Temple

* Crowne Plaza Foshan Hotel
* Foshan Ancestral Temple (Zumiao)
* Nanfeng Kiln
* Liang's Garden
* Wong Fei-hung Memorial Hall

## Sister cities

[edit]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

* Itami, Hyōgo Japan
* La Possession, Réunion, France (since 1989)[23]
* Port Louis, Mauritius
* Oakland, California, United States
* Stockton, California, United States
* Markham, Ontario, Canada (Friendly co-operative)
* Townsville, Queensland, Australia
* Medway, United Kingdom
* Starogard Gdański, Poland
* St. George's, Grenada
* Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany (since 2013)[24][25]

## Notable people

[edit]

* Au Tak (1840–1920), Hong Kong entrepreneur
* Jeremy Bray (1930–2002), British politician
* Cai Feihu (born 1964), professor, engineer and businessman
* Cao Yuanhang (born 1991), Paralympian
* Sun Chan (born 1932), Peruvian-Chinese artist
* Chan Wah-shun (c.1836–1906), martial arts teacher of Ip Man
* Chen Jintao (1870–1939), technocrat who founded the Bank of China
* Cheok Hong Cheong (1851–1928), Australian missionary, political activist, writer, and businessman
* Cheng Yu-tung (1925–2016), Hong Kong billionaire
* Cheung Wing-sing (1897–1960), wife of Wing Chun master Ip Man
* Chin Siu-ho (born 1963), Hong Kong actor and martial artist
* Chow Chi-yuen[citation needed] (1900–1971), Hong Kong entrepreneur and the founder of Chow Tai Fook
* Chow Kwen Lim (1928–2016), founder and the chairman of Chow Sang Sang Jewellery Company
* Dang Fong (1877 or 1879–1955), disciple of the Chinese Kung Fu folk hero Wong Fei Hung
* Eu Tong Sen (1877 -1941), businessman in Malaya, Singapore and Hong Kong
* Feng Feng (born 1968), footballer
* Foo Ping-sheung (1895–1965), diplomat and politician in the early Republic of China and later in Taiwan
* Fung Jing Toy (c.1864–1897), American gangster
* Stanley Fung (born 1945), Hong Kong actor and film director
* Merdan Ghappar, model and prisoner
* He Xiangjian (born 1942), co-founder of Midea Group
* Hu Zaobin (1897–1942), painter
* Huang Mingda, diplomat
* Huang Shaoqiang, (1901–1942), artist
* Ip Ching (1936–2020), Hong Kong martial artist
* Ip Chun (born 1924), martial artist and actor in the style of Wing Chun
* Ip Man (1893–1972), Wing Chun grandmaster and instructor of Bruce Lee
* Kang Youwei (1858–1927), political thinker and reformer in China of the late Qing dynasty
* Ko Lai Chak (born 1976), Hong Kong table tennis player
* Kwong Wui Chun (c.1955), Hong Kong businessman
* Lai Shanzhang (born 1992), Paralympic cyclist
* Lam Cho (1910–2012), Hung Ga Grandmaster
* Lam Sai-wing (1861–1943), Hung Gar martial artist
* Law Kar-ying (born 1946), Hong Kong Cantonese opera singer and actor
* Lee Heung-kam (1932–2021), Hong Kong Cantonese opera singer and actress
* Lee Hoi-chuen (1901–1965), opera singer and actor
* Lee Shau-kee (born 1928), Hong Kong business magnate, investor, and philanthropist
* Leung Bik (1843–1911), Wing Chun martial artist
* Leung Chu Yan (born 1979), Hong Kong table tennis player
* Leung Jan (1826–1901), Wing Chun master, doctor and instructor of Ip Man
* Li Jian (born 1989), footballer
* Li Wenfan (1884–1953), revolutionary and politician
* Li Yingjian (born 1991), footballer
* Li Zhaohuan (1898–1969), educator, politician and banker
* Li Ziliu (1932–2022), politician
* Liang Dunyan (1857–1924), Qing dynasty diplomat and politician
* Liang Jiahong (born 1988), sprinter
* Liang Shiyi (1869–1933), minister who served as premier of China
* Liang Yanfen (born 2000), Paralympic athlete
* Liang Youyu (1521–1556), Ming dynasty scholar
* Lin Liang (c.1424－1500), imperial painter
* Anqi Luo (born 1996), Canadian table tennis player
* Luo Zhi (1915–1949), revolutionary activist and leader in Xinjiang
* Ma Man-kei (1919–2014), Chinese-Macanese businessman, tycoon, entrepreneur and politician
* Ma Yexin (born 1999), tennis player
* Mai Shaoyan (born 1979), field hockey player
* Evergreen Mak Cheung-ching (born 1968), Hong Kong actor
* Mok Kwai-lan (1892–1982), fourth spouse of Lingnan martial arts grandmaster Wong Fei-hung
* Antonio Ng (born 1957), Macanese politician
* Ou Daren (1516–1596) Ming dynasty scholar
* Ou Mengjue (1906–1992), politician
* Ou Shizi (1234–1324), Song dynasty scholar
* Pan Kou-ang (born 1939), Taiwanese former sports shooter
* Pan Nam (1911–1995), martial artist and Grandmaster of the Wing Chun style
* Pu Jun Jin (born 1984), racing driver
* Quan Hansheng (1912–2001), economic historian
* Philip Rees (1877–1912), English medical missionary
* So Chan, martial artist and folk hero who lived during the late Qing dynasty
* So Cheung-wing (born 1960), Hong Kong businessman and politician
* Su Changlan (born c.1971), civil rights activist
* Su Xiongfeng (born 1987), long jumper
* Tan Pingshan (1886–1956), revolutionary socialist
* Sun Ma Sze Tsang (1916–1997), Cantonese opera singer and actor in Hong Kong
* Wang Yue, (2009–2011), toddler whose death was attributed to the bystander effect.
* Wang Jingwei (1883–1944), politician
* Wong Fei Hung (1847–1925), Hung Ga master and doctor, honored at a memorial hall in Chancheng
* Wong Kei-ying (c.1815–1886), Hung Ga master, doctor, father of Wong Fei Hung and one of the members of the Ten Tigers of Canton
* Wong Wah-bo, martial artist and opera singer of the late Qing dynasty
* Wu Dixi (born 1962), badminton player
* Wu Jianren (1866–1910), writer of the late Qing period
* Wu Yee-sun (1900–2005), Hong Kong entrepreneur and billionaire
* Xu Liang (1893–1951), diplomat and politician in the Republic of China
* Yam Kim-fai (1912–1989), Cantonese opera actress
* Yang Guoqiang (born 1954), entrepreneur
* Yang Huiyan (born 1981), businesswoman billionaire
* Yang Jiechang (born 1956), contemporary artist
* Yau Lit (1864–1936), revolutionary
* Yuen Kay-shan (1889–1956), Grandmaster of Wing Chun
* Zhou Wanfeng (born 1979), field hockey player
* Zhang Yinhuan (1837–1900), ambassador
* Zheng Yanfen (1902–1990), politician affiliated with the Kuomintang

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "China: Guăngdōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) – Population Statistics, Charts and Map". Citypopulation.de. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
2. ^ 广东省统计局、国家统计局广东调查总队 (August 2016). 《广东统计年鉴－2016》. China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-7837-7. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22.
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4. ^ Theodore Shabad (1956). China's Changing Map: A Political and Economic Geography of the Chinese People's Republic. New York: Frederick A. Praeger. p. 166\. LCCN 55-11530. OCLC 916993074. "With the exception of Shiukwan on the Canton-Hankow railroad, Kwangtung's regional centers are situated along the coast, notably in the Canton delta. There, in addition to Canton, are the cities of Fatshan, Kongmoon and Shekki. The metropolis of western Kwangtung is Tsamkong, and Pakhoi is the chief town of the western panhandle."
5. ^ a b Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "China" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
6. ^ a b c McDermott, Joseph P., State and Court Ritual in China, p. 281.
7. ^ a b c d e f g h Vogel, Ezra F. (October 1990). One Step Ahead in China: Guangdong under Reform. Harvard University Press. p. 182. ISBN 9780674639119. Archived from the original on 2016-10-30. Retrieved 2016-10-30.
8. ^ a b c He, Huifeng (1 October 2020). "Chinese, unable to travel abroad, are flocking to a mock Japanese street in Guangdong". South China Morning Post.
9. ^ Farrell, Samuel. "Foshan". Bing Maps. Archived from the original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved May 28, 2016.
10. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
11. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
12. ^ 疯传佛山周日有暴雪 气象台：不可能是真的 (in Simplified Chinese). Southern Metropolis Daily. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
13. ^ a b "Foshan: From Buddhist Hill to World Manufacturing Centre", MacauHub, 11 September 2015, archived from the original on 5 April 2017, retrieved 30 October 2016.
14. ^ "RightSite.asia | Foshan Hi-Tech Development Zone". Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
15. ^ 中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码 (in Simplified Chinese). Ministry of Civil Affairs. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02.
16. ^ Guangzhou Bureau of Statistics (广州市统计局) (August 2013). 《广州统计年鉴2013》 (in Simplified Chinese). China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6651-0.
17. ^ Ministry of Civil Affairs (August 2014). 《中国民政统计年鉴2014》 (in Simplified Chinese). China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-7130-9.
18. ^ Foshan City Transportation Bureau home page Archived 2015-01-08 at the Wayback Machine Foshan City Transportation Bureau. Retrieved February 1, 2014
19. ^ "FIBA Basketball World Cup 2019 high-ranking LOC officials confirmed, FIBA to open three offices in China". FIBA. 14 June 2016. Archived from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
20. ^ "Guangzhou Asian Games Venues and Transportation". Archived from the original on 2019-04-19. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
21. ^ "The Foshan Tour". European Challenge Tour. PGA European Tour. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
22. ^ "Football in Foshan and why it matters – Wild East Football". wildeastfootball.geezerbuild.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-08. Retrieved 2018-07-08.
23. ^ "Ville de la Possession – Jumelages". Archived from the original on 2012-05-17. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
24. ^ "Stadt Ingolstadt – Aktuelles". Archived from the original on 2017-08-22. Retrieved 2019-12-08.
25. ^ "Ingolstadt und Foshan". 24 October 2013. Archived from the original on 2017-09-21. Retrieved 2014-08-03.

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to Foshan at Wikimedia Commons
* Foshan travel guide from Wikivoyage

Links to related articles

* v
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Guangdong topics

Guangzhou (capital)

General|

* History
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Geography|

* Cities
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Education|

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Culture|

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Cuisine|

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* Category
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County-level divisions of Guangdong Province

Guangzhou (capital)

Sub-provincial
cities|

| Guangzhou|

* Baiyun District
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* Haizhu District
* Huadu District
* Huangpu District
* Liwan District
* Nansha
* Nansha New Area
* Guangdong Free-Trade Zone
* Panyu District
* Tianhe District
* Yuexiu District
* Zengcheng District

|

Shenzhen|

* Bao'an District
* Futian District
* Guangming District
* Longgang District
* Dapeng New District
* Longhua District
* Luohu District
* Nanshan District
* Qianhai SZ-HK MSIC Zone
* Guangdong Free-Trade Zone
* Pingshan District
* Yantian District

Prefecture-level
cities|

| Shaoguan|

* Qujiang District
* Wujiang District
* Zhenjiang District
* Lechang city
* Nanxiong city
* Renhua County
* Shixing County
* Wengyuan County
* Xinfeng County
* Ruyuan County

|

Zhuhai|

* Doumen District
* Jinwan District
* Xiangzhou District
* Hengqin New Area
* Guangdong Free-Trade Zone

Shantou|

* Chaonan District
* Chaoyang District
* Chenghai District
* Haojiang District
* Jinping District
* Longhu District
* Nan'ao County

Foshan|

* Chancheng District
* Gaoming District
* Nanhai District
* Sanshui District
* Shunde District

Jiangmen|

* Jianghai District
* Pengjiang District
* Xinhui District
* Enping city
* Heshan city
* Kaiping city
* Taishan city

Zhanjiang|

* Chikan District
* Mazhang District
* Potou District
* Xiashan District
* Leizhou city
* Lianjiang city
* Wuchuan city
* Suixi County
* Xuwen County

Maoming|

* Maonan District
* Dianbai District
* Gaozhou city
* Huazhou city
* Xinyi city

Zhaoqing|

* Dinghu District
* Duanzhou District
* Gaoyao District
* Sihui city
* Deqing County
* Fengkai County
* Guangning County
* Huaiji County

Huizhou|

* Huicheng District
* Huiyang District
* Boluo County
* Huidong County
* Longmen County

Meizhou|

* Meijiang District
* Meixian District
* Xingning city
* Dabu County
* Fengshun County
* Jiaoling County
* Pingyuan County
* Wuhua County

Shanwei|

* Cheng District
* Lufeng city
* Haifeng County
* Luhe County

Heyuan|

* Yuancheng District
* Heping County
* Lianping County
* Longchuan County
* Dongyuan County
* Zijin County

Yangjiang|

* Jiangcheng District
* Yangdong District
* Yangchun city
* Yangxi County

Qingyuan|

* Qingcheng District
* Qingxin District
* Lianzhou city
* Yingde city
* Fogang County
* Yangshan County
* Liannan County
* Lianshan County

Dongguan|

* v
* t
* e

Dongguan

Chengqu Area*|

* Dongcheng Subdistrict
* Guancheng Subdistrict
* Nancheng Subdistrict
* Wanjiang Subdistrict
* Shijie town
* Gaobu town

Songshanhu Area*|

* Chashan town
* Dalang town
* Dalingshan town
* Liaobu town
* Shilong town
* Shipai town

Dongbu Chanyeyuan Area*|

* Changping town
* Dongkeng town
* Hengli town
* Huangjiang town
* Qiaotou town
* Qishi town
* Xiegang town

Dongnan Linshen Area*|

* Fenggang town
* Qingxi town
* Tangxia town
* Zhongtang town

Binhai Area*|

* Chang'an town
* Houjie town
* Humen town
* Shatian town

Shuixiang Xincheng Area*|

* Daojiao town
* Hongmei town
* Machong town
* Wangniudun town
* Zhangmutou town

* Not a formal administrative subdivision

Zhongshan|

* v
* t
* e

Zhongshan

Zhongxin Area*|

* Dongqu Subdistrict
* Nanqu Subdistrict
* Shiqi Subdistrict
* Xiqu Subdistrict
* Wuguishan Subdistrict
* Gangkou town
* Dachong town
* Shaxi town

Dongbu Area*|

* Zhongshangang Subdistrict
* Nanlang Subdistrict
* Cuiheng New Area

Dongbei Area*|

* Minzhong Subdistrict
* Huangpu town
* Sanjiao town

Xibei Area*|

* Dongfeng town
* Fusha town
* Guzhen town
* Henglan town
* Nantou town
* Xiaolan town

Nanbu Area*|

* Banfu town
* Sanxiang town
* Shenwan town
* Tanzhou town

* Not a formal administrative subdivision

Chaozhou|

* Xiangqiao District
* Chao'an District
* Fengxi Mgmt Dist
* Raoping County

Jieyang|

* Rongcheng District
* Jiedong District
* Puning city
* Huilai County
* Jiexi County

Yunfu|

* Yuncheng District
* Yun'an District
* Luoding city
* Xinxing County
* Yunan County

* Guangdong township-level divisions
* Guangdong Free-Trade Zone

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Largest cities in Guangdong

Source: China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population

| Rank  |  | Pop.  | Rank  |  | Pop.

|
|
|
|
|

1 | Guangzhou | 13,154,200 | 11 | Maoming | 849,700
2 | Shenzhen | 13,026,600 | 12 | Zhaoqing | 820,600
3 | Dongguan | 6,850,300 | 13 | Chaozhou | 775,800
4 | Shantou | 2,796,400 | 14 | Shaoguan | 647,300
5 | Zhuhai | 2,779,800 | 15 | Puning | 619,100
6 | Huizhou | 2,396,400 | 16 | Zhongshan | 572,000
7 | Foshan | 1,872,500 | 17 | Qingyuan | 534,200
8 | Jiangmen | 1,386,500 | 18 | Yangjiang | 507,800
9 | Zhanjiang | 917,800 | 19 | Meizhou | 469,500
10 | Jieyang | 860,000 | 20 | Gaozhou | 364,400

* v
* t
* e

Prefecture-level divisions of China

Notes: *Provincial capitals, ★Sub-provincial cities, ☆Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture *Sub prefectural-level divisions, ✧"Comparatively larger city [zh]" (较大的市) as approved by the State Council

| Provinces|

| Anhui|

* *Hefei
* Wuhu
* Bengbu
* Huainan
* Ma'anshan
* Huaibei
* Tongling
* Anqing
* Huangshan
* Chuzhou
* Fuyang
* Suzhou
* Lu'an
* Bozhou
* Chizhou
* Xuancheng

|

Fujian|

* *Fuzhou
* ★Xiamen
* Putian
* Sanming
* Quanzhou
* Zhangzhou
* Nanping
* Longyan
* Ningde

Gansu|

* *Lanzhou
* Jiayuguan
* Jinchang
* Baiyin
* Tianshui
* Wuwei
* Zhangye
* Pingliang
* Jiuquan
* Qingyang
* Dingxi
* Longnan
* Linxia (Hui)
* Gannan (Tibetan)

Guangdong|

* *★Guangzhou
* ★Shenzhen
* Shaoguan
* Zhuhai
* Shantou
* Foshan
* Jiangmen
* Zhanjiang
* Maoming
* Zhaoqing
* Huizhou
* Meizhou
* Yangjiang
* Shanwei
* Heyuan
* Qingyuan
* Dongguan
* Zhongshan
* Jieyang
* Yunfu

Guizhou|

* *Guiyang
* Liupanshui
* Zunyi
* Anshun
* Bijie
* Tongren
* Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)
* Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)
* Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)

Hainan|

* *Haikou
* Sanya
* Danzhou
* Sansha
* *Wuzhishan
* *Qionghai
* *Wenchang
* *Wanning
* *Dongfang
* *Ding'an County
* *Tunchang County
* *Chengmai County
* *Lingao County
* *Baisha County (Li)
* *Changjiang County (Li)
* *Ledong County (Li)
* *Lingshui County (Li)
* *Baoting County (Li and Miao)
* *Qiongzhong County (Li and Miao)

Hebei|

* *Shijiazhuang
* ✧Tangshan
* Qinhuangdao
* Handan
* Xingtai
* Baoding
* Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"
* Chengde
* Cangzhou
* Langfang
* Hengshui

Henan|

* *Zhengzhou
* Kaifeng
* Luoyang
* Pingdingshan
* Anyang
* Hebi
* Xinxiang
* Jiaozuo
* Puyang
* Xuchang
* Luohe
* Sanmenxia
* Nanyang
* Shangqiu
* Xinyang
* Zhoukou
* Zhumadian
* *Jiyuan

Hubei|

* *★Wuhan
* Huangshi
* Shiyan
* Yichang
* Xiangyang
* Ezhou
* Jingmen
* Xiaogan
* Jingzhou
* Huanggang
* Xianning
* Suizhou
* Enshi (Tujia and Miao)
* *Xiantao
* *Qianjiang
* *Tianmen
* *Shennongjia Forestry District

Heilongjiang|

* *★Harbin
* Qiqihar
* Jixi
* Hegang
* Shuangyashan
* Daqing
* Yichun
* Jiamusi
* Qitaihe
* Mudanjiang
* Heihe
* Suihua
* Daxing'anling Prefecture

Hunan|

* *Changsha
* Zhuzhou
* Xiangtan
* Hengyang
* Shaoyang
* Yueyang
* Changde
* Zhangjiajie
* Yiyang
* Chenzhou
* Yongzhou
* Huaihua
* Loudi
* Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)

Jilin|

* *★Changchun
* Jilin
* Siping
* Liaoyuan
* Tonghua
* Baishan
* Songyuan
* Baicheng
* Yanbian (Korean)

Jiangsu|

* *★Nanjing
* Wuxi
* Xuzhou
* Changzhou
* ✧Suzhou
* Nantong
* Lianyungang
* Huai'an
* Yancheng
* Yangzhou
* Zhenjiang
* Taizhou
* Suqian

Jiangxi|

* *Nanchang
* Jingdezhen
* Pingxiang
* Jiujiang
* Xinyu
* Yingtan
* Ganzhou
* Ji'an
* Yichun
* Fuzhou
* Shangrao

Liaoning|

* *★Shenyang
* ★Dalian
* Anshan
* Fushun
* Benxi
* Dandong
* Jinzhou
* Yingkou
* Fuxin
* Liaoyang
* Panjin
* Tieling
* Chaoyang
* Huludao

Qinghai|

* *Xining
* Haidong
* Haibei (Tibetan)
* Huangnan (Tibetan)
* Hainan (Tibetan)
* Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)
* Yushu (Tibetan)
* Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)

Sichuan|

* *★Chengdu
* Zigong
* Panzhihua
* Luzhou
* Deyang
* Mianyang
* Guangyuan
* Suining
* Neijiang
* Leshan
* Nanchong
* Meishan
* Yibin
* Guang'an
* Dazhou
* Bazhong
* Ziyang
* Ya'an
* Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)
* Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)
* Liangshan (Yi)

Shaanxi|

* *★Xi'an
* Tongchuan
* Baoji
* Xianyang
* Weinan
* Yan'an
* Hanzhong
* Yulin
* Ankang
* Shangluo

Shandong|

* *★Jinan
* ★Qingdao
* Zibo
* Zaozhuang
* Dongying
* Yantai
* Weifang
* Jining
* Tai'an
* Weihai
* Rizhao
* Linyi
* Dezhou
* Liaocheng
* Binzhou
* Heze

Shanxi|

* *Taiyuan
* Datong
* Yangquan
* Changzhi
* Jincheng
* Shuozhou
* Jinzhong
* Yuncheng
* Xinzhou
* Linfen
* Lüliang

Taiwan|

* *Taibei
* Gaoxiong
* Xinbei
* Taizhong
* Tainan
* Taoyuan

Yunnan|

* *Kunming
* Qujing
* Yuxi
* Baoshan
* Zhaotong
* Lijiang
* Pu'er
* Lincang
* Chuxiong (Yi)
* Honghe (Hani and Yi)
* Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)
* Xishuangbanna (Dai)
* Dali (Bai)
* Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)
* Nujiang (Lisu)
* Dêqên (Tibetan)

Zhejiang|

* *★Hangzhou
* ★Ningbo
* ✧Wenzhou
* Jiaxing
* Huzhou
* Shaoxing
* Jinhua
* Quzhou
* Zhoushan
* Taizhou
* Lishui

Autonomous
regions|

| Guangxi|

* *Nanning
* Liuzhou
* Guilin
* Wuzhou
* Beihai
* Fangchenggang
* Qinzhou
* Guigang
* Yulin
* Baise
* Hezhou
* Hechi
* Laibin
* Chongzuo

|

Ningxia|

* *Yinchuan
* Shizuishan
* Wuzhong
* Guyuan
* Zhongwei

Inner
Mongolia|

* *Hohhot
* ✧Baotou
* Wuhai
* Chifeng "Ulankhad"
* Tongliao
* Ordos
* Hulunbuir
* Bayannur "Bayannao'er"
* Ulanqab
* Hinggan League
* Xilingol League
* Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"

Xinjiang|

* *Ürümqi
* Karamay
* Turpan
* Hami
* Changji (Hui)
* Bortala (Mongol)
* Bayingolin (Mongol)
* Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)
* ( ☆Ili (Kazakh)
* Tacheng Prefecture
* Altay Prefecture )
* Aksu Prefecture
* Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture
* Hotan Prefecture
* *Shihezi
* *Aral
* *Tumxuk
* *Wujiaqu
* *Beitun
* *Tiemenguan
* *Shuanghe
* *Kokdala
* *Kunyu
* *Huyanghe
* *Xinxing

Tibet|

* *Lhasa
* Shigatse "Xigazê"
* Chamdo "Qamdo"
* Nyingchi "Linzhi"
* Shannan
* Nagqu
* Ngari Prefecture

| Direct-administered municipalities|

* Beijing
* Tianjin
* Shanghai
* Chongqing

|

Special administrative regions|

* Hong Kong
* Macau

See also: List of prefectures in China, List of cities in China

* v
* t
* e

Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region (Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area)

Pearl River Delta Economic Zone

Guangdong Province|

* Guangzhou
* Panyu
* Huadu
* Nansha
* Zengcheng
* Conghua
* Shenzhen
* Bao'an
* Zhuhai
* Hengqin
* Dongguan
* Zhongshan
* Cuiheng
* Foshan
* Jiangmen
* Enping
* Taishan
* Kaiping
* Heshan
* Huizhou
* Zhaoqing
* Sihui
* Gaoyao

Special administrative regions|

* Hong Kong
* New Territories
* Kowloon
* Hong Kong Island
* Macau
* Macau Peninsula
* Taipa
* Coloane
* Cotai

* v
* t
* e

Major cities along the Pearl River

Cities (from upper reaches to lower reaches)

Major
tributaries|

* v
* t
* e

Bei River

Bei|

* Nanxiong
* Shaoguan
* Zhenjiang
* Wujiang
* Qujiang
* Yingde
* Qingyuan
* Qingxin
* Qingcheng
* Foshan
* Sanshui
* waterways with Xi
* Nanhai
* Chancheng
* Sanshui
* Guangzhou
* Panyu
* Nansha
* merged into the Shiziyang

* v
* t
* e

Dong River

Dong|

* Heyuan
* Yuancheng
* Huizhou
* Huicheng
* Dongguan
* Guangzhou
* Zengcheng
* Huangpu
* merged into the Shiziyang

* v
* t
* e

Xi River

Xi|

| Gui→Li|

* Guilin
* Diecai
* Qixing
* Xiufeng
* Xiangshan
* Yanshan
* Wuzhou
* Changzhou
* Wanxiu
* merged into the Xi

|

Xun|

| Yong→Yu|

| Zuo|

* Chongzuo
* Jiangzhou
* Nanning
* Jiangnan
* Xixiangtang
* merged into the Yong→Yu

|

You|

* Baise
* Youjiang
* Nanning
* Xixiangtang
* merged into the Yong→Yu

* tributaries of Zuo & You
* Nanning
* Jiangnan
* Xixiangtang
* Qingxiu
* Liangqing
* Yongning
* Guigang
* Qintang
* Gangnan
* Gangbei
* Guiping
* merged into the Xun

Qian|

| Liu|

| Long|

* Hechi
* Jinchengjiang
* Yizhou
* merged into the Liu

|

Rong|

* Liuzhou
* Liubei
* Liunan
* Chengzhong
* Yufeng
* merged into the Liu

* tributaries of Long & Rong
* merged into the Qian

Hongshui|

| Beipan|

* Xuanwei
* Liupanshui
* Liuzhi
* merged into the Hongshui

|

Nanpan|

* Qujing
* Qilin
* merged into the Hongshui

* tributaries of Beipan & Nanpan
* Heshan
* Laibin
* Xingbin
* merged into the Qian

* tributaries of Liu & Hongshui
* Guiping
* merged into the Xun

* tributaries of Yong→Yu & Qian
* Wuzhou
* Changzhou
* Longxu
* Wanxiu
* merged into the Xi

* tributaries of Gui→Li & Xun
* Wuzhou
* Wanxiu
* Yunfu
* Yun'an
* Zhaoqing
* Gaoyao
* Duanzhou
* Dinghu
* Foshan
* Sanshui
* waterways with Bei
* Gaoming
* Nanhai
* Shunde
* Heshan
* Jiangmen
* Pengjiang
* waterways with Shiziyang & Lingdingyang
* Zhongshan
* Jiangmen
* Jianghai
* Xinhui
* Zhuhai
* Doumen
* Jinwan
* Xiangzhou
* South China Sea

Pearl River

Pearl|

* Guangzhou (Baiyun
* Liwan
* Haizhu
* Yuexiu
* Tianhe
* Huangpu)
* Foshan (Nanhai)
* Dongguan
* Shiziyang

Shiziyang|

* Pearl
* tributary of Dong
* Dongguan
* Guangzhou
* Panyu
* tributary of Bei
* Nansha
* waterways with Xi
* Lingdingyang

Lingdingyang|

* Shiziyang
* Guangzhou
* Nansha
* waterways with Xi
* Zhongshan
* Shenzhen
* Bao'an
* Guangming
* Longhua
* Nanshan
* Futian
* Luohu
* Yantian
* Longgang
* Pingshan
* Dapeng
* Zhuhai
* Xiangzhou
* Jinwan
* Doumen
* Hong Kong
* New Territories
* Hong Kong Island
* Kowloon
* Macau
* Macau Peninsula
* Jiuzhouyang

Jiuzhouyang|

* Lingdingyang
* Macau
* Taipa
* Coloane
* Cotai
* South China Sea

Major cities along the Yangtze River · Major cities along the Yellow River

* v
* t
* e

World's 50 most-populous urban areas

|    |

1. Tokyo
2. Jakarta
3. Delhi
4. Guangzhou–Foshan
5. Mumbai
6. Manila
7. Shanghai
8. Seoul
9. Cairo
10. Mexico City

11. Kolkata
12. São Paulo
13. New York
14. Karachi
15. Dhaka
16. Bangkok
17. Beijing
18. Moscow
19. Shenzhen
20. Buenos Aires

21. Los Angeles
22. Johannesburg-Pretoria
23. Bengaluru
24. Chengdu
25. Ho Chi Minh City
26. Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto
27. Lagos
28. Istanbul
29. Lahore
30. Kinshasa–Brazzaville

31. Tehran
32. Chongqing
33. Rio de Janeiro
34. Xi'an
35. Chennai
36. Paris
37. Zhengzhou
38. Luanda
39. London
40. Dongguan

41. Lima
42. Wuhan
43. Bogotá
44. Tianjin
45. Hyderabad
46. Taipei
47. Hangzhou
48. Nagoya
49. Surabaya
50. Bandung

|
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Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

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* Germany
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Other|

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