Found object (music)

Classification of musical instruments

A "bowafridgeaphone" made by Iner Souster constructed from objects including refrigerator grates, a bundt cake pan and a metal salad bowl[1]

Found objects are sometimes used in music, often to add unusual percussive elements to a work. Their use in such contexts is as old as music itself, as the original invention of musical instruments almost certainly developed from the sounds of natural objects rather than from any specifically designed instruments.[2]

## Use in classical and experimental music

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The use of found objects in modern classical music is often connected to experiments in indeterminacy and aleatoric music by such composers as John Cage and Karlheinz Stockhausen. However, it has reached its ascendancy in those areas of popular music as well, such as the ambient works of Brian Eno. In Eno's influential work, found objects are credited on many tracks.[3] The ambient music movement which followed Eno's lead has also made use of such sounds, with notable exponents being performers such as Future Sound of London and Autechre, and natural sounds have also been incorporated into many pieces of new-age music. Also other builders like Yuri Landman, Harry Partch[4] (for example his famous cloud chamber bowl instrument),[5] Pierre Bastien, Iner Souster often incorporate found material in their works. Erik Satie's Parade is also an example of this unconventional type of compositional practice.[6][7]

## Use in popular music

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Einstürzende Neubauten became known for incorporating a wide range of found objects in their percussion gear. A more recent example of found objects being used as percussion instruments is Shawn "Clown" Crahan from the nu metal band Slipknot, who beats a beer keg with a baseball bat to the beat of the song. The Dodos also played a garbage bin as a part of their percussion gear. Wall of Voodoo drummer Joe Nanini would commonly use pots and pans instead of conventional drums. Many street drummers perform with empty plastic baskets.

The band Neptune uses VCR-casings, scrap metal and all kinds of other found objects to create experimental musical instruments.[8][9]

Found objects have occasionally been featured in very well-known pop songs: "You Still Believe In Me" from the Beach Boys' Pet Sounds features bicycle bells and horns as part of the orchestral arrangements.[10]

### Found sounds

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The use of found objects in music takes one of two general forms: either objects are deliberately recorded, with their sound used directly or in processed form, or previous recordings are sampled for use as part of a work (the latter often being referred to simply as "found sound" or "sampling"). With the improvement and easy accessibility of sampling technology since the 1980s, this second method has flourished and is a major component of much modern popular music, particularly in such genres as hip hop. Found sounds are also used significantly in certain areas of Industrial music, especially metallic sounds that are the result of hitting or belabouring solid metal objects and surfaces.

## Examples

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* Great Stalacpipe Organ

## See also

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* Experimental musical instrument
* Found object
* Sampling (music)
* Sound collage

## References

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1. ^ "Bowafridgeaphone - odd unique strange experimental weird musical instrument by Iner Souster". www.oddmusic.com.
2. ^ See "The Music of Man", Y. Menuhin and C.W. Davis, Methuen, Toronto, 1979
3. ^ These include his work with David Byrne on "My Life in the Bush of Ghosts" and on several tracks of his solo album "Before and After Science", where they are listed with such names as "metallics"
4. ^ "Harry Partch | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
5. ^ "Instruments of Harry Partch: Cloud-Chamber Bowls". Corporeal.com. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
6. ^ The Art of the Commonplace: Found Sounds in Compositional Practice
7. ^ Eisinger, Dale (2013-04-09). "The 25 Best Performance Art Pieces of All Time". Complex. Retrieved 2021-02-28.
8. ^ Jed Heneberry (2008-02-15). "Neptune creates new instruments, album". Boston Music Spotlight. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved 5 Feb 2009.
9. ^ Gretchen Hasse (December 3, 2007). "Electro-Harmonix Memory Man and Micro Synth are Keys to Neptune's Noise Kingdom". gearwire.com. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved 5 Feb 2009.
10. ^ "You Still Believe In Me (Stereo / Remastered)". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-12. Retrieved 19 April 2021.

## Further reading

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* Martin J. Junker: Buchhaltung – Percussion octet with books. Norsk Musikforlag, Oslo 2011
* Martin J. Junker: Pop up! – Percussion octet (quartet) for pop-up garden waste bags. Gretel-Verlag, Dinklage 2021 http://www.gretel-verlag.de/de/index.htm