Fourth Nigerian Republic

Current government of Nigeria, since 1999

Federal Republic of Nigeria

* Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya (Hausa)
* Ọ̀hàńjíkọ̀ Ọ̀hànézè Naìjíríyà (Igbo)
* Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìniira Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà (Yoruba)

Flag

Coat of arms

Motto: "Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress"
Anthem: "Nigeria, We Hail Thee"

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Capital| Abuja
9°4′N 7°29′E﻿ / ﻿9.067°N 7.483°E﻿ / 9.067; 7.483
Largest city| Lagos
Official languages| English
National languages|

* Hausa
* Igbo
* Yoruba

Regional languages[1]| Over 525 languages[2]
Ethnic groups

(2018)[3]

* 30% Hausa
* 15.5% Yoruba
* 15.2% Igbo
* 6% Fulani
* 2.4% Tiv
* 2.4% Kanuri
* 1.8% Ibibio
* 1.8% Ijaw
* 19.9% other

Demonym(s)| Nigerian
Government| Federal presidential republic

• President

| Bola Tinubu

• Vice President

| Kashim Shettima

• Senate President

| Godswill Akpabio

• House Speaker

| Tajudeen Abbas

• Chief Justice

| Kudirat Kekere-Ekun
Legislature| National Assembly

• Upper house

| Senate

• Lower house

| House of Representatives
Formation

• Current constitution adopted

| 29 May 1999
Area

• Total

| 923,769 km2 (356,669 sq mi) (31st)

• Water (%)

| 1.4
Population

• 2023 estimate

|  236,747,130[4] (6th)

• Density

| 249.8/km2 (647.0/sq mi) (42nd)
GDP (PPP)| 2024 estimate

• Total

|  $1.443 trillion[5] (27th)

• Per capita

|  $6,340[5] (142nd)
GDP (nominal)| 2024 estimate

• Total

|  $252.738 billion[5] (53rd)

• Per capita

|  $1,110[5] (167th)
Gini (2020)|  35.1[6]
medium inequality
HDI (2023)|  0.560[7]
medium (164th)
Currency| Naira (₦) (NGN)
Time zone| UTC+01:00 (WAT)
Date format| dd/mm/yyyy
Calling code| +234
ISO 3166 code| NG
Internet TLD| .ng

Preceded by |

|

|  | Military dictatorship in Nigeria

|

Politics of Nigeria

Constitution

* Human rights

Government

* President (list)

Bola Tinubu
* Vice President

Kashim Shettima
* Cabinet
* Federal Parastatals

Legislature

* National Assembly of Nigeria

* * *

* Senate

* * *

* President Godswill Akpabio (APC)

* Deputy President Barau Jibrin (APC)
* (List of members of the Senate)

* * *

* House of Representatives

* * *

* Speaker Tajudeen Abbas (APC)

* Deputy Speaker Benjamin Kalu (APC)
* (List of members of the House)

* * *

* State delegations

* * *

* Abia
* Adamawa
* Akwa Ibom
* Anambra
* Bauchi
* Bayelsa
* Benue
* Borno
* Cross River
* Delta
* Ebonyi
* Edo
* Ekiti
* Enugu
* Gombe
* Imo
* Jigawa
* Kaduna
* Kano
* Katsina
* Kebbi
* Kogi
* Kwara
* Lagos
* Nasarawa
* Niger
* Ogun
* Ondo
* Osun
* Oyo
* Plateau
* Rivers
* Sokoto
* Taraba
* Yobe
* Zamfara
* FCT

Judiciary

* Supreme Court

Subdivisions

* States

State governors
* Local Government Areas

Elections

* Recent elections

* Parliamentary:2015
* 2019
* 2023

* Political parties
* Electoral Commission

Foreign relations

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Minister: Yusuf Tuggar

* * *

* Diplomatic missions of / in Nigeria

* * *

* Nationality law
* Passport
* Visa requirements
* Visa policy

Nigeria portal

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

The Fourth Republic is the current republican government of Nigeria. Since 1999, it has governed the country according to the fourth republican constitution. Nigeria adopted the constitution of the Fourth Republic on 29 May 1999.[9]

## Founding

[edit]

Following the death of the military dictator and de facto ruler of Nigeria, General Sani Abacha in 1998, his successor General Abdulsalami Abubakar initiated the transition which heralded Nigeria's return to democratic rule in 1999. The ban on political activities was lifted, and political prisoners were released from detention facilities. The constitution was styled after the ill-fated Second Republic — which saw the Westminster system of government jettisoned for an American presidential system. Political parties were formed (People's Democratic Party (PDP), All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP), and Alliance for Democracy (AD)), and elections were set for April 1999. In the widely monitored 1999 election, former military ruler Olusegun Obasanjo was elected on the PDP platform. On 29 May 1999, Obasanjo was sworn in as President and Commander-in-Chief of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

In the controversial general election on 21 April 2007, Umaru Yar'Adua of the PDP was elected president.

Following the death of Umaru Yar'Adua on 5 May 2010, Goodluck Jonathan became the third president(Interim)[10] and later won the election the following year which was largely accredited as freer and fairer than all the previous elections of the 4th Republic.[11] Muhammadu Buhari then won the general elections on 28 March 2015 after the PDP rule of sixteen years (1999–2015).[12]

On 29 May 2015, Buhari was sworn in as President of Nigeria, becoming the first opposition figure to win a presidential election since independence in 1960.[13] On 29 May 2019, Muhammadu Buhari was sworn in for a second term as Nigeria's president, after winning the presidential election in February 2019.[14]

The ruling All Progressives Congress (APC) candidate, Bola Tinubu, won the February 2023 presidential election to succeed Muhammadu Buhari as the next president of Nigeria. However, the opposition had accusations of electoral fraud in polls.[15] On 29 May 2023, Bola Tinubu was sworn in as Nigeria’s president to succeed Buhari.[16]

## Political parties

[edit]

### Major parties

[edit]

* All Progressives Congress (APC) - ruling party
* People's Democratic Party (PDP) - opposition party

Defunct major opposition

* All People's Party (APP)
* Alliance for Democracy (AD)
* All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP)
* Congress for Progressive Change (CPC)

### Minor parties

[edit]

Accord  | A

|

Action Alliance  | AA
Action Democratic Party | ADP
Action Peoples Party  | APP
African Action Congress | AAC
African Democratic Congress | ADC
All Progressives Grand Alliance | APGA
Allied Peoples Movement | APM
Boot Party  | BP
Labour Party | LP
National Rescue Movement  | NRM
New Nigeria Peoples Party  | NNPP
Peoples Redemption Party | PRP
Social Democratic Party | SDP
Young Progressive Party | YPP
Zenith Labour Party  | ZLP

## Presidents

[edit]

Presidents during the Nigerian Fourth Republic  President | Term | Party

|
|

Olusegun Obasanjo | 29 May 1999 – 29 May 2007 | PDP
Umaru Yar'Adua | 29 May 2007 – 5 May 2010 | PDP
Goodluck Jonathan | 6 May 2010 – 29 May 2015 | PDP
Muhammadu Buhari | 29 May 2015 – 29 May 2023 | APC
Bola Tinubu | 29 May 2023 – present | APC

## Constitutional amendments

[edit]

* Third Term Agenda

## See also

[edit]

* Nigerian First Republic (1963–66)
* Nigerian Second Republic (1979–83)
* Nigerian Third Republic (1992–93)

## Further reading

[edit]

* John A. Ayoade, and Adeoye A. Akinsanya, eds. Nigeria's Critical Election, 2011 (Lexington Books; 2012)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Languages of Nigeria". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
2. ^ Blench, Roger (2014). An Atlas Of Nigerian Languages. Oxford: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
3. ^ "Africa: Nigeria". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
4. ^ "Nigeria". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency.
5. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Nigeria)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
6. ^ "Poverty and Inequality Index". National Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
7. ^ "Human Development Report 2023/24". United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
8. ^ Akinbode, Ayomide (2 April 2019). "Why Nigeria changed from Right-Hand Drive to Left-Hand Drive in 1972". thehistoryville.com. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021. "The terms 'right- and left-hand drive' refer to the position of the driver in the vehicle and are the reverse of the terms 'right- and left-hand traffic'."
9. ^ "June 12, NASS and Nigeria's Fourth Republic". Punch Newspapers. 2019-06-12. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
10. ^ "Goodluck Jonathan wins vote to run in Nigeria's April election". The Guardian. Associated Press. 14 January 2011.
11. ^ "Nigeria election: Riots over Goodluck Jonathan win". BBC News. 17 April 2011.
12. ^ "Nigeria election: Muhammadu Buhari wins presidency". BBC News. 31 March 2015.
13. ^ "Nigeria's President Buhari promises change at inauguration". BBC News. 29 May 2015.
14. ^ Abang, Mercy. "Nigeria's Muhammadu Buhari sworn in for second term as president". www.aljazeera.com.
15. ^ "Who is Bola Tinubu, Nigeria's president-elect?". www.aljazeera.com.
16. ^ "Bola Tinubu sworn in as Nigeria's president, succeeds Buhari". www.aljazeera.com.

* The History of Nigeria
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Heads of state of Nigeria

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