Franco-Thai War

1940–41 conflict in French Indochina

Franco-Thai War

Part of the aftermath of the Japanese invasion of French Indochina, the South-East Asian theatre of World War II and the Pacific Theater of World War II

Plaek Phibunsongkhram observing a captured flag of the Foreign Infantry Regiment, after defeating them at the battle of Phum Preav.
| Date| October 1940 – 28 January 1941[a]

|

Location|

French Indochina, Laos, Cambodia

Result|

Indecisive[1]

* Japanese-mediated armistice[2]

Territorial
changes|  Disputed territories in French Indochina ceded to Thailand[3]: 22 [4]: 78
Belligerents

Vichy France

* French Indochina

Thailand

Supported by:
Japan
Commanders and leaders
Jean Decoux|  Plaek Phibunsongkhram
Strength
50,000 men
(38,000 colonials)
20 light tanks
100 aircraft
1 light cruiser
4 avisos|  60,000 men
134 tanks
140 aircraft[5]
3 coastal defense ships
12 torpedo boats
4 submarines
Casualties and losses
Land:
321 killed or wounded
178 missing
222 captured
22 aircraft destroyed
Sea:
11 killed[6][7]
Total: 721+ casualties|  Land:
54 killed[8]
307 wounded
21 captured
8–13 aircraft destroyed
Sea:
36 killed[6][7]
3 torpedo boats sunk[6]
1 coastal defense ship grounded
Total:
418[6][7] casualties

1. ^ Fighting ended with a ceasefire on January 28 and the war formally ended with a peace treaty on May 9

* v
* t
* e

Franco-Thai War

* 1940 Cochinchina uprising
* Battle of Phum Preav
* Đô Lương mutiny
* Battle of Ko Chang
* Battle of Angkor
* Battle of Banphlao

* v
* t
* e

French Indochina in World War II

1940

* Japanese invasion of French Indochina
* 1940 Bắc Sơn uprising
* Franco-Thai War
* 1940 Cochinchina uprising
* Đô Lương mutiny
* Battle of Phum Preav
* Battle of Ko Chang

1941

* Battle of Angkor

1942

* Chinese bombing of Gia Lam airport

1943

* US bombing of Haiphong harbour
* 1943 Chinese bombing of Vietnam

1944

* Khai Phat and Na Ngan

1945

* 1st US bombing of Saigon Naval Shipyard
* 2nd US bombing of Saigon Naval Shipyard
* US bombing of Phnom Penh
* 1945 Ba Tơ uprising
* Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
* US bombing of Saigon area and Cam Ranh Bay
* August Revolution

* v
* t
* e

Military actions of Vichy France during World War II

1940

* Mers-el-Kébir
* Gibraltar
* Dakar
* Gabon
* 1st French Indochina
* Bắc Sơn uprising [vi]
* Franco-Thai War
* Cochinchina uprising
* Đô Lương mutiny
* Phum Preav
* Ko Chang

1941

* Angkor
* Syria–Lebanon
* Saint Pierre and Miquelon

1942

* Madagascar
* Torch
* Terminal
* Reservist
* Case Anton
* Toulon
* Réunion

1944

* Maquis des Glières
* Mont Mouchet
* Vercours
* Paris
* Phai Khắt and Nà Ngần

1945

* Ba Tơ uprising
* 2nd French Indochina

* v
* t
* e

South-East Asian Theater

French Indochina

* Franco-Thai War
* Ko Chang
* Invasion
* Coup de main
* August Revolution

* * *

Thailand

* Invasion
* Air raids

* * *

Malaya and Singapore

* Invasion
* 1st Singapore
* Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse
* Jitra
* Krohcol
* Gurun
* Kampar
* Slim River
* Gemas
* Muar
* Parit Sulong Massacre
* Endau
* 2nd Singapore

* * *

Dutch East Indies

* 1st Borneo
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* Tarakan
* Balikpapan
* Ambon
* Makassar Strait
* Sumatra
* Palembang
* Badung Strait
* Timor
* USS Langley
* 1st Java Sea
* Sunda Strait
* Java
* 2nd Java Sea
* 8 June 1945
* 2nd Borneo
* Tarakan
* North Borneo
* Balikpapan

* * *

Indian Ocean

* 27 February 1941
* 8 May 1941
* Sydney vs Kormoran
* Japanese raiders
* Andaman and Nicobar
* Homfreyganj massacre
* Christmas Island
* 1st Indian Ocean
* Easter Sunday Raid
* Madagascar
* Cocos Islands mutiny
* Réunion
* 13 November 1943
* 11 January 1944
* 14 February 1944
* 2nd Indian Ocean
* 17 July 1944

* * *

Burma, India and China

Japanese invasion of Burma

* Bilin River
* Sittang Bridge
* Pegu
* Taukkyan
* Yunnan-Burma Road
* Tachiao
* Oktwin
* Toungoo
* Shwedaung
* Prome
* Yenangyaung

Burma campaign (1942–1943)

* Arakan
* The Hump
* Chindits

Burma campaign (1944)

* Chindits (II)
* Admin Box
* U Go
* Imphal
* Sangshak
* Tennis Court
* Kohima
* Myitkyina
* Mogaung
* Mount Song

Burma campaign (1944–1945)

* Meiktila & Mandalay
* Pakokku
* Hill 170
* Ramree Island
* Tanlwe Chaung
* Dracula
* Elephant Point
* Sittang Bend

* v
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Pacific War

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* Pearl Harbor
* Marshalls–Gilberts raids
* K
* Doolittle Raid
* Midway
* Gilberts and Marshalls
* Marianas and Palau
* Volcano and Ryukyu
* Truk
* Ocean Island

Indian Ocean (1941–1945)

* Japanese merchant raids
* Andaman Islands
* Homfreyganj massacre
* Christmas Island
* 1st Indian Ocean
* Ceylon
* Bay of Bengal
* 2nd Indian Ocean

Southeast Asia

* Indochina (1940)
* Franco-Thai War
* Thailand
* Malaya
* Hong Kong
* Singapore
* Indochina (1945)
* Malacca Strait
* Vietnam
* Jurist
* Tiderace
* Zipper
* Strategic bombing (1944–45)

Burma and India

* Burma (1941–42)
* Burma (1942–43)
* Burma and India (1944)
* Burma (1944–45)

Southwest Pacific

* Dutch East Indies (1941–42)
* Philippines (1941–42)
* RY
* Solomon Islands
* Coral Sea
* Timor
* Australia
* New Guinea
* New Britain
* Philippines (1944–45)
* Borneo (1945)

North America

* Ellwood
* Aleutian Islands
* Estevan Point Lighthouse
* Fort Stevens
* Lookout Air Raids
* Fire balloon bombs
* Project Hula
* PX

Japan

* Air raids
* Tokyo
* Yokosuka
* Kure
* Hiroshima and Nagasaki
* Mariana Islands
* Volcano and Ryukyu Islands
* Starvation
* Naval bombardments
* Sagami Bay
* South Sakhalin
* Kuril Islands
* Shumshu
* Downfall
* Japanese surrender

Manchuria and Northern Korea

* Kantokuen
* Manchuria (1945)
* Mutanchiang
* Chongjin

* * *

Second Sino-Japanese War

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Military campaigns of the Empire of Japan

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* First

Second

*     * Laotian Civil War
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Third

* Khmer Rouge–Vietnamese
* Cambodian Conflict
* Cambodian–Thai border
* Sino-Vietnamese
* Sino-Vietnamese border and naval conflicts
* Hmong insurgency
* FULRO insurgency
* Thai–Laotian Border War

The Franco-Thai War (October 1940 – 28 January 1941, Thai: กรณีพิพาทอินโดจีน, romanized: Karani Phiphat Indochin; French: Guerre franco-thaïlandaise) was fought between Thailand and Vichy France over certain areas of French Indochina.

Negotiations shortly before World War II had shown that the French government was willing to alter the boundaries between Thailand and French Indochina, but only slightly. Following the Fall of France in 1940, Major-General Plaek Phibunsongkhram (popularly known as "Phibun"), the prime minister of Thailand, decided that France's defeat strengthened the Thais' negotiating position to regain the vassal state territories that were ceded to France during King Chulalongkorn's reign.

The German and Italian military occupation of Metropolitan France rendered France's hold on French Indochina and its other overseas territories tenuous. The colonial administration was cut off from outside help and supplies. After the invasion of French Indochina in September 1940, Japan forced the French to allow them to set up military bases. The seemingly subservient behavior of the French lulled the Phibun regime into believing that France would not seriously resist a military confrontation by Thailand.

## Opposing forces

[edit]

### French

[edit]

The French military forces in Indochina consisted of an army of approximately 50,000 men, 12,000 of whom were French, organized into forty-one infantry battalions, two artillery regiments, and a battalion of engineers.[9] The Vichy French Army had a shortage of armor, and it could field only 20 Renault FT tanks against the nearly one hundred Royal Thai Army armored vehicles. The bulk of the French forces stationed near the Thai border consisted of the Indochinese infantry of the 3rd and 4th Regiments of Tonkinese Rifles (Tirailleurs Tonkinois), together with a battalion of Montagnards (indigenous Vietnamese highlanders), French regulars of the Colonial Infantry (Troupes coloniales), and French Foreign Legion units.[10]

The Vichy French Navy had the light cruiser Lamotte-Picquet and four avisos in French Indochina.

The Vichy French Air Force (Armée de l'Air) had approximately 100 aircraft, of which roughly 60 could be considered front-line. These included thirty Potez 25 TOE reconnaissance/fighter-bombers, four Farman 221 heavy bombers, six Potez 542 bombers, nine Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighters, and eight Loire 130 reconnaissance/bomber flying boats.[11]

### Thai

[edit]

The slightly larger Thai Army was a relatively well-equipped force.[12] Consisting of 60,000 men, it was made up of four armies. The largest were the "Burapha Army" with five divisions and the "Isan Army" with three divisions. Independent formations under direct control of the army high command included two motorized cavalry battalions, one artillery battalion, one signals battalion, one engineer battalion, and one armored regiment. The artillery was a mixture of Krupp guns and modern Bofors guns and howitzers, while 60 Carden Loyd tankettes and 30 Vickers 6-ton tanks made up the bulk of the army's tank force.

The Royal Thai Navy included two Thonburi-class coastal defense ships, 12 torpedo boats, and four Japanese-made submarines.[13] The Royal Thai Navy was inferior to the French naval forces in Southeast Asia, but the Royal Thai Air Force held both a quantitative and qualitative edge over the local Armée de l'Air units.[13] Among the 140 aircraft that composed the Royal Thai Air Force's first-line strength were 24 Mitsubishi Ki-30 light bombers, nine Mitsubishi Ki-21 heavy bombers, 25 Curtiss Hawk 75N fighter planes, six Martin B-10 medium bombers, and 70 Vought O2U Corsair observation/attack aircraft.[5]

## Campaign

[edit]

While nationalist demonstrations and anti-French rallies were being held in Bangkok, several border skirmishes erupted along the Mekong frontier. The superior Royal Thai Air Force then conducted daytime bombing runs over military targets in Vientiane, Phnom Penh, Sisophon, and Battambang with impunity. The French retaliated with their own air attacks, but the damage they caused was less than equal. The activities of the Thai air force, particularly in the field of dive-bombing,[13] was such that Admiral Jean Decoux, the governor of French Indochina, grudgingly remarked that the Thai planes seemed to have been flown by men with plenty of combat experience.[14]

French troops used a handful of World War I–era Renault FT tanks during the conflict.

On 5 January 1941, following the report of a French attack on the Thai border town of Aranyaprathet, the Thai Burapha and Isan Armies launched an offensive on Laos and Cambodia. French response was instantaneous, but many units were simply swept aside by the better-equipped Thai forces. The Thai army swiftly overran Laos, but the French forces in Cambodia managed to rally and offer more resistance.[15]

The naval Battle of Ko Chang,17 January 1941

At dawn on 16 January, the French launched a large counterattack on the Thai-held villages of Yang Dang Khum and Phum Preav, initiating the fiercest battle of the war. Due to poor coordination and nonexistent intelligence against the entrenched and well-prepared Thai forces, the French operation was stopped and fighting ended with a French retreat from the area. However, the Thais were unable to pursue the retreating French, as their forward tanks were kept in check by the gunnery of French Foreign Legion artillery.

With the situation on land rapidly deteriorating for the French, Admiral Decoux ordered all available French naval forces into action in the Gulf of Thailand. In the early morning of 17 January, a French naval squadron caught a Thai naval detachment by surprise at anchor off Ko Chang island. The subsequent Battle of Ko Chang was a tactical victory for the French and resulted in the sinking of two Thai torpedo boats and the disabling of a coastal defense ship, with the French suffering no casualties.[7] Fearing the war would turn in France's favor, the Japanese intervened, proposing an armistice be signed.

On 24 January, the final air battle took place when Thai bombers raided the French airfield at Angkor, near Siem Reap. The last Thai mission bombing Phnom Penh commenced at 07:10 on 28 January, when the Martins of the 50th Bomber Squadron set out on a raid on Sisophon, escorted by thirteen Hawk 75Ns of the 60th Fighter Squadron.[5][11]

## Armistice

[edit]

The provinces ceded from Cambodia by France to Thailand were regrouped into new Thai provinces: Phra Tabong, Phibunsongram, and Nakhon Champassak

Japan subsequently stepped in to mediate the conflict. A general ceasefire had been arranged to go into effect at 10:00 on 28 January, and a Japanese-sponsored "Conference for the Cessation of Hostilities" was held at Saigon, with preliminary documents for an armistice between the governments of Marshal Philippe Pétain's French State and the Kingdom of Thailand signed aboard the cruiser Natori on 31 January 1941. On 9 May, a peace treaty was signed in Tokyo,[12][13] with the French being coerced by the Japanese to relinquish their hold on the disputed border territories. France ceded the following provinces to Thailand from Cambodia and Laos:

* Battambang and Pailin, which were reorganized as Phra Tabong Province
* Siem Reap, Banteay Meanchey and Oddar Meanchey, which were reorganized as Phibunsongkhram Province
* Preah Vihear, which was merged with a part of Champassak Province of Laos opposite Pakse to form Nakhon Champassak Province
* Xaignabouli, including part of Luang Prabang Province, which was renamed Lan Chang Province

## Treaty

[edit]

The resolution of the conflict was widely acclaimed by the people of Thailand, and was seen as a personal triumph for Phibun. For the first time in its history, Thailand had been able to extract concessions from a European power, albeit a weakened one. For the French in French Indochina, the conflict was a bitter reminder of their isolation after the Fall of France. They felt that an ambitious neighbor had taken advantage of a distant colony being cut off from a weakened parent. Without hope of reinforcements, the French had little chance of offering a sustained resistance.

To commemorate the victory, Phibun erected the Victory Monument in Bangkok. Thailand invited Japan and Germany to join in the celebration of its construction.

The Japanese wanted to maintain both their working relationship with Vichy and the status quo; therefore, the Thais were forced to accept only a quarter of the territory that they gained from the French, in addition to having to pay six million piastres as a concession to the French.

However, the real beneficiaries of the conflict were the Japanese, who were able to expand their influence in both Thailand and Indochina. The Japanese wanted to use Thailand and Indochina as their military bases to invade British Burma and British Malaya later. The Japanese won from Phibun a secret oral promise to support them in an attack on Malaya and Burma. Phibun did not keep his word.[16]

Relations between Japan and Thailand were subsequently stressed, as a disappointed Phibun switched to courting the British and Americans to ward off what he saw as an imminent Japanese invasion.[17] However, on 8 December 1941, the Japanese invaded Thailand at the same time as the Japanese invasion of Malaya. Pearl Harbor was attacked one-and-a-half hours after Malaya and Thailand were. Fighting between Japanese and Thai forces lasted only five hours before a ceasefire was agreed. Thailand would be allied with Japan until 1945.

After the war, in October 1946, northwestern Cambodia and the two Lao enclaves on the Thai side of the Mekong River were returned to French sovereignty when the French provisional government threatened to veto Thailand's membership in the United Nations.[18] This led to the conclusion of the Franco-Siamese Settlement Treaty of 1946 that settled the issue and paved the way to restoration of diplomatic relations between the two countries.

## Casualties

[edit]

The French army suffered a total of 321 casualties, of whom 15 were officers. The total number of missing after 28 January was 178 (six officers, 14 non-commissioned officers and 158 enlisted men).[12] The Thais had captured 222 men (17 North Africans, 80 Frenchmen, and 125 Indochinese).[5]

The Thai army suffered 54 men killed in action and 307 wounded.[8] 41 sailors and marines of the Thai navy were killed, and 67 wounded. At the Battle of Ko Chang, 36 men were killed, of whom 20 belonged to HTMS Thonburi, 14 to HTMS Songkhla, and two to HTMS Chonburi. The Thai air force lost 13 men. The number of Thai military personnel captured by the French was just 21.

About 30 percent of the French aircraft were rendered unserviceable by the end of the war, some as a result of minor damage sustained in air raids that remained unrepaired.[13] The Armée de l'Air admitted the loss of one Farman F221 and two Morane M.S.406s destroyed on the ground, but its losses were really greater.[11]

In its first experience of combat, the Royal Thai Air Force claimed to have shot down five French aircraft and destroyed 17 on the ground, against the loss of three of its own in the air and another five to 10 destroyed in French air raids on Thai airfields.

## See also

[edit]

* Thailand in World War II
* Japanese occupation of Cambodia
* Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
* HTMS Sri Ayudhya

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Tucker, World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection p. 649
2. ^ Fall, p. 22. "On the seas, one old French cruiser sank one-third of the whole Thai fleet ... Japan, seeing that the war was turning against its pupil and ally, imposed its 'mediation' between the two parties."
3. ^ Fall, Bernard B. (1994). Street Without Joy: The French Debacle in Indochina. Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-1700-3.
4. ^ Windrow, Martin (2004). The Last Valley. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-306-81386-6.
5. ^ a b c d Royal Thai Air Force. (1976) The History of the Air Force in the Conflict with French Indochina. Bangkok.
6. ^ a b c d Journoud, Pierre (2012). Face à la France, une victoire de Thaïs (8 ed.). fr:Guerres & Histoire. p. 72.
7. ^ a b c d "The Battle of Koh Chang (January 1941)" netmarine.net
8. ^ a b Sorasanya Phaengspha (2002) The Indochina War: Thailand Fights France. Sarakadee Press.
9. ^ Stone, Bill. "Vichy Indo-China vs Siam, 1940-41".
10. ^ Rives, Maurice. Les Linh Tap. ISBN 2-7025-0436-1 page 90
11. ^ a b c Ehrengardt, Christian J; Shores, Christopher (1985). L'Aviation de Vichy au combat: Tome 1: Les campagnes oubliées, 3 juillet 1940 - 27 novembre 1942. Charles-Lavauzelle.
12. ^ a b c Hesse d'Alzon, Claude (1985). La Présence militaire française en Indochine. Vincennes: Publications du service historique de l'Armée de Terre.
13. ^ a b c d e Young, Edward M. (1995) Aerial Nationalism: A History of Aviation in Thailand. Smithsonian Institution Press.
14. ^ Elphick, Peter. (1995) Singapore: the Pregnable Fortress: A Study in Deception, Discord and Desertion. Coronet Books.
15. ^ Vichy versus Asia: The Franco-Siamese War of 1941
16. ^ Charivat Santaputra (1985) Thai Foreign Policy 1932–1946. Thammasat University Press.
17. ^ Judith A. Stowe. (1991) Siam becomes Thailand: A Story of Intrigue. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1393-6
18. ^ Terwiel, B.J. (2005) Thailand's Political History: From the Fall of Ayutthaya to Recent Times. River Books.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Young, Edward M. (1984). "France's Forgotten Air War". Air Enthusiast. No. 25\. pp. 22–33\. ISSN 0143-5450.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Paloczi-Horvath, George. "Thailand's War with Vichy France." History Today (1995) 45#3 pp 32–39.
* Wong, Ka F. Visions of a Nation: Public Monuments in Twentieth-Century Thailand, White Lotus, Bangkok 2006 https://www.reurnthai.com/index.php?topic=4942.120 https://www.histoquiz-contemporain.com/Histoquiz/Lesdossiers/LaFrance19391945/13/Dossiers.htm

## External links

[edit]

* "France 1940...something"
* "The French-Thai War" at the Wayback Machine (archived October 27, 2009)
* The 1941 Franco-Siamese war in the World War II context
* La bataille de Koh Chang (in French), netmarine.net

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* Vichy France
* Guangzhouwan
* French Indochina
* French Madagascar
* Syria–Lebanon
* French North Africa
* French West Africa
* Collaboration

Neutral|

* Afghanistan
* Andorra
* Bhutan
* Ireland
* Liechtenstein
* Monaco
* Portugal
* San Marino
* Saudi Arabia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Tibet
* Turkey
* Vatican City
* Yemen

Resistance|

* Albania
* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Czech lands
* Denmark
* Dutch East Indies
* Estonia
* Ethiopia
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hong Kong
* Italy
* Japan
* Jews
* Korea
* Korean Liberation Army
* Korean Volunteer Army
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malaya
* Netherlands
* Northeast China
* Norway
* Philippines
* Poland
* Romania
* Thailand
* Soviet Union
* Slovakia
* Western Ukraine
* Vietnam
* Quốc dân Đảng
* Viet Minh
* Yugoslavia

POWs|

* Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
* German prisoners
* Soviet Union
* Azerbaijan
* United States
* United Kingdom
* Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
* Japanese prisoners
* Soviet Union
* German atrocities against Polish POWs
* Soviet prisoners
* Finland
* atrocities by Germans
* Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
* Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union

Timeline|

| Prelude|

* Africa
* Second Italo-Ethiopian War
* Asia
* Second Sino-Japanese War
* Battles of Khalkhin Gol
* Europe
* Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
* Anschluss
* Munich Agreement
* Occupation of Czechoslovakia
* Operation Himmler
* Italian invasion of Albania

|

1939|

* Invasion of Poland
* Battle of the Atlantic
* Phoney War
* First Battle of Changsha
* Battle of South Guangxi
* Winter War
* 1939–1940 Winter Offensive

1940|

* Norwegian campaign
* German invasion of Denmark
* Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
* German invasion of Luxembourg
* German invasion of the Netherlands
* German invasion of Belgium
* Battle of France
* Dunkirk evacuation
* Battle of Britain
* Battle of the Mediterranean
* North Africa
* West Africa
* British Somaliland
* Hundred Regiments Offensive
* Baltic states
* Eastern Romania
* Japanese invasion of French Indochina
* Italian invasion of Greece
* Compass

1941|

* Battle of South Henan
* Battle of Shanggao
* Invasion of Yugoslavia
* German invasion of Greece
* Battle of Crete
* Anglo-Iraqi War
* Battle of South Shanxi
* Syria–Lebanon campaign
* East African campaign
* Invasion of the Soviet Union
* Summer War
* Finland (Silver Fox)
* Lithuania
* Battle of Kiev
* Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
* Second Battle of Changsha
* Siege of Leningrad
* Battle of Moscow
* Bombing of Gorky
* Siege of Sevastopol
* Attack on Pearl Harbor
* Japanese invasion of Thailand
* Fall of Hong Kong
* Fall of the Philippines
* Battle of Guam
* Battle of Wake Island
* Malayan campaign
* Battle of Borneo
* Japanese invasion of Burma
* Third Battle of Changsha
* Greek famine of 1941–1944

1942|

* Fall of Singapore
* Battle of the Java Sea
* St Nazaire Raid
* Battle of Christmas Island
* Battle of the Coral Sea
* Battle of Madagascar
* Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
* Battle of Gazala
* Battle of Dutch Harbor
* Battle of Midway
* Aleutian Islands campaign
* Kiska
* Attu
* Blue
* First Battle of El Alamein
* Battle of Stalingrad
* Kokoda Track campaign
* Rzhev
* Jubilee
* Second Battle of El Alamein
* Guadalcanal campaign
* Torch
* Chinese famine of 1942–1943

1943|

* Black May
* Tunisian campaign
* Battle of West Hubei
* Battle of Attu
* Bombing of Gorky
* Battle of Kursk
* Allied invasion of Sicily
* Smolensk
* Solomon Islands campaign
* Cottage
* Battle of the Dnieper
* Allied invasion of Italy
* Armistice of Cassibile
* Burma
* Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
* Changde
* Second Battle of Kiev
* Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
* Tarawa
* Makin
* Bengal famine of 1943

1944|

* Tempest
* Monte Cassino / Anzio
* Korsun–Cherkassy
* Narva
* U-Go
* Imphal
* Ichi-Go
* Kohima
* Overlord
* Neptune
* Mariana and Palau
* Bagration
* Western Ukraine
* Second Battle of Guam
* Tannenberg Line
* Warsaw Uprising
* Eastern Romania
* Liberation of Paris
* Dragoon
* Gothic Line
* Belgrade offensive
* Battle of San Marino
* Lapland
* Market Garden
* Estonia
* Crossbow
* Pointblank
* Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
* Philippines (1944–1945)
* Leyte
* Syrmian Front
* Hungary
* Budapest
* Burma (1944–1945)
* Ardennes
* Bodenplatte
* Dutch famine of 1944–1945

1945|

* Vistula–Oder
* Battle of Manila
* Battle of Iwo Jima
* Indochina
* Vienna offensive
* Project Hula
* Western invasion of Germany
* Bratislava–Brno offensive
* Battle of Okinawa
* Second Guangxi campaign
* West Hunan
* Italy (Spring 1945)
* Battle of Berlin
* Prague offensive
* Surrender of Germany
* document
* Borneo
* Taipei
* Naval bombardment of Japan
* Manchuria
* Atomic bombings
* Debate
* South Sakhalin
* Kuril Islands
* Shumshu
* Surrender of Japan
* Potsdam Declaration
* document
* End of World War II in Asia

* World portal
* Bibliography
* Category

* v
* t
* e

French Indochina

Background|

* France–Asia relations
* French colonial empire
* France–Vietnam relations
* France–Thailand relations
* France–China relations

Constituent
territories|

* Cochinchina
* Tonkin
* Annam
* Cambodia
* Laos
* Guangzhouwan
* Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
* State of Vietnam

Events|

* French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh (1777–1820)
* Lê Văn Khôi revolt (1833–35)
* Bombardment of Tourane (1847)
* French conquest of Vietnam
* Siege of Tourane (1858)
* Cochinchina campaign (1858–62)
* Tonkin campaign (1883–1886)
* Sino-French War (1884–1885)
* Pacification of Tonkin
* Franco-Siamese crisis (1893)
* Holy Man's Rebellion (1901-1936)
* World War I
* 1916 Cochinchina uprising
* Thái Nguyên uprising
* Vue Pa Chay's revolt
* Bazin assassination
* Yên Bái mutiny
* World War II
* French–Thai War (1940–1941)
* Japanese invasion of French Indochina
* Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
* August Revolution
* Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
* French Permanent Military Tribunal in Saigon
* First Indochina War
* Battle of Dien Bien Phu
* Partition of Vietnam

Treaties|

* Treaty of Versailles (1787)
* Treaty of Saigon (1862)
* Treaty of Huế (1863)
* Treaty of Saigon (1874)
* Treaty of Huế (1883)
* Treaty of Huế (1884)
* Treaty of Tientsin (1885)
* Geneva Conference (1954)

French
personalities

* Pierre Pigneau de Behaine
* Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau
* Jean-Baptiste Cécille
* Charles de Montigny
* Charles Rigault de Genouilly
* Amédée Courbet
* Henri Rivière
* Francis Garnier
* Ernest Doudart de Lagrée
* Auguste Pavie
* Albert Sarraut

Organisations|

* Paris Foreign Missions Society
* Tirailleurs indochinois
* Tonkin Expeditionary Corps
* Tonkinese Rifles
* Governor-General of French Indochina

* v
* t
* e

French colonial conflicts

16th century|

| North America|

* South Carolina (1562)
* Florida (1562–65)
* Florida (1568)

|

South America|

* Brazil (1531)
* Brazil (1555–67)
* Brazil (1590–04)

|

17th century|

| Africa|

* Morocco (1629)
* Senegal (1659–77)
* Djidjelli (1664)
* Algiers (1682)
* Algiers (1683)
* Algiers (1688)

|

Americas|

* Beaver Wars (1609–1701)
* Brazil (1612–15)
* North America (1627–29)
* West Indies (1635–59)
* Carib Expulsion (1660)
* Texas (1685–89)
* King William's War (1689–97)
* Santo Domingo (1691)

|

Asia|

* Siam (1687–90)

|

18th century|

| Africa|

* West Africa (1758–63)
* Morocco (1765)

|

Americas|

* Queen Anne's War (1702–13)
* Chickasaw Wars (1721–52)
* Dummer's War (1721–25)
* Natchez revolt (1729)
* King George's War (1744–48)
* Nova Scotia (1749–55)
* French and Indian War (1754–60)
* North America (1778–83)
* Caribbean (1778–83)
* Haitian Revolution (1791–1804)
* Santo Domingo (1795–1809)

|

Asia|

* Burma–France relations (1729–56)
* India (1746–48)
* India (1749–54)
* India (1756–63)
* Vietnam (1777–1820)
* East Indies (1778–83)
* East Indies (1793–1801)
* Egypt and Syria (1798–1801)

|

19th century|

| Africa|

* Indian Ocean (1809–11)
* Algeria (1830–47)
* Algeria (1835–1903)
* Morocco (1844)
* Salé (1851)
* French conquest of Senegal (1854)
* Tunisia (1881)
* Madagascar (1883)
* Ivory Coast (1883–98)
* First Franco-Dahomean War (1890)
* Second Franco-Dahomean War (1892–94)
* Second Madagascar expedition (1895)
* Menalamba rebellion (1895–1903)
* Voulet–Chanoine Mission (1898–1900)

|

Americas|

* West Indies (1804–10)
* Río de la Plata (1838–40)
* Mexico (1838–39)
* Argentina–Uruguay (1845–50)
* Intervention in Mexico (1861–67)

|

Asia & Pacific Ocean|

* Moluccas (1810)
* Java (1811)
* Philippines (1844–45)
* Tourane (1847)
* Franco-Tahitian War (1844–47)
* Tourane (1856)
* French conquest of Vietnam
* Cochinchina Campaign (1858–62)
* North Vietnam (1873–74)
* Tonkin Campaign (1883–86)
* Sino-French War (1884–85)
* North Vietnam (1886–96)
* Second Opium War (1860)
* Japan (1863–64)
* Korea (1866)
* Leewards War (1888–97)
* Franco-Siamese crisis (1893)

|

20th century|

| Africa|

* Wadai War (1906–11)
* Casablanca (1907)
* Morocco (1911–12)
* Zaian War (1914–21)
* Volta-Bani War (1915–16)
* Kaocen revolt (1916–17)
* Rif War (1920–26)
* Kongo-Wara rebellion (1928–31)
* Malagasy Uprising (1947–48)
* Tunisian independence (1952–56)
* Algerian War (1954–62)
* Cameroon War (1955–64)
* Suez Crisis (1956)
* Ifni War (1957–58)
* Bizerte crisis (1961)

|

Asia|

* Boxer Rebellion (1901)
* Holy Man's Rebellion (1901–36)
* Vietnam (1916)
* Vietnam (1917–18)
* Vietnam (1918–21)
* Syria (1919–21)
* Cilicia (1920–21)
* Syria (1925–27)
* Vietnam (1930)
* Vietnam (1930–31)
* Vietnam (1940)
* Franco-Thai War (1940–41)
* Indochina (1945)
* South Vietnam (1945–46)
* First Indochina War (1946–54)

|

Pacific|

* Ouvéa cave hostage taking (1988)

|

* v
* t
* e

History of Thailand (1932–1973)

| Politics| Individuals and institutions| Key events

|
|

Monarchy of Thailand

* Prajadhipok (Rama VII)
* Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII)
* Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)

Regents of Thailand

* Rama VII
* The Prince of Nakhon Sawan
* The Prince Narisara Nuwattiwong
* Rama VIII
* The Prince Anuvatana
* Prince Aditya Dibabha
* Chao Phraya Yomarath (Pan Sukhum)
* Chao Phraya Bijayendra Yodhin (General Um Indrayodhin)
* Luang Praditmanutham (Dr. Pridi Banomyong)
* Rama IX
* Phra Suthamawinichay
* Phraya Nolarajasuwach (Thongdi Nolarajasuwach)
* Sa-nguan Chuthatemi
* The Prince of Chainat
* Phraya Manovaratsevi (Plod Vichear na Songkhla)
* The Prince Adireksorn Udomsakdi
* The Prince Bidyalabh Bridhyakon
* Luang Aduldejaraj (Bhat Phuengphrakhun)
* Queen Sirikit
* Princess Srisangwan

Prime Ministers of Thailand

* Phraya Manopakorn Nitithada
* General Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena
* Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram
* Major Khuang Aphaiwong
* Thawi Bunyaket
* Seni Pramoj
* Pridi Banomyong
* Rear Admiral Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
* Pote Sarasin
* Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn
* Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat

Military

* Field Marshal Phin Choonhavan
* General Phao Siyanon
* Lieutenant General Kat Katsongkhram
* Marshal of the Air Force Fuen Ritthakhanee

Others

* Direk Jayanama
* Luang Wichitwathakan

Institutions

* Khana Ratsadon
* Free Thai Movement
* National Military Council
* Communist Party
* Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
* Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Key events

* Siamese revolution of 1932
* Constitutions of Thailand
* April 1933 Siamese coup d'état
* June 1933 Siamese coup d'état
* Boworadet Rebellion
* Rebellion of the Sergeants
* Songsuradet rebellion
* Franco-Thai War
* Japanese invasion of Thailand
* World War II
* Thai cultural restoration
* 1947 Thai coup d'état
* 1948 Thai coup d'état
* Korean War
* Army General Staff plot
* Palace Rebellion
* Manhattan Rebellion
* Silent Coup (Thailand)
* 1957 Thai coup d'état
* 1958 Thai coup d'état
* Vietnam War
* Communist insurgency in Thailand
* 1971 Thai coup d'état
* 14 October 1973 Uprising

← Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932) • History of Thailand (1973–2001) →

* v
* t
* e

Occupation of France and its colonies by the Axis powers

German occupation|

* Military Administration in France
* zone occupée/nord (1940–4)
* zone sud (1942–4)
* Belgium and Northern France
* Military Administration (1940–4)
* Reichskommissariat (1944)
* Alsace-Lorraine
* Gau Westmark
* Reichsgau Oberrhein
* Zone interdite
* Atlantic Wall coastal zone
* settlement zone
* French Tunisia

Italian occupation|

* Mainland France
* Corsica
* French Tunisia

Japanese occupation|

* French Indochina
* Cambodia

Thai occupation|

* Battambang and Sisophon (Cambodia)
* Luang Prabang and Champasak (Laos)

See also|

* Vichy France
* Zone libre

* v
* t
* e

Vichy France

* World War II collaboration in: Albania
* Baltic states
* Belarus
* Croatia
* Denmark
* France
* Greece
* Luxembourg
* Norway
* Poland
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Soviet Union
* Ukraine

Prelude|

* Action Française
* Boulangism
* Camelots du Roi
* Dreyfus affair
* Fall of France
* French colonial empire
* Nuremberg Laws
* Phoney War
* Third Republic
* History of the Jews in France
* Treaty of Versailles
* Article 231
* War guilt question
* Henry Dorgères

Beginnings|

* Armistice of 22 June 1940
* French Constitutional Law of 1940
* The Eighty
* Philippe Pétain
* Hôtel du Parc
* Zone libre

Participants|

* Joseph Antignac
* Jean-Marie Bergeret
* René Bousquet
* Louis Bourgain
* André Broc
* Alexis Carrel
* Jacques Charpentier [fr]
* Henry Coston
* Pierre-Antoine Cousteau
* François Darlan
* Louis Darquier de Pellepoix
* Marcel Déat
* Charles du Paty de Clam
* Pierre-Étienne Flandin
* Philippe Henriot
* Gaston Henry-Haye
* Charles Huntziger
* Pierre Laval
* Jean Leguay
* Jean Luchaire
* Bernard Ménétrel
* George Montandon
* Maurice Papon
* Philippe Pétain
* Pierre Pucheu
* Simon Sabiani
* Paul Touvier
* André Tulard
* Xavier Vallat
* Maxime Weygand
* Carltheo Zeitschel

Governments|

* Government of Vichy France
* Pétain government
* First Laval government
* Flandin government
* Darlan government
* Second Laval government

Parties and
organizations|

* National Council
* French League
* French National-Collectivist Party
* French Popular Party
* Jeunesse Populaire Française
* Mouvement Franciste
* Légion Française des Combattants
* National Popular Rally
* Revolutionary Social Movement
* Peasant Corporation

Legal and
treaties|

* Anti-Jewish laws
* Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre
* List of constitutional laws of the Vichy regime [fr]
* French Constitutional Law of 1940
* Paris Protocols
* Riom Trial
* Service du travail obligatoire

Policy &
politics|

* Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy
* Collaboration with Imperial Japan
* Foreign relations
* French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems
* La Jeune France
* Police collaboration in Vichy France
* Political situation in French Africa [fr]
* Révolution nationale
* Special Sections
* Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline

Press and
propaganda|

* Antisemitic publications
* Censorship under the occupation [fr]
* Underground media in German-occupied France
* Freedom of the Press Ordinances of 1944 [fr]
* Le Juif et la France
* Maréchal, nous voilà !
* Newspapers confiscated for collaboration
* Office français d'information

* Press: L'Alerte [fr]
* L'Appel
* Aujourd'hui
* Le Cahier jaune [fr]
* Le Cri du peuple [fr; it]
* Combats [fr]
* Documents maçonniques [fr]
* L'Émancipation nationale [fr]
* La France [fr]
* France, revue de l'État nouveau [fr]
* Ici la France [fr]
* Idées [fr]
* Je suis partout
* Revivre [fr]
* Révolution nationale [fr]
* La Semaine [fr]
* L'Union française [fr]

Territory|

* Zone libre
* Occupied zone
* Syria and Lebanon mandate

| French North Africa|

* French Algeria
* Morocco
* Tunisia

|

French West Africa|

* Ivory Coast
* Dahomey
* Sudan
* Guinea
* Mauritania
* Niger
* Senegal
* Upper Volta
* Togoland

|

French Equatorial Africa|

* Chad
* Middle Congo
* Ubangi-Shari
* Cameroon

|

Asia & Oceania|

* French India
* French Indochina
* Cambodia
* French protectorate of Laos
* Cochinchina
* Annam
* Tonkin
* Kouang-Tchéou-Wan
* New Hebrides

|

Jewish
affairs|

| Laws|

* Law on the status of Jews
* Law regarding foreign nationals of the Jewish race
* Second law on the status of Jews

|

Administration|

* Commissariat-General for Jewish Affairs
* Order of Physicians [fr]
* UGIF

Roundups|

* French Riviera [fr]
* Green ticket
* Clermont-Ferrand [fr; it]
* Izieu
* Marseille
* Lyon
* Vel' d'Hiv
* Villeurbanne [fr; it]

Discrimination
and plunder|

* Aryanisation
* Nazi plunder
* Yellow badge
* Yellow badge in France [fr]

Camps|

* Beaune-la-Rolande
* Drancy
* Gurs
* Milles
* Natzweiler-Struthof (subcamps)
* Noé
* Pithiviers
* Récébédou
* Rieucros
* Romainville
* Royallieu-Compiègne
* Rivesaltes
* Septfonds
* Vernet

Deportation|

* Deportation convoys [fr]
* Deportation timeline
* Holocaust timeline
* The Holocaust in France

Military|

| Forces|

| Regular|

* 1st Regiment [fr]
* 7th Military Division
* 14th Military Division
* 15th Military Division
* Armistice Army
* Army of the Levant
* Air Force
* Navy
* Guard

|

Militia|

* Service d'ordre légionnaire
* Groupe mobile de réserve
* Milice
* Franc-Garde
* Special Brigades

Auxiliary|

* SS Charlemagne division
* Carlingue
* Légion impériale
* Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism

Battles|

* 1940
* Mers-el-Kébir
* Gibraltar
* Dakar
* Gabon
* Indochina
* Franco-Thai War
* Ko Chang
* 1941
* Syria–Lebanon
* Saint Pierre and Miquelon
* 1942
* Madagascar
* Operation Bright Moon
* Wallis and Futuna
* Torch
* Anton
* Toulon
* Réunion

Officers|

* François Darlan
* Henri Giraud
* Philippe Pétain

Dissolution|

* Operation Overlord
* Liberation of Paris
* Siegfried Line campaign
* Sigmaringen enclave
* Fernand de Brinon
* Joseph Darnand
* Jean Luchaire
* Eugène Bridoux
* Marcel Déat

Aftermath
& Impact|

* Liberation of France
* Ordinance of 9 August 1944
* Provisional Government
* Épuration légale
* Épuration sauvage
* Municipal elections of 1945
* 1946 legislative election
* Fourth Republic
* Trial of Philippe Pétain
* Klaus Barbie trial
* Holocaust denial in France [fr]
* Mission Mattéoli
* Anti-Gaullism
* Vichy syndrome

History
& Media|

| History|

* The Destruction of the European Jews
* Strange Defeat

|

Film|

* Bombing the Nazis
* The Eye of Vichy
* Milice, film noir
* The Sorrow and the Pity
* Uranus

Fiction|

* Castle to Castle
* Section spéciale
* Le Silence de la mer
* Suite française

* Occupied France
* French Resistance
* Year in France
* 1940
* 1941
* 1942
* 1943
* 1944
* Category:Vichy France

Authority control databases: National |

* United States
* Israel

|

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