Free State Project

Libertarian political migration

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Free State Project

Formation| September 1, 2001; 23 years ago (2001-09-01)
Headquarters| 373 South Willow St #161, Manchester, New Hampshire, U.S.

Executive Director

| Eric Brakey
Website| fsp.org
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Literature

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Idols

* Ron Swanson
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Organizations

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Movements

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Comparable

* Libertarianism in Hong Kong
* Libertarianism in the United Kingdom (England)

Related

* Conservatism in the United States
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* Liberalism portal
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* v
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* e

The Free State Project (FSP) is an American political migration movement founded in 2001 to recruit at least 20,000 libertarians to move to a single low-population state to make the state a stronghold for libertarian ideas. New Hampshire was selected in 2003 for this purpose.[1][2] The New Hampshire Union Leader reports that the Free State Project is not a political party but a nonprofit organization.[3]

Participants in the FSP signed a statement of intent declaring that they intended to move to New Hampshire within five years of the drive reaching 20,000 participants. The statement of intent was intended to function as a form of assurance contract. As of February 3, 2016[update], 20,000 people had signed this statement of intent,[4] completing the original goal, and 1,909 people were listed as "early movers" to New Hampshire on the FSP website, saying they had made their move prior to the 20,000-participant trigger.[5] In the 2017–2018 term of the 400-member New Hampshire House of Representatives, 17 seats were held by Free Staters.[6]

The FSP is a social movement generally based upon decentralized decision making. The group hosts various events, but most of FSP's activities depend upon volunteers and no formal plan dictates to participants or movers what their actions should be in New Hampshire.

As of May 2022, approximately 6,232 participants have moved to New Hampshire for the Free State Project.[7]

Eric Brakey is the Executive Director of the FSP as of 2024.[8][9]

## Intent

[edit]

The FSP mission statement, adopted in 2005, states:

> The Free State Project is an agreement among 20,000 pro-liberty activists to move to New Hampshire, where they will exert the fullest practical effort toward the creation of a society in which the maximum role of government is the protection of life, liberty, and property. The success of the Project would likely entail reductions in taxation and regulation, reforms at all levels of government to expand individual rights and free markets, and a restoration of constitutional federalism, demonstrating the benefits of liberty to the rest of the nation and the world.[10]

"Life, liberty, and property" are rights that were enumerated in the October 1774 Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress[11] and in Article 12 of the New Hampshire Constitution.[12]

To become a participant of the Free State Project, a person is asked to agree to the Statement of Intent (SOI):

> I hereby state my solemn intent to move to the State of New Hampshire within 5 years after 20,000 Participants have signed up. Once there, I will exert the fullest practical effort toward the creation of a society in which the maximum role of civil government is the protection of individuals' life, liberty, and property.

The FSP is open to people with a minimum age of 18. United States citizenship is not required. People who promote violence, racial hatred, or bigotry are not welcome in the FSP.[13]

## History

[edit]

The Free State Project was founded in 2001 by Jason Sorens, then a Ph.D. student at Yale University.[14] Sorens published an article in The Libertarian Enterprise highlighting the failure of libertarians to elect any candidate to federal office and outlining his ideas for a secessionist movement, calling people to respond to him with interest.[15] Sorens soon published a follow-up article[16] backing away from secession, "and it never played a role in the FSP’s philosophy from then on."[17] Sorens has stated that the movement continues an American tradition of political migration, which includes groups such as Mormon settlers in Utah, Amish religious communities,[18] and the "Jamestown Seventy",[19] an earlier effort to influence the politics of a particular state through deliberate migration.[20]

The organization began without a specific state in mind. A systematic review started by narrowing potential states to those with a population of less than 1.5 million, and those where the combined spending in 2000 by the Democratic and Republican parties was less than the total national spending by the Libertarian Party in that year, $5.2 million. Hawaii and Rhode Island were eliminated from this list because of their propensity for centralized government.[21]

In September 2003, a vote was held, and participants voted using the minimax Condorcet method to choose the state that they were to move to.[22][23] New Hampshire was the winner, with Wyoming coming in second by a 57% to 43% margin.[22][24] Alaska, Delaware, Idaho, Maine, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Vermont were also on the list.[18] New Hampshire was chosen because the perceived individualist culture of the state was thought to resonate well with libertarian ideals.[25]

In 2004, following the selection of New Hampshire, a splinter group[citation needed] called the Free Town Project formed to move to the small town of Grafton and advocate for legal changes there.[26] Grafton's appeal as a favorable destination was due to its absence of zoning laws and a very low property tax rate.[27] Additionally, it was the home of John Babiarz, a prominent member of the Libertarian Party who had twice run for Governor.[28] Though no records were kept of the number of Free Town Project participants who moved to Grafton, the town's population grew from 1,138 in 2000 to 1,340 in 2010.[27] Nearly all of the newcomers were men.[29] Project participants fashioned homes out of yurts, recreational vehicles, trailers, tents, and shipping containers. The changes they voted in included a 30% reduction in the town's already-small budget,[29] denying funding to the county's senior-citizens council.[28] The libertarian newcomers additionally increased the city's costs by filing lawsuits against it in an attempt to set legal precedents.[29] The project has been associated with an increase in the number and aggressiveness of black bears in town, including entering homes, mauling people, and eating pets.[29] A single, definitive cause for the abnormal behavior of the bears has not been proven, but it may be due to libertarian residents who refuse to buy and use bear-resistant containers, who do not dispose of waste materials (such as feces) safely, or who deliberately put out food to attract the bears to their own yards, but do not feel any responsibility for how their behavior affects their neighbors.[29]

### Free Town Project

[edit]

Main article: Grafton, New Hampshire § Free Town Project

In 2004, during and shortly after the Free Town Project was active in Grafton County, there were three bear attacks.[30][31][32][33] Several media outlets have said that there was a relationship between the Free Town Project and the bear attacks, and a book was written on the subject by local state reporter Matt Hongoltz-Hetling. The Free Town Project attracted significant attention from the media after cutting police, road, and fire services, camping in "non-traditional housing" in the woods, and attempting to pass measures to withdraw from the local school district and declare the town a "United Nations free zone". It also saw an increase in lawsuits against the town by Free Towners, an increase in crime, the first two murders in the town's history, and an increase in sex offenders living in town.[26][34][30][29]

In 2005, members of the Free Town Project were also briefly involved with Mentone, Texas. Mentone is in Loving County, at the time the least populous county in the United States.[35] Three men, Lawrence Pendarvis, Bobby Emory, and Don Duncan, claimed to have bought 126 acres (51 ha) of land and registered to vote there,[36] although the sheriff determined that the land was not sold to the group, as no deed had been filed at the county courthouse. He contacted the sellers, who said that the land had been sold to other buyers, after which the sheriff filed misdemeanor charges against the three men and threatened to arrest them if they returned.[35]

On February 3, 2016, the Free State Project announced via social media that 20,000 people had signed the Statement of Intent.[37] In a press conference later that day, then FSP president Carla Gericke officially announced that the move had been triggered and that signers were expected to follow up on their pledge.[38] This concluded the Free Town Project,[26][34] and the Free State Project organization changed focus from recruiting signers to encouraging them to move to New Hampshire, stating "we want 20,000 movers".[38]

## Electoral activity

[edit]

The Free State Project is not aligned with any political party and has no official position for or against any issues or candidates.[39] That said, however, the Free State Project is defined as a movement that seeks to relocate people of broadly libertarian ideals, specifically.[40] It receives its funding from individual donors interested in moving as part of the FSP or in attending one of their annual events.[41][42] The FSP is a tax-exempt nonprofit educational organization, falling under category 501(c)(3), so all donations since July 20, 2009, are tax-deductible.[43]

Several early movers have been elected to the 400-member New Hampshire House of Representatives. In 2006, Joel Winters became the first known Free Stater to be elected, running as a Democrat.[25] He was re-elected in 2008 but defeated in 2010.[44] In 2010, 12 Free Staters were elected to the New Hampshire House of Representatives, all of them as Republicans.[45] In 2012, 11 more were elected.[46][47] In 2012, elected participants wrote and passed House Bill 418 which would require state agencies to consider open source software and data formats when making acquisitions;[48] However, the bill died in the State Senate.[49]

In 2014, 17 Free Staters were elected.[50][51] In 2016, 15 of 32 Free Stater candidates were elected.[52][53] In 2017, there were 17 Free Staters in the New Hampshire House of Representatives,[54] and, in 2021, the New Hampshire Liberty Alliance, which ranks bills and elected representatives based on their adherence to what they see as libertarian principles, scored 150 representatives as "A−" or above rated representatives.[55] Participants of the FSP also engage with other like-minded activist groups such as Young Americans for Liberty[56] and Americans for Prosperity.[57]

In 2022, the Croydon school board president and her husband, members of the Free State Project, attempted to cut the school budget by half in a surprise but licit maneuver on the day of the vote, in a district with typically low attendance for votes. The plan that passed offered students online learning from a facilitator or $9,000 to go to an alternate public or private school. This plan was claimed to satisfy the requirement of New Hampshire's constitution to provide an adequate education. In response, local residents organized to overturn the budget. They needed more than half of the eligible voters to vote in a special town meeting, and a majority of those voters to vote for the fully-funded budget. The new school budget was overruled 377 to 2, with just under two-thirds of eligible voters voting, and the original budget was restored. (The lopsided vote was because the strategy of supporters of the change was to refrain from attending the meeting, to deny it a quorum.) [58][59]

### Annual events

[edit]

The Free State Project organizes two annual events in New Hampshire:

* The New Hampshire Liberty Forum, a convention-style event with a wide variety of speakers, dinners and events.
* The Porcupine Freedom Festival, commonly abbreviated to just "PorcFest",[60][61] a weeklong summer festival that takes place at a campground. It was described by Libertarian philosophy professor Roderick Long as "like Woodstock for rational people".[62][63][64]

## Responses

[edit]

### Support

[edit]

On February 17, 2006, economist Walter Block publicly expressed his support for the FSP and was quoted as saying:

> You people are doing the Lord's work. The FSP is one of the freshest practical ideas for promoting liberty that has come out of the libertarian movement in the past few decades. May you succeed beyond your wildest dreams, and thus demonstrate in yet another empirical way the benefits and blessings of liberty.[65]

Jeffrey Tucker reflected about his experiences at the New Hampshire Liberty Forum in Nashua, saying in part: "If you are willing to look past mainstream media coverage of American politics, you can actually find exciting and interesting activities taking place that rise above lobbying, voting, graft and corruption".[66]

The project was endorsed by Ron Paul[67] and Gary Johnson.[68] In 2010, Lew Rockwell from the Mises Institute endorsed the project and referred to the city of Keene, New Hampshire as "the northern capital of libertarianism".[69] In 2011, Peter Schiff said he had considered moving to NH at one point.[70]

Some Republicans have responded more favorably to the project.[71] In September 2014, Republican Party Senate nominee Scott Brown, a former United States Senator from Massachusetts, said his election campaign needed "Freestaters" to support him in his one-minute closing statement at the Granite State Debate.[72]

Maine state senator Eric Brakey partially attributed the Republican Party's 2020 election gains to the Free State Project.[73]

### Criticism

[edit]

Critics argue that the Free State Project is "radical",[74] a "fantasy",[75] or that they "go too far" in seeking to restrict government.[76] The project has drawn criticism from some New Hampshire residents concerned about population pressure and opposition to increased taxation.[71]

In 2012, the Concord Police Department applied for $258,000 in federal government funding to buy a Lenco BearCat armored vehicle for protection against terrorist attacks, riots, or shooting incidents. The application mentioned "Free Staters" alongside Sovereign Citizens and Occupy New Hampshire as groups that "are active and present daily challenges". The grant from the United States Department of Homeland Security was successful, but the Concord City Council revised the application to remove references to those political movements before unanimously approving of the grant.[77]

A 2022 survey found relatively little awareness of the Free State Project in New Hampshire but generally negative opinions among those familiar: 49% of respondents had heard of the project, while 10% expressed a favorable view and 26% an unfavorable one.[78]

### Media coverage

[edit]

The Free State Project was the centerpiece of the 2011 documentary film Libertopia[79] as well as the 2014 crowdfunded documentary 101 Reasons: Liberty Lives in New Hampshire.[80][81]

In 2023, NBC Boston produced and released a docu-series about the Free State Project titled Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of New Hampshire,[82] which includes interviews from members, supporters, and critics of the Free State Project.

## See also

[edit]

* Libertarianism portal
* Anarchism portal
* New Hampshire portal

* Adelsverein
* American Redoubt
* Anarcho-capitalism
* Foot voting
* Free West Alliance
* Fusionism
* Jason Sorens
* Libertarian conservatism
* Libertarian Republican
* Libertarian Party of New Hampshire
* Libertarianism in the United States
* New Hampshire Liberty Alliance
* Night-watchman state
* Objectivism
* Paleolibertarianism
* Politics of New Hampshire
* Right-libertarianism
* Voluntaryism

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Belluck, Pam (October 27, 2003). "Libertarians Pursue New Political Goal: State of Their Own". The New York Times. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
2. ^ Kitch, Michael (October 22, 2021). "Its founder reflects on the Free State Project". New Hampshire Business Review. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
3. ^ Feathers, Todd (February 9, 2019). "Free State Project looks to get its groove back". UnionLeader.com. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
4. ^ "Free State Project Triggers the Move". Free State Project. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
5. ^ Weigel, David (June 15, 2011). "Free State Project: What happens if 20,000 libertarians move to New Hampshire?". Slate Magazine. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
6. ^ "FSP Members in NH State Senate & House, 2017-2018". Free State Project Watch. July 19, 2017. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
7. ^ "FSP current mover count". fsp.org. Free State Project. Retrieved May 1, 2022.
8. ^ "Free State Project taps Maine state senator as its next leader". New Hampshire Public Radio. December 1, 2023. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
9. ^ Kobin, Billy (November 30, 2023). "Maine GOP senator will lead New Hampshire libertarian group". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
10. ^ "The Free State Project | Liberty Lives in New Hampshire". Free State Project. Archived from the original on January 18, 2013.
11. ^ "Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress". Avalon Project. Yale Law School. October 14, 1774. Retrieved November 11, 2010. "That the inhabitants of the English colonies in North-America, by the immutable laws of nature, the principles of the English constitution, and the several charters or compacts, have the following RIGHTS: Resolved, N.C.D. 1. That they are entitled to life, liberty and property: and they have never ceded to any foreign power whatever, a right to dispose of either without their consent."
12. ^ "State Constitution, Bill of Rights". nh.gov. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
13. ^ "Legal and Financial". Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
14. ^ Clow, Larry (October 5, 2005). "The Free State turns two". The Wire. Archived from the original on July 20, 2008.
15. ^ Sorens, Jason (July 23, 2001). "Announcement: The Free State Project". The Libertarian Enterprise. 131. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2009.
16. ^ Sorens, Jason (August 6, 2001). "Update: Free State Project". The Libertarian Enterprise. 132. Archived from the original on June 21, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
17. ^ "The Early Years of the Free State Project". Free State Project. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
18. ^ a b Walters, Joanna (October 1, 2003). "Free staters pick New Hampshire to liberate for sex, guns and drugs". The Guardian.
19. ^ Blumstein, James F.; Phelan, James (1971). "Jamestown Seventy". Yale Review of Law and Social Action. 1 (1).
20. ^ Sorens, Jason (August 6, 2001). "Update: Free State Project". The Libertarian Enterprise. 132. Archived from the original on June 21, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
21. ^ Joseph Spear, "An Experiment in Civic Engagement: The Free State Project" Archived March 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Oklahoma Policy Studies Review, Vol. 5, No. 1.
22. ^ a b Camp, Pete (October 8, 2003). "Free State Project Picks New Hampshire". Up & Coming Magazine. Archived from the original on April 23, 2014.
23. ^ "OLPC Europe/Condorcet Method". wiki.laptop.org.
24. ^ Free State Project Announcement (Motion picture). C-SPAN. October 1, 2003. 178464-1. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
25. ^ a b Sarah Schweitzer (November 16, 2006). "Free State Project cheers on one of its own in Winters". The Boston Globe.
26. ^ a b c Illing, Sean (December 10, 2020). "How a New Hampshire libertarian utopia was foiled by bears". Vox.
27. ^ a b "Community Profiles: Grafton, NH". Retrieved February 8, 2021.
28. ^ a b Hongoltz-Hetling, Matthew (May 2018). "Barbearians at the Gate: A journey through a quixotic New Hampshire town teeming with libertarians, fake news, guns, and—possibly—furry invaders". Atavist. No. 79\. Archived from the original on June 16, 2018. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
29. ^ a b c d e f Blanchfield, Patrick (October 13, 2020). "The Town That Went Feral: When a group of libertarians set about scrapping their local government, chaos descended. And then the bears moved in". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on October 13, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
30. ^ a b "Does New Hampshire Have a Bear Problem?". New Hampshire Magazine. September 17, 2020. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
31. ^ "Grafton woman attacked by bear". WMUR-TV. June 17, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
32. ^ "Bear seriously hurts woman, 71, in her Groton home". WMUR-TV. July 17, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
33. ^ "New Hampshire Man Escapes Serious Injury After Unprovoked Bear Attack Near Home". WBZ-TV. June 22, 2020.
34. ^ a b Hongoltz-Hetling, Matthew (September 15, 2020). "Book 3, Chapter 9: An Experiment Ends". A Libertarian Walks Into a Bear: The Utopian Plot to Liberate an American Town (And Some Bears). PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1541788510. "The same Trigger that birthed the Free State was a death knell for the Free Town... After years in which Grafton was the most visible and important landing point in the world for those who wanted to create a libertarian utopia, in the post-Trigger era, it became just another town in a state with many options."
35. ^ a b Blumenthal, Ralph (February 25, 2006). "1 Cafe, 1 Gas Station, 2 Roads: America's Emptiest County". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 4, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
36. ^ "FreeTownProject.com". Archived from the original on August 6, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2021.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
37. ^ "Free State Project". Twitter. February 2, 2016.
38. ^ a b "Official press conference announcing success in reaching 20,000 members". Freestateproject.org. February 3, 2016. Archived from the original on December 8, 2016.
39. ^ "Liberty in Your Lifetime - The Mission of the Free State Project". Archived from the original on June 1, 2013.
40. ^ "The Free State Project, New Hampshire, USA". Innovation In Governance. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
41. ^ "Total income donations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 16, 2012.
42. ^ "Total income donations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 16, 2012.
43. ^ FSP Newsletter, July 2014, From the President's Desk
44. ^ "NH-SOS". sos.nh.gov. Archived from the original on February 5, 2012.
45. ^ "For Some Ron Paul Backers, a New Motto: Go East, Young Man (and Woman)". NationalJournal.com. May 10, 2011. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012.
46. ^ Hayward, Mark (November 14, 2012). "Anarchy in Ward 5? Well, not exactly". New Hampshire Union Leader. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
47. ^ Berry, Jake (February 24, 2013). "Free State project says future is encouraging". Nashua Telegraph. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
48. ^ "New Hampshire Passes 'Open Source Bill'". slashdot.org. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
49. ^ "New Hampshire HB418 | 2011 | Regular Session". LegiScan.
50. ^ "New Hampshire House of Representatives elections, 2014". Ballotpedia.
51. ^ "Free State Project Watch: Candidate List 2014". Archived from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
52. ^ "NH Libertarians Officially Recognized as Party For First time in 20 Years + "Free Staters" Win 15+ State Rep Races". Free Keene. November 9, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
53. ^ "Free State Project Watch: Candidate List 2016". Free State Project Watch. November 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
54. ^ "Media Memo: Free State Project Members Make Up Disproportionate Percentage of NH Freedom Caucus". April 24, 2017.
55. ^ "New Hampshire 2021 Liberty Ranking" (PDF). Retrieved February 2, 2022.
56. ^ "Young Americans for Liberty Celebrates Victory for Right to Work in New Hampshire!" (Press release). February 24, 2021.
57. ^ "NH Primary Source: Americans for Prosperity-NH endorses Sununu, Wheeler, 6 House candidates". July 30, 2020.
58. ^ "Croydon cut its school budget in half. Inside the historic push to reverse that decision". New Hampshire Public Radio. May 6, 2022.
59. ^ "Croydon voters restore school budget in a landslide". NHPR. No. May 8, 2022. New Hampshire Public Radio. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
60. ^ "PorcFest". Retrieved April 23, 2015.
61. ^ "Porcupine Freedom Festival Blog Entries". fsp.org. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
62. ^ "Way Long Gone, Part 2". aaeblog.com. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
63. ^ "Way Long Gone, Part 3". aaeblog.com. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
64. ^ Murphy, Robert P. "PorcFest 2011". Ludwig von Mises Institute. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
65. ^ "Walter Block's endorsement of the Free State Project". Free State Project. Archived from the original on August 13, 2006. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
66. ^ "Political Migration in Our Time". Archived from the original on March 10, 2013.
67. ^ "Ron Paul Supports the Free State Project". Archived from the original on May 19, 2013.
68. ^ "Gary Johnson Endorses the FSP". YouTube. June 28, 2011. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021.
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## Further reading

[edit]

* Blanchfield, Patrick (October 13, 2020). "The Town That Went Feral". The New Republic. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
* Gokee, Amanda (August 10, 2022). "Gunstock: A reopening and a reckoning". newhampshirebulletin.com. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
* Illing, Sean (December 10, 2020). "How a New Hampshire libertarian utopia was foiled by bears". Vox. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
* Peterson, Kyle (March 18, 2016). "The Great American Disconnect". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 3, 2021.

## External links

[edit]

* Free State Project official website
* Free Town Project official website at the Wayback Machine (archived August 6, 2018)
* Organizational Profile Archived June 11, 2017, at the Wayback Machine – National Center for Charitable Statistics (Urban Institute)
* Free State Project's channel on YouTube
* Free State Project A Libertarian Testing Ground magazine article

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