French Government of the Hundred Days

Cabinet of the First French Empire

Napoleon I

Date formed| 20 March 1815
Date dissolved| 22 June 1815
People and organisations
Head of state| Napoleon
Head of government| Napoleon
History
Predecessor| Government of the first Bourbon restoration
Successor| French Executive Commission of 1815

The French Government of the Hundred Days was formed by Napoleon I upon his resumption of the Imperial throne on 20 March 1815, replacing the government of the first Bourbon restoration which had been formed by King Louis XVIII the previous year. Following the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo and his second abdication on 22 June 1815 the Executive Commission of 1815 was formed as a new government, declaring the Empire abolished for a second time on 26 June.

## Formation

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Almost a year after his first abdication, Napoleon left from exile on Elba and landed on the mainland near Cannes on 1 March 1815.[1] He traveled north, with supporters flocking to his cause.[2] On 16 March 1815 Louis XVIII addressed a meeting of both chambers, appealing to them to defend the constitutional charter.[3] On the night of 19–20 March the king left his palace for Ghent in Belgium. Napoleon entered Paris on 20 March.[4] He announced his ministers that day.[5]

## Ministers

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The ministers were:[5]

* Foreign Affairs: Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt
* Finance: Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin
* Treasury: Nicolas François, Count Mollien
* Interior: Lazare Carnot
* Police: Joseph Fouché
* Justice: Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès
* Navy and Colonies: Denis Decrès
* War: Louis-Nicolas Davout
* Secretary of State: Hugues-Bernard Maret, duc de Bassano

## Events

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On 22 April 1815 the emperor announced changes to the constitution that defined the roles of the two chambers and of the ministers.[6] On 1 June 1815 a major ceremony was held on the Champ de Mars in which the Emperor's authority was formally recognized.[7] On 12 June 1815 Napoleon left Paris for the north, where the allied forces of Britain and Prussia were assembling. He was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815.[8] Napoleon abdicated for the second time on 22 June 1815.[9] That day the two chambers nominated the members of the French Provisional Government of 1815, which would serve as government until the second Bourbon Restoration.[10]

## References

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1. ^ Muel 1891, p. 95.
2. ^ Muel 1891, p. 96.
3. ^ Muel 1891, p. 98.
4. ^ Muel 1891, p. 99.
5. ^ a b Muel 1891, p. 100.
6. ^ Muel 1891, p. 101.
7. ^ Muel 1891, p. 102-103.
8. ^ Muel 1891, p. 104-105.
9. ^ Muel 1891, p. 112.
10. ^ Muel 1891, p. 114.

## Sources

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* Muel, Léon (1891). Gouvernements, ministères et constitutions de la France depuis cent ans: Précis historique des révolutions, des crises ministérielles et gouvernementales, et des changements de constitutions de la France depuis 1789 jusqu'en 1890 ... Marchal et Billard. Retrieved 2014-04-22.

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Governments of France (1792–1870)

First Republic (1792–1804)|

* National Convention
* Committee of Public Safety
* French Directory
* French Consulate
* Paris Commune

First Empire (1804–14)|

* Napoleon
* Provisional Government of 1814
* First restoration
* Hundred Days
* Provisional Government of 1815

Restoration (1814–30)|

* Talleyrand
* Richelieu (1)
* Dessolles
* Decazes
* Richelieu (2)
* Villèle
* Martignac
* Polignac
* Mortemart

July Monarchy (1830–48)|

* Paris Municipal Commission
* Provisional Ministry
* First ministry of Louis-Philippe
* Laffitte
* Casimir Perier
* Soult (1)
* Gérard
* Maret
* Mortier
* de Broglie
* Thiers (1)
* Molé (1)
* Molé (2)
* Transitional cabinet of 1839
* Soult (2)
* Thiers (2)
* Soult (3)
* Guizot

Second Republic (1848–52)|

* Provisional Government
* Executive Commission
* Cavaignac
* Barrot (1)
* Barrot (2)
* Hautpoul
* Petit ministère
* Faucher
* Last cabinet of the French Second Republic
* Louis Napoleon (1)
* Louis Napoleon (2)

Second Empire (1852–70)|

* Third cabinet of Napoleon III
* Fourth cabinet of Napoleon III
* Ollivier
* Cousin-Montauban

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French government of the Hundred Days (20 March 1815 to 22 June 1815)

Head of state: Napoleon

Foreign Affairs|

Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt

Napoleon

Finance|

Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin

Treasury|

Nicolas François, Count Mollien

Interior|

Lazare Carnot

Police|

Joseph Fouché

Justice|

Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès

Navy and Colonies|

Denis Decrès

War|

Louis-Nicolas Davout

Secretary of State|

Hugues-Bernard Maret, duc de Bassano

Preceded by Government of the first Bourbon restoration • Followed by French Provisional Government of 1815
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