Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy

Romanian popular front

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Socialist Republic of
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* Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy
* Comturist

Leaders

* Constantin Ion Parhon
* Petru Groza
* Ana Pauker
* Ion Gheorghe Maurer
* Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
* Gheorghe Apostol
* Chivu Stoica
* Nicolae Ceaușescu
* Manea Mănescu
* Ilie Verdeț
* Elena Ceaușescu

Ideology

* Dacianism
* July Theses
* Neo-Stalinism
* National communism
* Ceaușescu's cult of personality

Policies

* Collectivization
* Nationalization
* Literacy campaigns
* Five-Year Plans
* De-Stalinization
* Decree 770
* Systematization (Rural)
* 1980s austerity

Culture

* Daciad
* Cîntarea României
* Cenaclul Flacăra
* Obsessive decade
* Socialist realism
* Emblem
* Flag

Repression

* Censorship
* Danube–Black Sea Canal
* Re-education
* Bărăgan deportations
* Tămădău Affair
* Pitești prison
* Sighet prison

Protests and resistance

* 1940s–1950s resistance
* Bucharest student movement of 1956
* Dissent under Nicolae Ceaușescu
* Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977
* SLOMR
* Brașov Rebellion
* Letter of the Six
* Romanian Revolution
* Trial and execution of the Ceaușescus

Relationship with the USSR

* Soviet occupation (1944–1958)
* SovRom
* De-satellization

Relations with other states

* China
* Italy
* North Korea
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Politics of Romania

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* President (list)

Klaus Iohannis
* Prime Minister (list)

Marcel Ciolacu

*     * Cabinet (current, list)

Parliament

* Senate

Acting President: Alina Gorghiu
Standing Bureau
* Chamber of Deputies

President: Alfred Simonis
Standing Bureau

Judiciary

* High Court of Cassation and Justice

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* Judicial reform

Political parties

* Parliamentary

National Liberal Party (PNL)
Social Democratic Party (PSD)
Save Romania Union (USR)
Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party (PLUS)
Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR)
Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR)
Humanist Power Party (PPU)
Romanian Nationhood Party (PNR)
Other ethnic-minority parties

* Non-parliamentary

People's Movement Party (PMP)
PRO Romania (PRO)
Greater Romania Party (PRM)
Ecologist Party of Romania (PER)

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The Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy (Romanian: Frontul Democrației și Unității Socialiste, FDUS) was a political alliance in Romania from 1968 to 1989, dominated by the Romanian Communist Party (PCR). It was de facto the only legally permitted political organization in the country for the last two decades of Communist rule.

## History

[edit]

The alliance was formed in 1968 as the Front of Socialist Unity (Frontul Unității Socialiste, FUS), and renamed the Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy in 1980.[1] It brought together all legal political parties in the country,[2][3] replacing the People's Democratic Front. Like its predecessor, it was organised and directed by the PCR. The minor parties in the front[examples needed] were completely subservient to the PCR, and had to accept its "leading role" as a condition of their continued existence.[4] No prospective candidate could run for office without the Front's approval, which in effect allowed the Front and, through it, the PCR to predetermine the composition of the legislature. Nicolae Ceaușescu, who served as general secretary of the PCR and President of Romania, was also the chairman of the Front.[1]

Voters were presented with a single list of FUS/FDUS candidates in every election between 1969 and 1985, with the option to choose all or part of the list or reject it entirely. The Front therefore won all seats in the Great National Assembly in every election, claiming to have received at least 97 percent each time.[4] Each time, fewer than 400,000 people either rejected the list outright, spoiled their papers, or cast blank ballots.

After the Constitution was amended to create an executive presidency, the FDUS recommended the presidential candidate in tandem with the Communist Party's Central Committee.[5]

## Election results

[edit]

### Great National Assembly

[edit]

Election  | Votes  | %  | Seats  | +/–  | Position

|
|
|
|
|

1969 | 13,543,499  | 99.8  |

465 / 465

|  | 1st
1975 | 14,715,539  | 98.8  |

349 / 349

|  116  |  1st
1980 | 15,398,443  | 98.5  |

369 / 369

|  20  |  1st
1985 | 15,375,522  | 97.7  |

369 / 369

|  |  1st

## See also

[edit]

* People's Democratic Front

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Electoral system. Romania: A country study. Library of Congress Federal Research Division, December 1989.
2. ^ Romania: Elections held in 1975 IPU
3. ^ Romania: Elections held in 1980 IPU
4. ^ a b Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1604–1605 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
5. ^ This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Sergiu Verona (July 1989). "Government and Politics". In Bachman, Ronald D (ed.). Romania: a country study. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. LCCN 90006449.

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