Fulton County, Georgia

County in Georgia, United States

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County in Georgia

Fulton County

County

Atlanta's Fulton County Courthouse in 2019

Flag

Logo

Location within the U.S. state of Georgia

Georgia's location within the U.S.

Coordinates: 33°47′N 84°28′W﻿ / ﻿33.79°N 84.47°W﻿ / 33.79; -84.47
Country|  United States
State|  Georgia
Founded| December 20, 1853; 172 years ago (1853)
Named after| Robert Fulton
Seat| Atlanta
Largest city| Atlanta
Area

• Total

| 534 sq mi (1,380 km2)
• Land| 527 sq mi (1,360 km2)
• Water| 7.7 sq mi (20 km2)  1.4%
Population

(2020)

• Total

| 1,066,710

• Estimate

(2024)

| 1,090,354
• Density| 2,000/sq mi (770/km2)
Time zone| UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)| UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts| 5th, 6th, 11th, 13th
Website| fultoncountyga.gov

Fulton County is a county in the north-central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,066,710,[1] making it the state's most populous county.[2] Its county seat and most populous city is Atlanta,[3] the state capital. About 90% of the city of Atlanta is within Fulton County; the remaining portion is in DeKalb County. Fulton County is the principal county of the Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell metropolitan statistical area.

## History

[edit]

Midtown Atlanta and the Downtown Connector

Fulton County was created in 1853 from the western half of DeKalb County. It was named in honor of Robert Fulton, the man who created the first commercially successful steamboat in 1807.[4]

After the American Civil War, there was considerable violence against freedmen in the county. During the post-Reconstruction period, violence and the number of lynchings of blacks increased in the late 19th century, as whites exercised terrorism to re-establish and maintain white supremacy. Whites lynched 35 African Americans here from 1877 to 1950; according to the Georgia Lynching Project, 24 were killed in 1906. This was the highest total in the state.[5] With a total of 589, Georgia was second to Mississippi in its total number of lynchings in this period.[6]

In addition to individual lynchings, during the Atlanta Race Riot of 1906, whites killed at least 25 African Americans; the number may have been considerably higher. Two white persons died during the riot; one a woman who died of a heart attack. The violence affected black residential and business development in the city afterward. The Georgia legislature effectively completed disenfranchisement of African Americans in 1908, with constitutional amendments that raised barriers to voter registration and voting, excluding them from the political system[citation needed].

At the beginning of 1932, as an austerity measure to save money during the Great Depression, Fulton County annexed Milton County to the north and Campbell County to the southwest, to centralize administration. That resulted in the current long shape of the county along 80 miles (130 km) of the Chattahoochee River. On May 9 of that year, neighboring Cobb County ceded the city of Roswell and lands lying east of Willeo Creek to Fulton County so that it would be more contiguous with the lands ceded from Milton County.

In the second half of the 20th century, Atlanta and Fulton county became the location of numerous national and international headquarters for leading companies, attracting highly skilled employees from around the country. This led to the city and county becoming more cosmopolitan and diverse.[citation needed]

In 1992, Fulton County elected the first African-American woman, Jacquelyn Harrison Barrett, to the position of Sheriff in the history of the United States.[citation needed]

In 2023, Fulton County received news for the arrest of rapper and Fulton County native Playboi Carti and for the indictment of former President Donald Trump by Fani Willis in the Georgia election interference case, along with other Trump associates such as Rudy Giuliani.[citation needed]

## Geography

[edit]

Garrett Lake, Mountain Park

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 534 square miles (1,380 km2), of which 527 square miles (1,360 km2) is land and 7.7 square miles (20 km2) (1.4%) is water.[7] The county is located in the Piedmont region of the state in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains to the north. The shape of the county resembles a sword with its handle at the northeastern part, and the tip at the southwestern portion.

Going from north to south, the northernmost portion of Fulton County, encompassing Milton and northern Alpharetta, is located in the Etowah River sub-basin of the ACT River Basin (Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa River Basin). The rest of north and central Fulton, to downtown Atlanta, is located in the Upper Chattahoochee River sub-basin of the ACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin). The bulk of south Fulton County, from Atlanta to Palmetto, is located in the Middle Chattahoochee River-Lake Harding sub-basin of the larger ACF River Basin, with just the eastern edges of south Fulton, from Palmetto northeast through Union Hill to Hapeville, in the Upper Flint River sub-basin of the same larger ACF River Basin.[8]

### Adjacent counties

[edit]

* Cherokee County – northwest
* Forsyth County – northeast
* Gwinnett County – east
* DeKalb County – east
* Clayton County – south
* Fayette County – south
* Coweta County – southwest
* Carroll County – west
* Douglas County – west
* Cobb County – west

### National protected areas

[edit]

* Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (part)
* Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site

## Communities

[edit]

A map of all the cities within Fulton County, Georgia

There are 15 cities within Fulton County. Four cities include land outside of the county (Atlanta, College Park, Palmetto, and Mountain Park) but still have their center of government and the majority of their land within Fulton County. After the formation of South Fulton in 2017, the only unincorporated part of the county is Fulton Industrial Boulevard, from roughly Fulton Brown Airport (Brown's Field) down to Fairburn Rd. (concurrent with GA-158 and GA-166)[9] This led to Fulton County becoming the first county in Georgia to suspend all city services.[10]

### Cities

[edit]

* Alpharetta
* Atlanta
* Chattahoochee Hills
* College Park
* East Point
* Fairburn
* Hapeville
* Johns Creek
* Milton
* Mountain Park
* Palmetto
* Roswell
* Sandy Springs
* South Fulton
* Union City

### Former unincorporated communities

[edit]

* Campbellton (now within South Fulton)
* Ocee (now within Johns Creek)
* Red Oak (now within South Fulton)
* Sandtown (now within South Fulton)
* Serenbe (village within Chattahoochee Hills)
* Shake Rag (within Johns Creek)

## Demographics

[edit]

Historical population Census| Pop.| Note| %±

|
|
|

1860| 14,427| | —
1870| 33,446| | 131.8%
1880| 49,137| | 46.9%
1890| 84,655| | 72.3%
1900| 117,363| | 38.6%
1910| 177,733| | 51.4%
1920| 232,606| | 30.9%
1930| 318,587| | 37.0%
1940| 392,886| | 23.3%
1950| 473,572| | 20.5%
1960| 556,326| | 17.5%
1970| 607,592| | 9.2%
1980| 589,904| | −2.9%
1990| 648,951| | 10.0%
2000| 816,006| | 25.7%
2010| 920,581| | 12.8%
2020| 1,066,710| | 15.9%
2024 (est.)| 1,090,354| [11]| 2.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[12]
1790-1880[13] 1890-1910[14]
1920-1930[15] 1930-1940[16]
1940-1950[17] 1960-1980[18]
1980-2000[19] 2010[20] 2020[21]
Fulton County, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the U.S. Census Bureau treats Hispanic and Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics and Latinos may be of any race. Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[22] | Pop 2010[20] | Pop 2020[21] | % 2000  | % 2010  | % 2020

|
|
|
|
|
|

White alone (NH)  | 369,997  | 376,014  | 404,793  | 45.34%  | 40.85%  | 37.95%
Black or African American alone (NH)  | 361,018  | 400,457  | 448,803  | 44.24%  | 43.50%  | 42.07%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)  | 1,148  | 1,586  | 1,558  | 0.14%  | 0.17%  | 0.15%
Asian alone (NH)  | 24,635  | 51,304  | 80,632  | 3.02%  | 5.57%  | 7.56%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH)  | 261  | 287  | 381  | 0.03%  | 0.03%  | 0.04%
Other race alone (NH)  | 1,599  | 2,582  | 6,444  | 0.20%  | 0.28%  | 0.60%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)  | 9,292  | 15,785  | 37,797  | 1.14%  | 1.71%  | 3.54%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)  | 48,056  | 72,566  | 86,302  | 5.89%  | 7.88%  | 8.09%
Total | 816,006 | 920,581 | 1,066,710 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00%

According to the 2020 United States census, there were 1,066,710 people, 439,578 households, and 238,444 families residing in the county, reflecting the county's historically positive population growth with exception to the 1980 U.S. census.

In 2020, the county had a racial and ethnic makeup of 42.07% Black or African Americans, 37.95% non-Hispanic whites, 0.15% American Indians and Alaska Natives, 7.56% Asian Americans, 0.04% Pacific Islander Americans, 0.60% some other race, 3.54% multiracial Americans, and 8.09% Hispanic or Latinos of any race. In 2010, its racial and ethnic makeup was 43.50% Black or African American, 40.85% non-Hispanic white, 0.17% American Indian and Alaska Native, 5.57% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.28% some other race, 1.71% multiracial, and 7.88% Hispanic or Latino of any race.

In 2010, the median income for a household in the county was $56,709 and the median income for a family was $75,579. Males had a median income of $56,439 versus $42,697 for females. The per capita income for the county was $37,211. About 12.0% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.0% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.[23] At the 2022 American Community Survey, its median household income grew to $90,346 with a per capita income of $59,689. Among its population, 53% earned from $50,000 to $200,000 annually, and 28% earned less than $50,000. Approximately 12.7% of the county lived at or below the poverty line.[24]

## Economy

[edit]

Centennial Tower

Companies headquartered in Fulton County include AFC Enterprises (Popeyes Chicken/Cinnabon), AT&T Mobility, Chick-fil-A, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Church's Texas Chicken, The Coca-Cola Company, Cox Enterprises, Delta Air Lines, Earthlink, Equifax, First Data, Georgia-Pacific, Global Payments, Inc., InterContinental Hotels Group, IBM Internet Security Systems, Mirant Corp., Newell Rubbermaid, Northside Hospital, Piedmont Healthcare, Porsche Cars North America, Saint Joseph's Hospital, Southern Company, United Parcel Service, are based in various cities throughout Fulton County.[25]

## Education

[edit]

See also: Atlanta § Education

All portions of Fulton County outside of the city limits of Atlanta are served by the Fulton County School System. All portions within Atlanta are served by Atlanta Public Schools.[26]

### Libraries

[edit]

#### History

[edit]

The Fulton County Library System began in 1902 as the Carnegie Library of Atlanta, one of the first public libraries in the United States. In 1935, the city of Atlanta and the Fulton County Board of Commissioners signed a contract under which library service was extended to all of Fulton County. Then in 1982, Georgia voters passed a constitutional Amendment authorizing the transfer of responsibility for the Library system from the city of Atlanta to the county. On July 1, 1983, the transfer finally became official, and the system was renamed the Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System.

Under the leadership of Ella Gaines Yates, who was the first African American director of the Library System, a new Central library was opened to the public in May 1988. The building was designed by Marcel Breuer, a participant in the innovative Bauhaus movement, working side by side with his associate Hamilton Smith. The Central Library was dedicated on May 25, 1980, and Breuer would die a year later in July 1981 at the age of 81.

In 2002 after a hundred years of library service to the public, a major renovation of the Central Library was completed.

## Government

[edit]

Fulton County is governed by a seven-member board of commissioners, whose members are elected from single-member districts. They serve staggered four-year terms. The county has a county manager system of government, in which day-to-day operation of the county is handled by a manager appointed by the board. The chairman of the Board of Commissioners is elected at-large for the county-wide position. The vice chairman is elected by peers on a yearly basis.

Board of Commissioners

District  | Commissioner  | Party
District 7 (at-large)  | Robb Pitts (chairman)  | Democratic
District 1  | Bridget Thorne  | Republican
District 2  | Bob Ellis  | Republican
District 3  | Dana Barrett  | Democratic
District 4  | Mo Ivory  | Democratic
District 5  | Marvin S. Arrington, Jr.  | Democratic
District 6  | Khadijah Abdur-Rahman  | Democratic
Board of Commissioners Appointees

Position held  | Name
County Manager  | Dick Anderson
Clerk to the Commission  | Tonya Grier (interim)
County Attorney  | Soo Jo[27]
Chief Financial Officer  | Sharon Whitmore
Chief Operating Officer  | Anna Roach

### United States Congress

[edit]

Senators | Name | Party | Assumed office | Level

|
|
|
|

| Senate Class 2  | Jon Ossoff | Democratic | 2021  | Senior Senator
| Senate Class 3  | Raphael Warnock | Democratic | 2021  | Junior Senator
Representatives | Name | Party | Assumed office
| District 4  | Hank Johnson | Democratic | 2007
| District 5  | Nikema Williams | Democratic | 2021
| District 6  | Rich McCormick | Republican | 2023
| District 7  | Lucy McBath | Democratic | 2019
| District 13  | David Scott | Democratic | 2003

### Georgia General Assembly

[edit]

#### Georgia State Senate

[edit]

District | Name | Party | Assumed office

|
|
|

| 6  | Jason Esteves | Democratic | 2023
| 14  | Josh McLaurin | Democratic | 2023
| 21  | Brandon Beach | Republican | 2013
| 28  | Matt Brass | Republican | 2017
| 35  | Donzella James | Democratic | 2009
| 36  | Nan Orrock | Democratic | 2007
| 38  | Horacena Tate | Democratic | 1999
| 39  | Sonya Halpern | Democratic | 2021
| 48  | Shawn Still | Republican | 2023
| 56  | John Albers | Republican | 2011

#### Georgia House of Representatives

[edit]

District | Name | Party | Assumed office

|
|
|

| 25  | Todd Jones | Republican | 2017
| 47  | Jan Jones | Republican | 2003
| 48  | Scott Hilton | Republican | 2023
| 49  | Chuck Martin | Republican | 2003
| 50  | Michelle Au | Democratic | 2023
| 51  | Ester Panitch | Democratic | 2023
| 52  | Shea Roberts | Democratic | 2021
| 53  | Deborah Silcox | Republican | 2023
| 54  | Betsy Holland | Democratic | 2019
| 55  | Inga Willis  | Democratic | 2023
| 56  | Mesha Mainor | Republican | 2021
| 57  | Stacey Evans | Democratic | 2021
| 58  | Park Cannon | Democratic | 2016
| 59  | Phil Olaleye | Democratic | 2023
| 60  | Sheila Jones | Democratic | 2023
| 61  | Roger Bruce | Democratic | 2013
| 62  | Tanya Miller  | Democratic | 2023
| 63  | Kim Schofield | Democratic | 2023
| 65  | Mandisha Thomas | Democratic | 2021
| 67  | Lydia Glaize  | Democratic | 2023
| 68  | Derrick Jackson | Democratic | 2023
| 69  | Deborah Bazemore  | Democratic | 2023

### Politics

[edit]

Atlanta is the largest city in Fulton County, occupying the county's narrow center section and thus geographically dividing the county's northern and southern portions. Atlanta's last major annexation in 1952 brought over 118 square miles (310 km2) into the city, including the affluent suburb of Buckhead. The movement to create a city of Sandy Springs, launched in the early 1970s and reaching fruition in 2005, was largely an effort to prevent additional annexations by the city of Atlanta, and later to wrest local control from the county commission.

Fulton County is one of the most reliably Democratic counties in the entire nation. It has voted Democratic in every presidential election since 1876 except those of 1928 and 1972; in the latter, George McGovern did not win a single county in Georgia. The demographic character of the Democratic Party has changed, as conservative whites, previously its chief members in the South, have mostly shifted to the Republican Party. In Fulton County, Democrats are composed primarily of liberal urbanites of various ethnicities and a growing contingent of suburban voters. Fulton is served by four Representatives in the House, with David Scott representing the southern suburbs, Lucy McBath representing Johns Creek, and John Lewis representing the core of Atlanta until his death on July 17, 2020.[28] Lewis was succeeded by Nikema Williams. Republican Rich McCormick represents most of North Fulton.

United States presidential election results for Fulton County, Georgia[29] Year  | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies)

|
|
|

No.  | % | No.  | % | No.  | %
2024 | 144,655  | 26.80%  | 384,752  | 71.29% | 10,290  | 1.91%
2020 | 137,247  | 26.20%  | 380,212  | 72.57% | 6,472  | 1.24%
2016 | 117,783  | 26.85%  | 297,051  | 67.70% | 23,917  | 5.45%
2012 | 137,124  | 34.42%  | 255,470  | 64.13% | 5,752  | 1.44%
2008 | 130,136  | 32.08%  | 272,000  | 67.06% | 3,489  | 0.86%
2004 | 134,372  | 39.90%  | 199,436  | 59.23% | 2,933  | 0.87%
2000 | 104,870  | 39.84%  | 152,039  | 57.76% | 6,303  | 2.39%
1996 | 89,809  | 36.93%  | 143,306  | 58.93% | 10,053  | 4.13%
1992 | 85,451  | 33.20%  | 147,459  | 57.29% | 24,499  | 9.52%
1988 | 91,785  | 42.75%  | 120,752  | 56.25% | 2,152  | 1.00%
1984 | 95,149  | 43.11%  | 125,567  | 56.89% | 0  | 0.00%
1980 | 64,909  | 33.68%  | 118,748  | 61.62% | 9,066  | 4.70%
1976 | 61,552  | 32.16%  | 129,849  | 67.84% | 0  | 0.00%
1972 | 96,256  | 56.43% | 74,329  | 43.57%  | 0  | 0.00%
1968 | 64,153  | 35.83%  | 77,920  | 43.51% | 36,995  | 20.66%
1964 | 73,205  | 43.90%  | 93,540  | 56.09% | 11  | 0.01%
1960 | 53,940  | 49.15%  | 55,803  | 50.85% | 0  | 0.00%
1956 | 37,326  | 42.21%  | 51,098  | 57.79% | 0  | 0.00%
1952 | 35,197  | 40.15%  | 52,459  | 59.85% | 0  | 0.00%
1948 | 14,976  | 29.33%  | 29,318  | 57.43% | 6,760  | 13.24%
1944 | 7,687  | 17.14%  | 37,161  | 82.86% | 0  | 0.00%
1940 | 6,033  | 16.10%  | 31,311  | 83.57% | 122  | 0.33%
1936 | 3,552  | 11.52%  | 27,183  | 88.17% | 94  | 0.30%
1932 | 2,063  | 9.19%  | 20,137  | 89.69% | 253  | 1.13%
1928 | 9,368  | 51.36% | 8,872  | 48.64%  | 0  | 0.00%
1924 | 3,229  | 25.55%  | 7,830  | 61.96% | 1,579  | 12.49%
1920 | 3,336  | 33.46%  | 6,635  | 66.54% | 0  | 0.00%
1916 | 1,040  | 9.21%  | 8,945  | 79.19% | 1,311  | 11.61%
1912 | 1,688  | 17.75%  | 7,313  | 76.91% | 507  | 5.33%
1908 | 2,906  | 35.73%  | 4,790  | 58.89% | 438  | 5.38%
1904 | 1,766  | 22.50%  | 5,781  | 73.66% | 301  | 3.84%
1900 | 1,676  | 24.55%  | 5,075  | 74.35% | 75  | 1.10%
1896 | 3,005  | 38.04%  | 4,504  | 57.01% | 391  | 4.95%
1892 | 1,364  | 21.82%  | 4,663  | 74.61% | 223  | 3.57%
1888 | 2,164  | 42.04%  | 2,750  | 53.43% | 233  | 4.53%
1884 | 925  | 32.30%  | 1,939  | 67.70% | 0  | 0.00%
1880 | 2,229  | 42.26%  | 3,045  | 57.74% | 0  | 0.00%

### Taxation

[edit]

Geographically remote from each other, the northern and southern sections of the county have grown increasingly at odds over issues related to taxes and distribution of services. Residents of the affluent areas of North Fulton have increasingly complained that the Fulton County Board of Commissioners has ignored their needs, taking taxes collected in North Fulton, and spending them on programs and services in less wealthy South Fulton. In 2005, responding to pressure from North Fulton, the Georgia General Assembly directed Fulton County, alone among all the counties in the state, to limit the expenditure of funds to the geographic region of the county where they were collected. The Fulton County Commission contested this law, known as the "Shafer Amendment" after Sen. David Shafer (Republican from Duluth), in a lawsuit that went to the Georgia Supreme Court. On June 19, 2006, the Court upheld the law, ruling that the Shafer Amendment was constitutional.

The creation of the city of Sandy Springs stimulated the founding of two additional cities, resulting in no unincorporated areas remaining in north Fulton. In a domino effect, the residents of southwest Fulton voted in referendums to create additional cities. In 2007, one of these two referendums passed and the other was defeated, but later passed in 2016.

### Municipalization

[edit]

Road in Chattahoochee Hills

Since the 1970s, residents of Sandy Springs had waged a long-running battle to incorporate their community as a city, which would make it independent of county council control. They were repeatedly blocked in the state legislature by Atlanta Democrats, but when control of state government switched to suburban Republicans after the 2002 and 2004 elections, the movement to charter the city picked up steam.

Pill Hill, Sandy Springs

The General Assembly approved creation of the city in 2005, and for this case, it suspended an existing state law that prohibited new cities (the only type of municipality in the state) from being within three miles (4.8 km) of an existing one. The citizens of Sandy Springs voted 94% in favor of ratifying the city charter in a referendum held on June 21, 2005. The new city was officially incorporated later that year at midnight on December 1.

Johns Creek city hall

Creation of Sandy Springs was a catalyst for municipalization of the entire county, in which local groups would attempt to incorporate every area into a city. Such a result would essentially eliminate the county's home rule powers (granted statewide by a constitutional amendment to the Georgia State Constitution in the 1960s) to act as a municipality in unincorporated areas, and return it to being entirely the local extension of state government.

In 2006, the General Assembly approved creation of two new cities, Milton and Johns Creek, which completed municipalization of North Fulton. The charters of these two new cities were ratified overwhelmingly in a referendum held July 18, 2006.

Voters in the Chattahoochee Hills community of southwest Fulton (west of Cascade-Palmetto Highway) voted overwhelmingly to incorporate in June 2007. The city became incorporated on December 1, 2007.

The General Assembly approved a proposal to form a new city called South Fulton. Its proposed boundaries were to include those areas still unincorporated on July 1, 2007. As a direct result of possibly being permanently landlocked, many of the existing cities proposed annexations, while some communities drew-up incorporation plans.[30]

Voters in the area defined as the proposed city of South Fulton overwhelmingly rejected cityhood in September 2007. It was the only remaining unincorporated section of the county until the residents voted in November 2016 to incorporate as the city of South Fulton, Georgia. Prior to that vote North Fulton, which is overwhelmingly Republican, and members of the state legislature, had discussed forcing South Fulton residents to incorporate as a city in order to force Fulton County out of the municipal services business.

### Secession

[edit]

Some residents of suburban north Fulton have advocated since the early 2000s that they be allowed to secede and re-form Milton County, after the county that was absorbed into Fulton County in 1932 during the Great Depression. Fulton County, in comparison to the state's other counties, is physically large. Its population is greater than that of each of the six smallest U.S. states.

The demographic make-up of Fulton County has changed considerably in recent decades. The northern portion of the county, a suburban area, is among the most affluent areas in the nation and is majority white. It was formerly a Republican stronghold, but has seen a shift toward the Democratic Party since the early 2010s. In 2018, Lucy McBath won the 6th Congressional District, the majority of which is in North Fulton. The central and southern portion of the county, which includes the city of Atlanta and its core satellite cities to the south, is overwhelmingly Democratic and majority black. It contains some of the poorest sections in the metropolitan area, but also has wealthy sections, particularly in Midtown Atlanta, many east Atlanta neighborhoods, and in the suburban neighborhoods along Cascade Road beyond I-285. Cascade Heights and Sandtown, located in the southwest region of Fulton County, are predominantly affluent African American in population.[31]

The chief opponents to the proposed division of the county comes from the residents of south Fulton County, who say that the proposed separation is racially motivated. State Senator Vincent Fort, an Atlanta Democrat and a member of the Georgia Legislative Black Caucus, very strongly opposed the plan to split the county. "If it gets to the floor, there will be blood on the walls", Fort stated. "As much as you would like to think it's not racial, it's difficult to draw any other conclusion", he later added.[32]

In 2006 a political firestorm broke out in Atlanta when State Senator Sam Zamarripa (Democrat from Atlanta) suggested that the cities in North Fulton be allowed to secede and form Milton County in exchange for Atlanta and Fulton County consolidating their governments into a new "Atlanta County". South Fulton residents were strongly opposed to Fulton County's possible future division.

### Taxes

[edit]

Fulton County has a 7% total sales tax, including 4% state, 1% SPLOST, 1% homestead exemption, and 1% MARTA. Sales taxes apply through the entire county and its cities, except for Atlanta's additional 1% Municipal Option Sales Tax to fund capital improvements to its combined wastewater sewer systems (laying new pipes to separate storm sewers from sanitary sewers), and to its drinking water system.[33] Fulton County has lowered its general fund millage rate by 26% over an eight-year period.

In early 2017, the state's first (and so far only) fractional-percent sales taxes took effect in Fulton. Atlanta added an additional 0.5% for MARTA and 0.4% TSPLOST for other transportation projects, while anti-transit Republican legislators from north Fulton blocked a countywide referendum on improving and extending MARTA, and instead allowed only a vote on a 0.75% TSPLOST for more roads in the areas outside Atlanta. This puts the total sales tax at 8.9% in Atlanta and 7.75% in the rest of the county, with 4% less on groceries.[34]

### Services

[edit]

Fulton County's budget of $1.2 billion funds an array of resident services. With 34 branches, the Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System is one of the largest library systems in Georgia. Human services programs include one of the strongest senior center networks in metro Atlanta, including four multi-purpose senior facilities. The county also provides funding to nonprofits with FRESH and Human Services grants.

### Law enforcement

[edit]

The responsibilities of the Fulton County Sheriff's Office include process serving, providing security at county buildings, courtrooms, jail and other public areas, and administration of the Fulton County Jail.[35] In 1992 Jacquelyn Harrison Barrett was elected Sheriff, making her the first African-American woman to serve as Sheriff in the United States. However, Barrett was suspended from office in 2004 by governor Sonny Perdue.[36]

## Transportation

[edit]

South Fulton Parkway

Almost every major highway, and every major Interstate highway, in metro Atlanta passes through Fulton County. Outside Atlanta proper, Georgia 400 is the major highway through north Fulton, and Interstate 85 to the southwest.

### Major highways

[edit]

Interstate Highways

* I-20
* I-75
* I-85
* I-285

U.S. Highways

* US 19
* US 23
* US 29
* US 29 Alt. (Palmetto)
* US 41
* US 78 / US 278

State Routes

* SR 3
* SR 3 Conn. (Atlanta)
* SR 6
* SR 8
* SR 9
* SR 10
* SR 13
* SR 14
* SR 14 Alt. (Palmetto)
* SR 14 Conn. (College Park)
* SR 42
* SR 42 Conn. (Atlanta)
* SR 42 Spur (Atlanta)
* SR 54
* SR 54 Conn. (Atlanta)
* SR 70
* SR 74
* SR 92
* SR 120
* SR 138
* SR 139
* SR 140
* SR 141
* SR 154
* SR 154 Conn. (Atlanta)
* SR 166
* SR 236
* SR 237
* SR 279
* SR 280
* SR 295
* SR 372
* SR 400
* SR 401
* SR 402
* SR 403
* SR 407

### Secondary highways

[edit]

Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta

* Abernathy Road
* East Wesley Road
* Freedom Parkway (Georgia 10)
* Glenridge Drive
* Hammond Drive
* Johnson Ferry Road
* Lindbergh Drive (Georgia 236)
* Memorial Drive (Georgia 154)
* Moreland Avenue (U.S. 23/Georgia 42)
* Mount Vernon Highway
* Peachtree Road (Georgia 141)
* Peachtree-Dunwoody Road
* Piedmont Road (Georgia 237)
* Ponce de Leon Avenue (U.S. 23/29/78/278/Georgia 8/10)
* Powers Ferry Road
* Roswell Road (U.S. 19/Georgia 9)
* Windsor Parkway

### Mass transit

[edit]

East Point MARTA station

MARTA serves most of the county, and along with Clayton and Dekalb County, Fulton pays a 1% sales tax to fund it. MARTA train service in Fulton is currently limited to the cities of Atlanta, Sandy Springs, East Point, and College Park, as well as the airport. Bus service covers most of the remainder, except the rural areas in the far southwest and Johns Creek. North Fulton residents have been asking for service, to extend the North Line ten miles (16 km) up the Georgia 400 corridor, from Perimeter Center to the fellow edge city of Alpharetta. However, as the only major transit system in the country that its state government will not fund, there is no money to expand the system. Sales taxes now go entirely to operating, maintaining, and refurbishing the system. Xpress GA/ RTA provides commuter bus service from the outer suburbs of Fulton County, the city of Sandy Springs to Midtown and Downtown Atlanta.

### Recreational trails

[edit]

* BeltLine (under construction)[37]
* Big Creek Greenway (under construction)[38]
* PATH400 (under construction)[39]
* Peachtree Creek Greenway (under construction)[40]

### Airports

[edit]

Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport straddles the border with Clayton County to the south and is the busiest airport in the world. The Fulton County Airport, often called Charlie Brown Field after politician Charles M. Brown, is located just west-southwest of Atlanta's city limit. It is run by the county as a municipal or general aviation airport, serving business jets and private aircraft.

## See also

[edit]

* State of Georgia portal

* National Register of Historic Places listings in Fulton County, Georgia
* List of counties in Georgia

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
2. ^ "2020 County Metro Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 5, 2021.
3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
4. ^ About Fulton County
5. ^ Lynching in America/ Supplement: Lynchings by County[permanent dead link], 3rd Edition, 2015, p. 4
6. ^ AJC Staff, "Hundreds more were lynched in the South than previously known: report", Atlanta Journal-Constitution, June 14, 2017; accessed March 26, 2018
7. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
8. ^ "Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Interactive Mapping Experience". Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
9. ^ "Printable Maps". www.fultoncountyga.gov. Fulton County.
10. ^ Kass, Arielle. "Fulton County first in Georgia to relinquish city services". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Cox Enterprises. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
11. ^ "QuickFacts: Fulton County, Georgia". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 12, 2025.
12. ^ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decade". United States Census Bureau.
13. ^ "1880 Census Population by Counties 1790-1800" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1880.
14. ^ "1910 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1910.
15. ^ "1930 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1930.
16. ^ "1940 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1940.
17. ^ "1950 Census of Population - Georgia -" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1950.
18. ^ "1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1980.
19. ^ "2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2000.
20. ^ a b "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Fulton County, Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
21. ^ a b "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Fulton County, Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
22. ^ "P004 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Fulton County, Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
23. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
24. ^ "Census profile: Fulton County, GA". Census Reporter. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
25. ^ "Fulton County's Strong Economy | FULTON COUNTY". www.fultoncountyny.gov. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
26. ^ Geography Division (December 26, 2020). 2020 census - school district reference map: Fulton County, GA (PDF) (Map). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022. \- Text list
27. ^ "County Attorney". Fulton Country. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
28. ^ "John Lewis, Georgia Congressman and Civil Rights Icon, Dies at 80". NBC Boston. July 18, 2020. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
29. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org.
30. ^ Dewan, Shaila (July 13, 2006). "In Georgia County, Divisions of North and South Play Out in Drives to Form New Cities". The New York Times.
31. ^ Census tracts 78.05, 103.01, 103.03 and 103.04
32. ^ "Plan to split county hints at racial divide". Retrieved March 19, 2008.
33. ^ "City of Atlanta Municipal Option Sales Tax". Archived from the original on February 2, 2007. Retrieved February 12, 2007.
34. ^ "✔ Fulton County (GA) sales tax rate by zip-code or city".
35. ^ "Sheriff's Office". fultoncountyga.gov. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
36. ^ Hart, Ariel (July 24, 2004). "County Sheriff Is Suspended in Georgia". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
37. ^ "ARC allocations could provide for bus transit expansion, funding for Beltline extensions". December 19, 2017.
38. ^ "Alpharetta OKs design to close Big Creek Greenway gap". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
39. ^ "Roswell backs trail along Ga. 400". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
40. ^ "Peachtree Creek Greenway work could begin early next year". August 21, 2017.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fulton County, Georgia.

* website of Fulton County
* Fulton County, New Georgia Encyclopedia Archived May 11, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
* Documents from Fulton County at the Digital Library of Georgia
* Fulton County Jail Information Archived November 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
* Fulton County historical marker
* [1] Archived December 1, 2017, at the Wayback Machine

Places adjacent to Fulton County, Georgia

| Cobb County | Cherokee County | Forsyth County

|
|

|  |
Carroll County, Douglas County |

Fulton County, Georgia

| Gwinnett County and DeKalb County
|  |
Coweta County | Fayette County | Clayton County

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and communities of Fulton County, Georgia, United States

County seat: Atlanta

Cities|

* Alpharetta
* Atlanta‡
* Chattahoochee Hills
* College Park‡
* East Point
* Fairburn
* Hapeville
* Johns Creek
* Milton
* Mountain Park‡
* Palmetto‡
* Roswell
* Sandy Springs
* South Fulton
* Union City

Map of Georgia highlighting Fulton County

Unincorporated
communities|

* Arnold Mill
* Campbellton
* Hopewell
* Red Oak
* Rivertown
* Sandtown
* Sheltonville‡
* Stonewall

Footnotes|

‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

* Georgia portal
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* v
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* e

Metro Atlanta

Counties

* Barrow
* Bartow
* Butts
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* Douglas
* Fayette
* Forsyth
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* Gwinnett
* Hall
* Haralson
* Heard
* Henry
* Jasper
* Lamar
* Meriwether
* Newton
* Paulding
* Pickens
* Pike
* Rockdale
* Spalding
* Walton

Municipalities and CDPs in Metro Atlanta

| 500k+|

* Atlanta

|

100k–250k|

* Cumberland
* East Cobb
* Sandy Springs

25k–100k|

* Alpharetta
* Brookhaven
* Duluth
* Douglasville
* Dunwoody
* East Point
* Gainesville
* Johns Creek
* Lawrenceville
* Mableton
* Marietta
* Milton
* Newnan
* Peachtree City
* Peachtree Corners
* Roswell
* Redan
* Smyrna
* Tucker

10k–25k|

* Acworth
* Belvedere Park
* Buford
* Candler-McAfee
* Carrollton
* Cartersville
* Chamblee
* College Park
* Conyers
* Covington
* Decatur
* Doraville
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* Monroe
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33°47′N 84°28′W﻿ / ﻿33.79°N 84.47°W﻿ / 33.79; -84.47
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