Fuyu County, Heilongjiang

County in Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China

Fuyu County

富裕县

County

Fuyu

Location in Heilongjiang

Coordinates: 47°48′N 124°28′E﻿ / ﻿47.800°N 124.467°E﻿ / 47.800; 124.467
Country| People's Republic of China
Province| Heilongjiang
Prefecture-level city| Qiqihar
Area

• Total

| 4,335 km2 (1,674 sq mi)
Population

(2010)

• Total

| 276,537
• Density| 64/km2 (170/sq mi)
Time zone| UTC+8 (China Standard)

Fuyu (Chinese: 富裕; pinyin: Fùyù) is a county of western Heilongjiang province, China, under the administration of Qiqihar City.[1] Various economic crops and the milk are produced in the fertile land.[citation needed] The county has an area of 4,026 square kilometres (1,554 sq mi), and has a population of approximately 300,000 inhabitants, per a 2023 government publication.[2]

## Toponymy

[edit]

Fuyu County is named after the nearby Wuyur River [zh], which derives from a Jurchen word for waterlogged depression.[1] The county's name been transcribed into Chinese in a number of different ways, such as Wuyur (Chinese: 乌裕尔; pinyin: Wūyù'ěr), Huyur (Chinese: 呼裕尔; pinyin: Hūyù‘ěr), Huyur (Chinese: 瑚裕尔; pinyin: Húyù'ěr), and Wuyur (Chinese: 乌雨尔; pinyin: Wūyǔ'ěr).[1]

## History

[edit]

The area of present-day Fuyu County was once inhabited by the Sushen.[1]

The area also once belonged to the kingdom of Buyeo, and later Dumakru [zh; de].[1]

The area would later be inhabited by the Heishui Mohe.[1]

The Liao dynasty then conquered the area, and placed it under Dongjing Circuit [zh], which was then administered by Changchun Prefecture [zh].[1]

Under the Jin dynasty, the area was administered as Puyu Road [zh].[1]

Following the Jin dynasty, the area was ruled by the Yuan dynasty.[1]

Under the Ming dynasty, which followed the Yuan, the area was administered as part of the Nurgan Regional Military Commission.[1]

During the Qing dynasty, the area was administered as part of Qiqihar.[1] In 1685, Qing settlers established a settlement in contemporary Fuyu [zh], known as Dalaiketun (Chinese: 大来克屯; pinyin: Dàláikètún).[1] Towards the end of the Qing dynasty, the region was put under the administration of Longjiang Fu [zh] and Yikeming'an Banner [zh].[1]

On March 19, 1929, the Republic of China reorganized the area as Fuyu Administrative Bureau, an Administrative Bureau [zh].[1]

On October 1, 1933, the puppet state of Manchukuo established Fuyu County.[1] Since then, the county has changed provinces numerous times, and has changed prefecture a number of times, until December 15, 1984, when it was placed under Qiqihar, which has remained since.[1]

## Administrative divisions

[edit]

Fuyu County is divided into six towns, three townships, and one ethnic township.[3]

The county's six towns are Fuyu [zh], Fulu [zh], Fuhai [zh], Erdaowan [zh], Long'anqiao [zh], and Taha [zh].[3]

The county's three townships are Fanrong Township [zh], Shaowen Township [zh], and Zhonghou Township [zh].[3]

The county's sole ethnic township is Youyi Daur, Manchu, and Kirghiz Ethnic Township [zh].[3]

## Geography

[edit]

Fuyu County is located on the left bank of the middle reaches of the Nen River, to the north of Qiqihar's urban core, and the adjacent prefecture-level city of Daqing.[2] Qiqihar's downtown is located 65 kilometres (40 mi) to the southwest.[citation needed] Fuyu County is bordered by Yi'an County to the east, Gannan County to the west across Nen River, and the county-level city of Nehe to the north.[2]

### Topography

[edit]

Fuyu County's elevation is higher in the northeast, and lower in the southwest, and the county has an average elevation of 185 metres (607 ft) above sea level.[2]

### Fauna

[edit]

Wild animals common in Fuyu County include wolves, foxes, rabbits, red-crowned cranes, storks, and the scaly-sided merganser.[2] Common sea creatures in Fuyu County include Asian carp, goldfish, and catfish.[2]

### Climate

[edit]

Fuyu has a cold, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with four distinct seasons. It has long, bitterly cold, dry winters and very warm, rainy summers.

Climate data for Fuyu, elevation 163 m (535 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 0.5
(32.9)  | 9.7
(49.5)  | 20.7
(69.3)  | 28.8
(83.8)  | 35.8
(96.4)  | 40.7
(105.3)  | 38.1
(100.6)  | 35.5
(95.9)  | 33.3
(91.9)  | 26.8
(80.2)  | 14.5
(58.1)  | 5.3
(41.5)  | 40.7
(105.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | −13.5
(7.7)  | −7.5
(18.5)  | 1.9
(35.4)  | 12.9
(55.2)  | 21.1
(70.0)  | 26.3
(79.3)  | 28.0
(82.4)  | 25.9
(78.6)  | 20.4
(68.7)  | 11.0
(51.8)  | −2.0
(28.4)  | −12.0
(10.4)  | 9.4
(48.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | −19.3
(−2.7)  | −14.1
(6.6)  | −4.3
(24.3)  | 6.6
(43.9)  | 14.8
(58.6)  | 20.7
(69.3)  | 23.1
(73.6)  | 20.9
(69.6)  | 14.3
(57.7)  | 5.0
(41.0)  | −7.3
(18.9)  | −17.1
(1.2)  | 3.6
(38.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −23.9
(−11.0)  | −19.8
(−3.6)  | −10.2
(13.6)  | 0.3
(32.5)  | 8.2
(46.8)  | 15.0
(59.0)  | 18.3
(64.9)  | 16.2
(61.2)  | 8.9
(48.0)  | −0.1
(31.8)  | −11.7
(10.9)  | −21.4
(−6.5)  | −1.7
(29.0)
Record low °C (°F)  | −38.5
(−37.3)  | −36.4
(−33.5)  | −27.7
(−17.9)  | −12.8
(9.0)  | −3.9
(25.0)  | 2.7
(36.9)  | 9.2
(48.6)  | 7.4
(45.3)  | −2.7
(27.1)  | −16.4
(2.5)  | −27.9
(−18.2)  | −35.1
(−31.2)  | −38.5
(−37.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 2.6
(0.10)  | 3.1
(0.12)  | 6.0
(0.24)  | 17.3
(0.68)  | 35.7
(1.41)  | 80.1
(3.15)  | 136.0
(5.35)  | 102.6
(4.04)  | 50.9
(2.00)  | 18.3
(0.72)  | 6.2
(0.24)  | 5.5
(0.22)  | 464.3
(18.27)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.1  | 3.1  | 3.8  | 5.7  | 8.8  | 11.4  | 13.7  | 11.6  | 8.9  | 5.2  | 4.6  | 6.2  | 87.1
Average snowy days  | 6.8  | 5.0  | 5.4  | 2.7  | 0.2  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 2.1  | 6.2  | 8.5  | 36.9
Average relative humidity (%)  | 69  | 64  | 53  | 47  | 49  | 63  | 75  | 77  | 68  | 59  | 63  | 69  | 63
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 176.8  | 206.8  | 251.6  | 235.7  | 246.9  | 234.1  | 226.1  | 224.8  | 226.8  | 209.4  | 170.9  | 153.4  | 2,563.3
Percentage possible sunshine | 64  | 71  | 68  | 57  | 52  | 49  | 47  | 52  | 61  | 63  | 62  | 59  | 59
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[4][5]
Source 2: Weather China[6]

## Demographics

[edit]

### Ethnic groups

[edit]

The county is home to 17 different ethnic groups: Han Chinese, Manchu, Daur, Fuyu Kyrgyz, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Korean, Xibe, Yao, Ewenki, Oroqen, and Uygur.[7] The Han Chinese comprise 95.5% of the county's population.[2] Much of the county's ethnic minorities live in villages clustered together, such as Manchus living in the village of Sanjiazi (Chinese: 三家子; Romanized Manchu: Ilan Boo), Kyrgyz living in Wujiazi (Chinese: 五家子), Daurs living in Dengke (Chinese: 登科) and other villages, and Mongols living in Daxiaoquanzi (Chinese: 大小泉子).[7]

#### Manchu

[edit]

Fuyu County is home to approximately 7,000 Manchu people, most of whom live in the villages of Damagang (Chinese: 大马岗), Xiaomagang (Chinese: 小马岗), and Dagaoliang (Chinese: 大高粱).[7] The town of Taha [zh] hosts an annual Manchu sports festival, which includes horse racing, wrestling, archery, a competition in the traditional Manchu sport of pearl ball (Chinese: 珍珠球), and other events.[7]

#### Daur

[edit]

Fuyu County's government estimates that there are approximately 6,000 Daur people living in the county, and that the county's Daur population migrated to the area during the 1750s.[7]

Villages in Fuyu County with large amounts of Daur people include Dengke (Chinese: 登科) Dongji (Chinese: 东极), Dahazhou (Chinese: 大哈洲), Liangchufang (Chinese: 两出房), Shiwuli (Chinese: 十五里), Dongtaha (Chinese: 东塔哈), Xiaogaoliang (Chinese: 小高粱), Xitaha (Chinese: 西塔哈), Kumu (Chinese: 库木), Jiqibao (Chinese: 吉期堡) and Fufeng (Chinese: 富丰).[7]

#### Mongol

[edit]

Fuyu County is home to over 2,000 Mongols, who are predominantly Oirats.[7] The county's Mongol population is largely concentrated in the villages of Daquanzi (Chinese: 大泉子), Xiaoquanzi (Chinese: 小泉子), Chenjiazi (Chinese: 陈家子), Bajiazi (Chinese: 八家子), and Sanjianfang (Chinese: 三间房).[7]

#### Fuyu Kyrgyz

[edit]

Main article: Fuyu Kyrgyz people

The largely Fuyu Kyrgyz village of Wujiazi is the largest concentration of Kyrgyz people in China, outside of Xinjiang.[7] Of the 653 people who live in the village, 219 (33.54%) are Kyrgyz.[7] Fuyu County as a whole has 1,400 Kyrgyz people.[7] The Fuyu Kyrgyz are separate from the other Kyrgyz ethnic group (see the Fuyu Kyrgyz language classification), but they are usually listed as Kyrgyz by the authorities.

### Languages

[edit]

Sanjiazi (三家子; Romanized Manchu: Ilan Boo) in Fuyu County is one of the few villages whose elderly inhabitants are considered to being the last native speakers of Manchu.[7][8] The village's school offers courses in Manchu.[7]

The Fuyu Kyrgyz language is spoken in Fuyu County. It is not a variety of Kyrgyz, but is closer to the Siberian modern Khakas and the ancient language of the Yenisei Kyrgyz.[citation needed]

## Economy

[edit]

Agriculture in Fuyu County is significant. Major crops grown within Fuyu County include soybeans, maize, wheat, rice, sorghum, millet, sugar beets, potatoes, sunflowers, and various vegetables.[2] Common livestock in Fuyu County include dairy cows, beef cattle, pigs, sheep, and poultry.[2]

Mineral resources in Fuyu County include sand, gravel, clay, peat, mineral water, quartz, chalk, and agate.[2]

## Transportation

[edit]

The Qiqihar–Bei'an railway and the Qiqihar–Jiagedaqi railway (Chinese: 齐加铁路; pinyin: Qí–Jiā tiělù) both run through Fuyu County.[2] Major roads servicing Fuyu County include the G11 Hegang–Dalian Expressway and Heilongjiang Provincial Road S302.[2]

## See also

[edit]

* Aihui District, home to the village of Dawujia, which also boasts native Manchu speakers
* Daur people
* Fuyu Kyrgyz people
* Manchu people
* Sanjiazi

## External links

[edit]

* Official website of Fuyu County Government
* 51yala.com map of Fuyu County (in Chinese)[permanent dead link‍]
* onegreen.net map of Fuyu County (in Chinese)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p 富裕县历史沿革 [Fuyu County Organizational History]. xzqh.org (in Chinese). 2012-11-08. Archived from the original on 2021-02-14. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l 富裕概况 [Fuyu Overview]. www.fuyu.gov.cn (in Chinese). Fuyu County People's Government. 2023-06-13. Archived from the original on 2024-01-08. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
3. ^ a b c d 2020年统计用区划代码（富裕县） [2020 Statistical Division Codes (Fuyu County)] (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-02-14. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
4. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
5. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
6. ^ 枣阳 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m 民俗宗教 [Folklore and Religion] (in Chinese). Fuyu County People's Government. Archived from the original on 2021-02-14. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
8. ^ "A Sanjiazi trip report". Archived from the original on 2010-03-15. Retrieved 2010-04-19.

* v
* t
* e

County-level divisions of Heilongjiang Province

Harbin (capital)

Sub-provincial city|

| Harbin|

* Daoli District
* Nangang District
* Daowai District
* Xiangfang District
* Pingfang District
* Songbei District
* Hulan District
* Acheng District
* Shuangcheng District
* Shangzhi city
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* Yilan County
* Fangzheng County
* Bin County
* Bayan County
* Mulan County
* Yanshou County
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|

Prefecture-level
cities|

| Qiqihar|

* Longsha District
* Jianhua District
* Tiefeng District
* Ang'angxi District
* Fularji District
* Nianzishan District
* Meilisi Daur District
* Nehe city
* Longjiang County
* Yi'an County
* Tailai County
* Gannan County
* Fuyu County
* Keshan County
* Kedong County
* Baiquan County

|

Jixi|

* Jiguan District
* Hengshan District
* Didao District
* Lishu District
* Chengzihe District
* Mashan District
* Hulin city
* Mishan city
* Jidong County

Hegang|

* Xingshan District
* Xiangyang District
* Gongnong District
* Nanshan District
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* Dongshan District
* Luobei County
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Shuangyashan|

* Jianshan District
* Lingdong District
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* Baoshan District
* Jixian County
* Youyi County
* Baoqing County
* Raohe County

Daqing|

* Sartu District
* Longfeng District
* Ranghulu District
* Datong District
* Honggang District
* Zhaozhou County
* Zhaoyuan County
* Lindian County
* Dorbod County

Yichun|

* Yimei District
* Wucui District
* Youhao District
* Jinlin District
* Tieli city
* Jiayin County
* Tangwang County
* Fenglin County
* Nancha County
* Daqingshan County

Jiamusi|

* Qianjin District
* Xiangyang District
* Dongfeng District
* Jiao District
* Tongjiang city
* Fujin city
* Fuyuan city
* Huanan County
* Huachuan County
* Tangyuan County

Qitaihe|

* Taoshan District
* Xinxing District
* Qiezihe District
* Boli County

Mudanjiang|

* Aimin District
* Dong'an District
* Yangming District
* Xi'an District
* Muling city
* Suifenhe city
* Hailin city
* Ning'an city
* Dongning city
* Linkou County

Heihe|

* Aihui District
* Bei'an city
* Wudalianchi city
* Nenjiang city
* Xunke County
* Sunwu County

Suihua|

* Beilin District
* Anda city
* Zhaodong city
* Hailun city
* Wangkui County
* Lanxi County
* Qinggang County
* Qing'an County
* Mingshui County
* Suiling County

Prefecture|

| Daxing'anling|

* Mohe city
* Huma County
* Tahe County
*     * Jiagedaqi Administrative Zone1 2
* Songling Administrative Zone1 2
* Huzhong Administrative Zone1 3
* Xinlin Administrative Zone1 3

|

1 These are administrative zones, which are not standard units of local government, though they do function as such.

2 Formally part of Oroqen Banner in Inner Mongolia but administered de facto by Daxing'anling Prefecture in Heilongjiang.

3 Formally part of Huma County.
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