Gambian Creole people

Ethnic group of The Gambia

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Gambian Creole people" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

|

Gambian CreolesTotal population

1-2% of The Gambia's population
Languages
Krio language, English
Religion
Anglican • Methodist • Catholic • Baptist
Related ethnic groups
Americo Liberian, African American, Black British, Gold Coast Euro-Africans, Sierra Leone Creoles, Afro-Caribbeans

The Gambian Creole people, or Krio or Aku, are a minority ethnic group of Gambia with connections to and roots from the Sierra Leone Creole people.[1][2] In Gambia the Aku account for about 2% of the population. Some estimates put the figure higher. However, according to the 2013 Gambian Census, the Aku make up 0.5% of the population or around 8,477 people.[3]

## Origins[edit]

Gambian Creoles are the descendants of Sierra Leoneans of Nova Scotian, Jamaican Maroon and Liberated African ancestry, who migrated to the Gambia, along with liberated Africans released in the Gambia directly.[1]

Gambian Creoles are partly an extension of the Sierra Leone Creole community, and some Gambian Creoles have roots in the West Indies, North America, England, and various African communities. Some Gambian Creoles also have some European heritage through intermarriage and through their connections to Sierra Leone Creoles who settled in the Gambia between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.[2]

Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±%

|
|

1973| 5,596| —
1983| 10,741| +91.9%
1993| 7,458| −30.6%
2003| 24,492| +228.4%
2013| 8,477| −65.4%
Population Change [4]

## Language[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2021)

|

Many Gambian Creoles speak the Krio language, an English-based creole also spoken by Sierra Leonean Creoles.[5][2]

## Aku Marabouts[edit]

In Sierra Leone, the term 'Aku Marabout' or 'Aku Mohammedan' refers to the Oku people, while in the Gambia, the term 'Aku' refers to the Creole people,[6] who are Christians residing mainly in and around Banjul.[2] The Aku Marabout people of the Gambia are a non-Creole migrant community descended from the Oku people of Sierra Leone.[7][8]

## Notable Gambian Creole people[edit]

This is a list of notable Gambian Creole people.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This article's list of people may not follow Wikipedia's verifiability policy. Please improve this article by removing names that do not have independent reliable sources showing they merit inclusion in this article AND are members of this list, or by incorporating the relevant publications into the body of the article through appropriate citations. (May 2022)

|

* Belinda Bidwell, first female speaker of the National Assembly of The Gambia
* Mark Bright, sports correspondent and former footballer
* Crispin Grey-Johnson, current Secretary of State for Higher Education of the Gambia
* Augusta Jawara (née Mahoney), was a nurse, playwright, women's rights activist and former first lady[9]
* Julia Dolly Joiner, politician and Commissioner of Political Affairs for the African Union
* Joshua King, Norwegian footballer
* Florence Mahoney, author, historian, and first Gambian woman to be awarded a PhD
* Basiru Mahoney, lawyer and Judge
* Dej Mahoney, legal and business consultant
* Louise N'Jie, teacher, feminist and first woman to serve as a cabinet minister in The Gambia
* Lenrie Peters, surgeon, novelist, poet and educationist
* Edward Francis Small, trade unionist, nationalist and pan-Africanist
* Susan Waffa-Ogoo, politician and former Minister of Foreign Affairs
* John Carew
* Nicolas Jackson
* Ebrima Colley
* Omar Colley
* Lamin Colley

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b Frederiks, M. (2002). The Krio in the Gambia and the Concept of Inculturation, Exchange, 31(3), 219-229. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/157254302X00399
2. ^ a b c d Shaka Ashcroft (2015) Roots and Routes: Krio Identity in Postcolonial London, Black Theology, 13:2, 102-125, DOI:10.1179/1476994815Z.00000000051
3. ^ "Distribution of the Gambian population by ethnicity 1973,1983,1993,2003 and 2013 Censuses - GBoS". www.gbosdata.org. Archived from the original on 2021-11-19. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
4. ^ "Distribution of the Gambian population by ethnicity 1973,1983,1993,2003 and 2013 Censuses - GBoS". www.gbosdata.org. Archived from the original on 2021-11-19. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
5. ^ Frederiks, M. (2002). "The Krio in the Gambia and the Concept of Inculturation", Exchange, 31(3), 219–229. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/157254302X00399
6. ^ Bassir, Olumbe (July 1954). "Marriage Rites among the Aku (Yoruba) of Freetown". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 24 (3): 251–256. doi:10.2307/1156429. JSTOR 1156429. S2CID 144809053.
7. ^ Sonko-Godwin, Patience (2004-01-01). Trade in the Senegambia Region: From the 12th to the Early 20th Century. Sunrise Publishers. p. 68\. ISBN 9789983990041.
8. ^ Othman, Ramatoulie Onikepo (1999). A Cherished Heritage: Tracing the Roots of Oku Marabou--early 19th to Mid 20th Century. Edward Francis Small Printing Press. p. 31.
9. ^ Saikou Jammeh, "A Hand of Destiny" Archived 2012-04-19 at the Wayback Machine, The Daily News, 21 January 2011. Accessed 21 November 2012.

## Sources[edit]

* http://today.gm/hi/arts/the_aku.html[permanent dead link]
* http://www.accessgambia.com/information/aku.html

* v
* t
* e

Ethnic groups in The Gambia

* The Gambia portal

* Aku
* Bainuk
* Balanta
* Bassari
* Biafada
* Fula
* Jakhanke
* Jola
* Mandinka
* Manjak
* Mankanya
* Serer
* Laalaa
* Ndut
* Niominka
* Noon
* Palor
* Saafi
* Soninke
* Wolof

* v
* t
* e

African Americans

History|

* Timeline
* Abolitionism
* African American founding fathers
* Afrocentrism
* American Civil War
* Atlantic slave trade
* Black genocide
* Black Lives Matter
* Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
* Children of the plantation
* Civil Rights Acts
* 1964
* Voting Rights Act of 1965
* 1968
* Civil rights movement 1865–1896
* Civil right movement 1896–1954
* Civil rights movement 1954–1968
* Montgomery bus boycott
* Browder v. Gayle (1956)
* Sit-in movement
* Freedom Riders
* Birmingham movement
* March on Washington
* Selma to Montgomery marches
* Chicago Freedom Movement
* Post–civil rights era
* Cornerstone Speech
* COVID-19 impact
* Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
* Free Negro
* Free people of color
* George Floyd protests
* Great Migration
* Second
* New
* Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009 / Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013
* Jim Crow laws
* Lynching
* Military history
* Million Man March
* Nadir of American race relations
* The Negro Motorist Green Book
* Partus sequitur ventrem
* Plantations
* Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
* Reconstruction Amendments
* Reconstruction era
* Redlining
* Separate but equal
* Silent Parade
* Slavery
* Treatment of slaves
* Tulsa race massacre
* Underground Railroad
* Women's suffrage movement

Culture|

* Afrofuturism
* Art
* Black mecca
* Businesses
* Dance
* Family structure
* Film
* Folktales
* Hair
* Harlem Renaissance
* New Negro
* Hoodoo
* Juneteenth
* Kwanzaa
* LGBT community
* Literature
* Music
* Musical theater
* Names
* Negro National Anthem
* Neighborhoods
* Newspapers
* Soul food
* Stereotypes
* Middle class
* Upper class

Notable people|

* Ralph Abernathy
* Maya Angelou
* Crispus Attucks
* James Baldwin
* James Bevel
* Julian Bond
* Amelia Boynton
* James Bradley
* Carol Moseley Braun
* Edward Brooke
* Blanche Bruce
* Ralph Bunche
* George Washington Carver
* Shirley Chisholm
* Claudette Colvin
* Frederick Douglass
* W. E. B. Du Bois
* Medgar Evers
* James Farmer
* Henry Highland Garnet
* Marcus Garvey
* Fred Gray
* Fannie Lou Hamer
* Kamala Harris
* Jimi Hendrix
* Jesse Jackson
* Ketanji Brown Jackson
* Michael Jackson
* Harriet Jacobs
* Barbara Jordan
* Coretta Scott King
* Martin Luther King Jr.
* Bernard Lafayette
* James Lawson
* Huddie Ledbetter
* John Lewis
* Joseph Lowery
* Malcolm X
* Thurgood Marshall
* Toni Morrison
* Bob Moses
* Diane Nash
* Barack Obama
* Michelle Obama
* Rosa Parks
* Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
* Colin Powell
* Gabriel Prosser
* Joseph Rainey
* A. Philip Randolph
* Hiram Revels
* Paul Robeson
* Al Sharpton
* Fred Shuttlesworth
* Clarence Thomas
* Emmett Till
* Sojourner Truth
* Harriet Tubman
* Nat Turner
* Denmark Vesey
* C. T. Vivian
* David Walker
* Booker T. Washington
* Ida B. Wells
* Roy Wilkins
* Oprah Winfrey
* Andrew Young
* Whitney Young

Education, science
and technology|

* Black studies
* Black schools
* Historically black colleges and universities
* Inventors and scientists
* Museums
* Women
* in computer science
* in medicine
* in STEM fields

Religion|

* African-American Jews
* Islam
* American Society of Muslims
* Nation of Islam
* Black church
* Azusa Street Revival
* Black Hebrew Israelites
* Black theology
* Doctrine of Father Divine

Political movements|

* Anarchism
* Back-to-Africa movement
* Black power
* Movement
* Capitalism
* Conservatism
* Leftism
* Pan-Africanism
* Populism
* Raised fist
* Self-determination
* Nationalism
* Socialism

Civic and economic
groups

* Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)
* Black Panther Party
* Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
* National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
* Nashville Student Movement
* National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)
* National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
* National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)
* National Urban League (NUL)
* Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
* Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
* Thurgood Marshall College Fund
* United Negro College Fund (UNCF)
* Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)

Sports|

* Negro league baseball
* Baseball color line
* Black players in professional American football
* Black NFL quarterbacks
* Black players in ice hockey
* Muhammad Ali
* Arthur Ashe
* Jack Johnson
* Joe Louis
* Jesse Owens
* Jackie Robinson
* Serena Williams

Athletic associations
and conferences

* Central (CIAA)
* Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
* Southern (SIAC)
* Southwestern (SWAC)

Ethnic subdivisions|

* By African descent
* Fula
* Gullah
* Igbo
* Yoruba
* Alabama Creole
* Black Indians
* Black Seminoles
* Cherokee freedmen controversy
* Choctaw freedmen
* Creek Freedmen
* Black Southerners
* Blaxicans
* Great Dismal Swamp maroons
* Louisiana Creole
* of color
* Melungeon

Demographics|

* Neighborhoods
* list
* U.S. cities with large populations
* 2000 majorities
* 2010 majorities
* Metropolitan areas
* States and territories
* Illinois
* Ohio

Languages|

* Afro-Seminole Creole
* American Sign
* Black American Sign
* English
* American English
* African-American English
* African-American Vernacular English
* Gullah
* Louisiana Creole

By state/city|

* Alabama
* Arkansas
* California
* Los Angeles
* San Francisco
* Cleveland
* Florida
* Jacksonville
* Tallahassee
* Georgia
* Atlanta
* Hawaii
* Illinois
* Chicago
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Davenport
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Lexington
* Louisiana
* Maryland
* Baltimore
* Massachusetts
* Boston
* Michigan
* Detroit
* Mississippi
* Nebraska
* Omaha
* New Jersey
* New York
* New York City
* North Carolina
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Philadelphia
* Puerto Rico
* South Carolina
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Austin
* Dallas–Fort Worth
* Houston
* San Antonio
* Utah
* Virginia

Diaspora|

* Africa
* Gambia
* Ghana
* Liberia
* Sierra Leone
* America
* Canada
* Dominican Republic
* Haiti
* Mexico
* Trinidad and Tobago
* Israel
* Europe
* France

Lists|

* African Americans
* Activists
* Actors
* Astronauts
* Billionaires
* Jurists
* Mathematicians
* Republicans
* Singers
* Spingarn Medal winners
* US cabinet members
* US representatives
* US senators
* Visual artists
* Writers
* African-American firsts
* Mayors
* Sports firsts
* US state firsts
* Historic places
* Index of related articles
* Landmark African-American legislation
* Lynching victims
* Monuments
* Neighborhoods
* Topics related to the African diaspora

* Category
* United States portal

* v
* t
* e

American diaspora

Africa|

* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Liberia
* Sierra Leone
* South Africa

Asia|

* China
* Hong Kong
* India
* Israel
* Black Hebrew Israelites
* Japan
* North Korea
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* Taiwan
* United Arab Emirates
* Children of American service members (multiple countries)

Europe|

* France
* African Americans
* Germany
* Ireland
* Netherlands
* Portugal
* Spain
* Sweden
* United Kingdom

North America|

* The Bahamas
* Belize
* Canada
* Black Nova Scotians
* New England Planters
* Six Nations
* United Empire Loyalists
* Costa Rica
* Cuba
* Dominican Republic (African Americans)
* Guatemala
* Haiti
* Free Blacks
* Honduras
* Mexico
* Kickapoo
* Mascogo
* Mormons
* New Virginia
* Trinidad and Tobago (African Americans)

Oceania|

* Australia
* New Zealand

South America|

* Argentina
* Brazil
* Americana
* Confederados
* Santa Bárbara d'Oeste
* New Texas
* Chile
* Ecuador
* Paraguay
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

See also|

* African-American diaspora

This article about an ethnic group in Africa is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

|

* v
* t
* e

This Gambia-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

|

* v
* t
* e

This Sierra Leone–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

|

* v
* t
* e

*[Pop.]: Population
*[±%]: Percent change
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template