Gavara

Indian community

Gavara is a term used to refer to four different South Indian communities.

* Gavara is a trading community and is a sub-caste of Balija.[1] They are present in Tamil Nadu. The Telugu-speaking Gavara community of Tamil Nadu is related to Balijas and is also known as Kavarai.[1] The often use the title Naidu.[2] Gavara Balijas are distinct from both Gavara Komatis and the Gavara caste of former Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh.
* Gavara is also the name of a Komati sub-caste.[3][4] They are a trading community.[5] Gavara Komatis are distinct from Gavara-Balijas as well as the Gavara caste of former Visakhapatnam district.[6][5]
* Alternatively, Gavara is also the name of a small caste mostly present in former Visakhapatnam district (present-day Anakapalli and Visakhapatnam districts) and in some parts of the former Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh.[7][8] They are not related to Balija caste. They are predominantly agriculturists and are also involved in petty trade.[7]

* Kavara (also known as Gavara) is a Tulu speaking caste mostly present in Ernakulam, Palakkad and Thrissur districts of Kerala.[9] They are also classified as a Scheduled Caste in kerala and Tamilnadu.[10] They are not related to Balija caste.

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b
* Mukund, Kanakalatha (1999). The Trading World of the Tamil Merchant: Evolution of Merchant Capitalism in the Coromandel. Orient Blackswan. p. 46\. ISBN 978-81-250-1661-8.
* Brimnes, Niels (1999). Constructing the Colonial Encounter: Right and Left Hand Castes in Early Colonial South India. Psychology Press. p. 106\. ISBN 978-0-7007-1106-2. "The Kavarais were Tamilized Balija Chettis of Telugu origin, returned in the census as 'Wadugas' or 'Northerners'."
* R. Nagaswamy, ed. (1997). Studies in South Indian History and Culture. V.R. Ramachandra Dikshitar Centenary Committee. p. 321.
* Jervoise Athelstane Baines, ed. (1912). Ethnography: Castes and Tribes. Vol. 28\. K.J. Trübner. p. 36.
* Colburn's United Service Magazine and Naval and Military Journal. Vol. 28\. University of California. 1829. p. 286.
* R. Nagaswamy, ed. (1997). Studies in South Indian History and Culture. V.R. Ramachandra Dikshitar Centenary Committee. p. 321.
* Christopher John Baker, D. A. Washbrook, ed. (1976). South India: Political Institutions and Political Change. 1880-1940. Springer. p. 223.
* P. R. G. Mathur, ed. (1994). Applied Anthropology and Challenges of Development in India. Punthi-Pustak. p. 356\. ISBN 9788185094793.
* Pradip . K Bhowmick, ed. (2002). Man and Life. Vol. 28\. Institute of Social Research and Applied Anthropology. p. 59.
* Census of India, 1901: Madras (3 v.). India Census Commissioner. 1902. p. 161\. "Kavarai - A Tamil synonym for Balija; probably a corrupt form of Gavara."
* Alpana Pandey, ed. (2015). Medieval Andhra: A Socio-Historical Perspective. Partridge Publishing. ISBN 9781482850178.
* N. Rajasekharan Nair, A. G. Natarajan, ed. (2007). Dravidian Phonology. Centre of Advanced Study in Linguistics, Annamalai University. p. 214.
2. ^ Vijaya, M.; Kanthimathi, S.; Srikumari, C. R.; Reddy, P. Govinda; Majumder, P. P.; Ramesh, A. (2007). "A Study on Tamil – Speaking Immigrants of Andhra Pradesh, South India" (PDF). International Journal of Human Genetics. 7 (4): 303–306. doi:10.1080/09723757.2007.11886010. S2CID 55044174.
3. ^ Yandell, Keith E. Yandell Keith E.; Paul, John J. (19 November 2013). Religion and Public Culture: Encounters and Identities in Modern South India. Routledge. p. 35\. ISBN 978-1-136-81801-1.
4. ^ Census of India, 1961: Andhra Pradesh. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 1962. pp. 7–9. "The two major sects among Komati caste are Gavara Komati and Kalinga Komati. The Gavara Komatis are strict vegetarians while the Kalinga Komatis are non-vegetarians."
5. ^ a b Singh, K. S. (1992). People of India: Andhra Pradesh. Anthropological Survey of India. ISBN 978-81-7671-006-0.
6. ^ Tapper, Bruce Elliot (1987). Rivalry and Tribute: Society and Ritual in a Telugu Village in South India. Hindustan Publishing Corporation. ISBN 978-81-7075-003-1.
7. ^ a b Murthy, B. E. V. V. Narasimha (1989). Entrepreneurship in Small Towns. Mittal Publications. p. 91.
8. ^ "Kapu, Gavara votes to determine Anakapalli assembly seat's fate". The Times of India. 2 April 2019. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
9. ^
* David Levinson, ed. (1991). Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South Asia. G.K. Hall. p. 325.
* K. S. Singh, ed. (1992). People of India: pt.1-3 Kerala. Vol. 27\. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 596\. "The Kavara also known as Gavara are distributed mainly in Ernakulam , Palakkad and Thrissur districts . The community perceives its distribution at medium range and its identification is at the regional level. Iyer ( 1981 ) writes that Kavara is a Tulu caste , found in the Chittur taluk of the Cochin State , who speak mutilated form of Tulu and make wicker work of all kinds. The Kavara still speak a mutilated form of Tulu language , called Kavara dialect with family members . With others they speak malayalam."
10. ^
* Nagendra Kr Singh, ed. (2006). Global Encyclopaedia of the South Indian Dalit's Ethnography. Global Vision Pub House. p. 340.
* Ajit K. Danda, S. B. Chakrabarti, ed. (1989). L.K. Ananthakrishna Iyer: 125th Birth Anniversary Tribute. Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Culture, Government of India. p. 118\. "Kavaras and Gavaras have been again listed as separate Scheduled Castes lifting the area restrictions within Kerala. As already mentioned that the Kavara / Gavaras subsist on basket making . They speak some kind of Tulu - Malayalam dialect."

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