Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)

See also: 2024 Gaza Strip polio outbreak

See also: Gaza genocide

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2024)

|

Residents inspect the ruins of an apartment destroyed by Israeli airstrikes

* v
* t
* e

Israel–Hamas war

* Timeline
* Outline

* * *

7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel
Military engagements

* Re'im
* Sderot
* Sufa
* Nahal Oz
* Ofakim
* Zikim

Civilian attacks

* Nova music festival massacre
* Killing of Shani Louk
* Netiv HaAsara
* Alumim
* Be'eri
* Holit
* Kfar Aza
* Kissufim
* Nir Oz
* Nir Yitzhak
* Nirim

* * *

Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
Military engagements

* Beit Hanoun
* Gaza City
* Jabalia I
* Khan Yunis
* Al-Qarara
* Shuja'iyya
* Shuja'iyya ambush
* Shuja'iyya II
* Insurgency in the North Gaza Strip
* Hamad
* Zana
* Rafah
* Khan Yunis II
* Khan Yunis III
* North Gaza
* West Bank
* Israeli incursions
* Tulkarm I
* Operation Summer Camps
* Tulkarm II

Civilian attacks

* Gaza genocide
* Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip
* Refugee camps
* Jabalia
* 31 October
* Al-Fakhoora school
* Al-Shati refugee camp
* Al-Maghazi
* Schools
* Palestinians evacuating Gaza
* Health facilities
* Al-Ahli Arab Hospital
* Al-Shifa Hospital
* Ambulance
* Nasser Hospital
* Attacks on religious sites
* Rafah strikes
* Flour massacre
* Kuwait Roundabout
* Attack on journalists in Lebanon
* Friendly fire
* IDF killing of hostages in Shuja'iyya
* Tel al-Sultan
* Al-Mawasi (May)
* Al-Sardi school
* Nuseirat
* Al-Mawasi (June)
* Al-Shati and Tuffah
* 9 July 2024 attacks
* Al-Awda school
* Al-Mawasi (July)
* Al-Shati (July)
* Khan Yunis (July)
* Khadija school
* Hamama school
* Al-Tabaeen school
* Deir al-Balah
* Al-Mawasi (September)
* Al-Jawni school
* Tulkarm Camp
* Deir al-Balah mosque
* Rufaida school
* Al-Aqsa hospital (Killing of Shaban al-Dalou)
* Abu Hussein school
* Beit Lahia (19 October)
* Beit Lahia (29 October)
* Kerem Shalom aid convoy looting
* Al-Mawasi (December)
* Nuseirat (December)

* * *

Other theaters
Red Sea crisis

* Operation Prosperity Guardian
* Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou
* Operation Poseidon Archer
* Marlin Luanda missile strike
* Operation Aspides
* Sinking of the MV Rubymar
* Attacks on the MV Tutor
* 2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel
* 20 July 2024 Israeli attack on Yemen
* Attacks on the Sounion
* 29 September 2024 Israeli attacks on Yemen

Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Syria, and Jordan

* Iranian airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
* Tower 22 drone attack
* February 2024 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
* 2024 Homs airstrikes
* Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus
* 2024 Masyaf raid

Israel–Hezbollah conflict

* Israeli invasion of Lebanon
* Odaisseh
* Maroun al-Ras
* Ayta ash-Shab
* Kafr Kila
* Ramyah

Iran–Israel proxy conflict

* 2024 Iran–Israel conflict
* April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel
* April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran
* October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel
* October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran

Assassinations and deaths of prominent individuals

* Saleh al-Arouri
* Marwan Issa
* Fuad Shukr
* Ismail Haniyeh
* Ibrahim Aqil
* Hassan Nasrallah
* Hashem Safieddine
* Yahya Sinwar

* * *

See also

* Background
* Diplomatic impact
* Economic impact
* Impacts
* Gaza humanitarian crisis
* Healthcare collapse
* Children
* Premature babies
* Famine
* Hostage crisis
* Prisoner exchange
* Human shields in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* Israeli blockade of Gaza
* Israeli public diplomacy
* War crimes
* Hamas
* Israeli
* South Africa v. Israel
* War crimes and crimes against humanity report
* Torture
* Executions and assassinations
* Killing of journalists in the Israel–Hamas war
* List of journalists killed in the Israel–Hamas war
* Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
* Wider regional conflict
* 2023 ceasefire
* Calls for a ceasefire
* Three-phase proposal
* Antisemitism
* Anti-Palestinianism
* Mass detentions
* Misinformation
* Protests
* university campuses
* Killing of Ayşenur Eygi
* Qatar and the Israel–Hamas war
* AI-assisted targeting
* Gaza Strip mass graves
* All Eyes on Rafah
* Israeli document leak scandal
* ICC arrest warrants
* Fursan al-Aqsa: The Knights of the Al-Aqsa Mosque

* v
* t
* e

Gaza–Israel conflict

* Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* Palestinian rocket attacks
* Israeli airstrikes on the Gaza Strip
* Blockade of the Gaza Strip
* Israeli war crimes
* Hamas war crimes

* * *

* 1956 Rafah massacre
* Khan Yunis massacre
* First Intifada
* Second Intifada
* Gaza cross-border raid
* Summer Rains
* Autumn Clouds
* 2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun
* Gaza–Egypt border breach
* Hot Winter
* 2008–2009 Gaza War
* March 2010 clashes
* 2010 Palestinian militancy campaign
* Southern Israel cross-border attacks
* March 2012 clashes
* 2012 Gaza War
* 2014 Gaza War
* Shuja'iyya
* Beach bombing incidents
* Deif family killings
* 2018–2019 border protests
* November 2018 clashes
* May 2019 clashes
* November 2019 clashes
* 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis
* 2022 clashes
* May 2023 clashes
* Israel–Hamas war
* 7 October attacks
* Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
* Gaza genocide

The Gaza Strip is experiencing a humanitarian crisis as a result of the Israel–Hamas war.[1][2] The crisis includes both an impending famine and a healthcare collapse. At the start of the war, Israel tightened its blockade on the Gaza Strip, which has resulted in significant shortages of fuel, food, medication, water, and essential medical supplies.[1][3] This siege resulted in a 90% drop in electricity availability, impacting hospital power supplies, sewage plants, and shutting down the desalination plants that provide drinking water.[4] Doctors warned of disease outbreaks spreading due to overcrowded hospitals.[2]

Heavy bombardment by Israeli airstrikes caused catastrophic damage to Gaza’s infrastructure, further deepening the crisis.[5] The Gaza Health Ministry reported over 4,000 children killed in the war's first month.[6] UN Secretary General António Guterres stated Gaza had "become a graveyard for children."[a][9][10] In May 2024, the USAID head Samantha Power stated that conditions in Gaza were "worse than ever before".[11]

Organizations such as Doctors Without Borders, the Red Cross, and a joint statement by UNICEF, the World Health Organization, the UN Development Programme, United Nations Population Fund, and World Food Programme have warned of a dire humanitarian collapse.[12][13][14]

## Background

[edit]

According to diplomats, Hamas had repeatedly said in the months leading up to 7 October 2023 that it did not want another military escalation in Gaza as it would worsen the humanitarian crisis that occurred after the 2021 conflict.[15]

## Food and water

[edit]

### Impending famine

[edit]

Main article: Gaza Strip famine

External videos

Emily "Cali" Callahan, an American nurse who worked in Gaza for Doctors Without Borders until early November, describes the humanitarian situation in Gaza to CNN's Anderson Cooper[16][17]

The situation in the Gaza Strip reached dire levels of starvation and food insecurity by late 2023 and early 2024. Reports from various sources including the World Food Programme and United Nations officials highlighted a devastating situation where food stocks were nearly exhausted, bakeries were being destroyed by Israeli airstrikes, and access to basic food supplies became increasingly scarce.[18][19][20][21] By November, queues of hundreds of people for bread became common, signaling a deepening crisis.[22][23][24]

As the conflict persisted, the Gaza Strip has been pushed to the brink of famine,[25][26] with reports indicating that begging for food became commonplace and hunger became pervasive among the population.[27] By December, international aid organizations and relief workers sounded alarms of mass starvation, with the majority of households facing inadequate food consumption and a significant portion resorting to extreme measures to survive.[28][29] Human Rights Watch accused Israel of using starvation as a method of warfare in the occupied territory, further exacerbating the humanitarian catastrophe.[30]

By early 2024, the Gaza Strip faced one of the worst instances of man-made starvation in a century.[31][32] The chief economist at the World Food Programme noted that the vast majority of people experiencing famine or catastrophic hunger worldwide were concentrated in Gaza, emphasizing the severity of the crisis.[33] Food prices rose in Gaza as food stock ran out.[34] With limited aid entering the region and skyrocketing food prices, the population continued to suffer, with children particularly vulnerable to malnutrition and dehydration.[35] The international community expressed grave concerns, acknowledging the pervasive shadow of starvation looming over the people of Gaza and underscoring the urgent need for immediate humanitarian intervention to avert further tragedy.[36][37] 2.2 million people in Gaza are considered to be experiencing food insecurity at the emergency level.[38]

Israel has challenged the IPC's past methodology, citing academics in the Israeli public health sector.[39] An independent study by researchers from Columbia University found that "sufficient amounts of food are being supplied into Gaza", though, "it may not always be distributed to people due to other factors, such as war and Hamas control".[40]

According to a letter sent to President Joseph R. Biden, Vice President Kamala D. Harris, and others on October 2, 2024 by 99 American healthcare workers who have served in the Gaza Strip since October 7, 2023, and cited in a study from the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at Brown University, based on starvation standards by the United States-funded Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, according to the most conservative estimate that they could calculate based on the available data, at least 62,413 people in Gaza have thus far died from starvation, most of them young children.[41][42][43]

### Water supply

[edit]

See also: Water supply and sanitation in the State of Palestine and Targeting municipal services in Gaza

Boy filling a water container with a garden hose in late-October 2023.

Before the war Gaza purchased a small share of its water from Israel (6% in 2021).[44] Israel's blockade of water pipelines exacerbated water supply issues in the Gaza Strip, which already had a near lack of fit-to-drink aquifers.[45] On 12 October, the United Nations said that Israeli actions had caused water shortages affecting 650,000 people.[46] On 14 October, UNRWA announced Gaza no longer had clean drinking water, and two million people were at risk of death.[47][48]

On 15 October 2023, Israel agreed to resume water supply, but only in southern Gaza.[49] Because Gaza's water pumps require electricity, the agreement did not ensure renewed water access.[50][51] On 16 October, Minister of Energy Israel Katz said that water was available near southern Khan Younis, but the Gaza Interior Ministry denied this.[52] By the same time, residents were drinking seawater and brackish water from farm wells, raising fears of waterborne diseases.[53][50] Doctors and hospital staff drank IV solution.[54] By 17 October, the UN stated Gaza's last seawater desalination plant had shut down.[55] The Guardian stated fears were growing people had begun to die from dehydration.[45] On 18 October, Israel announced it would not allow fuel to enter Gaza.[56] The UNRWA stated fuel was needed to resume water pump operations.[56] Some Gazans purchased water from private vendors who purified water with solar panels.[57] On 19 October, the UN reported Gazans were surviving on a daily average of three liters of water each.[58] The World Health Organization recommends a minimum of 50 to 100 liters per day.[55] On 22 October, the UN stated Gazans had resorted to drinking dirty water.[59]

In November 2023, the UN stated many still relied on "brackish or saline ground water," if they were drinking any water at all.[60] On 6 November, OCHA stated continued water shortages were raising fears of dehydration.[61] UNRWA announced on 15 November that due to the lack of fuel, 70 percent of Gaza would no longer have access to clean water.[62] On 17 November, Oxfam stated Gaza's water supply was at seventeen percent of its pre-siege capacity.[63] On 27 November, residents in northern Gaza received their first aid delivery of clean water since the war began.[64]

Doctors Without Borders stated on 18 December 2023 the water system in Gaza had collapsed.[65] UNICEF reported children in southern Gaza were receiving 1.5 liters of water a day, while the minimum amount for survival is 3 liters per day.[66] As of December 6, the sole water desalination facility in northern Gaza was inoperative, while the pipeline that delivers water from Israel to the north remained shut, thereby heightening the likelihood of dehydration and waterborne illnesses due to the consumption of unsafe water sources. The impact on hospitals has been severe, as only one out of the 24 hospitals in northern Gaza is operational and capable of accepting new patients, albeit with limited services, as of December 14.[30] On 13 December, Israel began pumping seawater into tunnels reportedly used by Hamas.[67] Experts warned this would irreversibly damage Gaza's water aquifers and clearwater supply.[68] The IDF acknowledged it was flooding the tunnels on 30 January.[69][70]

In January 2024, the Israeli army destroyed Gaza City’s main reservoirs, Al-Balad and Al-Rimal.[71] The director of ambulance and emergency centres for Gaza stated on 20 January that the "struggle for water is a daily torment".[72] The UNOCHA director for Gaza stated, "We can only meet a third of the population’s need for clean drinking water."[73]

In February 2024, the Food and Agriculture Organization stated water was at 7 percent of pre-October levels.[74] In May 2024, the Coastal Municipalities Water Utility reported, "The entire water supply and sewage management systems are nearing total collapse because the damage is so extensive".[75] UNOCHA stated some displaced people were surviving on 3 percent of minimum daily water needs.[76] UNICEF made a deal with Israel in June 2024 to restore a desalination plant.[77]

In July 2024, the Israeli military stated it had allowed power to be restored to a desalination plant in Gaza.[78] Children in Al-Mawasi were waiting six to eight hours a day looking for water, with officials stating facilities serving as many as 700,000 people were out of service.[79] By August 2024, UNRWA warned that Gaza's water crisis had grown more severe, with people only receiving about half of the required liters of water per day.[80] Children were reported to be drinking from puddles due to the lack of available drinking water.[81]

## Disease

[edit]

### Physical health and disease

[edit]

See also: 2024 Gaza Strip polio epidemic

> Avatar of World Health Organization

> | World Health Organization

> @WHO

> |
> 
|
|

> As deaths and injuries in Gaza continue to rise due to intensified hostilities, intense overcrowding and disrupted health, water, and sanitation systems pose an added danger: the rapid spread of infectious diseases.

> November 8, 2023[82]

Public health experts warned of the outbreak and spread of disease in Gaza. According to Oxfam and the United Nations, Gaza's lack of clean water and sanitation would trigger a rise in cholera and other deadly infectious diseases.[83] Oxfam stated Gaza's sewage pumping stations and wastewater treatment facilities had ceased operations, so the buildup of solid waste and unburied bodies were likely vectors of disease.[83] Due to the lack of clean drinking water, Gaza residents were drinking water contaminated with sewage, seawater, and farm water, another major source of disease.[83] Richard Brennan, regional emergency director at WHO, stated, "The conditions are ripe for the spread of a number of diarrhoeal and skin diseases".[83]

Doctors also warned of overcrowded conditions at schools and hospitals. Dr. Nahed Abu Taaema stated overcrowded shelters were "a prime breeding ground for disease to spread".[84] Abu Taaema reported a rise in rashes, lung infections, and stomach issues.[84] On 24 October, the Gaza Health Ministry recorded 3,150 cases of disease from drinking contaminated water, mostly among children.[85] The lack of medical supplies was another reported issue, as the World Health Organization reported a sanitation crisis in hospitals, with some struggling to sanitize surgical equipment.[86] Dr. Iyad Issa Abu Zaher stated, "The outbreak of disease is inevitable".[87] UNRWA schools, where an estimated 600,000 Gazans were sheltering, reported outbreaks of scabies and chicken pox, as well as a lack of basic hygiene for women menstruating.[88] On 27 October, Action Against Hunger warned people were developing kidney failure due to the consumption of salt water and dehydration.[89]

On 6 November, OCHA stated individuals with disabilities were suffering disproportionately due to the lack of accommodations in most shelters.[90] UNRWA announced cases of respiratory infections, diarrhoea and chicken pox had been reported at its shelters.[91] On 10 November, WHO stated infectious diseases, including diarrhea and chickenpox, were soaring across the Gaza Strip.[92] OCHA stated accumulated waste in the streets risked the spread of airborne diseases and infestations of insects and rats.[93] Doctors reported that due to a lack of fresh water and iodine, patients wounds were often infested with maggots.[94]

Raw sewage overflowed in the streets, creating a health and environmental disaster.[95] On 8 November, the World Health Organization stated that since the start of the conflict, 33,551 cases of diarrhea had been reported, 8,944 cases of scabies and lice, 1,005 cases of chickenpox, 12,635 cases of skin rash and 54,866 cases of upper respiratory infections.[96] On 17 November, WHO updated these numbers, stating there were 70,000 cases of acute respiratory infections and over 44,000 cases of diarrhea, which were significantly higher than expected.[97] UNICEF warned the worsening sanitation situation threatened a mass disease outbreak.[98]

On 28 November, WHO stated more Palestinians risked dying from disease than bombings.[99] UNRWA chief Philippe Lazzarini warned of an impending humanitarian "tsunami" as people succumbed to disease and the deprivation of sanitation and clean water.[100] A Hepatitis A outbreak was reported by the United Nations on 3 December.[101] The UN reported disease outbreaks in southern Gaza shelters.[102] Volker Türk warned of unsanitary conditions amidst mass displacement in southern Gaza.[103] On 7 December, the World Health Organization reported increases in acute respiratory infections, scabies, jaundice, and diarrhea.[104] On 13 December, 360,000 cases of infectious diseases were reported in shelters.[105] On 20 December, WHO reported Gaza was experiencing "soaring rates of infectious disease outbreaks".[106]

On 29 December, WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus reported 180,000 cases of upper respiratory infections, 136,400 cases of diarrhoea, 55,400 cases of lice and scabies, 5,330 cases of chickenpox, 42,700 cases of skin rash, and 4,722 cases of impetigo.[107] Flooding in Gaza spread sewage water, raising fears of the spread of disease.[108][109] On 19 January, Yahya Al-Sarraj, the mayor of Gaza City, stated more than 50,000 tons of trash had accumulated in the city, further leading to the spread of disease.[110] Parents reported children falling sick after being exposed to raw sewage.[111]

In his address to the UN Security Council on 31 January 2024, Martin Griffiths, the UN under-secretary general for humanitarian affairs and emergency relief coordination, provided a comprehensive overview of the challenges currently confronting numerous individuals in Gaza. According to our latest estimates, approximately 75 percent of the entire population has been displaced. The living conditions they endure are deplorable and deteriorating with each passing day. The makeshift tent camps, established by refugees and displaced people, are being inundated by heavy rains, compelling children, parents, and the elderly to seek shelter in the mud. The issue of food insecurity continues to escalate, while access to clean water remains almost entirely unattainable. Given the limited availability of public health support, preventable diseases are rampant and will persistently propagate.[112] On 4 March, the Gaza Health Ministry stated they had recorded about one million cases of infectious diseases.[113]

The situation in Gaza is worsening, leading to the spread of diseases due to the lack of clean water and insufficient sewage facilities. According to the United Nations, the people in Gaza are facing a shortage of water and hygiene materials, which is negatively impacting their overall well-being and physical health. Additionally, the accumulation of solid waste in public areas, hospitals, IDP shelters, and other locations is a major concern as it poses significant risks to public health. The uncollected waste, amounting to tens of thousands of tons, is exacerbating these risks.[112] In April 2024, the Gaza Media Office stated environmental contamination in northern Gaza had reached "unprecedented levels" due to "mountains of waste and hundreds of mass graves".[114] In May 2024, the UN stated, "Mosquitoes, flies and rats are spreading, and so are diseases."[115] Oxfam reported the threat of disease outbreaks due to an accumulation of "human waste and rivers of sewage in the streets".[116]

In July 2024, poliovirus was detected in Gaza's sewage water.[117] On 29 July, The Gaza Health Ministry officially declared a polio epidemic in the Gaza Strip.[118]

According to a letter sent to President Joseph R. Biden, Vice President Kamala D. Harris, and others on October 2, 2024 by 99 American healthcare workers who have served in the Gaza Strip since October 7, 2023, and cited in a study from the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at Brown University, at least 5,000 people in Gaza have died due to a lack of access to care for chronic diseases according to a conservative estimate.[41][42][43]

### Psychological health

[edit]

See also: Mental health in Palestine

Weeks of continuous air strikes and explosions have contributed to the psychological destruction of children in Gaza. Following 16 days of bombardment, children developed severe trauma, with symptoms including convulsion, aggression, bed-wetting, and nervousness. 90% of children in pediatric hospitals in Gaza exhibited or reported symptoms of anxiety, the majority exhibited post-traumatic stress symptoms, and 82% reported fears of imminent death.[119][120] On 6 November, UNICEF spokesman Toby Fricker warned of the psychological impacts and "massive stress" experienced by children in Gaza.[121] On 17 November, WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stated 20,000 people were in need of specialized mental health services.[122] On 9 January 2024, OCHA reported 485,000 people with mental health issues were experiencing care disruption.[123]

## Healthcare

[edit]

Main article: Attacks on health facilities during the Israel–Hamas war

See also: Health in the State of Palestine and Timeline of the Gaza Strip healthcare collapse

Doctor with wounded child, Al-Shifa.

The healthcare system of Gaza faced several humanitarian crises as a result of the conflict. Due to Israel's siege, hospitals faced a lack of fuel and relied on backup generators for the first two weeks of the war.[124] By 23 October, Gaza hospitals began shutting down as they ran out of fuel, starting with the Indonesia Hospital.[125] When hospitals lost power completely, multiple premature babies in NICUs died.[126][127] Numerous medical staffers were killed by Israeli airstrikes, and ambulances, health institutions, medical headquarters, and multiple hospitals were destroyed.[128] The Medecins Sans Frontieres said scores of ambulances and medical facilities were damaged or destroyed.[129][130] By late-October, the Gaza Health Ministry stated the healthcare system had "totally collapsed".[131]

By 5 January 2024, the World Health Organization reported there had been 304 attacks on healthcare facilities in Gaza since 7 October, with 606 deaths.[132] On 24 January, WHO stated seven out of 24 hospitals remained partially operational in Northern Gaza, and seven out of 12 in Southern Gaza.[133] On 26 January, a senior OHCHR official stated, "I fear that many more civilians will die. The continued attacks on specially protected facilities, such as hospitals, will kill civilians".[134] The same day, a Doctors Without Borders coordinator stated, "There is no longer a healthcare system in Gaza."[135] A senior technical adviser with the International Rescue Committee stated, "There’s nothing that could have prepared me for the horrors that I saw."[136] In May 2024, the UN Development Programme stated the conflict could reduce levels of health back to 1980 levels.[137]

### Supplies shortages

[edit]

Following the shutdown of the Gaza Strip power station on 11 October, it was reported that hospitals in Gaza would soon run out of available fuel to power generators.[138] The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital faced a dialysis crisis, with hundreds sharing only 24 dialysis machines.[87] WHO announced it could no longer resupply al-Shifa and al-Quds hospitals due to the high levels of risk.[139] In November, nearly half of all hospitals were out of service due to shortages of fuel and power, and amputations and C-sections were performed without anesthetic due to shortages of supplies.[140]

On 8 November, Al-Quds completely ran out of fuel and shut down most services.[141] On 13 November, Kamal Adwan Hospital ran out of fuel.[142] The al-Amal Hospital's only generator shut down.[143]

On 6 December, Doctors Without Borders stated fuel and medical supplies at al-Aqsa hospital were critically low.[144][145] Doctors at Nasser Medical Complex in Khan Younis described a lack of supplies and barely any medical functionality.[146]

From 11 October 2023 onwards, the Gaza Strip has experienced a complete lack of electricity due to the Israeli authorities discontinuing the power supply and depleting the fuel reserves for Gaza's only power plant. The United Nations has observed that this ongoing blackout, along with the shutdown of communications and industrial fuel, is greatly impeding the aid community's ability to assess and effectively address the worsening humanitarian crisis;[112]

### Attacks and destruction

[edit]

Main articles: Attacks on health facilities during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war and Killing of health workers in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war

> Avatar of Doctors Without Borders

> | Doctors Without Borders

> @MSF_canada

> |
> 
|
|

> "We're on the fourth floor, there's a sniper who attacked four patients inside the hospital. One of them has a gunshot wound directly in his neck, and he is a quadriplegic [patient], and the other one [was shot] in the abdomen."

> November 11, 2023[147]

On 14 October, the Diagnostic Cancer Treatment Centre of the Al-Ahli Arab Hospital was partially destroyed by Israeli rocket fire.[148] In a statement on 15 October, the World Health Organization stated four hospitals were no longer functioning after being targeted by Israeli airstrikes.[149] On 17 October, a widely condemned explosion in the al-Ahli courtyard resulted in significant fatalities.[150]

On 30 October, the Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital was severely damaged by an Israeli airstrike.[151] On 9 November, the Gaza government media office stated Israel had bombed eight hospitals in the past three days.[152][153]

Israeli tanks surrounded four hospitals, al-Rantisi Hospital, al-Nasr Hospital, and the eye and mental health hospitals, from all directions.[154] The Nasser Rantissi paediatric cancer hospital caught on fire after being hit by an Israeli airstrike and began evacuations.[155][156] At least three hospitals were hit by Israeli airstrikes, leading the director of the Al-Shifa hospital to state, "Israel is now launching a war on Gaza City hospitals."[157] The strikes resulted in multiple casualties.[158] The Palestinian Red Crescent claimed Israeli snipers opened fire on children at al-Quds hospital, killing one and wounding 28.[159][160][161]

On 20 November, Israel launched an offensive on Indonesia Hospital with an airstrike that reportedly killed 12 people.[162] Following the strike, Israeli tanks surrounded the hospital.[163][164] Staff at the hospital reported Israeli soldiers shooting inside the hospital indiscriminately.[165][166][b] Four doctors were reported killed after Israel bombed al-Awda Hospital on 22 November.[171] The Kamal Adwan hospital stated Israeli bombings increased around the hospital.[172]

On 25 November, the director general of the Ministry of Health stated the Israeli military shot at medical teams during the temporary ceasefire in effect.[173] The director of the European Hospital stated its paramedics had been wounded in Israeli airstrikes.[174] On 11 December, MSF stated one of its doctors inside Al Awda Hospital had been injured by an Israeli sniper.[175]

By 18 January 2024, none of Gaza's hospitals remained fully operational.[176] On 19 January 2024, the Jordanian government reported that the Israeli military had deliberately targeted its new field hospital in Khan Younis, using a tank to block the hospital entrance and shooting at the hospital and bunker shelters.[177] On 24 January, the World Health Organization stated it had recorded a total of 660 Israeli attacks on healthcare facilities.[178]

According to United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres, the hostilities in Gaza and Israel have “created appalling human suffering, physical destruction and collective trauma across Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory”.[112]

#### Al-Shifa Hospital

[edit]

Main article: Al-Shifa Hospital siege

In early November, Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza experienced a surge in Israeli attacks, with the facility being bombed five times in 24 hours.[179][180] Families attempting to leave the complex were reportedly shot and killed.[181][c]

Physicians for Human Rights documented the deaths of two premature babies at Al-Shifa due to electricity shortages.[183] IDF spokesperson Daniel Hagari pledged assistance in evacuating babies, but the Gaza Health Ministry asserted a lack of provided mechanisms.[184][185] On November 12, the hospital's director-general stated that 650 patients at Al-Shifa were in danger due to the catastrophic situation, including the destruction of the cardiac ward.[186][187]

Doctors Without Borders reported dire conditions at Al-Shifa Hospital, citing a lack of essentials like food, water, and electricity, with reports of a sniper targeting patients.[188] Israel's raid on the hospital on 15 November was described as an unimaginable nightmare.[d] Witnesses stated that Israel did not provide aid or supplies.[191][192] The hospital faced challenges, including decomposing bodies and maggot-infested wounds, due to a lack of essential resources.[193][194]

Amid deteriorating conditions, an evacuation of Al-Shifa began on November 18.[e][196] Ismail al-Thawabta, a Palestinian media office spokesperson, asserted that patients moved to other facilities faced a perilous fate.[197] ActionAid characterized the evacuation as a death sentence.[198] Concerns were raised about the adequacy of aid. The World Health Organization and the Palestinian Red Crescent participated in evacuation plans, aiming to transfer patients to alternative medical facilities.

The hospital stated six doctors would remain behind with 120 patients too sick to be transferred.[199] A humanitarian team from the World Health Organization visited al-Shifa and found a lack of food, water, or medicine, with signs of gunfire and a mass grave.[200] The director of al-Shifa said people were only given one hour to evacuate, stating, "we were forced to leave at gunpoint."[201][202] WHO stated 25 health workers and 291 patients, including 32 babies remained at al-Shifa.[203]

On 19 November, the premature babies at al-Shifa were evacuated to southern Gaza, where they were planned to be moved to Egypt the following day.[204] The World Health Organization stated it was planning missions to transport the remaining al-Shifa patients to Nasser Medical Complex and European Gaza Hospital in the next 2–3 days.[205]

Staff at Al-Shifa stated 50 patients, including infants, had died due to power and oxygen shortages.[206] The director of Al-Shifa stated Israel's claim to provide incubators to premature babies was false.[207] On 22 November, the Palestinian Red Crescent stated fourteen ambulances had arrived at al-Shifa to evacuate the hospital's remaining patients.[208]

On 26 November, the conditions for remaining patients at al-Shifa were reportedly dire.[209] On 27 November, the Ministry of Health reported a volunteer effort at al-Shifa hospital sought to restart the dialysis department.[210] By 28 November, the dialysis unit was reportedly reopened and receiving patients.[211][212] On 7 December, the Gaza Health Ministry stated only basic first aid was being delivered at Al-Shifa Hospital.[213]

#### Kamal Adwan Hospital

[edit]

Main article: Kamal Adwan Hospital siege

On 3 December, the IDF bombed the Kamal Adwan hospital, killing at least four people.[214] Attacks in the vicinity of Kamal Adwan hospital were reported on 5 December.[215] The director of Kamal Adwan Hospital stated Israel had killed two mothers and their newborn babies when Israel targeted its maternity ward.[216] The UN confirmed the killings.[217] Israel raided the Kamal Adwan Hospital.[218][219] In response, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stated WHO was extremely worried for Kamal Adwan's medical staff.[218]

#### Al-Aqsa Hospital

[edit]

Beginning on 6 January, doctors at Shuhada al-Aqsa Hospital reported that Israeli fire was nearing the hospital. Tens of thousands of people were reported to be sheltering at the hospital.[220] British doctor Nick Maynard stated his medical team was forced to evacuate the hospital as Israeli troops attacked the hospital.[221] Medical Aid for Palestinians and the International Rescue Committee both also evacuated their medical teams when the IDF dropped leaflets telling nearby residents they were in a "dangerous combat zone."[222][223] Following a visit to the hospital, the World Health Organization found 70% of staff and many patients had fled.[224] Doctors reported many patients who were physically unable to move, and that conditions were rapidly deteriorating, with one doctor stating, "A child came in alive, literally burnt to the bone, their hands were contracting. Their face was just charcoal, and they were alive and talking. And we had no morphine."[223][225]

In an interview with NPR on 10 January, one American doctor described the situation at Al-Aqsa as the "stuff of nightmares".[226] Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the World Health Organization chief, stated, "Three months into this conflict, it is inconceivable that this most essential need — the protection of health care — is not assured."[227] Health professionals and doctors warned of the danger of Al-Aqsa's closure since it was the last remaining hospital in the entirety of central Gaza.[228] On 13 January, the hospital ran out of fuel to power its generators, leading to a blackout that threatened patients.[229] The hospital again ran out of fuel in late-May 2024.[230]

### Evacuation challenges

[edit]

Medic carrying wounded Palestinian child in Gaza

On 14 October, Israel ordered the evacuation of 22 hospitals in northern Gaza. The WHO described the order as a "death sentence" for the sick and wounded.[231] Doctors across northern Gaza stated they were unable to follow Israel's evacuation order, since their patients, including newborns in the ICU, would die.[232] Doctors at al-Quds Hospital and the Palestine Red Crescent reported they received a call from the Israeli army to evacuate the hospital or "bear the consequences".[233][234]

On 29 October, the Palestinian Red Crescent reported that it had received warnings from Israeli authorities to immediately evacuate al-Quds hospital as it was “going to be bombarded”.[235] That day, an Israeli airstrike struck 20 metres (65 feet) from the hospital.[236] Mai al-Kaila, the Palestinian Minister of Health, stated the Israeli army was not evacuating patients, but rather "forcibly evicting the wounded and patients onto the streets, leaving them to face inevitable death."[237] The director of the Nasr Hospital stated it had been evacuated under threat of Israeli weapons and tanks.[238] Fighting near Al-Quds Hospital halted evacuation efforts.[239]

On 21 November, the World Health Organization stated three hospitals in northern Gaza would be evacuated, meaning there would be no functioning hospitals left in northern Gaza.[240] On 23 November, four patients died in the transfer from northern Gaza to the Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital.[241] The Red Cross reported its staff were shot at while providing humanitarian support.[242] The Gaza Health Ministry announced it would cease coordination with the WHO on patient evacuations following the Israeli arrest of Palestinian doctors.[243][f] Staff at the Indonesia Hospital were reportedly ordered by the IDF to evacuate.[245] The head of the Medical Emergency Rescue Committee stated patients and staff at the Indonesia Hospital were evacuated to the European Hospital in Khan Younis.[246] Hospitals in northern Gaza, including al-Ahli Arab Hospital, were evacuated by the World Health Organization and the Red Cross.[247][248]

The Health Ministry stated hundreds needed to be evacuated from Gaza to receive medical care.[249] A spokesman for the Gaza crossing authority stated the Rafah crossing remained opened for the evacuation of the sick and wounded.[250] On 7 December, the Palestinian Red Crescent stated 60 percent of the wounded in Gaza required urgent medical treatment abroad.[251] Doctors Without Borders stated on 10 December stated that the Israeli army had forced them to evacuate the Martyrs and Beni Shueila clinics, and that healthcare had completely collapsed.[252]

### International aid

[edit]

> Avatar of Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus

> | Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus

> @DrTedros

> |
> 
|
|

> Patients were receiving care on the floor, screaming in pain. These conditions are beyond inadequate - unimaginable for the provision of health care. I cannot find words strong enough to express our concern over what we’re witnessing.

> December 2, 2023[253]

The Red Cross stated Gaza's entire health system was "on its knees".[254] Medical Aid for Palestinians and UNICEF issued an "urgent warning" that 130 premature babies would die if fuel did not reach Gaza hospitals soon.[255][256] A UN statement signed by five major branches stated deaths could soon "skyrocket" from disease and "lack of healthcare".[20] On 23 October, the Indonesia Hospital ran out of fuel and completely lost power.[257] The World Health Organization warned 46 of Gaza's 72 healthcare facilities had stopped functioning.[258]

On 8 November, the Ministry of Defence of Italy announced it was sending a hospital ship to the coast of Gaza,[259][260] in order to guarantee Palestinian civilians access to health services, essential goods and medical drugs.[260] The ship, named Vulcano ("Volcano"),[260] initially had 170 staff members on board, 30 of whom trained for medical emergencies;[259][260] 28 more members between physicians, nurses and biologists were set to join the expedition in a later phase.[260][g] By early-December, the medical staff started performing emergency surgical operations for injured Palestinian patients who were either at risk of amputation, or waiting to be moved to the Children Hospital in Doha.[261] On 5 February 2024, it was announced that the Vulcano had returned to Italy and arrived at the seaport of La Spezia, carrying 60 Palestinian people,[262][263] 14 of which were children in need of specialized healthcare, although none of them suffered from life-threatening conditions or injuries.[263] All of the children were set to be transferred to various hospitals in Genoa, Rome, Florence, Bologna and Milan.[262][263]

On 9 November, Health Minister Fahrettin Koca announced Turkey was prepared to receive Gaza's pediatric cancer patients.[264] On 10 November, the International Red Cross stated Gaza's healthcare system had "reached a point of no return."[265] The Government of Jordan reported Israel had ordered their field hospital to be evacuated and stated they would not comply.[266] Italy and the United Arab Emirates stated they were considering establishing a field hospital in Gaza.[261][267] A French warship was dispatched as a temporary hospital.[268] On 2 December, Saudi Arabia donated six ambulances to the Palestinian Red Crescent.[269] On 3 December, a UNICEF spokesman described Nasser Hospital as a "death zone."[270]

WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stated fighting in southern Gaza was making it increasingly difficult to run health operations.[271] On 10 December, WHO adopted a resolution to protect healthcare in Gaza, which director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus described as "almost impossible in the current circumstances."[272][273] On 12 December, WHO pleaded with the Israeli army not to destroy hospitals in southern Gaza.[274] Doctors Without Borders said healthcare conditions in Gaza were akin to conditions during World War I.[275]

### Additional challenges

[edit]

Gaza death graph

On 28 October, a communications blackout meant wounded civilians could not dial emergency services.[276] Ambulances were then evenly geographically distributed to provide "faster access to the injured."[277] A surgeon at Al-Ahli hospital stated on 18 November they had run out of blood for transfusions.[278]

Doctors in south Gaza reported a lack of beds and supplies.[279] By 8 December, an estimated 286 health workers in Gaza had been killed by Israel.[280] On 4 December, Doctors Without Borders stated hospitals in southern Gaza were overflowing with wounded patients.[281] The Ministry of Health stated 50,000 people had been wounded since the start of the conflict.[282]

The Red Crescent stated al-Quds was completely out of service on 12 November, as Al-Shifa also stopped receiving patients.[283][284] On 16 November, the Indonesia Hospital completely shut down, leaving 45 patients in need of surgery.[285] UNOCHA stated only four small hospitals in northern Gaza and eight health facilities in southern Gaza were still functioning.[286] On 30 November, WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stated the health needs of Gaza had increased dramatically, though only one-third of its health facilities were functioning.[287]

On 9 January, Rik Peeperkorn, the WHO representative for Israel and Palestine, stated, "I’ve never seen so many amputees in my life, including among children. This will have such a long-term impact on everything."[288] On 18 January, the United Nations reported patients were dying even while hospitalized because Gaza's remaining hospitals were overwhelmed with tens of thousands of wounded people.[289]

## Airstrikes

[edit]

Main article: Bombing of Gaza

Further information: Refugee camp airstrikes in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war and School airstrikes in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war

See also: Dahiya doctrine and Roof knocking

### October

[edit]

El-Remal in Gaza City following an Israeli airstrike, 10 October 2023

In just one week, Israel dropped more than 6,000 bombs on Gaza.[290] Israel's airstrikes were described as a carpet bombing and "indiscriminate".[291][292] By 16 October, airstrikes had killed 2,750 people, including more than 700 children, and wounded nearly 10,000.[53] An additional 1,000 people were missing beneath rubble.[293] On 16 October, Israeli airstrikes destroyed a UNRWA humanitarian aid supply depot.[294][295] The same day, airstrikes destroyed the headquarters of the Palestinian Civil Defence, the agency responsible for emergency response services, including firefighting and search and rescue.[296]

On 17 October, Israel conducted intensive airstrikes in southern Gaza, in areas it told residents to seek refuge.[297] An airstrike at a UNRWA school killed at least six people.[298][299] On 18 October, the Ahmed Abdel Aziz School in Khan Yunis was hit.[300] On the same day, the death toll in Gaza had risen to 3,478.[301] On 19 October, an Israeli airstrike hit the Church of Saint Porphyrius, where 500 people were sheltering.[302] Israel "pounded" areas in south Gaza it had declared as "safe zones", raising fears amongst residents that nowhere was safe.[18] On 19 October, U.S. officials reported alarm at Israeli comments about the "inevitability of civilian casualties", after it used the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as historical comparisons for their Gaza campaign.[303]

On 20 October, Israeli continued to bombard south Gaza.[304] IDF spokesman Nir Dinar said, "There are no safe zones".[305] On 21 October, Israel intensified its airstrikes in advance of an expected ground invasion.[306][307] On 22 October, Israeli airplanes bombed the areas around the Al Shifa and Al Quds hospitals on a night described as the "bloodiest" of the conflict so far.[308][309] On 23 October, airstrikes killed 436 people in the al-Shati camp and southern Khan Younis in just one night.[310][311] On 26 October, Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu stated Israel had "already eliminated thousands of terrorists – and this is only the beginning".[312] On 27 October, WHO stated more than 1,000 unidentified people were buried under rubble.[313]

By 28 October, the Israeli Air Force bombed residential buildings without any prior warning, killing an estimated 50 people per hour.[314] On 29 October, the IDF bombed the area around the Al-Quds hospital.[315] On 30 October, Israel bombed the Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital.[316] On 31 October, an airstrike on the Jabalia refugee camp was described as a "massive massacre."[317]

### November

[edit]

Victim of Israeli airstrike in Jabalia.

On 3 November, the Health Ministry stated 1,200 children were buried under rubble, 136 paramedics had been killed, and 25 ambulance vehicles had been destroyed.[318] On the same day, Israel bombed a medical convoy outside of al-Shifa hospital.[319] The IDF claimed the ambulance was being used by Hamas, leading Queen's University professor Ardi Imseis to state Israel needed to prove its claim.[320] The IDF also bombed the Osama Ben Zaid school.[321][322] On 4 November, Israel bombed the al-Fakhoora School, killing at least fifteen people.[323] Journalists reported Israel was targeting solar panels and personal generators.[324] On 5 November, Israel bombed and destroyed Al-Azhar University.[325] On 6 November, at least eight people died in airstrikes on the Nasser Medical Complex.[326]

On 8 November, Israel bombed and destroyed the Khalid bin al-Walid Mosque.[327] On 12 November, Israel used earthquake bombs on an apartment complex in Khan Younis, killing at least thirteen people.[328] On 13 November, an Israeli airstrike on the Jabalia refugee camp killed thirty people, with Gaza's civil defence team unable to rescue injured people from the rubble due to a lack of equipment.[329]

According to sources, both Israeli and Western, Hamas placed military facilities under schools, hospitals and mosques throughout Gaza (including Al-Shifa and the Indonesia Hospital), or used them as cover for its fighters.[330] According to The Guardian, there were indications of Hamas' use of hospitals, schools and residential building as early as 2014.[331][h] These claims have been disputed, however, including by organizations like Human Rights Watch, UNRWA, and the Palestinian Red Crescent.[333] The Government of Qatar has criticized the lack of either concrete evidence or independent investigations, and both Palestinian and international medical staff have disputed them.[334] Michael Lynk stated Israel's claims were used to prepare "public opinion for the attacks to come".[335]

On 15 November, Gaza's last remaining flour mill was hit by an Israeli airstrike.[336] On 17 November, dozens were reported killed after an airstrike on al-Falah School in the Zeitoun neighborhood, south of Gaza City.[337] The following day, 26 people were killed in an airstrike of a residential building in southern Gaza.[338] A strike on the Al-Fakhoora school reportedly killed at least 50.[339] Deaf, blind, and intellectually handicapped individuals were at particular risk of death by airstrikes.[340] Following Israel's evacuation orders for Palestinians to flee northern Gaza, the IDF intensified its attacks on southern Gaza.[341] It again intensified strikes across Gaza before the temporary November ceasefire.[342] By 26 November, Israel dropped an estimated 40,000 tons of explosives on Gaza.[343]

### December

[edit]

In the hours following the end of the temporary truce between Israel and Hamas, 109 people were killed by Israeli airstrikes.[344] On 2 December, the IDF stated it had struck at least 400 locations in Gaza since the pause had ended, including 50 in Khan Younis in southern Gaza.[345] On 3 December, the Palestinian Civil Defence stated the situation "beyond dire" as the organization was unable to rescue many people buried under rubble.[346] The same day, 700 were reported killed in the preceding twenty-four hours.[347] Some individuals were rescued by aid workers after reportedly surviving several days buried underneath rubble.[348] Robert Pape stated, "Gaza will also go down as a place name denoting one of history’s heaviest conventional bombing campaigns."[349] On 8 December, 350 people were reportedly killed in the preceding twenty-four hours.[350] On 9 December, the Palestinian Civil Defence stated it only had one operational rescue vehicle left in the entirety of northern Gaza.[351] On 13 December, a UNRWA school in Beit Hanoun was destroyed by an Israeli airstrike.[352] On 14 December, a US intelligence report found half of the bombs dropped on Gaza had been unguided bombs.[353]

A Sky News analysis found Israel was directly targeting areas that it was telling people to flee to.[354] Experts stated the bombing campaign against Gaza had been the deadliest and most destructive in modern history, with Corey Scher of the CUNY Graduate Center stating, "Gaza is now a different color from space."[355] The Wall Street Journal described the Israeli bombing in Gaza as the "most devastating urban warfare in the modern record".[356] Torrential rains caused flooding, which raised fears of disease spread.[357]

### January

[edit]

On 5 January 2024, evacuees fleeing Israeli attacks in central Gaza stated the situation there was "hell on Earth."[358] One survivor of an Israeli airstrike wrote, "Even though that air strike did not kill us, it destroyed something inside us."[359] On 12 January, the UN Secretary-General for Human Rights stated that at least 319 internally displaced persons were killed and 1,135 injured by Israeli airstrikes while sheltering in UN shelters.[360]

As of January 2024, Israel’s offensive has either damaged or destroyed 70–80% of all buildings in northern Gaza.[361][362] Numerous casualties were reported in an airstrike on a residential building near Nasser Medical Complex in Khan Younis, with hospital staff reporting having to bury 40 bodies on the hospital grounds.[363] By 30 January, at least half of all buildings in the entirety of Gaza had been destroyed or damaged.[364]

### February

[edit]

On 2 February 2024, UNOSAT, the UN's satellite centre, found that 69,147 structures, or approximately 30 percent of Gaza's total buildings, had been damaged or destroyed by Israeli airstrikes, shelling, and demolitions.[365] The New York Times estimated that at least half of Gaza's buildings had been damaged or destroyed.[366] Israeli bombing campaigns intensified in central Gaza, as displaced people in Rafah grew fearful of an impending Israeli attack on the city.[367][368]

## Displacement

[edit]

Main article: 2023 Gaza Strip evacuations

The line in black represents the IDF's boundary at Wadi Gaza for evacuation of the northern Gaza Strip

On 10 October, the United Nations said the fighting had displaced more than 423,000 Palestinians,[369] while Israeli airstrikes had destroyed 1,000 homes and rendered 560 housing units uninhabitable.[46] By 15 October, an estimated 1 million people in Gaza had been displaced, many of them fleeing northern Gaza following Israel's mandated evacuation.[370][371] Due to continued heavy Israeli bombing in south Gaza, some northern Gazan refugees moved back to Gaza City.[372][373] On 19 October, the UN Office for Humanitarian Affairs stated 98,000 houses, or 1 in every 4 homes in Gaza, had been destroyed by Israeli bombardments.[374] On 21 October, the UNRWA stated 500,000 people were sheltering in UN facilities, and conditions had grown "untenable".[375] By the end of October this had grown to over 670,000 people.[376] Many others sheltered in hospitals.[377]

By 22 October, the UN Office for Humanitarian Affairs stated 42% of homes in Gaza had been destroyed.[378] By 23 October, an estimated 1.4 million people in Gaza had been left homeless.[379] On 30 October, the Red Cross stated it would take years to rebuild destroyed homes and infrastructure.[380] On 2 November, UNRWA stated 50 of its buildings and assets had been affected by Israeli strikes, including four shelters.[381] On 6 November, Al Jazeera journalist Hani Mahmoud described southern Gaza as a large concentration camp.[382] As the fighting in Gaza City intensified, the IDF announced a daily four-hour window for residents to move south, leading to thousands fleeing the city.[383] On 10 November, an Israeli spokesman stated 100,000 people had fled northern Gaza in the prior two days.[384] On 11 November, UNICEF stated thousands of children in northern Gaza were "hanging on by a thread."[385]

On 12 November, CARE International stated, "The journey to the south is incredibly dangerous and hard. Many of those who have made it out have experienced and witnessed terrible suffering."[386] On 14 November, Human Rights Watch stated, "There is no reliably safe route to evacuate. Satellite imagery confirms fires, military operations, and roadblocks on every conceivable route."[387] By 20 November, satellite imagery showed half of northern Gaza had been destroyed by Israeli airstrikes.[388] The Financial Times described northern Gaza as a "bombed-out wasteland."[389] Palestinians feared northern Gaza was becoming uninhabitable.[390] By 28 November, the UN estimated 60 percent of all housing in Gaza had been destroyed.[391] The Financial Times estimated it would cost billions to rebuild Gaza.[392][i]

On 1 December, Israel labelled Khan Younis a "dangerous combat zone."[394] It issued a map of numbered zones, dividing the Gaza Strip into hundreds of different districts.[395] It also issued an evacuation order in southern Gaza for residents to move to Rafah.[396] At the same time it issued the evacuation, Israel bombed Rafah.[397] On 4 December, a UN representative stated "another wave of displacement is underway."[398] The UN stated at least four of its shelters in Khan Younis had received evacuation orders from the Israeli military.[399] By 13 December, half of Gaza's population was in Rafah.[400] On 21 December, a Financial Times analysis found Israel had left northern Gaza virtually uninhabitable.[401] On 6 January 2024, UN humanitarian chief Martin Griffiths stated that Gaza had "simply become uninhabitable".[402] More than 85% of Palestinians in Gaza, or around 1.9 million people, were internally displaced.[403]

On 8 January, Al Jazeera reported Palestinians in Gaza were using websites like GoFundMe to fundraise the necessary money to enter Egypt via the Rafah Crossing.[404] UNOCHA reported there were as many 15 people living per tent.[123] On 13 January, the Gaza Health Ministry reported the infrastructure of Rafah was at its breaking point, unable to handle the large number of displaced people who'd fled there.[405] Philippe Lazzarini stated on 17 January, "You have hundreds of thousands of people living now in the street, living in these plastic makeshift tents, sleeping on the concrete."[406] On 24 January, Israel ordered a large area of Khan Younis to evacuate, affecting three hospitals, 24 United Nations shelters, and more than 500,000 people.[407] In February 2024, Gaza's information office stated the IDF was deliberately burning homes.[408]

## Communications

[edit]

See also: Communications in the State of Palestine

Since the start of the war on 7 October, Gaza has undergone numerous communications blackouts.[409] Direct attacks on telecommunications infrastructure by Israel, electricity blockades and fuel shortages have caused the near-total collapse of Gaza's largest cell network providers.[410][411][412] Lack of internet access has obstructed Gazan citizens from communicating with loved ones, learning of IDF operations, and identifying both the areas most exposed to bombing and possible escape routes.[410] The blackouts have also impeded emergency services, making it more difficult to locate and access the time-critical injured,[410] and have impeded humanitarian aid agencies and journalists as well.[410]

On 27 October, Gaza underwent a near total communications blackout after Paltel's communication towers were destroyed in an Israeli attack.[413] This cut off Gaza from any phone or internet service.[414] As a result, humanitarian groups, including UNICEF, WHO, the Palestine Red Crescent Society, Doctors Without Borders, American Friends Service Committee, Medical Aid for Palestinians, and ActionAid lost all contact with their staff.[415] The Palestinian Red Crescent Society stated wounded people would no longer be able to dial Gaza's emergency number for an ambulance.[416] The Red Crescent stated it was "deeply concerned" about the ability of medics to provide care, stating it had lost all contact with operations room and staff in Gaza.[416] On 28 October, Elon Musk offered to provide humanitarian groups with Starlink access, but Shlomo Karhi stated Israel would fight it with every "means at its disposal” because Hamas will use it for terrorist activities.[417][418]

The UN Assistant Secretary-General and Humanitarian Coordinator in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Lynn Hastings,[419] stated that hospitals and aid operations could not operate without phone lines or internet.[420] The Committee to Protect Journalists warned the world was "losing a window into the reality" of the situation in Gaza.[421] Michael Lynk, a former UN rapporteur, stated one purpose of the internet blackout was to keep "the world blinded on what's happening."[422] The WHO secretary-general Tedros Ghebreyesus stated he was "gravely concerned" by the blackout for the "immediate health risks" it posed to patients and for the safety of WHO staff.[415][423] In a post on X, ActionAid wrote the blackout would make it "nearly impossible" for people to seek help, and stated they were "gravely concerned" for "all the people of Gaza."[424]

Marwa Fatafta, policy manager of Access Now, stated that "taking Gaza completely off the grid while launching an unprecedented bombardment campaign only means something atrocious is about to happen."[413] On 28 October, Netblocks stated Gaza's telephone and internet communications were gradually returning.[425] On 31 October, Fatafta stated the blackout had been used by Israel to cover up potential war crimes as they began their ground invasion and called it a "warfare tactic to induce more pain on the population."[426] Paltel announced Gaza had again been cut off from telecommunications and internet service.[426] On 3 November, the BBC began broadcasting an emergency radio service on mediumwave from Cyprus in attempt to retain communications with Gazan civilians and support information-finding such as "where to access shelter, food and water supplies".[427] On 5 November, internet and telecoms were cut for a third time.[428] Some residents used eSIMs to stay connected to mobile networks.[429] On 16 November, communications in Gaza were cut off for a fourth time.[430] The following day, communications were restored after a limited quantity of fuel was allowed to enter the Gaza Strip.[431] On 27 November, Shlomo Karhi stated Musk had agreed not to operate Starlink in Gaza without Israeli approval.[432] On 3 December, PalTel reported another communications blackout.[433] On 14 December, Gaza's communication companies reported the sixth communications blackout since the conflict's start.[434]

On 20 December, Paltel, Ooredoo, and Jawwal reported a communications blackout in the Gaza Strip.[435] Wounded people unable to call ambulances due to the blackouts reported biking and taking donkey carts to hospitals, while ambulance drivers stated they simply followed plumes of smoke or the sound of explosions.[436] Telecoms went down on 26 December.[437] On 12 January, the ninth communications blackout occurred, cutting off phone and internet access across the Strip.[438] The following day, Jawwal reported an Israeli drone strike had killed two of their engineers attempting to repair the system, noting they had lost a total of 13 employees so far.[439] The communications blackout was the longest of the war.[440][j] The tenth blackout occurred on 22 January.[442] In a statement, UNWRA stated, "Disruption of telecommunication services prevents people in Gaza from accessing life-saving information or calling for first responders, and continues to impede humanitarian response."[443] The Ministry of Communications stated on 27 January that Israel had fired live bullets and a tank shell at its telecommunications crews.[444] NetBlocks reported a "high impact" outage on 5 March.[445] Internet was disrupted on 25 May 2024.[446]

By December 2023 200,000 Gazans (approximately 10% of the population) had received internet access through an eSIM provided by Connecting Humanity.[447]

## Humanitarian aid

[edit]

Main article: Humanitarian aid during the Israel–Hamas war

Further information: 2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip

### Initial block on aid

[edit]

> The amount of aid coming in is a drop in the bucket of Gaza’s humanitarian needs. Before this conflict, about 100 trucks of aid alone entered Gaza [a day]. So imagine now, with all the hostilities going on, if only this number is coming in.

> — Mey al Sayegh, (Red Cross)[448]

On 9 October, Israel implemented a complete blockade on Gaza, preventing the entry of any humanitarian aid.[449] Egypt closed its border to prevent civilians fleeing, but said that it would allow aid to be delivered through the Rafah crossing.[450] A week later, despite international calls for deliveries, hundreds of tons of aid were stuck on Egypt's side of the border, as Israel bombarded the crossing amid fears of weapons deliveries, and declined to assure Egyptian authorities it would pause airstrikes for civilian aid convoys.[451][452] In Israel, aid to Gaza was reportedly prevented by far-right politicians allied with Netanyahu.[453] On 17 October, the UNRWA stated that there was currently "no water or electricity in Gaza. Soon there will be no food or medicine either".[454][455]

### Deliveries to southern Gaza

[edit]

On 18 October, Israel announced it would allow food, water, and medicine to be delivered to a "safe zone" in west Khan Younis in southern Gaza, distributed by the United Nations.[456][56][457] Later the same day, US president Joe Biden announced Egypt agreed to allow 20 trucks with aid to enter Gaza by 20 October.[458][459] More than 100 trucks of aid were waiting at the Rafah crossing to enter into Gaza.[460] In a statement, Human Rights Watch stated that without electricity or fuel, however, the provided aid would fail "meeting the needs of Gaza's population".[461][456] On 19 October, US Special Envoy David M. Satterfield stated the US wanted "sustained" aid into Gaza.[462] The same day, a spokesman for Oxfam stated aid distribution in Gaza would be a "big challenge", and the UN reported at least 100 trucks a day of aid were needed.[463][464] On 21 October 20 trucks of aid entered Gaza.[465] António Guterres stated it was not enough to prevent a "humanitarian catastrophe".[466] Martin Griffiths said the UN was working to develop an "at-scale operation".[467] On 22 October, following the second delivery of trucks, Biden and Netanyahu stated aid would continue to be allowed into Gaza.[468]

### Issues with delivery

[edit]

See also: Structural violence

Trucks with humanitarian aid waiting to cross from Egypt into the Gaza Strip

On 27 October, Lynn Hastings, the UN's humanitarian coordinator for Palestine, stated Israel opposed the delivery of humanitarian aid to northern Gaza.[469] As a result, UN staff would need to risk their own lives if it was determined such aid would be "lifesaving" to people in need.[469] Philippe Lazzarini stated "soon many more will die" from Israel's blockade.[470]

When asked about Hamas's responsibility for the safety of civilians, Hamas leader Mousa Abu Marzook allegedly replied that "it is the responsibility of the United Nations to protect them... [and] it is the responsibility of the occupation to provide them with... services".[471][472] On 28 October, The New York Times reported that Hamas had stockpiled food, water, medicine and sanitary products in underground caches, in amounts that would allow it to continue fighting for several months without resupply.[473] On 12 November, Kan 11 aired a video taken by a Gazan civilian, that appeared to show Hamas policemen beating civilians approaching a truck carrying humanitarian aid for food, before allegedly taking the supplies for themselves.[474]

Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry stated "Israeli obstacles" were impeding the delivery of humanitarian aid.[475] The United Nations announced the communications blackout had brought aid delivery to a "complete halt."[476] On 29 October, a humanitarian zone was announced in the Khan Younis area, along with a claim that aid trucks would increase "significantly."[477] On 30 October, OCHA director Lisa Doughten pressured the UN Security Council for the use of extra entry points to Gaza, suggesting the Kerem Shalom border crossing as the only entry equipped for rapidly processing a sufficiently large number of trucks.[478][479] On 13 November, the United Nations announced it no longer had enough fuel to deliver humanitarian aid in Gaza, leading Canadian Foreign Minister Melanie Joly to say, "This is not acceptable."[480] On 17 November, the UN suspended aid delivery again due to the shortage of fuel and the cutoff of communications.[481]

### Delivery during temporary ceasefire

[edit]

The amount of aid entering Gaza increased during the temporary November ceasefire.[482] On 26 November, the largest shipment of humanitarian aid reached northern Gaza since the start of the conflict nearly two months before.[483] Philippe Lazzarini stated the aid entering Gaza was still inadequate.[484] Samer AbdelJaber, a World Food Programme head, stated people were hungry and desperate.[485] On 28 November, the White House reported that over 2,000 trucks of aid had entered Gaza since 21 October.[486]

### Resumption of hostilities

[edit]

Following the resumption of hostilities on 1 December, aid deliveries into Gaza ceased.[487] The IDF informed the Palestinian Red Crescent that the entry of trucks was "prohibited, starting from today" until further notice.[488] Later the same day, the United States announced they had requested a reversal of the decision, and Israel stated it was prepared to allow aid at pre-pause levels.[489] On 4 December, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) stated that approximately 100 humanitarian aid trucks and 69,000 litres of fuel entered Gaza on 3 December and 4 December. This was “well below” the on average 170 trucks and 110,000 litres of fuel that were delivered daily during the temporary ceasefire.[490] On 4 December, Lynn Hastings, a UN humanitarian coordinator, stated, "The conditions required to deliver aid to the people of Gaza do not exist" and warned of a "hellish scenario" in which aid delivery was entirely impossible.[491][k] Josep Borrell shared a warning on social media from Martin Griffiths stating an immediate ceasefire was needed for the UN to continue humanitarian operations.[493] WHO stated Israel shot at its humanitarian relief trucks in Gaza City.[494]

On 15 December, Israel approved reopening of the Kerem Shalom crossing and announced that the US would be paying to upgrade the Rafah crossing.[495] Following a tour of the Rafah crossing, MEP Barry Andrews stated he believed Israel was deliberately delaying aid deliveries to the Gaza Strip.[496] On 19 December, UNRWA headquarters was bombed.[497] UN chief Antonio Guterres stated the way Israel was conducting its offensive was creating obstacles for delivery.[498] On 29 December, Israel fired on a humanitarian aid truck marked with U.N. insignia.[499] Israel announced on 31 December it was prepared to allow aid ships from Cyprus to enter Gaza.[500] France and Jordan airdropped aid on 5 January.[501] On 11 January, Samer AbdelJaber, a World Food Programme director, stated the organization had delivered "crucial food assistance to thousands of people facing catastrophic hunger" in Gaza City for the first time in weeks.[502]

On 13 January 2024, UNOCHA reported the amount of aid Israel was allowing into Israel had significantly deceased since the prior month.[503] Omar Shakir, Human Rights Watch's Israel-Palestine director, stated, "This is a deliberate Israeli government policy. Aid is not reaching north Gaza."[504] U.S. senators Chris Van Hollen and Jeff Merkley criticized Israel's inspection of humanitarian aid as "arbitrary" and "broken".[505] A joint statement by the heads of UNICEF, WHO, and the World Food Programme stated the limited quantity of aid arriving in Gaza was unable to prevent the "deadly combination of hunger, malnutrition, and disease".[506] A viral video showed huge crowds of hungry people rushing toward a rumored relief truck.[507] On 16 January, a deal was reached between Israel and Hamas to bring more aid into Gaza.[508] On 19 January, UNOCHA reported that nearly 70% of its aid deliveries to northern Gaza had been denied by Israel.[509] On 29 January, the United Nations reported that Israel had denied 29 aid missions to northern Gaza.[510]

In late-January, at least 15 countries announced they were suspending funding for UNRWA.[511] Philippe Lazarrini, the agency chief, stated, "Our humanitarian operation, on which 2 million people depend as a lifeline in Gaza, is collapsing."[512] The regional director of Doctors Without Borders stated, "If you stop these trucks, people will die of hunger and very quickly".[513] UNRWA warned that without continued funding, it would be forced to cease operations by the end of February 2024.[514]

### Killing of aid workers

[edit]

See also: Societal breakdown in the Gaza Strip during the Israel–Hamas war

From 7 October to 17 December, 135 United Nations relief workers were killed in the Gaza Strip, making it the deadliest conflict for UN workers in world history.[515][516] According to Jeremy Konyndyk, the president of Refugees International, "The U.S. concern about these casualties remains almost purely rhetorical. There is no policy leverage being put behind it whatsoever. Beyond expressing concern and expressing regret, that’s where it stops."[517] On 24 February 2024, the U.S. asked Israel to cease killing police in Gaza, stating it was exacerbating the crisis and leading to a "total breakdown of law and order".[518]

## Impact on children

[edit]

Main article: Effect of the Israel–Hamas war on children in the Gaza Strip

Wounded infant at Al-Shifa Hospital, 11 October 2023

Breakdown of deaths by age and gender (analysis by professors Michael Spagat and Daniel Silverman), November 2023[519]

Men and boys over 14 (35.3%)

Women and girls over 14 (24.1%)

Children under 14 (33.8%)

Elderly, above 60 (6.8%)

Due to over 40% of Gaza’s population being 14 or under, children have been notably impacted by Israel's attack.[520] On 13 November, UNICEF stated more than 700,000 children in Gaza were displaced.[521] The Palestine Red Crescent Society stated displaced children were suffering, due to power outages, lack of basic essentials, and "scenes of pain and fear."[522] Catherine M. Russell, the executive director of UNICEF, toured Gaza on 15 November, stating many children were buried under rubble and lacking medical care.[523] Dr. Ahmed al-Fara, the head of pediatrics at Nasser Medical Complex in Khan Younis, stated due to the lack of clean water, he was witnessing the "most serious epidemic of gastroenteritis" among children he had ever seen.[524] UNICEF spokesperson Toby Fricker stated, "There is no safe place for children anywhere across the strip right now."[525] Save the Children reported serious signs of mental health issues among children in Gaza.[526]

On 22 November, UNICEF reported unaccompanied children had been identified evacuating from northern to southern Gaza by themselves.[527] On 28 November, James Elder, a UNICEF spokesperson, stated wounded children were sheltering outdoors in car parks and gardens.[528] Elder called the conflict in Gaza a "war on children."[529] Doctors warned children who survived Israeli airstrikes were left with permanent disabilities and trauma.[530] Aid workers coined the term WCNSF, meaning Wounded Child No Surviving Family.[530] The bodies of some children buried under rubble remained unrecovered.[531] By 3 December, an estimated 6,150 children had been killed in the conflict.[532] In mid-December, the Ministry of Health stated it had run out of vaccinations for children, which would have catastrophic repercussions.[533] The Euro-Med Monitor estimated at least 25,000 children had lost one or both parents.[534] On 19 December, the United Nations stated Gaza was "by far the most dangerous place in the world to be a child".[535] More children were killed in Gaza in two and a half months than the total of children killed in all conflicts around the world in the previous three years combined.[536]

On 21 December, UNICEF reported thousands of children had undergone limb amputations.[537] Save the Children reported 10 children a day in Gaza had lost their limbs, which would result in a lifetime of medical needs.[538] On 28 December, UNOCHA stated 50 percent of all children in the Gaza Strip were experiencing dehydration, malnutrition, respiratory and skin diseases.[539] An UNOCHA representative stated the organization was having difficulty delivering childhood vaccines.[540] On 3 January 2024, UNICEF chief Catherine M. Russell stated many children in Gaza were facing severe acute malnutrition.[541] On 5 January, UNICEF found 90 percent of children under the age of two were eating two or fewer food groups a day.[542]

On 6 January 2024, Tanya Haj-Hassan, a doctor with Doctors Without Borders, stated children in Gaza were "dying in every way possible."[543] In some cases, newborns were rescued from under rubble after surviving bombings.[544] A report by Save the Children on 12 January stated children were "enduring unspeakable horrors, including life-changing injuries, burns, disease, inadequate medical care, and losing their parents and other loved ones".[545] On 16 January, doctors reported children weakened by starvation were dying from hypothermia.[546] On 18 January, the deputy executive director of UNICEF stated the suffering of children in Gaza were the "most horrific conditions I have ever seen."[547][548] By mid-January 2024, an estimated 10,000 children in Gaza had been killed, with thousands more buried under rubble.[549]

An Action Aid coordinator stated on 27 January that children without winter coats were suffering from the cold and rainfall of the winter months, with new commercial products prevented from being brought in.[550] An Al Jazeera correspondent reported he had witnessed children sleeping in mud-filled tents.[551] Describing the impact of war on children's mental health, the Save the Children director of humanitarian policy stated the war had "starved and robbed any sense of safety and security".[552] On 29 January, UNICEF reported that 16,000 children were at risk of missing routine vaccinations.[553]

Ahead of an expected Israel invasion of Rafah, Catherine M. Russell stated, "We need Gaza’s last remaining hospitals, shelters, markets and water systems to stay functional. Without them, hunger and disease will skyrocket, taking more child lives."[554]

### Birth and pregnancy

[edit]

Further information: Women in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war § Gaza Strip

An estimated 150 babies were born in Gaza per day since the start of the conflict.[555] A pediatric doctor at the Emirati Hospital in Rafah, stated the number of premature babies born in Gaza had risen sharply.[556] Newborn babies receiving specialized care in the West Bank were separated from their mothers who were trapped in Gaza.[557] Oxfam stated newborn babies were dying from preventable diseases such as infection, hypothermia, diarrhea, and dehydration.[558] By mid-December, parents were struggling to feed newborn babies, as mothers had insufficient nutrition to breastfeed.[559] Newborn babies born during the conflict died in airstrikes, though some were rescued from the rubble.[560][561] A UNOCHA representative stated she had met a woman forced to give birth in the street, and that the baby had died.[562] One woman reported being unable to bathe her newborns more than ten days after their birth, due to the lack of clean water.[563]

On 18 January 2024, Natalia Kanem, the executive director of the UN Population Fund, spoke at the World Economic Forum at Davos, stating the situation was the "worst nightmare" the UNPF representative had ever witnessed, as there were 180 women giving birth daily, sometimes on the streets of Gaza, as the territory's health system collapsed.[564] On 17 January, Care International reported a 300 percent increase in the rate of miscarriage in Gaza since the start of Israel's bombing.[565] UNICEF reported on 19 January that 20,000 babies had been born in the Gaza Strip since 7 October.[566] UNICEF described each birth as a baby being "delivered into hell", and stated "humanity cannot allow this warped version of normal to persist any longer."[567] The UN Women's agency reported that since the start of the conflict, two mothers in Gaza had been killed every hour, every day.[568] WHO reported an increase in stress-induced stillbirths.[569]

Doctors Without Borders stated that women were giving birth in plastic tents, and that those undergoing C-sections were being released within hours.[570] It also reported that women were being turned away from hospitals due to overcrowding, with some forced to birth in public restrooms.[570]

### Premature babies

[edit]

Main article: 2023 Gaza Strip preterm births

Premature babies at Al-Shifa.

The plight of Gaza's premature babies gained global attention.[571] In late October, Gaza's premature babies faced a critical situation as Medical Aid for Palestinians and UNICEF warned that 130 infants were at risk of death due to a hospital fuel shortage caused by Israel's siege.[255][256] The lack of fuel led to power outages, endangering premature babies in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).[126][127] Despite assurances from the IDF to assist in evacuations, the Gaza Health Ministry reported a lack of evacuation mechanisms, resulting in the deaths of several infants.[184][185][572]

The situation escalated in mid-November when Israel launched a raid on al-Shifa Hospital.[189][207] Evacuations eventually occurred, facilitated by the Palestinian Red Crescent, World Health Organization, and UNOCHA, with 31 premature babies moved to southern Gaza, with most then to Egypt.[573][574] Not all infants were accompanied by their parents, and two died at al-Shifa before the evacuation occurred.[204][575]

The distress extended to Al-Nasr Children’s Hospital, bombed by the IDF in early November, where medical workers had to leave babies in incubators during evacuation.[576][577] Video footage later revealed the aftermath, with five premature babies found dead in their incubators.[578] The IDF initially denied responsibility, though an Israel official was heard providing assurances to evacuate the hospital in a released audio.[579][580] In mid-December, a military siege on Kamal Adwan Hospital worsened the situation, as IDF soldiers reportedly prevented staff from supporting 12 babies in intensive care.[581]

## Reactions

[edit]

A variety of experts, organizations, and countries have labelled Israel's actions against Gaza as genocidal,[582][583][584] using a variety of aspects of the humanitarian crisis as evidence.[585][586][587] During a press conference in April 2024, NATO chief Jens Stoltenberg stated, "What we see now in Gaza is a humanitarian catastrophe."[588]

### Aid organizations

[edit]

A Doctors Without Borders video shared by Amnesty International head Agnès Callamard stated, "This brutal annihilation of an entire populations health system stretches beyond what humanitarian aid can fix."[589] On 4 December, Red Cross president Mirjana Spoljaric Egger visited the Gaza Strip, stating, "the things I saw there are beyond anything that anyone should be in a position to describe."[590] On 10 December, Bushra Khalidi, an expert with Oxfam, stated the situation was no longer "just a catastrophe, it's apocalyptic."[591]

On 11 December, the presidents of six major humanitarian organizations — CARE USA, Mercy Corps, the Norwegian Refugee Council, Oxfam America, Refugees International, and Save the Children — penned a joint op-ed in The New York Times in which they stated, "We have seen nothing like the siege of Gaza".[592] On 13 December, a group of Israeli human rights and civil society organizations, including B'Tselem, penned an open-letter to Joe Biden urging him to use his influence to help stop the "catastrophic" humanitarian crisis in Gaza.[593] Freedom House warned the humanitarian crisis was growing increasingly dire and called on the Israeli government to follow international humanitarian law.[594]

On 27 December, an MSF representative stated, "You absolutely cannot depict this as a humanitarian response: When we cannot guarantee the safety of our teams".[595] Mairav Zonszein, a Crisis Group analyst, stated, "It is clear Israel's war objective is not eradicating Hamas, but eradicating the ability to live in Gaza."[596] B'Tselem reported on 8 January that Israel bore a "positive obligation to allow rapid and unimpeded passage of humanitarian aid, including food" into Gaza.[597] On 11 January, the Oxfam Middle East director stated, "The scale and atrocities that Israel is visiting upon Gaza are truly shocking. For 100 days the people of Gaza have endured a living hell."[598][599] On 14 January, the spokesman for the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) stated, "Gaza has been made unlivable for military reasons and all civilians are paying the price."[600] The following day, the secretary general of the NRC stated it was the worst humanitarian crises of this century.[601]

In response to a week-long communications blackout across Gaza in January 2024, the non-profit Access Now stated, "It is unconscionable to toy with connectivity amidst unprecedented violence and unfathomable human suffering."[602] On 9 February, an International Rescue Committee representative stated, "If they aren’t killed in the fighting, Palestinian children, women and men will be at risk of dying by starvation or disease."[603] On 18 February, the heads of eight major humanitarian organizations wrote a joint op-ed, stating, "The speed of the deterioration in Gaza is unprecedented in recent history."[604] On 3 March, the head of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies stated people in Gaza were in "desperate need of food, water, shelter, and medical care, with no sense of safety".[605] Civicus described the situation as "one of the worst humanitarian crises in recent global history".[606] Agnès Callamard, the head of Amnesty, stated, "While the international community is busy pretending Gaza is a humanitarian crisis, Israel continues to violate international law in total impunity".[607]

The British medical journal The Lancet issued a warning that the actual death toll in Gaza from both direct and indirect causes could be more than 186,000.[608] Jean-François Corty, a humanitarian doctor and president of the NGO Doctors of the World, said that the Gaza Health Ministry's figures take into account the identified dead, "without taking into account all the dead left under the rubble of the bombardments, or the indirect victims who died because of a lack of care or access to care, or from being transported to a health centre. If you add those who are likely to die of malnutrition or as a result of wounds inflicted by Israeli bombardments in the weeks and months to come, because of the risks of superinfection and because their pathology will be treated late, then yes, the figure of 186,000 deaths mentioned in The Lancet is credible."[609]

#### United Nations

[edit]

On 27 October, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution ES-10/21 calling for an "immediate and sustained" humanitarian truce and cessation of hostilities.

UNRWA commissioner Philippe Lazzarini described the situation as "bone-chilling," and the World Health Organization stated that it was "spiraling out of control."[610][611] On October 26, the World Organization declared that Gaza's humanitarian and health crisis had "reached catastrophic proportions."[612] Martin Griffiths, the United Nations head of Humanitarian Affairs, stated the humanitarian crisis in Gaza was the worst he had ever seen in his life, stating, "I don’t say that lightly. I mean, I started off in my 20s dealing with the Khmer Rouge, and you remember how bad that was, the killing fields."[613] Griffith stated it was the worst ever because unlike in other humanitarian crises, the people of Gaza had nowhere to flee.[614] On November 8, UN Human Rights chief Volker Türk described the Rafah Crossing as "gates to a living nightmare."[615]

On 28 November, UN chief António Guterres stated, the "humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza is getting worse by the day."[616] On 3 December, WHO secretary-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus visited Nasser Medical Complex, stating, "Patients were receiving care on the floor, screaming in pain... I cannot find words strong enough to express our concern over what we’re witnessing."[617] On 6 December, UN chief António Guterres invoked Article 99 of the Charter of the United Nations, stating “We are facing a severe risk of collapse of the humanitarian system."[618] A joint statement by more than 20 UN and humanitarian organizations described the crisis as "amongst the worst we have witnessed".[619]

On 8 December, UNICEF spokesperson Thomas White stated, "Civil order is breaking down in Gaza... Society is on the brink of full-blown collapse."[620] Philippe Lazzarini stated, "By any description, it is definitely the worst situation I have ever seen."[621] On 11 December, a UN envoy toured Gaza, leading Ecuador's representative to state, "The reality is even worse than what words can speak."[622] On 13 December, UN human rights chief Volker Türk stated the crisis was "well beyond breakdown."[623] On 19 December, James Elder, spokesperson of UNICEF said "I'm furious that children who are recovering from amputations in hospitals are then killed in those hospitals."[624]

Barbara Woodward, the British ambassador to the UN, stated many more would die from violence, disease, and famine if action wasn't taken to ease the humanitarian crisis.[625] On 31 December, a UNOCHA official stated she was afraid casualties were going to increase exponentially due to "conditions which are literally unbelievable".[626] On 5 January 2024, the United Nations humanitarian chief Martin Griffiths stated, "People are facing the highest levels of food insecurity ever recorded."[627] On 7 January, the UNRWA deputy director reported severe hunger and an almost collapsed healthcare system, stating, "I don’t know how much more they can bear before something explodes in the southern part of Gaza".[628]

On 7 January, UN chief Antonio Guterres stated "widespread famine looms" in Gaza,[629] to which the UN special rapporteur for health Tlaleng Mofokeng stated Gaza was experiencing "deliberate starvation not famine".[630] Speaking at the United Nations Security Council on 12 January, Martin Griffiths stated colleagues who had made it into northern Gaza in recent days had described "scenes of utter horror: Corpses left lying in the road. People with evident signs of starvation stopping trucks in search of anything they can get to survive."[631] The World Food Programme stated nine out of ten people in northern Gaza were eating less than a meal a day.[632] UNGA president Dennis Francis asked, "How much is enough?"[633]

On 20 January, Antonio Guterres stated, "People in Gaza are dying not only from bombs and bullets, but from lack of food & clean water, and hospitals without power & medicine."[634] On 27 January, Martin Griffiths stated, "The people of Gaza have been enduring unthinkable horrors and deprivation for close to four months. Their needs have never been higher."[635] On 30 January, the UN Security Council issued a statement saying it was worried about the "dire and rapidly deteriorating humanitarian situation".[636] On 7 February, Martin Griffiths stated, "More than half of Gaza’s population is now crammed in Rafah, a town of originally 250,000 people right on Egypt’s doorstep. Their living conditions are abysmal – they lack the basic necessities to survive, stalked by hunger, disease and death."[637] On 10 February, António Guterres stated an Israeli assault on Rafah would "exponentially increase what is already a humanitarian nightmare".[638] On 21 February, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stated the situation in Gaza was inhumane and described it as a death zone.[639]

On 5 March, UNRWA chief Philippe Lazzarini stated, "Despite all the horrors that Gazans have lived through – and that we have watched – the worst might be yet to come."[640] On 15 March, a representative from the United Nations Population Fund called the humanitarian crisis in northern Gaza a "nightmare".[641] James Elder, a UNICEF official, stated, "The depth of the horror surpasses our ability to describe it," saying that he had seen "skeletal" children in Gaza, the "utter annihilation" of the Strip, and that "Khan Younis, Gaza City barely exist any more".[642] In late-March, António Guterres stated the situation in Gaza was a "non-stop nightmare. Communities obliterated. Homes demolished. Entire families and generations wiped out."[643]

### Israeli

[edit]

Israeli Major General (ret.) Giora Eiland compared Israel's situation to that of the United States after Pearl Harbor.[644] He argued that if Israel wanted to disarm Hamas, it had "no choice" but to make Gaza a place "that is temporarily or permanently impossible to live in".[645][644] This, he stated, was not a "program for revenge", but a way to get the hostages back.[646] In an op-ed in Yedioth Ahronoth on 19 November, Eiland wrote Israel should not adopt a US narrative that "allows" Israel to only fight against militants.[647] Writing for Haaretz, Zvi Bar'el argued the humanitarian crisis was an Israeli military weapon that could be used as a bargaining chip.[648] In a speech posted by the Knesset Channel, MK Tally Gotliv stated, "Without hunger and thirst among the Gazan population, we will not be able to recruit collaborators".[649]

Ghassan Alian, the head of COGAT, stated, "Human animals are dealt with accordingly. Israel has imposed a total blockade on Gaza, no electricity, no water, just damage. You wanted hell, you will get hell."[650] In January 2024, a COGAT representative denied there was a famine in Gaza, stating, "Don't forget that this is an Arab, Gazan population whose DNA is to hoard, certainly when it comes to food."[651] Netanyahu stated Israel was allowing in the absolute "minimum" amount of aid into Gaza and claimed this was preventing a humanitarian crisis.[652]

### Palestinian

[edit]

On 4 January 2024, Gaza City mayor Yahya Al-Sarraj made an urgent appeal to the international community for fuel "to provide the necessary support mechanisms to provide water, sanitation and hygiene services to serve all residents of the Gaza Strip".[653] On 5 January, the Palestinian Foreign Ministry stated the humanitarian crisis in Rafah was straining the international community's credibility, stating, "The Israeli government continues its deepening campaign of genocide, comprehensive destruction, and displacement in the Gaza Strip".[654] On 14 January, the Foreign Ministry stated, "The Israeli occupation has turned Gaza into an uninhabitable place, committed horrific crimes, and forcibly displaced approximately 2 million people".[655] The Ministry stated Israel was claiming self-defense to justify making Gaza uninhabitable.[656]

### United States

[edit]

Ten days into the war, the United States UN representative Linda Thomas-Greenfield vetoed a UN Security Council resolution that would have condemned all violence against civilians in the war and urged humanitarian aid to Gaza. She said it was too early to craft a resolution while diplomacy was underway and criticized the one proposed for not mentioning Israel's right to self-defense.[657] In a Wall Street Journal op-ed, conservative American commentator Daniel Henninger speculated Hamas wanted to create a humanitarian crisis for publicity purposes.[658]

US Vice-President Kamala Harris said on 2 December that "too many innocent Palestinians have been killed" and that "international humanitarian law must be respected". She said that at the end of the conflict there must be "No forcible displacement, no reoccupation, no siege or blockade, no reduction in territory, and no use of Gaza as a platform for terrorism".[659] Ten days later, US President Biden warned that Israel was losing international support because of its "indiscriminate bombing" of Gaza.[660]

In early March 2024, the United States began airdrops of humanitarian aid into Gaza.[661] Following an incident in which an airdrop of aid killed 5 Gazans and injured several others, the US Central Command[662] and an unnamed U.S. official on 8 March rejected reports that their airdrops were to blame.[663] The US also began work on opening a 'maritime aid corridor' and building the Gaza floating pier so aid could be delivered by sea.[664] On 4 March, US Vice-President Harris called for "an immediate ceasefire" because of "the immense scale of suffering in Gaza". She said Israel must let more aid into Gaza and was imposing "unnecessary restrictions".[665] US Senator Chris Van Hollen had said that "political decisions by the Netanyahu coalition" were delaying the delivery of aid into Gaza.[666]

The US put forward a draft UN Security Council resolution which stated the "imperative" for "an immediate and sustained ceasefire", facilitating aid delivery, and supporting ongoing talks between Israel and Hamas, linked to the release of hostages. On 22 March it was vetoed by Russia and China.[667] On 25 March, the US abstained on a UN Security Council ceasefire resolution, allowing it to pass.[668] On 26 March, the U.S. Secretary of Defense called the situation in Gaza a "human catastrophe".[669]

US Republican Congressman and former aide to Donald Trump, Max Miller, speaking at Fox News stated that Palestine is "about to get eviscerated... to turn that into a parking lot." He has previously called on the Biden administration "to get out of Israel's way and to let Israel do what it needs to do best". He said there should be "no rules of engagement" during Israel's bombardment of Gaza.[670] Miller also questioned the accuracy of the Gaza Health Ministry's claim that 10,000 people have been killed in Gaza, saying that he believes many of those killed have been "Hamas terrorists", not innocent civilians, and said the United States does not "trust an entity that puts munitions in mosques, and churches and in hospitals."[671]

Former Republican Representative Michele Bachmann appearing in December in The Charlie Kirk Show stated "So, it's time that Gaza ends. The two million people who live there – they are clever assassins. They need to be removed from that land. That land needs to be turned into a national park. And since they're the voluntary mercenaries for Iran, they need to be dropped on the doorstep of Iran. Let Iran deal with those people." She received a round of applause from the audience, while Kirk replied "I look at Israel and Israel says we never want another person into our country that doesn't share our values," Kirk said. "They said they don't want refugees. They don't want any of these people. I want American immigration policy to be like that."[672][673]

Republican Representative, Brian Mast, compared all Palestinians to Nazis in November on the House floor.[674] On January 31, 2024, Mast also said that Palestinian babies are not innocent civilians but "terrorists" who should be killed, that more infrastructure in Gaza needs to be destroyed, and that "It would be better if you kill all the terrorists and kill everyone who are supporters."[675]

In an interview with Fox News on March 5, 2024, the former president and presumptive Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump stated that Joe Biden "dumped Israel" due to being overly influenced by pro-Palestinian protests, that "The Democrats are very bad for Israel," that he supports Israel’s ongoing offensive on Gaza in which Israel has to "finish the problem", and that the Biden administration "got soft", which commentators has viewed as a call to continue and "double down" on genocidal acts. Trump's campaign also said that, if elected again, he would bar Gaza residents from entering the U.S. as part of an expanded travel ban.[676]

In a town hall meeting on March 25, 2024, the Republican US House representative Tim Walberg of Michigan stated that Palestinian civilians should have nuclear weapons used against them, "like Nagasaki and Hiroshima" (the Japanese cities where the US dropped atomic bombs at the end of World War Two, killing hundreds of thousands of people) in order to "Get it over quick."[677][678][679]

A group of eight Democrat Senators led by Bernie Sanders, Jeff Merkley, and Chris Van Hollen issued an official letter to President Joe Biden, calling on him to "enforce federal law" by requiring Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu "to stop restricting humanitarian aid access to Gaza or forfeit U.S. military aid to Israel" as "The severe humanitarian catastrophe unfolding in Gaza is nearly unprecedented in modern history" and "The United States should not provide military assistance to any country that interferes with U.S. humanitarian assistance." They cited the 1961 Foreign Assistance Act, which states that "no assistance" shall be provided under that law or the Arms Export Control Act to any country that restricts, directly or indirectly, the transport or delivery of U.S. humanitarian assistance. "Stopping American humanitarian aid is in violation of the law. That should be clear. No more money to Netanyahu's war machine to kill Palestinian children," Sanders said.[680]

### Other states

[edit]

On 8 January 2024, Jordanian foreign minister Ayman Safadi condemned Israel's actions in Gaza, stating, "The Israeli aggression on Gaza has exceeded all humanitarian, legal and moral limits".[681]

On 9 January 2024, British Foreign Secretary David Cameron admitted he is "worried" that Israel has "taken action that might be in breach of international law", saying he wanted Israel to restore water supplies to Gaza.[682] Cameron stated on 26 January, "The scale of suffering in Gaza is unimaginable".[683] Sarah Champion, a Labor MP, stated, "I find it utterly wicked and immoral that international conventions [in Gaza] are not being respected, particularly when it comes to medical facilities".[684] Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi stated, "We cannot allow this humanitarian disaster to continue",[685] and described it as "a tragedy for humankind and a disgrace for civilization".[686] Yousef Al Otaiba, the UAE ambassador to the United States, called for a ceasefire, writing, "Half of the people are starving. The medical system has collapsed. Safe water is scarce. An impending Israeli offensive will displace millions."[687]

Speaking about Rafah, a German government spokesperson stated on 19 February 2024 that although the full scope of the crisis was difficult to assess, "Everyone recognizes that it is catastrophic."[688] William, Prince of Wales stated, "There is a desperate need for increased humanitarian support to Gaza."[689] On 3 March, France’s Foreign Minister Stéphane Séjourné stated, "The humanitarian situation in Gaza has been catastrophic for several weeks, if not several months. And this is creating indefensible and unjustifiable situations for which the Israelis are accountable".[690] On 26 March, the German foreign minister Anna Baerbock stated, "The humanitarian situation in Gaza is hell".[691]

### Resolution efforts

[edit]

In a call on 20 November, Chinese President Xi Jinping and French President Emmanuel Macron discussed measures to avoid the humanitarian crisis from getting worse.[692] In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia on November 11, 2023, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Arab League held an emergency meeting on the Gaza humanitarian crisis created by the war.[693] On 5 December, Cyprus President Nikos Christodoulides visited Egypt and Jordan in attempt to establish a humanitarian aid corridor to Gaza.[694] The UN appointed Sigrid Kaag in the newly created position of senior humanitarian and reconstruction coordinator for Gaza.[695]

On December 6, United Nations secretary-general António Guterres invoked Article 99 of the UN Charter, that is: "The Secretary-General may bring to the attention of the Security Council any matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security."[696][697] Guterres cited the situation as a threat to "international peace and security" and "a severe risk of collapse of the humanitarian system" which he argued have irreversible impacts for Palestinians.[698] By invoking Article 99, Guterres is pushing the Security Council to call for a cease fire.[699]

### Refugees

[edit]

At the beginning of the war, Egypt announced it was closing the Rafah Crossing to Gaza, one of only three exit points along the Gaza border.[700][701] Egypt cited fears about permanent displacement and a possible refugee crisis, particularly if Israel refused to allow the refugees back into Gaza after the war.[702][l] Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu sought to convince Egypt to accept Gazan refugees.[704]

Jordan also expressed reluctance to receive Palestinian refugees.[705] King Abdullah II of Jordan warned Israel against pushing Palestinians into Jordan, emphasizing the need to address the humanitarian situation within both Gaza and the West Bank.[706]

In Europe, Humza Yousaf, the First Minister of Scotland, urged the international community to establish a refugee program for Gaza.[707][708] Yousaf stated Scotland was ready to offer sanctuary to refugees, and called on the UK to create a resettlement scheme.[708][m] Foreign Minister Hanke Bruins Slot stated the Netherlands was discussing the possibility of accepting sick and wounded Palestinian children into the country.[709]

In the United States, left-wing politicians, including Representatives Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Jamaal Bowman, emphasized the US's historical role accepting refugees and called for the acceptance of Gazan refugees.[705] Right-wing politicians, such as former-President Donald Trump and Governor Ron DeSantis, both argued for barring admittance of any refugees from Gaza.[705] Former US ambassador to the UN, Nikki Haley, said that Palestinian refugees from Gaza should be accepted by Middle Eastern countries.[710] President Joe Biden did not announce any plans to admit refugees, but stated $100 million in aid would be given to Gaza.[705]

## See also

[edit]

* 2024 Gaza Strip polio outbreak
* 2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip
* Audience cost
* Casualties of the Israel–Hamas war
* Collective punishment
* Deficiency (medicine)
* Dehydration
* Emaciation
* Famine
* Israeli blockade of aid delivery to the Gaza Strip
* Gaza floating pier
* Genocide
* Humanitarian aid during the Israel–Hamas war
* Human right to water and sanitation
* Hunger
* International aid to Palestinians
* Israeli blockade of aid delivery to the Gaza Strip
* Malnutrition
* Muscle atrophy
* Outline of the Israel–Hamas war
* Palestinian genocide accusation
* Persecution
* Protracted social conflict
* Refugee camp airstrikes in the Israel–Hamas war
* Starvation (crime)
* Terminal dehydration
* War crimes in the Israel–Hamas war
* Timeline of the Yemeni humanitarian crisis
* Winter of 2024–25 in the Gaza Strip
* World food crises (2022–present)

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Israeli UN Ambassador Gilad Erdan responded directly to Guterres, stating, "Shame on [Guterres]... More than 30 minors – among them a 9-month-old baby as well as toddlers and children who witnessed their parents being murdered in cold blood – are being held against their will in the Gaza Strip. Hamas is the problem in Gaza, not Israel's actions to eliminate this terrorist organization."[7][8]
2. ^ Many were sheltering at the hospital, as it was the last functioning one in northern Gaza.[167][168] The Gaza Ministry of Health stated 200 patients were evacuated from the hospital, while an estimated 500 patients remained.[169][170]
3. ^ Ashraf al-Qudra, a doctor at al-Shifa, stated the hospital was completely out of service, as the Israeli army shot "everything that moves."[182]
4. ^ Three dozen premature babies, were still sheltering at the time of the raid.[189] Doctors reported 40 patients at al-Shifa died.[190]
5. ^ Robert Mardini, director general of the Red Cross, described the situation at al-Shifa as "unbearably desperate."[195]
6. ^ The Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor reported it had received reports that WHO either unwittingly or knowingly facilitated the doctors' arrests.[244]
7. ^ The Italian Joint Operations Command also announced a plan to build an Armed Forces-owned field hospital within the Gaza Strip, although the designation of the specific site was subject to the assurance of basic safety conditions in the chosen area.[260][261] The Ministry of Defence authorized medical staff from foreign countries and international organizations to join the personnel of both the hospital ship and the field hospital;[260][261] as a result, six between physicians and nurses from the Qatar Armed Forces, as well as a medical team affiliated to the Francesca Rava Foundation [it], joined the staff of the ship.[261] However, due to the constant escalation of the war in the Gaza Strip, the Vulcano was authorized to change its path following a NATO meeting, and arrived in Al'Arish, Egypt on 3 December.
8. ^ In 2022, a "man-made cavity" was discovered under the grounds of an UNRWA school in Gaza.[332]
9. ^ Mohammed Mustafa, the chief economist of the Palestine Investment Fund, estimated rebuilding Gaza's homes alone would cost around $15 billion USD.[393]
10. ^ Service partially returned on 19 January, making the seven-day-long blackout the longest of the war thus far.[441]
11. ^ Shortly after these comments, the Israeli government revoked Hastings' visa[492]
12. ^ On 2 November, Egypt said it would allow 7,000 dual citizens to exit through the Rafah border crossing.[703]
13. ^ Yousaf also called on Israel not to resort to collective punishment and emphasized the need for medical evacuation support for injured civilians. Yousaf has personal ties to Gaza, with family members there. He stressed unity and safety for all communities in Scotland. The UK government, led by conservative Rishi Sunak, did not issue an official response to Yousaf's comments.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Ioanes, Ellen (14 October 2023). "Gaza's spiraling humanitarian crisis, explained". Vox. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
2. ^ a b Marsi, Federica (14 October 2023). "Gaza doctors warn of a humanitarian catastrophe after Israeli attacks". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
3. ^ Gottbrath, Laurin-Whitney (14 October 2023). "Gaza "fast becoming hell hole" on "brink of collapse" amid Israel strikes: UN". Axios. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
4. ^ Mellen, Ruby; Chen, Szu Yu (26 October 2023). "See how Israel's siege has plunged Gaza into darkness and isolation". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
5. ^ "Gaza war inflicts catastrophic damage on infrastructure and economy". Reuters. 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023.
6. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (6 November 2023). "Gaza death toll tops 10,000; UN calls it a children's graveyard". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
7. ^ "UN says Gaza becoming". BBC News. 6 November 2023. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
8. ^ "UN chief: Gaza has become 'graveyard for kids'; Israeli envoy calls for him to resign". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
9. ^ Nichols, Michelle. "UN chief says Gaza becoming a 'graveyard for children'". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
10. ^ Abdulrahim, Raja (18 November 2023). "The War Turns Gaza Into a 'Graveyard' for Children". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
11. ^ Suter, Tara. "Gaza conditions worse than ever, USAID chief says". The Hill. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
12. ^ Doctors w/o Borders [@MSF_USA] (20 October 2023). "You need that fuel to run generators for life-saving medical equipment.' There is a lack of painkillers. Access to supplies means life or death at this point. We're deeply concerned for the fate of everyone in Gaza right now" (Tweet). Retrieved 20 October 2023 - via Twitter.
13. ^ "'The world must do more' for Gaza, 5 UN agencies say". UN News. 21 October 2023. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
14. ^ Uras, Umut; Shankar, Priyanka; Gadzo, Mersiha. "Red Cross president says 'shocked by the intolerable level of human suffering'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
15. ^ Abdulrahim, Raja (7 October 2023). "Gaza Has Suffered Under 16-Year Blockade". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
16. ^ "Gaza: Krankenschwester aus den USA berichtet von »massiven Verbrennungen« bei Kindern" [Gaza: Nurse from the USA reports "massive burns" among children]. Der Spiegel (in German). 8 November 2023. ISSN 2195-1349. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
17. ^ Why an American nurse who got out of Gaza says she would go back. CNN (News). 8 November 2023. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
18. ^ a b Jobain, Najib; Kullab, Samya; Nessman, Ravi (19 October 2023). "Palestinians trapped in Gaza find nowhere is safe during Israel's relentless bombing". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
19. ^ Jobain, Najib; Debre, Isabel; Lee, Matthew (18 October 2023). "Gaza's doctors struggle to save hospital blast survivors as Middle East rage grows". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
20. ^ a b Siddiqui, Usaid; Mohamed, Hamza; Uras, Umut; Ibrahim, Arwa. "UN update on humanitarian needs after 'limited shipment'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
21. ^ Srivastava, Mehul; Khaled, Mai; Saleh, Heba (21 October 2023). "Small aid convoy reaches Gaza after Hamas releases two hostages". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
22. ^ Stepansky, Joseph; Najjar, Farah; Ibrahim, Arwa. "Buying bread a struggle for Gaza residents". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
23. ^ Reals, Tucker (8 November 2023). "Israel-Hamas war leaves thousands of Palestinians in Gaza facing "death by starvation," aid group warns". CBS News. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
24. ^ Siddiqui, Usaid; Pietromarchi, Virginia (11 November 2023). "'Heart-wrenching': UN food agency warns of starvation in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
25. ^ Vinall, Frances. "'Immediate possibility of starvation' in Gaza, World Food Program says". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
26. ^ Oshin, Olafimihan (26 November 2023). "Cindy McCain says Gaza 'on the brink of famine'". The Hill. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
27. ^ Berger, Miriam. "Aid is trickling in, but Gaza still grows hungrier". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
28. ^ Isaac, Lindsay (7 December 2023). "Gaza experiencing "alarming levels" of hunger, UN agency warns". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
29. ^ Balousha, Hazem. "Aid groups warn of starvation in Gaza after U.S. vetoes cease-fire call". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
30. ^ a b "Israel: Starvation Used as Weapon of War in Gaza". Human Rights Watch. 18 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024.
31. ^ Nolen, Stephanie (11 January 2024). "Looming Starvation in Gaza Shows Resurgence of Civilian Sieges in Warfare". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
32. ^ Stack, Liam; Gupta, Gaya; Abu Bakr, Bashir (January 2024). "Half of Gazans Are at Risk of Starving, U.N. Warns". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
33. ^ Chotiner, Isaac (3 January 2024). "Gaza Is Starving". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
34. ^ "Action Against Hunger calls for permanent ceasefire in Gaza". ReliefWeb. Action Against Hunger. 2 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
35. ^ Weiss, Mark. "Israel-Gaza war: Thousands take part in solidarity strike with hostages as fighting continues". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
36. ^ Guterres, António. "Secretary-General's statement to the press on the Middle East". United Nations. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
37. ^ "Statement by UNICEF on the risk of famine in the Gaza Strip". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
38. ^ "Summary of events in Gaza". Archived from the original on 9 April 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
39. ^ Sharon, Jeremy (31 May 2024). "Key Gaza famine report cited by UN, ICJ has systematic flaws, Israeli review finds". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024.
40. ^ "Experts: ICC and UN blamed Israel for a famine that never happened in Gaza - exclusive". The Jerusalem Post. 18 June 2024. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
41. ^ a b Hurwitz, Sophie (October 8, 2024). "Report: In One Year, More Than 100,000 Deaths in Gaza—Aided by $17.9 Billion From the US". Mother Jones. Retrieved October 17, 2024. "Brown University's Costs of War Project calculated "the money that's spent on war, and the toll on human lives" after a year of war in Gaza. The numbers are staggering."
42. ^ a b Stamatopoulou-Robbins, Sophia (7 October 2024). "The Human Toll: Indirect Deaths from War in Gaza and the West Bank, October 7, 2023 Forward" (PDF). Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, Brown University. Retrieved 17 October 2024. "In addition to killing people directly through traumatic injuries, wars cause "indirect deaths" by destroying, damaging, or causing deterioration of economic, social, psychological and health conditions. Most expansively, this report describes the causal pathways that can be expected to lead to far larger numbers of indirect deaths. These deaths result from diseases and other population-level health effects that stem from war's destruction of public infrastructure and livelihood sources, reduced access to water and sanitation, environmental damage, and other such factors. This report builds on a foundation of previous Costs of War research for its framework and methodology in covering the most significant chains of impact, or causal pathways, to indirect war deaths in Gaza and the West Bank. Unlike in combat, these deaths do not necessarily occur immediately or in the close aftermath of the battles which many observers focus on. While it will take years to assess the full extent of these population-level health effects, they will inevitably lead to far higher numbers of deaths than direct violence."
43. ^ a b "Appendix to letter of October 2, 2024 re: American physicians observations from the Gaza Strip since October 7, 2023" (PDF). gazahealthcareletters.org. Gaza Healthcare Letters. 2 October 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 January 2025. Retrieved 17 October 2024. "These are the most conservative estimates of the death toll that can be made with the given available data as of September 30, 2024. It is highly likely that the real number of deaths in Gaza from this conflict is far higher than this most conservative estimate. Without an immediate ceasefire the death toll will only continue to mount, especially among young children."
44. ^ "Gaza's limited water access, mapped". CNN. 18 October 2023. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
45. ^ a b McKernan, Bethan (17 October 2023). "Fears grow people are dehydrating to death in Gaza as clean water runs out". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
46. ^ a b "Palestinians rush to buy food and struggle under strikes as Israel readies possible ground operation". Associated Press. 12 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
47. ^ "Water a 'matter of life and death' for Gaza after Israeli siege, says UN". Al Jazeera. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
48. ^ "UNRWA Commissioner-General Philippe Lazzarini Remarks on the Situation in the Gaza Strip". UNRWA. 15 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
49. ^

* "Israel Gaza live news: Gaza being 'pushed into abyss', UN says, as Israel prepares ground offensive". BBC News. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
* Halpern, Sam. "Israel resumes its supply of water to Gaza". Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
* "Renewed water supply to south Gaza agreed with Joe Biden: Israeli minister". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.

50. ^ a b Khaled, Mai; Kerr, Simeon (16 October 2023). "Gaza water supplies dwindle as Israel lays siege to strip". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023. "Israel said on Sunday it had reopened some water lines into Gaza, but the supplies cannot be pumped without fuel, which is running out after Israel blocked supplies into the strip."
51. ^

* Alareer, Refaat [@itranslate123] (15 October 2023). "I am from Gaza and I am telling you this is a JOKE. Israel destroyed many water pipes. Also, without electricity we can NOT turn on the water pumps. Water in Gaza does not simply run into the taps. We have to fill water tanks about twice a week" (Tweet). Retrieved 15 October 2023 - via Twitter.
* "After the bombing, Gaza struggles to restart power, water, hospitals, markets and fishing for its 2.1m people". Oxfam. 25 May 2022. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2023. Oxfam Country Director in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Israel, Shane Stevenson stated in 2021, "Gaza is largely dependent upon fuel for its electricity, including to pump clean water from wells into homes".

52. ^ "Hamas says Gaza water still cut off; Israel says some provided in south". Reuters. 16 October 2023. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
53. ^ a b Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (16 October 2023). "In Gaza, people resort to drinking salty water, garbage piles up". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
54. ^ Hudson, John; Parker, Claire; Loveluck, Louisa; Farouk Mahfouz, Heba. "U.S. seeks Gaza aid, safe zones as Israeli invasion looms". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
55. ^ a b Wilson, Rachel; Oliver, Mark; Newman, Alex. "Gaza's limited water access, mapped". CNN. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
56. ^ a b c Reed, John; Zilber, Neri; Khaled, Mai; Politi, James. "Joe Biden warns Israel to avoid 9/11 'mistakes'". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
57. ^ Chao, Deng. "With Power Supplies Cut Off, Palestinians Rely on Solar Energy". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
58. ^ Sugden, Joanna. "People in Gaza Have Dwindling Options for Water". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
59. ^ Khaled, Mai; Saleh, Heba (22 October 2023). "Gaza's population struggles with inadequate water supplies". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
60. ^ Lederer, Edith (4 November 2023). "UN official says the average Gazan is living on two pieces of bread a day, and people need water". AP News. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
61. ^ Stepansky, Joseph (6 November 2023). "Water shortages raise concerns of dehydration and related diseases: UN". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
62. ^ "Despite Fuel Delivery, UN Warns Gaza Operations 'On Verge Of Collapse'". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
63. ^ "Gaza water supply is just 17 percent of pre-siege levels, despite new fuel announcement". Oxfam. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
64. ^ "Gaza: Aid reaches shattered north as UN chief hails 'glimpse of hope' in ceasefire extension". UN News. United Nations. 27 November 2023. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
65. ^ "Inside Gaza: "Staying alive is only a matter of luck"". Doctors Without Borders. Archived from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
66. ^ "'Barely a drop to drink': children in the Gaza Strip do not access 90 per cent of their normal water use". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 21 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
67. ^ Yousseff, Nancy A. (13 December 2023). "Israel Begins Pumping Seawater Into Hamas's Gaza Tunnels". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
68. ^ Muzaffar, Maroosha (13 December 2023). "Israel military begins pumping seawater into Hamas tunnels, report says". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 December 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
69. ^ Kubovich, Yaniv. "Israeli Army Admits to Flooding Hamas Tunnels in Gaza in Bid to Destroy Them". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
70. ^ Lawal, Shola (3 February 2024). "How Israel's flooding of Gaza's tunnels will impact freshwater supply". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
71. ^ "Lack of access to clean drinking water is a death sentence for the people of Gaza". ReliefWeb. 15 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024.
72. ^ Muzaffar, Maroosha (20 January 2024). "Biden says Israel not opposed to two-state solution for Palestinians". Yahoo! News. The Independent. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
73. ^ "2.2 million at risk of starvation in Gaza". The New Arab. 27 January 2024. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
74. ^ Martina, Maurizio. "Gaza: In a briefing to the UN Security Council, FAO calls for immediate cessation of hostilities and restoration of humanitarian space to eliminate the risk of famine". United Nations. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
75. ^ Zhang, Sharon (13 May 2024). "Oxfam Report: Conditions "Ripe" for Cholera, Hepatitis A Outbreak in Gaza". truthout. Archived from the original on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
76. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel Flash Update #170". OCHA. United Nations. 24 May 2024. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
77. ^ "UNICEF Says Deal Agreed With Israel To Boost Gaza Water Supply". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
78. ^ Rabinovitch, Ari. "Israel connects power line to Gaza plant to boost drinking water supply". Reuters. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
79. ^ Da Silva, Chantal (18 July 2024). "Clean water becomes an increasingly scarce resource in Gaza amid Israeli offensive". NBC News. Archived from the original on 8 August 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
80. ^ "Gaza's water crisis catastrophic amid ongoing war and severe shortages". Al Jazeera English. 18 August 2024. Retrieved 12 September 2024 - via YouTube.
81. ^ Stockwell, Billy; Haq, Sana Noor (23 August 2024). "Children are drinking from puddles and wading through sewage pools, as Israel pummels water systems in Gaza". CNN. Archived from the original on 20 December 2024. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
82. ^ "Risk of disease spread soars in #Gaza as health facilities, water and sanitation systems disrupted". X. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
83. ^ a b c d Marsi, Federica. "Gaza's next big threat: Cholera, infectious diseases amid Israeli blockade". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
84. ^ a b Stepansky, Joseph; Najjar, Farah; Ibrahim, Arwa (23 October 2023). "Overcrowding, poor sanitation breeding disease in Gaza: Doctors". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
85. ^ Yazbek, Hiba (24 October 2023). "Israel-Hamas War U.N. Secretary General Calls for Cease-Fire as Israel Intensifies Airstrikes". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
86. ^ Paddison, Laura; Marsh, Rene (24 October 2023). "Gazans forced to drink dirty, salty water as the fuel needed to run water systems runs out". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
87. ^ a b Alsaafin, Linah; Amra, Ashraf. "'Terrifying': Gaza kidney patients face dialysis crisis at packed hospitals". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
88. ^ Mousa, Aseel. "Displaced Palestinians in overcrowded UN schools face outbreak of disease". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
89. ^ Cullinan, Meril (27 October 2023). "Gaza: Water and Sanitation Crisis Grows". Action Against Hunger. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
90. ^ Stepansky, Joseph (6 November 2023). "Disabled in Gaza suffering disproportionate harm, aid groups warn". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
91. ^ Stepansky, Joseph (6 November 2023). "Diseases reported in crowded Gaza shelters". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
92. ^ Lodhi, Areesha. "How bad is Gaza's disease outbreak amid the Israel war?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
93. ^ Siddiqui, Usaid; Pietromarchi, Virginia (11 November 2023). "Accumulation of waste leading to insect infestation: UN". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
94. ^ Harouda, Ameera; Abi-Habib, Maria; Abu Bakr, Bashir (6 November 2023). "As Gaza Hospitals Collapse, Medical Workers Face the Hardest Choices". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
95. ^ "Sewage Is Flowing into the Streets because Pumps Don't Have Electricity". Calgary Herald. Associated Press. 13 November 2023. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
96. ^ "Risk of disease spread soars in Gaza as health facilities, water and sanitation systems disrupted". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
97. ^ "WHO voices concern over spread of disease in Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
98. ^ "Gaza Sanitation 'Perfect Storm For Tragedy': UN". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
99. ^ "More Palestinians at risk of death from disease than bombings: WHO's warning". The Hindustan Times. Reuters. 28 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
100. ^ England, Andrew (December 2023). "UN warns of humanitarian 'tsunami' as Israel-Hamas hostilities resume". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
101. ^ Pietromarchi, Virginia; Quillen, Stephen (3 December 2023). "Hepatitis A spreading in Gaza's UN school". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
102. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel Flash Update #57". UNOCHA. 2 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
103. ^ Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle (6 December 2023). "UN rights chief warns of heightened risk of 'atrocity crimes' in Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
104. ^ Harb, Hajar. "Diseases are spreading in refugee camps as displacement crisis grows". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
105. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel". ReliefWeb. UNOCHA. 13 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
106. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel". ReliefWeb. OCHA. 20 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
107. ^ "WHO Chief 'Very Concerned' By Gaza Infectious Disease Threat". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
108. ^ "Gaza flooding latest disaster to hit desperate Palestinians". UN News. United Nations. 14 December 2023. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
109. ^ Alsaafin, Linah; Osgood, Brian (6 January 2024). "Gaza's Jabalia refugee camp overrun with sewage water". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 7 January 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
110. ^ Osgood, Brian (19 January 2024). "Gaza City mayor: Fuel depletion poses challenge to providing services". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
111. ^ Yang, Maya; Sedghi, Amy; Abdul, Geneva; Fulton, Adam (21 January 2024). "WHO: three in four Palestinians in Gaza internally displaced". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
112. ^ a b c d Tobin, James (5 February 2024). "Humanitarian impact of the conflict". House of Commons Library. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
113. ^ Siddiqui, Usaid; Motamedi, Maziar (4 March 2024). "Gaza Health Ministry: We detected about one million cases of infectious diseases". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 March 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
114. ^ Adler, Nils; Najjar, Farah (15 April 2024). "Northern Gaza faces 'unprecedented levels' of contamination, media office says". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
115. ^ Motamedi, Maziar; Siddiqui, Usaid (5 May 2024). "UN sounds alarms on 'sanitation crisis' in war-stricken Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
116. ^ Shurafa, Wafaa. "Misery deepens in Gaza's Rafah as Israeli troops press operation". ABC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
117. ^ "Highly infectious poliovirus found in Gaza sewage samples". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 19 July 2024. Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
118. ^ "Gaza Health Ministry Declares Territory 'Polio Epidemic Area'". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. 30 July 2024. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
119. ^ "Bedwetting, nightmares and shaking. War in Gaza takes a mental health toll, especially on children". AP News. 18 July 2024. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
120. ^ "Children in Gaza 'developing severe trauma' after 16 days of bombing". The Guardian. 15 October 2023. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
121. ^ "'Massive stress' on Gaza children struggling to cope with attacks". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
122. ^ "WHO Director-General's remarks at the Informal Plenary Meeting of the United Nations General Assembly – 17 November 2023". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
123. ^ a b "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel Flash Update #88". ReliefWeb. UNOCHA. 10 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
124. ^ Browne, Grace (24 October 2023). "'The whole health system is collapsing around us.' Doctors say Gaza is on the brink". Wired. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
125. ^ "Gaza hospital generators to run out of fuel in 48 hours: Health Ministry". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
126. ^ a b "3 premature babies die at Al-Shifa Hospital: Doctor". ABC News. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
127. ^ a b Magdy, Samy; Shurafa, Wafaa; Kullab, Samya. "Dwindling fuel supplies for Gaza's hospital generators put premature babies in incubators at risk". ABC News. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
128. ^

* Romo, Vanessa (16 November 2023). "Doctors are among the many dead in Gaza. These are their stories". NPR. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
* Debre, Isabel (11 November 2023). "Hospitals have special protection under the rules of war. Why are they in the crosshairs in Gaza?". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
* Sabry, Muhammed (24 October 2023). "Gaza hospitals in 'total collapse,' says Health Ministry". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
* Picheta, Rob; Khadder, Kareem; Rebane, Teele; Zabadne, Zohair (10 November 2023). "Gaza hospital 'surrounded by tanks' as other healthcare facilities say they've been damaged by Israeli strikes". CNN. Archived from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
* Baker, Graeme (13 November 2023). "Israel Gaza: Hospitals caught on front line of war". BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
* Kekatos, Mary; Beaule, Victoria (10 November 2023). "Hospitals in Gaza say they are under attack and running out of fuel for ICU patients". ABC News. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
* Basu, Brishti (1 November 2023). "Dwindling supplies, damaged hospitals in Gaza prompt growing calls for aid, ceasefire". CBC. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2023.

129. ^ "Gaza war inflicts catastrophic damage on infrastructure and economy". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
130. ^ "Gaza medics say Israel targeting ambulances, health facilities". Al Jazeera. 12 October 2023. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
131. ^ "Healthcare system in Gaza has 'totally collapsed'". The Peninsula Qatar. 24 October 2023. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
132. ^ "Nearly 600 attacks on healthcare in Gaza and West Bank since war began: WHO". UN News. United Nations. 5 January 2024. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
133. ^ "WHO and partners bring fuel to Al-Shifa, as remaining hospitals in Gaza face growing threats". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
134. ^ Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle (26 January 2024). "Deadly attacks on Gaza, cold weather making it 'uninhabitable' - U.N." Reuters. Archived from the original on 23 June 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
135. ^ "With Nasser hospital out of commission, people in southern Gaza run out of healthcare options". Doctors Without Borders. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
136. ^ Chotiner, Isaac (30 January 2024). "A Pediatrician's Two Weeks Inside a Hospital in Gaza". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
137. ^ Burke, Jason (2 May 2024). "Rebuilding homes in Gaza will cost $40bn and take 16 years, UN finds". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
138. ^ Cormack, Lucy (12 October 2023). "The Gaza hospitals with just three days of generator power left". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023.
139. ^ "WHO unable to resupply Shifa and al-Quds hospitals, says official". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
140. ^ Andrew, Sadie (5 November 2023). "In Gaza, being a mother is a matter of life and death". CNN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
141. ^ "Al-Quds Hospital in Gaza runs out of fuel, shuts down key services". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
142. ^ Sullivan, Helen; Yang, Maya; Belam, Martin; Kearney, Christine (13 November 2023). "Kamal Adwan Hospital has run out of fuel – report". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
143. ^ "The Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) has said that the only power generator at Al-Amal hospital in southern Gaza has stopped working". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
144. ^ "Fuel and medical supplies running out at al-Aqsa hospital in central Gaza, Doctors Without Borders says". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
145. ^ Ahmad, Reged; Chao-Fong, Léonie; Luscombe, Richard; Hall, Rachel; Abdul, Geneva (8 December 2023). "Israel-Hamas war live: Gaza aid system at 'severe risk of collapse', says UN secretary-general". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024.
146. ^ Babas, Ana. "At 1 Gaza hospital, doctors are fleeing, supplies are low and there are not enough beds". NPR. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
147. ^ ""We're on the fourth floor, there's a sniper who attacked four patients inside the hospital. One of them has a gunshot wound directly in his neck, and he is a quadriplegic [patient], and the other one [was shot] in the abdomen."". X. Doctors Without Borders / Médecins Sans Frontières. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
148. ^ "Anglican-run al-Ahli Arab Hospital in Gaza damaged by Israeli rocket fire as war continues". Anglican Communion News Service. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
149. ^ Sforza, Lauren (16 October 2023). "WHO: Medical aid for Gaza holding at Rafah crossing". The Hill. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
150. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (17 October 2023). "Hundreds killed at Gaza hospital amid conflicting claims". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
151. ^ "Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital in Gaza severely damaged from Israeli airstrikes". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
152. ^ "Eight Gaza hospitals bombed in three days". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
153. ^ Qarjouli, Asmahan (9 November 2023). "Qatar's FM demands 'immediate' Gaza ceasefire as UN lashes out over civilian death toll". Doha News. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
154. ^ "Which of Gaza's hospitals is Israel threatening?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
155. ^ Engel Rasmussen, Sune. "Gaza Children's Hospital Evacuates as Israeli Forces Advance". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
156. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (10 November 2023). "Palestinian officials say Israeli air strikes hit Gaza hospitals and school". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
157. ^ "Several dead as multiple Gaza hospitals come under fire from Israeli airstrikes". CBC. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
158. ^ "Israel strikes Gaza's biggest hospital complex, health officials say". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
159. ^ "One person killed, many children wounded after Israeli snipers target al-Quds hospital, according to Palestinian Red Crescent". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
160. ^ "'Artillery shelling, intense shooting' at al-Quds Hospital, PRCS says". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
161. ^ "PRCS warns babies at al-Quds Hospital face dehydration". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
162. ^ "Heavy Fighting Erupts Around Northern Gaza Hospital Amid Israel Hamas Conflict". VOA News. 20 November 2023. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
163. ^ Yazbek, Hiba (20 November 2023). "'Chaos, darkness and fire': Fighting erupts around another embattled Gazan hospital". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
164. ^ "Israeli tanks besiege Gaza's Indonesian Hospital". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
165. ^ Mahfouz, Heba. "Another Gaza hospital caught in fighting, as storms deepen civilian misery". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
166. ^ "'Everything is a target in the Indonesian Hospital'". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
167. ^ "12 killed as Israel bombs Indonesian Hospital in northern Gaza". Middle East Monitor. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
168. ^ Livingstone, Helen (21 November 2023). "What is Gaza's Indonesian hospital and why is Israel targeting it?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
169. ^ "200 Patients Evacuated From Gaza's Indonesian Hospital: Hamas-run Ministry". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
170. ^ "WHO official says Gaza hospital situation 'catastrophic'". ABC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
171. ^ "Four doctors killed in Israeli bombing of al-Awda Hospital". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
172. ^ Sabbagh, Dan (22 November 2023). "Over 100 Palestinians reported killed in Gaza as attack continues despite ceasefire deal". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
173. ^ "Israeli forces shot at medical teams during truce: Ministry". The Peninsula Qatar. 25 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
174. ^ "Situation in Gaza European Hospital catastrophic". Jordan News. 9 December 2023. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
175. ^ Cotovio, Vasco (11 December 2023). "Surgeon injured after being shot inside northern Gaza hospital, medical group says". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
176. ^ Aggarwal, Mithil (18 January 2024). "In Gaza's collapsing health system, deaths are slow, painful and often preventable". NBC News. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
177. ^ Arraf, Jane. "Jordan accuses Israel of deliberately targeting its Gaza field hospital". NPR. Archived from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
178. ^ Chao-Fong, Léonie; Sedghi, Amy; Belam, Martin; Ahmad, Reged (24 January 2024). "Israel continues to target health institutions in Gaza, says WHO regional director". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
179. ^ "Vicinity of Al-Shifa hospital under attack, Interior Ministry says". Al Jazeera. 10 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
180. ^ Browne, Malachy (14 November 2023). "Evidence Points to Israeli Shells in Strikes on Gaza's Largest Hospital". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
181. ^

* Burke, Jason (11 November 2023). "Israeli troops in key battle with Hamas gunmen near Gaza City hospital". The Observer. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
* "Reports say people fleeing Al-Shifa Hospital shot and killed: WHO". Al Jazeera. 12 November 2023. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
* Michaelson, Ruth (13 November 2023). "'In the circle of death': Gaza doctors say patients are under siege in al-Shifa". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
* "Israeli army shoots at people trying to flee hospital: Aid group". Al Jazeera. 11 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
* "Fighting intensifies around al-Shifa Hospital". Al Jazeera. 11 November 2023. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.

182. ^ "Situation in al-Shifa Hospital catastrophic, dangerous: Health ministry spokesman". Al Jazeera. 11 November 2023. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
183. ^ "2 premature babies die at Gaza hospital: Israeli NGO". Al Jazeera. 11 November 2023. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
184. ^ a b Rosenzweig-Ziff, Dan. "Medical workers trapped at main Gaza City hospital; IDF offers to move babies". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
185. ^ a b "No way to evacuate babies to a safer hospital: Health Ministry". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
186. ^ "650 patients in danger at al-Shifa Hospital: Director general". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
187. ^ "Health official says Israel attack destroyed al-Shifa Hospital cardiac ward". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
188. ^ "Gaza: A call from Al-Shifa". Doctors Without Borders. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
189. ^ a b Boxerman, Aaron (14 November 2023). "Babies are among the thousands inside Al-Shifa as Israeli troops close in". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
190. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal. "Israel raids Gaza's Al Shifa Hospital, urges Hamas to surrender". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
191. ^ "Israeli army detaining 200 Palestinians in al-Shifa". The Business Standard. 15 November 2023. Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
192. ^ "'Terror' amid Israel's raid on Gaza's al-Shifa Hospital". Al Jazeera. 15 November 202. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
193. ^ Rigby, Jennifer; Jain, Pratik. "WHO says Israeli raid on Gaza hospital is totally unacceptable". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
194. ^ England, Andrew. "Israeli military raids Gaza's largest hospital in climax of siege". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
195. ^ Suliman, Adela; Parker, Claire. "Medical charities warn of 'desperate' situation at al-Shifa hospital". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
196. ^ "Patients, staff and displaced people leave Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza". CBS News. 18 November 2023. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
197. ^ "Wounded Palestinians forced to flee al-Shifa 'are going to die'". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
198. ^ Khaled, Mai; Saleh, Heba; Shotter, James (18 November 2023). "Hundreds of patients flee Gaza's al-Shifa hospital". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
199. ^ Karadsheh, Jomana; Xu, Xiaofei (18 November 2023). "Six doctors will stay on at Al-Shifa hospital with 120 patients too vulnerable to evacuate". CNN. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
200. ^ "Humanitarian team describes Gaza's Al Shifa Hospital as 'death zone', WHO says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
201. ^ Dan, Rosenzweig-Ziff (18 November 2023). "IDF still at al-Shifa Hospital, as WHO head calls situation 'unbearable'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
202. ^ "Gaza hospital's director rejects Israeli statement on evacuation". Al Jazeera. 19 November 2023. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
203. ^ "Humanitarian team describes Gaza's Al Shifa Hospital as 'death zone', WHO says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
204. ^ a b Jobain, Najib; Magdy, Samy (19 November 2023). "31 'very sick' babies have been evacuated from Gaza's largest hospital, where trauma patients remain". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
205. ^ Diaz, Jaclyn. "31 premature babies are evacuated from Al-Shifa Hospital to southern Gaza". NPR. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
206. ^ Balousha, Hazem; Taylor, Adam. "Gaza Health Ministry says shortages led to 51 deaths at al-Shifa". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
207. ^ a b "Israel's claims of providing incubators 'false', says al-Shifa director". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
208. ^ Sylvers, Eric (21 November 2023). "Ambulances Arrive at Al-Shifa Hospital to Evacuate Patients and Wounded". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
209. ^ "Dire conditions at al-Shifa Hospital revealed during Gaza pause". Longview News-Journal. 26 November 2023. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
210. ^ "Young Palestinians launch clean-up initiative at Al-Shifa medical complex". Arab News. 27 November 2023. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
211. ^ "Gaza: Al-Shifa Hospital reopens dialysis department". Middle East Monitor. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
212. ^ "Hamas says dialysis unit at Shifa Hospital reopened and is receiving patients". Times of Israel. 28 November 2023. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
213. ^ "Al-Shifa has no electricity, first aid only". The New Arab. 7 December 2023. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
214. ^ Mohamed, Edna; Najjar, Farah; Jamal, Urooba (4 December 2023). "At least four killed in strike in the vicinity of Kamal Adwan Hospital". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
215. ^ "'IDF Shooting At Anything That Moves…': Gaza Official's Massacre At Kamal Adwan Hospital Warning". Hindustan Times. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
216. ^ "'No one can leave': Northern Gaza hospital surrounded by Israeli tanks". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
217. ^ "'Humanitarian disaster zone': Gaza hospital capacity decimated – WHO". UN News. United Nations. 12 December 2023. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
218. ^ a b Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle. "WHO calls for Gaza hospital to be protected after reported raid". Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
219. ^ "Israeli forces raid Gaza's Kamal Adwan Hospital after days of strikes". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
220. ^ Abu Riash, Abdelhakim. "Photos: Terrified people flee Israeli attacks at Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
221. ^ Goillandeau, Martin (9 January 2024). "British surgeon says Gaza 'beyond worst thing' he's seen, as Jordan's king warns Israel creating a 'generation of orphans'". CNN. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
222. ^ "2 medical groups say they are pulling teams from central Gaza hospital due to IDF operations". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
223. ^ a b Davies, Alys (10 January 2024). "'Deep concern' for patients and staff at Gaza's al-Aqsa hospital". BBC News. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
224. ^ Farge, Emma. "Medics, patients flee Gaza's remaining hospitals as fighting intensifies - WHO". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 April 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
225. ^ "Desperately trying to save children at one of Gaza's last functioning hospitals". The Independent. 11 January 2024. Archived from the original on 12 February 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
226. ^ "'It's the Stuff of Nightmares' Scenes from Inside a Gaza Hospital". NPR. 10 January 2024. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
227. ^ Martuscelli, Carlo (8 January 2024). "Only 5 doctors remain in one of Gaza's last hospitals, warns WHO". Politico. Archived from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
228. ^ Parker, Claire (8 January 2024). "Displaced residents flee last hospital in central Gaza as fighting nears". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
229. ^ "Blackout in Gaza's Al-Aqsa Hospital as fuel runs out, babies at high risk". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
230. ^ Motamedi, Maziar; Siddiqui, Usaid (24 May 2024). "'Patients condemned to death' as power cut at packed Al-Aqsa Hospital". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
231. ^ Abdulrahim, Raja (15 October 2023). "Gaza's Hospitals Face 'Impossible' Choices With Israel Evacuation Order". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
232. ^ Jobain, Najib; Kullab, Samya (15 October 2023). "UN shelters in besieged Gaza run out of water as Israeli ground offensive looms". PBS NewsHour. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
233. ^ "Wounded in northern Gaza risk dying 'in hours': MSF". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
234. ^ PalestineRCS [@PalestineRCS] (20 October 2023). "Urgent Appeal🚨 PRCS faces an imminent threat. The IOF demands the evacuation of Al-Quds Hospital, a sanctuary for over 400 patients and around 12,000 displaced civilians. We call the international community to act urgently, averting another catastrophe like Al-Ahli Hospital" (Tweet). Retrieved 20 October 2023 - via Twitter.
235. ^ Ratcliffe, Rebecca (29 October 2023). "Israel-Hamas war live: Palestinian Red Crescent says Israel has ordered immediate evacuation of Gaza's al-Quds hospital". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
236. ^ ElSayed, Youmna (29 October 2023). "Windows of Al-Quds Hospital shattered, smoke everywhere". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
237. ^ "Patients forcibly evicted from hospitals facing 'inevitable death': Minister". Al Jazeera. 12 November 2023. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
238. ^ Berger, Miriam. "Communications could go out this week, Palestinian official says; health care on the brink". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
239. ^ Yazbek, Hiba (13 November 2023). "Fighting disrupts an evacuation effort at Al-Quds Hospital". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
240. ^ Farge, Emma. "WHO: planning under way to evacuate three Gaza hospitals". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
241. ^ "Four dead in hospital transfer to Khan Younis, says doctor". Al Jazeera. 23 November 2023. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
242. ^ "A spokesperson for the International Committee of the Red Cross has told Al Jazeera that its staff were fired upon while trying to deliver humanitarian support in northern Gaza". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
243. ^ "Al-Shifa Hospital director reportedly arrested by IDF while evacuating. Here's the latest". CNN. 23 November 2023. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
244. ^ Bicer, Aysu; Arslan, Muhammet Ikbal. "WHO may have unwittingly, knowingly facilitated Israel's kidnapping of medical staff from Al-Shifa hospital in Gaza: Rights group". The Muslim News. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
245. ^ "Gaza health official says Israel has ordered staff at Indonesian Hospital in north to evacuate". Times of Israel. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
246. ^ "Al Jazeera is reporting that the Indonesia hospital in Gaza has been evacuated". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
247. ^ Farge, Emma. "UN agencies hope truce will allow aid to flow to northern Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
248. ^ "UN agencies hope truce will allow aid into northern Gaza". Al Jazeera. 24 November 2023. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
249. ^ Muro, Adam; Najjar, Farah (30 November 2023). "Hundreds of wounded need to be evacuated from Gaza: Health Ministry". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
250. ^ Berger, Miriam. "The Rafah crossing between Gaza and Egypt "is only open today for the sick and wounded to leave"". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
251. ^ "Two months of death, destruction, and displacement in Gaza". The Peninsula Qatar. 7 December 2023. Archived from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
252. ^ @MSF_USA (December 10, 2023). "10 days since MSF was forced to stop its support to Martyrs and Beni Shueila clinics after Israeli forces ordered people to evacuate the areas, we are seeing complete collapse of health care services in the area, along with the rest of the healthcare system in the Strip" (Tweet) - via Twitter.
253. ^ Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Tedros. "The reports of ongoing hostilities and heavy bombardment in #Gaza are petrifying. Yesterday our team visited Nassar Medical Hospital in the south. It was packed with 1,000 patients — 3 times over its capacity. Countless people were seeking shelter, filling every corner of the facility. Patients were receiving care on the floor, screaming in pain. These conditions are beyond inadequate - unimaginable for the provision of health care. I cannot find words strong enough to express our concern over what we're witnessing. Ceasefire. NOW". X. Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
254. ^ Browne, Grace. "'The Whole Health System Is Collapsing Around Us.' Doctors Say Gaza Is on the Brink". Wired. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
255. ^ a b Medical Aid for Palestinians [@MedicalAidPal] (21 October 2023). "🚨 Urgent Update: Doctors in #Gaza have issued an urgent warning that the lives of 130 premature babies are in imminent danger if fuel does not reach hospitals soon" (Tweet). Retrieved 22 October 2023 - via Twitter.
256. ^ a b "Let's recap what has happened so far". Al Jazeera. 21 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
257. ^ "Gaza's health ministry warns of 'catastrophic consequences' as hospitals run out of fuel supply". Al Jazeera. 23 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
258. ^ "Two-thirds of Gaza's health facilities not functioning: WHO". Al Jazeera. 23 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
259. ^ a b Stepansky, Joseph; Najjar, Farah (8 November 2023). "Italy to send hospital ship to Gaza coast". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
260. ^ a b c d e f g "L'Italia ha inviato una nave militare con strutture sanitarie verso la Striscia di Gaza" [Italy has sent a military ship with medical facilities to the Gaza Strip]. Il Post (in Italian). 8 November 2023. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
261. ^ a b c d e "La nave Vulcano non ha mai raggiunto la Striscia di Gaza" [The Vulcano ship never reached the Gaza Strip]. Il Post (in Italian). 21 December 2023. Archived from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
262. ^ a b "La nave Vulcano con i bimbi palestinesi feriti a Gaza è arrivata a La Spezia. I piccoli pazienti trasferiti al Gaslini, in altri ospedali e ospiti della Curia di Genova. Tajani: "Vittime innocenti di una guerra che non vogliono"" [The Vulcano ship with the Palestinian children injured in Gaza has arrived in La Spezia. The young patients transferred to Gaslini, to other hospitals and guests of the Curia of Genoa. Tajani: "Innocent victims of a war they don't want"]. la Repubblica (in Italian). 5 February 2024. Archived from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
263. ^ a b c "La nave Vulcano della Marina italiana è arrivata a La Spezia con a bordo 14 bambini palestinesi feriti e i loro accompagnatori" [The Vulcano ship of the Italian Navy arrived in La Spezia with 14 injured Palestinian children and their companions on board]. Il Post (in Italian). 5 February 2024. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
264. ^ "Turkey prepared to take in children from Gaza with cancer". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
265. ^ "Red Cross: Gaza health system has 'reached a point of no return'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
266. ^ "Jordan says Israel ordered evacuation of its field hospital in Gaza". Ynetnews. Reuters. 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
267. ^ "Italy, UAE consider setting up field hospital in Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
268. ^ "What is the humanitarian situation in besieged Gaza?". Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
269. ^ Siddiqui, Usaid; Pietromarchi, Virginia (2 December 2023). "Palestine Red Crescent receives ambulances from Saudi Arabia". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
270. ^ Pietromarchi, Virginia; Quillen, Stephen (3 December 2023). "'It seems like a death zone right now'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
271. ^ Kennedy, Niahm (7 December 2023). "WHO delivers supplies to 2 hospitals in southern Gaza for first time since November 29, director says". CNN. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
272. ^ Farge, Emma. "Gaza's 'catastrophic' health situation almost impossible to improve, says WHO". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
273. ^ Daniels, Ari (10 December 2023). "WHO resolution on the Israel-Hamas conflict hopes for 'health as a bridge to peace'". NPR. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
274. ^ Farge, Emma (12 December 2023). "WHO official pleas for Gaza's southern hospitals to be spared". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
275. ^ "Operating conditions in Gaza hospitals like World War I: MSF". news.com.au. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
276. ^ "Ambulances Unable to Reach the Wounded in Gaza Due to Communication Blackout: WHO". The Wire. 28 October 2023. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
277. ^ "Ambulances distributed throughout Gaza due to comms blackout". Al Jazeera. 28 October 2023. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
278. ^ Gadzo, Mersiha; Pietromarchi, Virginia; Shankar, Priyanka; Rowlands, Lyndal; Power, John (12 November 2023). "Al-Ahli hospital has run out of blood: Surgeon". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
279. ^ Khoury, Jack. "Without Equipment, Staff, or Electricity: Hospitals in Southern Gaza Strip Overwhelmed by Scale of Wounded and Ill". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
280. ^ Guterres, Antonio. "Secretary-General's remarks to the Security Council - on the situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian Question". United Nations. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
281. ^ "Gaza: Hospitals in the south overflowing with hundreds of injured". Doctors Without Borders. Archived from the original on 21 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
282. ^ Berger, Miriam. "Gaza's health system is 'on its knees' as Israel pushes into Khan Younis". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
283. ^ "Al-Quds Hospital out of service: PRCS". Al Jazeera. 12 November 2023. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
284. ^ Burke, Jason (13 November 2023). "Two major Gaza hospitals close to new patients as heavy fighting rages". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
285. ^ Choukeir, Jana. "Gaza hospital shut down, 45 patients left needing surgery - director". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
286. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel". UNOCHA. 25 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
287. ^ "WHO chief: Health needs have increased 'dramatically' in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
288. ^ Schlein, Lisa (9 January 2024). "Health Catastrophe Unfolding in Gaza as Humanitarian Space Shrinks". VOA. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
289. ^ Lederer, Edith. "UN: Palestinians are dying in hospitals as estimated 60,000 wounded overwhelm remaining doctors". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
290. ^ Balousha, Hazem. "Evacuation order sets off chaotic scramble as Gazans run for their lives". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
291. ^ Mahmoud, Hani. "Israeli 'carpet bombing' continues from north to south". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
292. ^ "Damning evidence of war crimes as Israeli attacks wipe out entire families in Gaza". Amnesty International. 20 October 2023. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
293. ^ "More than 1,000 people missing under rubble in Gaza – Palestinian civil defense". The Jerusalem Post. 15 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
294. ^ "Israeli air strike destroys UNRWA warehouse". Jordan News. 16 October 2023. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
295. ^ "Israel allegedly strikes humanitarian aid warehouse". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
296. ^ Gaza paramedic's outcry over bombing of civil defence headquarters. Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023 - via YouTube.
297. ^ Jobain, Najib; Kullab, Samya; Nessman, Ravi (17 October 2023). "Israel bombs Gaza region where civilians were told to seek refuge, as mediators try to unlock aid". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
298. ^ "At least 6 people killed in Israeli air strike on UNRWA school in Gaza". Reuters. 17 October 2023. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
299. ^ "Gaza: UNRWA School Sheltering Displaced Families is Hit". United Nations. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
300. ^ Al Jazeera [@AJArabicnet] (19 October 2023). قصف إسرائيلي جديد بمحيط مدرسة أحمد عبد العزيز غرب مدينة خان يونس، أوقع شـ ـهداء وجرحى [A new Israeli bombardment in the vicinity of Ahmed Abdel Aziz School, west of the city of Khan Yunis, leaving martyrs and wounded.] (Tweet) (in Arabic). Retrieved 19 October 2023 - via Twitter.
301. ^ "3,478 killed, 12,065 wounded". The Jerusalem Post. 18 October 2023. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
302. ^ AbdulKarim, Fatima; Deng, Chao. "Blast Goes Off at Orthodox Church Campus in Gaza". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
303. ^ Jobain, Najib; Kullab, Samya; Nessman, Ravi (19 October 2023). "Gaza awaits aid from Egypt as Israel readies troops for ground assault". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
304. ^ Jobain, Najib; Kullab, Samya; Krauss, Joseph (20 October 2023). "Airstrikes hit Gaza as Israel says it doesn't plan to control life there after destroying Hamas". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
305. ^ Jobain, Najib; Kullab, Samya; Krauss, Joseph (20 October 2023). "Israel says two Americans held hostage by Hamas, a mother and daughter, have been released". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
306. ^ Abu Azzoum, Tareq (20 October 2023). "'Really terrifying': Israeli bombardment of Gaza intensifies". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
307. ^ "Gaza Air Strikes to Intensify Before 'Next Stage'". Bloomberg. 21 October 2023. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
308. ^ "Israeli airstrikes target surroundings of Al Shifa and Al Quds hospitals in Gaza – WAFA". Reuters. 23 October 2023. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
309. ^ Abu Azzoum, Tareq. "Bloodiest night in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
310. ^ Regencia, Ted; Rowlands, Lyndal. "Hundreds killed in Israeli strikes on Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
311. ^ Salman, Abeer (23 October 2023). "436 people killed in Israel's overnight strikes on Gaza, Palestinian Health Ministry says". CNN. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
312. ^ Regan, Helen; Murphy, Paul P.; El Damanhoury, Kareem; Picheta, Rob (26 October 2023). "Israel conducts raid in Gaza as Netanyahu says ground incursion will come". CNN. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
313. ^ Stepansky, Joseph; Najjar, Farah (27 October 2023). "UN health agency cites reports of 1,000 unidentified bodies under Gaza rubble". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
314. ^ Abu Azzoum, Tareq (28 October 2023). "Israel intensifying attacks in Jabalia refugee camp". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
315. ^ Basu, Brishti (29 October 2023). "Gaza hospital braces for bombs after communications blackout and health-care 'nightmare'". CBC. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
316. ^ Magid, Jacob. "'There's no explanation for such an attack': Ankara says IDF bombed Turkish-funded hospital in Gaza". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
317. ^ Stepansky, Joseph; Najjar, Farah (31 October 2023). "Chaotic scenes at Jabalia camp". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
318. ^ Najjar, Farah; Stepansky, Joseph (3 November 2023). "1,200 children still buried under debris: Ministry". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
319. ^ Najjar, Farah; Stepansky, Joseph (3 November 2023). "Israel needs to prove its claim that 'civilian objects' used by Hamas: Professor". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
320. ^ "'Burden of proof is on the Israelis': AJ analyst". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
321. ^ Hua, Xia (4 November 2023). "Dozens killed, injured in Israeli raid on Gaza school: health ministry". Xinhua. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
322. ^ Najjar, Farah; Stepansky, Joseph (3 November 2023). "'They've been destroyed and left in pieces': Displaced sleeping in school when Israel attacked". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
323. ^ Gadzo, Mersiha; Pietromarchi, Virginia (4 November 2023). "Mostly women and children killed in Israeli school attack: Health ministry". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
324. ^ Gadzo, Mersiha; Pietromarchi, Virginia (4 November 2023). "Israeli forces targeting solar panels, only source of electricity in Gaza: Journalist". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
325. ^ "Israel flattens Al Azhar University in Gaza". Jordan News. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
326. ^ Najjar, Farah; Stepansky, Joseph (7 November 2023). "Israeli attacks on Gaza hospitals continue, killing at least 8". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
327. ^ "People Sift Through Rubble After Strike on Mosque in Khan Yunis". Yahoo! News. 8 November 2023. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
328. ^ Mahmoud, Hani (12 November 2023). "Thirteen killed in attack on residential building in Khan Younis". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
329. ^ Abu Azzoum, Tareq. "Responders cannot reach people under rubble in Jabalia refugee camp". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
330. ^

* Green, Mark A. (7 November 2023). "Hamas and the Gazan Tunnels". Wilson Center. Wilson Center. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
* "Israeli military says Hamas hiding tunnels, operations centres in Gaza hospital". Reuters. 27 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
* Leonhardt, David; Jackson, Lauren (30 October 2023). "Gaza's Vital Tunnels". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
* Ledwidge, Frank (8 November 2023). "Decoding the underground: Israel's tactical war on Hamas tunnels". DW News (Interview). Interviewed by Terry Martin. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
* "Fighting Hamas inside Gaza's tunnels is like 'war in a phone booth'". PBS News Hour. 2 November 2023. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
* Roskin, Joel (30 October 2023). "Geologist shares analysis of Hamas's use of underground tunnels with NHK" (Interview). Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
* Cormack, Lucy (14 October 2023). "Booby traps, mines: Hamas' tunnel network under Gaza helps in a war". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
* Weiss, Debbie (7 November 2023). "'Fauda' Creator: 'We Cannot Even Imagine' Extent of Gaza Terror Tunnels, Hamas Wanted IDF to Enter Enclave". The Algemeiner. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
* Nuki, Paul (7 November 2023). "Hamas terrorists' last stand at Gaza hospital". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
* Cooper, Helene; Schmitt, Eric; Goldman, Adam (9 November 2023). "Israeli Forces Have Limited Time in Gaza, U.S. Officials Say". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
* לינדר, רוני (9 November 2023). "מלכודת שיפא: האתגר הכי גדול של ישראל במלחמה" [The Shifa trap: Israel's biggest challenge in the war]. Haaretz (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
* Tapper, Jake (13 November 2023). "Hamas has command center under Al-Shifa hospital, US official says". CNN. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
* "EU nations condemn Hamas for what they describe as use of hospitals, civilians as 'human shields'". AP News. 13 November 2023. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.

331. ^ Beaumont, Peter (30 October 2023). "What is a human shield and how has Hamas been accused of using them?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
332. ^ Sanz, Juan Carlos; Stacey, Diego (19 October 2023). "The 'Gaza metro,' Hamas' secret weapon against an Israeli invasion". El País. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
333. ^

* "Israeli hospital attacks 'should be investigated as war crimes': HRW". The Business Standard. 14 November 2023. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
* Iordache, Ruxandra. "Human Rights Watch calls for investigation into Israeli hostilities against Gaza Strip hospitals". NBC News. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
* Stepansky, Joseph; Najjar, Farah (8 November 2023). "Israeli military says destroyed tunnel shaft near UNRWA school". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
* "Palestine Red Crescent refutes Israeli claim of fighter at al-Quds hospital". New Indian Express. 14 November 2023. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.

334. ^

* Stepansky, Joseph (6 November 2023). "Qatar rejects Israeli claims of tunnel network under Gaza hospital". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
* "Gaza City: Babies dying in hospital amid scenes of devastation". United Nations. 13 November 2023. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
* Rosenberg, Mattew (12 November 2023). "Israeli Forces Near a Struggling Hospital They Say Covers a Hamas Complex". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
* "No evidence Gaza hospitals being used a 'military command centre': Norwegian doctor". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.

335. ^ Stepansky, Joseph; Najjar, Farah (27 October 2023). "More from the former UN special rapporteur". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
336. ^ Balousha, Hazem; Berger, Miriam. "Gaza's last flour mill out of service after strike, bakery official says". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
337. ^ "Casualties mount in attack on Gaza school". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
338. ^ "Gaza Hospital Director Says 26 Dead In Strike On Khan Yunis Building". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
339. ^ "Hamas Health Ministry Says More Than 80 Dead In Strikes On Refugee Camp". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
340. ^ Rahimi, Rosa; Haq, Sana Noor (17 November 2023). "'Where will I leave these children, on the street?' The struggle for survival faced by disabled Palestinians in Gaza". CNN. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
341. ^ Sherlock, Ruth; Wood, Daniel; Bashir, Abu Bakr. "Israel told Palestinians to evacuate to southern Gaza — and stepped up attacks there". NPR. Archived from the original on 10 July 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
342. ^ Bronner, Ethan; Tamo, Omar (24 November 2023). "Hamas Frees 24 Hostages From Gaza as Israel Truce Holds". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
343. ^ "Hamas senior official invites Elon Musk to visit Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
344. ^ "Gaza war resumes after truce expires. Here's what you need to know". CNN. December 2023. Archived from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
345. ^ Kingsley, Patrick (2 December 2023). "Israel Orders Evacuations Amid 'Intense' Attacks on Southern Gaza". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
346. ^ "Rescuers unable to reach all Palestinians trapped under debris". The Australian. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
347. ^ Sabbagh, Dan. "Israel says its ground forces are operating across 'all of Gaza'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
348. ^ "14-year-old girl trapped under rubble for four days brought to Gaza hospital". Gulf Today. 6 December 2023. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
349. ^ Rathbone, John Paul. "Military briefing: the Israeli bombs raining on Gaza". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
350. ^ Masoud, Bassam. "Hundreds more Palestinians killed in Israel's assault on Hamas in south Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
351. ^ "Flash Update #64". ReliefWeb. UNOCHA. 10 December 2023. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
352. ^ "UNRWA chief condemns 'blown up' school in northern Gaza". The New Arab. Archived from the original on 25 March 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
353. ^ Bertrand, Natasha. "Nearly half of the Israeli munitions dropped on Gaza are imprecise 'dumb bombs,' US intelligence assessment finds". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
354. ^ van der Merwe, Ben; Simon, Michelle Inez; Enokido-Lineham, Olive. "Israel said Gazans could flee to this neighbourhood - then it was hit". Sky News. Archived from the original on 21 January 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
355. ^ Frankel, Julia (21 December 2023). "Israel's military campaign in Gaza seen as among the most destructive in recent history, experts say". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
356. ^ Maslin, Jared; Shah, Saeed. "The Ruined Landscape of Gaza After Nearly Three Months of Bombing". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
357. ^ Snell, Joe; Balousha, Hazem. "Torrential rains in Gaza bring flooding and disease to displaced population". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
358. ^ "Continuing attacks in central Gaza creating hell on Earth". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
359. ^ Mhawish, Mohammed R. "'He's breathing': My two hours under Gaza's rubble after an Israeli strike". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
360. ^ "ASG Brands Kehris briefs Security Council on situation in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory". United Nations. OHCHR. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
361. ^ "Over 50% of Gaza buildings damaged or destroyed in Israel's bombardment". Axios. 5 January 2024. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024.
362. ^ "The numbers that reveal the extent of the destruction in Gaza". The Guardian. 8 January 2024. Archived from the original on 12 March 2024.
363. ^ Gritten, David. "Dozens reported killed as battle rages in Gaza's Khan Younis". BBC News. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
364. ^ Palumbo, Daniele. "At least half of Gaza's buildings damaged or destroyed, new analysis shows". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
365. ^ Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle. "Satellite images show 30% of Gaza destroyed, UN centre says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
366. ^ Abraham, Leanne; Erden, Bora; Ibrahim, Nader; Shao, Elena; Willis, Haley (February 2024). "Israel's Controlled Demolitions Are Razing Neighborhoods in Gaza". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
367. ^ Mahmoud, Hani. "Almost 30 killed in Deir el-Balah as injured flood Al-Aqsa Hospital". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
368. ^ Picheta, Rob. "More than a million Palestinians are trapped in Rafah. As Israeli troops approach, there's nowhere left to run". CNN. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
369. ^ Joabin, Najib; Shurafa, Wafaa; Chehayeb, Kareem (6 November 2023). "Gaza has lost telecom contact again, while Israel's military says it has surrounded Gaza City". AP News. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
370. ^ Yaghi, Mai; Deshmukh, Jay. "One Million Gazans Displaced As Israel Readies For Ground Attack". Barron's. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
371. ^ "UNRWA Commissioner-General Philippe Lazzarini Remarks On The Situation In The Gaza Strip". UNRWA. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
372. ^ UNRWA [@UNRWA] (18 October 2023). "🔺Heavy Israeli Forces' bombardments from air, sea & land have continued. 🔺Israeli Air Forces continued to strike southern areas despite the directive for people in #Gaza to move south.🔺Water remains a key issue – people will start dying without water" (Tweet). Retrieved 19 October 2023 - via Twitter.
373. ^ Al Jazeera English [@AJEnglish] (18 October 2023). "'If we're going to die, we're going to die with dignity in our homes.' Al Jazeera's @YoumnaElSayed17 filmed her family's journey back to their home in Gaza City, after heeding Israel's earlier warning for Palestinians to leave northern Gaza ⤵️" (Tweet). Retrieved 19 October 2023 - via Twitter.
374. ^ "Gaza grapples with devastation, shortages as volunteers struggle to deliver aid". EFE. 19 October 2023. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
375. ^ "UNRWA chief underscores duty to protect civilians at all times". UN News. 21 October 2023. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
376. ^ "Gaza incursion will 'continue and intensify,' IDF says". NBC News. 31 October 2023. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
377. ^ "'Worse than horror': Gazans flee war with nowhere to go". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
378. ^ Hasan, Jennifer. "Trickle of aid to Gaza not enough, U.N. says, as IDF plans more airstrikes". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
379. ^ Mohamed, Yusri (23 October 2023). "Third aid convoy enters Gaza, UN warns fuel about to run out". Reuters. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
380. ^ Najjar, Farah (30 October 2024). "'Homes will take years to rebuild': Red Cross". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
381. ^ Najjar, Farah; Stepansky, Joseph (2 November 2023). "UNRWA says four shelters damaged in Gaza in last 24 hours". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
382. ^ Mahmoud, Hani (6 November 2023). "'Southern Gaza turning into a large concentration camp'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
383. ^ Beaumont, Peter (8 November 2023). "We can't ignore these people': huge surge in numbers fleeing Gaza City". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
384. ^ Stepansky, Joseph; Najjar, Farah (10 November 2023). "Israel says more than 100,000 Palestinians have fled southwards". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
385. ^ Siddiqui, Usaid; Pietromarchi, Virginia (11 November 2023). "UN says lives of children in Gaza 'hanging on by a thread'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
386. ^ "The non-governmental humanitarian organization CARE International has released the following statement on the deteriorating humanitarian situation in Gaza, calling it "unrecognisable."". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
387. ^ Stroehlein, Andrew (13 November 2023). "Gaza's Hospitals and the Laws of War". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
388. ^ Srivastava, Mehul; Bernard, Steven. "Radar data shows Israel's six-week offensive against Hamas has left much of the Palestinian enclave in ruins". Financial Times. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
389. ^ Khaled, Mai; Saleh, Heba (25 November 2023). "'Everything has been destroyed': Gazans return to their shattered homes". Financial Times. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
390. ^ DeBre, Isabel. "Palestinians fear Gaza will be an uninhabitable moonscape after war ends". PBS NewsHour. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
391. ^ Shurafa, Wafaa. "Hamas and Israel exchange more hostages for prisoners on 5th day of fragile cease-fire". PBS NewsHour. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
392. ^ England, Andrew; Saleh, Heba. "What will be left of Gaza when the war ends?". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
393. ^ Harb, Ali; Osgood, Brian (18 January 2024). "Palestinian official: $15bn needed to rebuild Gaza homes after the war". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
394. ^ Ayyoub, Loay. "Leaflets dropped in south Gaza declare Khan Younis a 'dangerous combat zone'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
395. ^ Sulliman, Adela. "IDF issues civilian 'evacuation zone map' for first time, it says". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
396. ^ Brennan, Eve. "Displaced people in southern Gaza react to IDF leaflet telling them to evacuate to Rafah". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
397. ^ Han, Jintak. "Photos: Explosions rock Rafah as pause for humanitarian aid expires". The Washington Post. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
398. ^ Jobain, Najib. "Israel orders evacuations as it widens offensive, but Palestinians are running out of places to go". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
399. ^ "UNRWA Situation Report #47 on the situation in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem". United Nations. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
400. ^ Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle. "Gaza faces public health disaster, UN humanitarian office says". Reuters. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
401. ^ Srivastava, Mehul; Smith, Alan. "Visual analysis: the wastelands in Gaza's two biggest cities". Financial Times. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
402. ^ "Gaza has 'simply become uninhabitable': UN humanitarian chief". France24. 5 January 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
403. ^ "As Israel's Aerial Bombardments Intensify, 'There Is No Safe Place in Gaza', Humanitarian Affairs Chief Warns Security Council". United Nations. 12 January 2024. Archived from the original on 9 June 2024.
404. ^ "Some in Gaza are resorting to fundraising platforms to leave". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
405. ^ Zaanoun, Adel. "Israel-Hamas War Enters 100th Day As Netanyahu Vows 'No One Will Stop Us'". Barron's. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
406. ^ "UN Agency Chief Warns Of Bleak Post-war Future For Gazans". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
407. ^ Kim, Victoria (24 January 2024). "Israel Orders Evacuation of Packed Gaza Area With 2 Major Hospitals". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
408. ^ Alsaafin, Linah; Varshalomidze, Tamila; Osgood, Brian (8 February 2024). "Israeli forces set fire to 3,000 housing units: Gaza media office". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
409. ^ Rasgon, Adam (13 March 2024). "These Workers Are Risking Their Lives to Restore Gaza's Phone Network". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
410. ^ a b c d Español, Marc (29 January 2024). "The Egyptians who have sent more than 130,000 digital cell phone cards to Gaza to defy blackouts". El País. Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
411. ^ Aly, Rasha (17 December 2023). "Palestinians in Gaza using eSim cards to get around communications blackout". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
412. ^ Vo, Lam Thuy (7 November 2023). "'Let Me Tell Them Goodbye Before They Get Killed': How eSIM Cards Are Connecting Palestinian Families – The Markup". themarkup.org. Archived from the original on 16 May 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
413. ^ a b Burgess, Matt. "The Destruction of Gaza's Internet Is Complete". Wired. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
414. ^ "Near-total internet and cellular blackout hits Gaza as Israel ramps up strikes". NBC News. 27 October 2023. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
415. ^ a b "What aid groups have lost contact with Gaza staff?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
416. ^ a b "Internet, Phone Network Cut Across Gaza". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
417. ^ Ruhiyyih Ewing, Giselle (28 October 2023). "Musk says Starlink will support connectivity to aid organizations in Gaza". Politico. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
418. ^ "Israeli official says will fight Starlink's deployment in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
419. ^ Lynn, Hastings (24 October 2023). "Lynn Hastings, Assistant Secretary-General, Humanitarian Coordinator in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Remarks on Behalf of the Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, 24 October 2023". Relief Web. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
420. ^ Farah, Hibaq (28 October 2023). "Gaza in communications blackout as Israel intensifies siege". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
421. ^ Shurafa, Wafaa; Federman, Josef; Mroue, Bassem. "Israel steps up air and ground attacks in Gaza and cuts off the territory's communications". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
422. ^ "Israel aims to 'keep world blinded on what's happening' in Gaza: Former UN special rapporteur". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
423. ^ Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Tedros [@DrTedros] (27 October 2023). "We have lost touch with our staff in Gaza, with health facilities, health workers and the rest of our humanitarian partners on the ground. This siege makes me gravely concerned for their safety and the immediate health risks of vulnerable patients. We urge immediate protection of all civilians and full humanitarian access" (Tweet). Retrieved 28 October 2023 - via Twitter.
424. ^ Action Aid UK [@ActionAidUK] (27 October 2023). "We urgently call for the restoration of communication channels, as this is not only a matter of principle but also one of practical necessity. The blackout isolates the population, making it nearly impossible for them to seek help, share their stories, or maintain contact" (Tweet). Retrieved 28 October 2023 - via Twitter.
425. ^ "Netblocks confirms Gaza internet connectivity restored". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
426. ^ a b "Internet shutdowns a 'warfare tactic': Rights group". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
427. ^ "BBC World Service announces Emergency Radio Service for Gaza". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
428. ^ "Internet service, communications cut again across Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
429. ^ Thuy Vo, Lam (7 November 2023). "'Let Me Tell Them Goodbye Before They Get Killed': How eSIM Cards Are Connecting Palestinian Families". The Markup. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
430. ^ ElSayed, Youmna. "Telecommunications cut off in Gaza Strip". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
431. ^ Parker, Claire. "Limited fuel to be allowed into Gaza, U.S. and Israeli officials say; Communications in Gaza partly restored". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
432. ^ Cornish, Chloe. "Israel tells Elon Musk Starlink can only operate in Gaza with its approval". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 21 December 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
433. ^ "PalTel: all telecom services cut in Gaza City and north Gaza Strip". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
434. ^ "Telecommunication services have been cut off in Gaza, say providers Paltel and Jawwal". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
435. ^ Lillieholm, Lucas (20 December 2023). "Internet and communication networks disrupted again in Gaza". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
436. ^ Humaid, Maram; Najjar, Farah. "Led by 'plumes of smoke': How Gaza's first responders navigate a blackout". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
437. ^ "Internet and phone services down in Gaza, says provider". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
438. ^ Patil, Anushka (12 January 2024). "Gaza is facing yet another communications blackout". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
439. ^ Jobain, Najib. "A defiant Netanyahu says no one can halt Israel's war to crush Hamas, including the world court". ABC News. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
440. ^ "Gaza Under Longest Internet Blackout Since War Began: Monitor". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
441. ^ "Internet Services Gradually Returning To Gaza: Telecom Firm". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
442. ^ Chao-Fong, Léonie; Lowe, Yohannes; Davies, Caroline; Fulton, Adam (22 January 2024). "Phone and internet down in Gaza in 10th communications blackout of war". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
443. ^ "UNRWA SITUATION REPORT #67 ON THE SITUATION IN THE GAZA STRIP AND THE WEST BANK, INCLUDING EAST JERUSALEM". UNRWA. United Nations. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
444. ^ "Palestinian coms ministry condemns Israel's targeting of its teams". Al Jazeera. 27 January 2024. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
445. ^ "Network connectivity disrupted in Gaza: Watchdog". Al Jazeera. 5 March 2024. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
446. ^ "Internet observatory confirms internet disruptions across Gaza". Al Jazeera. 25 May 2024. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
447. ^ Elassar, Alaa; Tucker, Emma (3 December 2023). "When Gaza lost phone and internet under Israeli attack, this activist found a way to get Palestinians back online". CNN. Archived from the original on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
448. ^ Español, Marc (10 November 2023). "Only a trickle of humanitarian aid entering Gaza: 'It's a drop in the bucket'". El País. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
449. ^ Federman, Josef; Adwan, Issam (9 October 2023). "Israeli defense minister orders 'complete siege' on Gaza after Hamas surprise attack". PBS Newshour. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
450. ^ "Egypt says Israel seeks to empty Gaza, rejects corridors for civilians". Al Jazeera. 12 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
451. ^ Mohamed, Yusri; Awadalla, Nadine; Ramadan, Tala (16 October 2023). "Gaza aid stuck as Egypt says Israel not cooperating". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
452. ^ Kalin, Stephen; Said, Summer. "U.S. Push for Gaza Border Opening Stalls as Humanitarian Plight Worsens". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
453. ^ Yasmeen, Abutaleb; Pager, Tyler; Hudson, John. "Biden to travel to Israel on Wednesday". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
454. ^ UNRWA [@UNRWA] (17 October 2023). "As we write this today there is no water or electricity in📍#Gaza. Soon there will be no food or medicine either. An unprecedented humanitarian catastrophe is unfolding before our eyes. Every hour we receive more desperate calls for help from people" (Tweet). Retrieved 18 October 2023 - via Twitter.
455. ^ Lazzarini, Philippe; Griffiths, Martin (17 October 2023). "Humanity must prevail in Gaza". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
456. ^ a b Jobain, Najib. "Israel says it will allow Egypt to deliver limited quantities of humanitarian aid to Gaza, as food and water dwindle". PBS. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
457. ^ Ravid, Barak (18 October 2023). "Israel approves entry of humanitarian aid to Gaza from Egypt after U.S. pressure". Axios. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
458. ^ Wang, Selina. "Biden says aid likely to arrive in Gaza Friday". ABC News. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
459. ^ Jobain, Najib; Debre, Isabel; Nessman, Ravi (18 October 2023). "Biden says Egypt's president has agreed to open Gaza border to allow in 20 trucks with aid". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
460. ^ "Gaza aid arrives at border crossing but no plan for delivery yet". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
461. ^ "Israel: Unlawful Gaza Blockade Deadly for Children". Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2023. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
462. ^ Lewis, Simon; Pamuk, Humeyra. "US envoy met with Israelis, Egyptians to develop mechanism for aid to Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
463. ^ Radford, Antoinette. "Aid delivery waits to enter Gaza from Egypt at Rafah crossing". BBC News. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
464. ^ "Live updates: What's happening on Day 13 of the Israel-Hamas war". PBS. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
465. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Lewis, Aidan (21 October 2023). "First aid convoy enters Gaza Strip from Egypt". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
466. ^ Borger, Julian (21 October 2023). "Aid entering Gaza not enough to avert 'humanitarian catastrophe', says UN chief". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
467. ^ Gadzo, Mersiha; Shankar, Priyanka; Marsi, Federica (20 October 2023). "UN aid chief says 'chance' more aid allowed into Gaza tomorrow". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
468. ^ Victor, Daniel (22 October 2023). "Second Aid Convoy Arrives in Gaza as Fears Grow of a Widening Conflict". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
469. ^ a b Stepansky, Joseph; Najjar, Farah (27 October 2023). "Israel 'clearly' opposes aid deliveries: UN". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
470. ^ Stepansky, Joseph; Najjar, Farah (27 October 2023). "'Soon many more will die' from Gaza siege: UN". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
471. ^ Halabi, Einav (31 October 2023). "Senior Hamas official: 'Tunnels are for us, the UN can take care of Palestinian citizens'". Ynetnews. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
472. ^ Pacchiani, Gianluca. "Top Hamas official declares group is not responsible for defending Gazan civilians". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
473. ^ Rosenberg, Matthew; Abi-Habib, Maria (27 October 2023). "As Gazans Scrounge for Food and Water, Hamas Sits on a Rich Trove of Supplies". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
474. ^ "Footage from Gaza shows Hamas members beating up residents trying to get food". Times of Israel. 12 November 2023. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
475. ^ Uras, Umut; Shankar, Priyanka; Gadzo, Mersiha (28 October 2023). "Egypt: 'Israeli obstacles' impeding aid delivery to Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
476. ^ Siddiqui, Usaid; Ibrahim, Arwa; Hatuqa, Dalia; Rowlands, Lyndal; Mohamed, Hamza; Pietromarchi, Virginia; Uras, Umut (28 October 2023). "Telecommunications shutdown brings aid to 'complete halt': UN". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
477. ^ Siddiqui, Usaid; Ibrahim, Arwa; Hatuqa, Dalia; Rowlands, Lyndal; Mohamed, Hamza; Pietromarchi, Virginia; Uras, Umut (28 October 2023). "Israel to allow increase in aid trucks 'significantly'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
478. ^ "Ms. Lisa Doughten, OCHA Director of Humanitarian Financing and Resource Mobilization Division, on Behalf of Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mr. Martin Griffiths". OCHA. 30 October 2023. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
479. ^ Nichols, Michelle (30 October 2023). "UN pushes to open Kerem Shalom crossing to deliver aid to Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
480. ^ "Food, fuel must be allowed into Gaza to support Palestinians: Canada". The Business Standard. 14 November 2023. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
481. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal. "Israel renews call for Gazans to flee key southern city". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
482. ^ "UN delivers more aid into Gaza on first day of humanitarian pause". UN News. United Nations. 24 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
483. ^ Kottasová, Ivana (27 November 2023). "Truce gives Gazans moment to breathe – and reveals scale of devastation". CNN. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
484. ^ Fulton, Adam; Yang, Maya; Belam, Martin (27 November 2023). "UNRWA chief: current state of Gaza aid 'hardly enough for humanitarian response'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
485. ^ @SamerWFP (November 26, 2023). "Today, @WFP and @UNICEF had a joint mission to deliver vital food assistance to Al-Ahli hospital & surrounding areas" (Tweet) - via Twitter.
486. ^ House, The White (28 November 2023). "Statement from National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan on Airlift of Critical Humanitarian Supplies to Egypt to Support Aid Delivery in Gaza". The White House. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
487. ^ Najjar, Farah; Muro, Adam (1 December 2023). "No aid crossing into Gaza amid Israeli air attacks". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
488. ^ Najjar, Farah; Muro, Adam (1 December 2023). "Israel preventing aid trucks from entering Gaza via Rafah border crossing, PRCS says". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
489. ^ DeYoung, Karen. "Aid shipments into Gaza to resume, U.S. says, but at pre-pause levels". The Washington Post. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
490. ^ "United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory | Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel | Flash Update #59". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs \- occupied Palestinian territory. 4 December 2023. Archived from the original on 19 July 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
491. ^ "WHO reports Israeli army's directive to evacuate aid warehouse in southern Gaza". Le Monde. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
492. ^ Lazaroff, Tozah (6 December 2023). "Israel revokes UN Humanitarian Coordinator's visa". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 23 July 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
493. ^ Ackerman, Gwen. "Israel Rebuffs Calls to Halt Gaza War as Forces Move South". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
494. ^ "WHO calls for protection of humanitarian space in Gaza following serious incidents in high-risk mission to transfer patients, deliver health supplies". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
495. ^ Ravid, Barak (15 December 2023). "Gaza-Israel crossing reopens to allow more aid". Axios. Archived from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
496. ^ Pietromarchi, Virginia; Siddiqui, Usaid; Varshalomidze, Tamila (18 December 2023). "EU parliamentarian slams Israeli delays at Rafah border crossing". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
497. ^ Alsaafin, Linah; Muro, Adam; Stepansky, Joseph; Regencia, Ted (19 December 2023). "Israel bombs UNRWA headquarters in northern Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
498. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel Flash #76". ReliefWeb. UNOCHA. 23 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
499. ^ Abdulrahim, Raja (29 December 2023). "U.N. Says Israeli Forces Fired on Aid Convoy in Central Gaza". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
500. ^ Williams, Dan. "Israel says it's ready to let ships bring aid to Gaza". Reuters. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
501. ^ Pineau, Elizabeth. "French, Jordanian airforces drop medical aid to Gaza - Elysee". Reuters. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
502. ^ @SamerWFP (January 11, 2024). "For the first time in weeks, @WFP was able to deliver crucial food assistance to thousands of people facing catastrophic hunger in the center of #Gaza city" (Tweet) - via Twitter.
503. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel Flash Update #91". UNOCHA. 12 January 2024. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
504. ^ "'Lives hang in the balance' amid dire humanitarian situation in Gaza: HRW". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
505. ^ Keath, Lee (6 January 2024). "Cumbersome process and 'arbitrary' Israeli inspections slow aid delivery into Gaza, US senators say". Associated Press. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
506. ^ "Preventing famine and deadly disease outbreak in Gaza requires faster, safer aid access and more supply routes". World Health Organization. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
507. ^ McDowall, Angus. "Video shows chaos of aid delivery on Gaza beach". Reuters. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
508. ^ "Israel and Hamas agree deal on medicine for hostages and more aid for Gaza, says Qatar". France24. 16 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
509. ^ "Humanitarian Access Snapshot - North of Wadi Gaza Mid-January 2024". UNOCHA. United Nations. 19 January 2024. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
510. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel Flash Update #104". ReliefWeb. UNOCHA. 29 January 2024. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
511. ^ Hammer, Mathias (29 January 2024). "More than a dozen countries are suspending funds to UNRWA over alleged Hamas links". Semafor. Archived from the original on 9 February 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
512. ^ "9 nations suspend contributions to UNWRA due to Oct. 7 allegations". ABC News. 28 January 2024. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
513. ^ Ebrahim, Nadeen (29 January 2024). "The demise of the UN's Palestinian agency could spell disaster for millions. Here's why Israel wants it dismantled". CNN. Archived from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
514. ^ Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle. "What is UNRWA and why are some countries suspending its funding?". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
515. ^ "Complete communication blackout for four days and counting makes aid distribution in Gaza near impossible". ReliefWeb. Save the Children. 17 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
516. ^ Atay Alam, Hande (14 November 2023). "UN mourns the deaths of more than 100 aid workers in Gaza, the highest number killed in any conflict in its history". CNN. Archived from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
517. ^ Hudson, John. "Killing of USAID contractor in Gaza fuels internal protest". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
518. ^ Ravid, Barak (24 February 2024). "U.S. officials warn: Gaza "is turning into Mogadishu"". Axios. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
519. ^ Spagat, Michael; Silverman, Daniel (1 November 2023). "Is the Hamas-run Ministry of Health data on fatalities in Gaza to be trusted?". Archived from the original on 9 June 2024.
520. ^ Kekatos, Mary. "Why women, children are disproportionately impacted by the conflict in Gaza: Experts". ABC News. Archived from the original on 11 July 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
521. ^ "In Gaza, more than 700,000 children have been displaced - forced to leave everything behind". X post by UNICEF. UNICEF. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
522. ^ "PRCS tries to 'alleviate suffering of displaced children'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
523. ^ "First Person: UNICEF chief in Gaza visit, bears witness to grave violations against children". UN News. United Nations. 15 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
524. ^ "Overcrowding at hospitals grows as more move south". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
525. ^ "'No place safe for children in Gaza': UNICEF". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 16 March 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
526. ^ "Children's Mental Health In Gaza Pushed Beyond Breaking Point After Nearly A Month Of Siege And Bombardment". Save the Children. 7 November 2023. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
527. ^ Russell, Catherine. "UNICEF Executive Director Catherine Russell's remarks at the UN Security Council briefing on the protection of children in Gaza". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
528. ^ Arslan, Muhammet İkbal. "Situation in Gaza 'worse than I imagined': UNICEF spokesperson tells Anadolu". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
529. ^ "UN official describes 'immense relief' as water, food arrive in north Gaza amid truce". CBC. Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
530. ^ a b Khaled, Mai; Saleh, Heba (29 November 2023). "Gaza's children fight to survive amid wreckage of Israel-Hamas war". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
531. ^ Natour, Rhana (28 November 2023). "These Palestinian boys received life-saving surgery in the US. An Israeli airstrike killed them in their home". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
532. ^ Pietromarchi, Virginia; Quillen, Stephen (3 December 2023). "WATCH: Palestinian boy's farewell to brother killed in Israeli air raid". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
533. ^ "Gaza health ministry says out of children's vaccines". France24. 13 December 2023. Archived from the original on 7 April 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
534. ^ "Over 10,000 infants and children killed in Israel's Gaza genocide, hundreds of whom are trapped beneath debris". Euro-Med Monitor. 9 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
535. ^ "'Ten weeks of hell' for children in Gaza: UNICEF". UN News. United Nations. 19 December 2023. Archived from the original on 11 July 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
536. ^ Johnston, Nicole. "Israel-Hamas war: The impossible conditions for children born into conflict". Sky News. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
537. ^ "Facing life in the Gaza Strip with a new disability". UNICEF. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
538. ^ "Gaza: More Than 10 Children a Day Lose a Limb in Three Months of Brutal Conflict". Save the Children. 7 January 2024. Archived from the original on 11 July 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
539. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel Flash Update #79". UNOCHA. United Nations. 28 December 2023. Archived from the original on 9 July 2024. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
540. ^ "Vaccines received, but getting them to babies across Gaza is impossible: UN". Al Jazeera. 1 January 2024. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
541. ^ "'Time is running out' to save children in Gaza from malnutrition, says UNICEF head". Al Jazeera. 3 January 2024. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
542. ^ "Nutrition needs of children, pregnant women in Gaza are going unmet, UNICEF says". PBS NewsHour. Associated Press. 5 January 2024. Archived from the original on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
543. ^ Alsaafin, Linah; Osgood, Brian (6 January 2024). "Children in Gaza dying 'in every way possible'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 21 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
544. ^ Barbakh, Arafat (29 December 2023). "Baby saved from Gaza rubble after mother killed in Israeli strike". Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
545. ^ "More than 10,000 children killed in Gaza in nearly 100 days of war". ReliefWeb. Save the Children. 11 January 2024. Archived from the original on 10 August 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
546. ^ Burke, Jason (16 January 2024). "Aid officials believe there are 'pockets of famine' in Gaza". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
547. ^ "Statement by UNICEF Deputy Executive Director Ted Chaiban upon conclusion of his visit to the Gaza Strip". UNICEF. 19 January 2024. Archived from the original on 10 July 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
548. ^ Timotija, Filip (19 January 2024). "UN warns of viruses spreading in Gaza". The Hill. Archived from the original on 11 March 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
549. ^ "Gaza: 10,000 children killed in nearly 100 days of war". ReliefWeb. Save the Children. 11 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 August 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
550. ^ Gadzo, Mersiha; Osgood, Brian (27 January 2024). "Winter brings more suffering for Palestinians in Gaza: Aid group coordinator". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
551. ^ Abu Azzoum, Tareq (27 January 2024). "Cold, rain, mud await 'waves' of displaced Palestinians fleeing to Rafah". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
552. ^ Adler, Nils; Gadzo, Mersiha (28 January 2024). "Children in Gaza have paid the highest price in this crisis: Save the Children". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
553. ^ "Routine vaccines are saving children lives in the Gaza Strip". UNICEF. 16 January 2024. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
554. ^ Russell, Catherine M. (9 February 2024). "Statement by UNICEF Executive Director Catherine Russell on Rafah, Gaza". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
555. ^ Collier, Neil (20 November 2023). "'A Horror Film': Mothers in Gaza on Giving Birth in a War Zone". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
556. ^ Alsaafin, Linah; Humaid, Maram (15 December 2023). "Emaciated but alive: Gaza mothers, premature babies reunited in Egypt". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
557. ^ Loveluck, Louisa; Taha, Sufian; Harb, Hajar (17 November 2023). "Israel's war with Hamas separates Palestinian babies from their mothers". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
558. ^ "The Devastating Brunt Of Conflict On Gaza's Women And Girls". Oxfam. 25 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
559. ^ Shana, Fadi; Salem, Saleh (18 December 2023). "Unwashed and underfed, babies born into Gaza war face hardship in tents". Reuters. Archived from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
560. ^ Salem, Mohammed (12 December 2023). "Born and killed in Gaza war: grandmother weeps for one-month-old Idres". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
561. ^ Alsaafin, Linah; Muro, Adam; Stepansky, Joseph (20 December 2023). "3-day-old baby saved following Israeli air raid on Rafah". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
562. ^ Stepansky, Joseph; Alsaafin, Linah (27 December 2023). "'There are so many people in the north of Gaza': UN official". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 August 2024. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
563. ^ Stepansky, Joseph; Alsaafin, Linah (27 December 2023). "Displaced Palestinian mother in Gaza gives birth to quadruplets". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 August 2024. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
564. ^ Harb, Ali; Osgood, Brian (18 January 2024). "'Worst nightmare': Giving birth in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 August 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
565. ^ Cheung, Kylie. "Miscarriages in Gaza Have Increased 300% Under Israeli Bombing". Jezebel. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
566. ^ "Born into hell". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 22 June 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
567. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel Flash Update #98". ReliefWeb. UNOCHA. 22 January 2024. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
568. ^ "Two mothers killed each hour in Gaza conflict: UN Women". UN News. United Nations. 19 January 2024. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
569. ^ "Women and newborns bearing the brunt of the conflict in Gaza, UN agencies warn". World Health Organization. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 1 August 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
570. ^ a b "Displaced pregnant women at high risk amid dire conditions in Rafah". Doctors Without Borders. 29 January 2024. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
571. ^ "Premature babies evacuated from Al-Shifa Hospital, health officials say". CBC. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
572. ^ Yee, Vivian (19 November 2023). "Premature Babies Are Evacuated From Embattled Hospital in Gaza". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
573. ^ "Palestinian Red Crescent, UN agencies evacuate Al Shifa premature babies". Reuters. 20 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
574. ^ Mpoke Bigg, Matthew (20 November 2023). "28 Premature Babies Evacuated From Gazan Hospital Arrive in Egypt". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
575. ^ "Two Premature Babies Died Before Evacuation From Gaza: UN". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
576. ^ Parker, Claire (11 November 2023). "North Gaza hospitals have turned into 'a graveyard,' Doctors Without Borders says". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
577. ^ Kilbride, Erin; Van Esveld, Bill (December 2023). "Birth and Death Intertwined in Gaza Strip". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
578. ^

* "Alarming footage shows Israel left premature babies to die alone in Gaza hospital it forcefully evacuated". The New Arab. 29 November 2023. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
* "5 Premature Babies Found Dead In Gaza Hospital: Hamas Health Ministry". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
* "Abandoned babies found decomposing in Gaza hospital weeks after it was evacuated". NBC News. 2 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
* "Infants were left for dead after Israel forcibly evacuated al-Nasr hospital". AJ+. 29 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
* Kumar, Nikhil. "Five Premature Babies Found Dead, 'Partly Decomposed' in Gaza City Hospital: Report". The Messenger. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
* "Decomposing Bodies of Premature Babies Discovered in Besieged Gaza Hospital". Democracy Now!. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
* Russell, Lauren. "Gaza: Decomposing bodies of babies 'seen in footage' from abandoned children's hospital". Sky News. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2023.

579. ^ Berger, Miriam; Hill, Evan; Balousha, Hazem. "A Gaza hospital evacuated, four fragile lives and a grim discovery". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
580. ^ Goodwin, Allegra (8 December 2023). "Infants found dead and decomposing in evacuated hospital ICU in Gaza. Here's what we know". CNN. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
581. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel Flash Update #69". UNOCHA. 14 December 2023. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
582. ^ Shaw, Martin (3 January 2024). "Inescapably Genocidal". Journal of Genocide Research: 1–5\. doi:10.1080/14623528.2023.2300555. S2CID 266778978.1-5&rft.date=2024-01-03&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080/14623528.2023.2300555&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:266778978#id-name=S2CID&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Gaza+humanitarian+crisis+(2023–present)" class="Z3988">
583. ^ Levene, Mark (21 January 2024). "Gaza 2023: Words Matter, Lives Matter More". Journal of Genocide Research: 1–7\. doi:10.1080/14623528.2024.2301866.1-7&rft.date=2024-01-21&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080/14623528.2024.2301866&rft.aulast=Levene&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Gaza+humanitarian+crisis+(2023–present)" class="Z3988">
584. ^ "South Africa's ICJ Case Against Israel Backed by Over 1,000 Organizations". The Palestine Chronicle. 10 January 2024. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
585. ^ "Israel Not Complying with World Court Order in Genocide Case". Human Rights Watch. 26 February 2024. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024.
586. ^ "Israel defying ICJ ruling to prevent genocide by failing to allow adequate humanitarian aid to reach Gaza". Amnesty International. 26 February 2024. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024.
587. ^ Lakhani, Nina (27 February 2024). "Israel is deliberately starving Palestinians, UN rights expert says". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024.
588. ^ "Press conference by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg during the meetings of NATO Ministers of Foreign Affairs in Brussels". North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 3 April 2024. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
589. ^ @AgnesCallamard (November 23, 2023). "This brutal annihilation of an entire population's health system stretches beyond what humanitarian aid can fix. Doctors can't stop bombs" (Tweet) - via Twitter.
590. ^ "Red Cross Chief Arrives In Gaza, Calls For Political Solution". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. 4 December 2023. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
591. ^ "Israeli forces battle Palestinian militants in south Gaza". France 24. 10 December 2023. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
592. ^ Nunn, Michelle; D’Oyen McKenna, Tjada; Egeland, Jan; Maxman, Abby; Soeripto, Janti; Konyndyk, Jeremy (11 December 2023). "We Are No Strangers to Human Suffering, but We've Seen Nothing Like the Siege of Gaza". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
593. ^ "Israeli organizations to President Biden: stop the humanitarian catastrophe". B'Tselem. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
594. ^ "Hundreds Protest in Tel Aviv After Three Hamas Hostages Mistakenly Killed by IDF". Haaretz. 15 December 2023. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
595. ^ "Cannot call current Gaza aid 'a humanitarian response': MSF". Al Jazeera. 27 December 2023. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
596. ^ "Israel's war objective not to eradicate Hamas". Al Jazeera. 30 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 July 2024. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
597. ^ "Israel is starving Gaza". B'Tselem. 8 January 2024. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
598. ^ Ahmad, Reged; Chao-Fong, Léonie; Yang, Maya; Belam, Martin; Gecsoyler, Sammy (12 January 2024). "Daily death toll in Gaza higher than any other major 21st-century conflict, says Oxfam". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
599. ^ "Daily death rate in Gaza higher than any other major 21st Century conflict". Oxfam. 11 January 2024. Archived from the original on 6 August 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
600. ^ Fulton, Adam; Yang, Maya; Lowe, Yohannes; Livingstone, Helen (14 January 2024). "Middle East crisis live: maritime navigation in danger after US strikes on Yemen, says Hezbollah". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
601. ^ Egeland, Jan (15 January 2024). "100 days of hell in Gaza". ReliefWeb. Norwegian Refugee Council. Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
602. ^ "A week in the dark: connectivity in Gaza must be restored now". Access Now. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
603. ^ "If attacks don't kill Gaza's people, starvation and disease will: Aid group". Al Jazeera. 9 February 2024. Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
604. ^ Callahan, Sean; Egeland, Jan; D’Oyen McKenna, Tjada; Konyndyk, Jeremy; Maxman, Abby; Nunn, Michelle; Soeripto, Janti; Owubah, Charles (16 February 2024). "Palestinians in Gaza face mass starvation. Only an immediate cease-fire will save them". USA Today. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
605. ^ Varshalomidze, Tamila; Siddiqui, Usaid; Motamedi, Maziar (3 March 2024). "IFRC chief calls for 'powerful actions' by all parties in Gaza war". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
606. ^ Marsi, Federica; Mohamed, Edna; Siddiqui, Usaid (5 March 2024). "NGO slams shrinking civic space in Palestine amid war on Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
607. ^ Siddiqui, Usaid (14 March 2024). "While the international community is busy pretending Gaza is a humanitarian crisis, Israel continues to violate international law in total impunity". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
608. ^ Khatib, Rasha; McKee, Martin; Yusuf, Salim (5 July 2024). "Counting the dead in Gaza: difficult but essential". The Lancet. 404 (10449). Elsevier BV: 237–238\. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01169-3. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 38976995. "Applying a conservative estimate of four indirect deaths per one direct death to the 37,396 deaths reported, it is not implausible to estimate that up to 186,000 or even more deaths could be attributable to the current conflict in Gaza."237-238&rft.date=2024-07-05&rft.issn=0140-6736&rft_id=info:pmid/38976995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01169-3&rft.aulast=Khatib&rft.aufirst=Rasha&rft.au=McKee,+Martin&rft.au=Yusuf,+Salim&rft_id=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01169-3/fulltext&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Gaza+humanitarian+crisis+(2023–present)" class="Z3988">
609. ^ Daou, Marc (11 July 2024). "'More than 186,000 dead' in Gaza: How credible are the estimates published on The Lancet?". France 24. Archived from the original on 15 August 2024.
610. ^ Reed, John; Mehul, Srivastava (13 October 2023). "Residents flee Gaza City as Israel tells 1.1mn to leave". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
611. ^ "Israel-Hamas war live: Biden in Israel, anger over Gaza hospital attack". Al Jazeera. 17 October 2023. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
612. ^ WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean [@WHOEMRO] (26 October 2023). "'The humanitarian and health crisis in Gaza has reached catastrophic proportions. It is our moral duty, an imperative that transcends political boundaries, to demand unobstructed access for delivering life-saving aid.' – Dr Ahmed Al-Mandhari, @WHOEMRO Regional Director" (Tweet). Retrieved 26 October 2023 - via Twitter.
613. ^ Amanpour, Christiane (21 November 2023). "UN calls for ceasefire but would welcome shorter pause to get more aid into Gaza, relief chief says". CNN. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
614. ^ Mance, Henry. "UN aid chief Martin Griffiths: 'The war in Gaza isn't halfway through'". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
615. ^ Stepansky, Joseph; Najjar, Farah (8 November 2023). "'We have fallen off a precipice', UN human rights chief says". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
616. ^ "UN Chief Pushes for Gaza Truce to Become Full Humanitarian Cease-fire". VOA. Reuters. 27 November 2023. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
617. ^ Pietromarchi, Virginia; Quillen, Stephen (3 December 2023). "Gaza hospital conditions 'unimaginable', WHO says". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
618. ^ Shotter, James; Saleh, Heba (6 December 2023). "Humanitarian system in Gaza on verge of collapse, says UN chief". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
619. ^ "Aqaba Process Joint Statement on Gaza's Humanitarian Situation". ReliefWeb. UNOCHA. 6 December 2023. Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
620. ^ Masoud, Bassam; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (8 December 2023). "Israel sharply ramps up Gaza strikes, U.S. alarmed". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
621. ^ "Israel steps up southern Gaza offensive as U.S. approves arms sales". NBC News. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
622. ^ Cromwell, Alexander (11 December 2023). "U.N. envoys say 'enough' to war on trip to Gaza border". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
623. ^ "Gaza 'well beyond breakdown' -UN human rights chief". Reuters. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
624. ^ Fulton, Adam; Chao-Fong, Léonie; Luscombe, Richard; Ambrose, Tom; Grierson, Jamie; Ahmad, Reged (19 December 2023). "Israel-Gaza war live: UN agencies voice anger at attacks on Gaza hospitals as security council discusses ceasefire vote". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
625. ^ Woodward, Barbara (29 December 2023). "Many more will die from attacks, disease and famine if we do not stop the humanitarian catastrophe: UK statement at the UN Security Council". Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
626. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Barbakh, Arafat; Williams, Dan (31 December 2023). "Israeli jets pound central Gaza as Netanyahu indicates longer war". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
627. ^ "World News in Brief: Gaza relief 'an impossible mission', COVID spreading fast again, food prices fall". UN News. United Nations. 5 January 2024. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
628. ^ Ahmad, Reged; Yang, Maya; Dugan, Emily (7 January 2024). "UNRWA in 'life-saving' mode in Gaza as humanitarian crisis deteriorates". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
629. ^ Andres, Paula (7 January 2024). "Israeli strikes kill 7 civilians in West Bank, 2 journalists in Gaza". Politico. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
630. ^ Rowlands, Lyndal (7 January 2024). "'Deliberate starvation not famine': UN human rights expert". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 7 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
631. ^ "Mr. Martin Griffiths, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator - Briefing to the UN Security Council on the humanitarian situation in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory, 12 January 2024". ReliefWeb. UNOCHA. 12 January 2024. Archived from the original on 25 August 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
632. ^ Cameron, David (11 January 2024). "Israel must act now to let aid through and save lives in Gaza. Britain has a plan to help that happen". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
633. ^ "Carnage in Gaza: 'How much is enough?' asks UN Assembly President". UN News. United Nations. 19 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
634. ^ "Guterres cataloga de "inaceptable" la negativa israelí de admitir un Estado palestino" [Guterres calls Israel's refusal to admit a Palestinian state "unacceptable"]. France24 (in Spanish). 20 January 2024. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
635. ^ "UN humanitarian chief says it is 'not the time' to deprive people in Gaza of assistance". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
636. ^ "UN Security Council says worried by 'dire and rapidly deteriorating' conditions in Gaza". Times of Israel. Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
637. ^ Griffith, Martin. "UN relief chief: As crisis enters fifth month, further fighting in Rafah risks claiming more lives and exacerbating humanitarian needs". OCHA. United Nations. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
638. ^ Zaanoun, Adel. "Strikes On Gaza's Rafah As US Warns Of Potential 'Disaster'". Barron's. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
639. ^ "Gaza Humanitarian Situation 'Inhumane': WHO". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. 21 February 2024. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
640. ^ Butler, Josh (5 March 2024). "Australia urges Israel to provide evidence for allegations UNRWA staff were involved in 7 October attacks". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 April 2024. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
641. ^ "In Gaza, there are no more 'normal-sized babies': UN official". France24. 15 March 2024. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
642. ^ Burke, Jason (22 March 2024). "Unicef official tells of 'utter annihilation' after travelling length of Gaza". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 July 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
643. ^ "End War's 'Nightmare', UN Chief Says At Gates Of Gaza". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 25 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
644. ^ a b איילנד, גיורא (10 October 2023). "זו לא נקמה. זה או אנחנו או הם" [This is not revenge. It's either us or them]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
645. ^ Khalidi, Rashid (15 October 2023). "The U.S. Should Think Twice About Israel's Plans for Gaza". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 July 2024. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
646. ^ Whitman, Ariel (10 August 2023). "Giora Eiland outlines plan to get hostages back alive". Globes. Archived from the original on 14 April 2024. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
647. ^ McKernan, Bethan (19 November 2023). "Gaza's main hospital has become a 'death zone', says WHO". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
648. ^ Bar'el, Zvi. "Gaza's Humanitarian Crisis Turns Into a Strategic Weapon for Israel". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
649. ^ @KnessetT (October 23, 2023). ""בלי רעב וצמא אצל האוכלוסייה העזתית לא נצליח לגייס משת"פ, לא נצליח לגייס מודיעין, לא נצליח לשחד אנשים, באוכל, בשתייה, בתרופות, כדי להשיג מודיעין ואנחנו יודעים שמציאת החטופים היא מטרה עליונה וסופר חשובה לצד מטרות הלחימה." - כך אמרה ח"כ טלי גוטליב במליאת הכנסת" (Tweet) (in Hebrew) - via Twitter.
650. ^ Jones, Owen (13 January 2024). "The brutality and inhumanity of Israel's assault on Gaza is no surprise. It's just what was promised". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
651. ^ Gontarz, Nir (12 January 2024). "Half a Million Gazans Are Suffering From Acute Hunger. Let That Sink In". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 11 March 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
652. ^ Berman, Lazar. "Netanyahu: We're allowing 'minimum' amount of aid necessary in order to prevent Gaza humanitarian crisis". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
653. ^ Harb, Ali; Osgood, Brian (4 January 2024). "Gaza's mayor issues urgent global appeal for fuel supplies". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
654. ^ Osgood, Brian; Muro, Adam (5 January 2024). "Palestinian Foreign Ministry: Humanitarian crisis in Rafah tests international community's credibility". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
655. ^ Stepansky, Joseph (14 January 2024). "'Hundred days of genocide in Gaza is lifetime of pain': Palestinian foreign ministry". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 25 August 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
656. ^ Stepansky, Joseph (15 January 2024). "Israel using self-defence argument to deepen humanitarian crisis in Gaza: PA". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 25 August 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
657. ^ Lederer, Edith (18 October 2023). "US vetoes UN resolution condemning Hamas' attacks on Israel and all violence against civilians". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 1 August 2024. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
658. ^ Henninger, Daniel (15 November 2023). "Gaza Is the First Humanitarian-Crisis War". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
659. ^ Meyer, Josh (2 December 2023). "VP Harris calls on Israel to respect international law, stop killing innocent Palestinians". USA Today. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024.
660. ^ Long, Colleen; Madhani, Aamer (12 December 2023). "Biden takes a tougher stance on Israel's 'indiscriminate bombing' of Gaza". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 16 August 2024.
661. ^ Ryan, Missy; DeYoung, Karen; Abutaleb, Yasmeen; Lamothe, Dan. "As Gaza crisis intensifies, U.S. conducts first airdrop of aid". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
662. ^ Imane Kouachi, Ikrame (9 March 2024). "US denies its plane involved in airdrop aid incident in Gaza, resulting in 5 Palestinians' deaths". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024.
663. ^ "Israel-Hamas war: U.S. official rejects claims that U.S. airdrop killed civilians". NBC News. 8 March 2024. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
664. ^ Horton, Alex. "How the U.S. military will use a floating pier to deliver Gaza aid". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
665. ^ "US VP Harris calls for 'immediate' Gaza truce in rare rebuke of Israel". Al Jazeera. 4 March 2024. Archived from the original on 19 August 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
666. ^ Nazarro, Miranda (7 January 2024). "Van Hollen agrees Israel should face 'consequences' over Gaza aid, civilian deaths". The Hill. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
667. ^ "Russia and China veto US resolution stating imperative of 'immediate and sustained ceasefire' in Gaza". United Nations. 22 March 2024.
668. ^ "UN Security Council demands 'immediate ceasefire' in Gaza, ending months-long deadlock". UN News. United Nations. 25 March 2024. Archived from the original on 28 August 2024.
669. ^ Marsi, Federica; Siddiqui, Usaid (26 March 2024). "Situation in Gaza a 'human catastrophe': Pentagon chief". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 31 August 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
670. ^ "US congressman: 'Palestine will be turned into a parking lot'". Middle East Monitor. 26 October 2023. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023.
671. ^ Eaton, Sabrina (17 November 2023). "U.S. Rep. Max Miller defends Israel's conduct of Hamas war after visit to Tel Aviv". cleveland.com. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
672. ^ "Michele Bachmann Calls for Ethnic Cleansing in Gaza: 'They Need To Be Removed From That Land'". Mediaite. 18 December 2023. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
673. ^ Media Matters Staff (18 December 2023). "Michelle Bachmann to Charlie Kirk: "It's time that Gaza ends. The 2 million people who live there, they are clever assassins. They need to be removed from that land."". Media Matters for America. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
674. ^ Otten, Tori (1 November 2023). "Republican Representative Directly Compares All Palestinians to Nazis". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
675. ^ Otten, Tori (1 February 2024). "GOP Congressman Says Dead Palestinian Babies Aren't All That Innocent". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
676. ^

* Johnson, Jake (7 March 2024). ""Finish the problem": Trump's answer on Gaza shows he's "even worse" than Biden on Israel". Salon.com. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024.
* McCann Ramirez, Nikki (5 March 2024). "Trump Backs Israel Bombarding Gaza: 'Gotta Finish the Problem'". RollingStone. Archived from the original on 6 March 2024.
* Hillyard, Vaughn; Smith, Allan (5 March 2024). "Trump breaks silence on Israel's military campaign in Gaza: 'Finish the problem'". NBC News. Archived from the original on 6 August 2024.
* Samuels, Ben (17 March 2024). "Trump Says He Would Let Netanyahu Finish the Job in Gaza, Says 'Biden Is So Bad for Israel'". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 17 March 2024.
* "Trump calls on Israel to 'finish the problem' in Gaza, suggesting intensification of genocide". Middle East Monitor. 6 March 2024. Archived from the original on 6 March 2024.
* Walker, Chris (6 March 2024). "Trump Encourages Genocide Against Palestinians, Saying: "Finish the Problem"". Truthout. Archived from the original on 8 March 2024.

677. ^ Vargas, Ramon Antonio (31 March 2024). "Congressman rebuked for call to bomb Gaza 'like Nagasaki and Hiroshima'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 July 2024.
678. ^ Fossum, Sam (31 March 2024). "GOP congressman appears to suggest dropping bombs on Gaza to end conflict quickly, referring to 'Nagasaki and Hiroshima'". CNN. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024.
679. ^ Vigdor, Neil (31 March 2024). "Republican Congressman Says of Gaza: 'It Should Be Like Nagasaki and Hiroshima'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024.
680. ^

* Benson, Chris (12 March 2024). "Bernie Sanders leads Democrats in call for Joe Biden to ensure aid reaches Gaza". United Press International. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024.
* Bolton, Alexander (12 March 2024). "Democratic senators demand Biden halt military aid to Israel". The Hill. Archived from the original on 12 March 2024.
* Jimison, Robert (12 March 2024). "Senators Urge Biden to Stop Arming Israel, Citing Violation of U.S. Aid Law". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 July 2024.
* Houghtaling, Ellie Quinlan (12 March 2024). "Democratic Senators Urge Biden to Stop Arming Israel". The New Republic. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024.
* Saric, Ivana (10 March 2024). "Sanders: U.S. putting conditions on aid for Israel would be "the right thing to do"". Axios. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024.

681. ^ "Safadi condemns Israeli aggression on Gaza, criticises Security Council inaction". The Jordan Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
682. ^ Morrison, Hamish (9 January 2024). "David Cameron squirms as he's confronted over Israeli 'war crimes'". The National. Archived from the original on 29 March 2024.
683. ^ Landler, Mark (24 January 2024). "Britain's Foreign Secretary Pressures Netanyahu on More Aid for Gaza". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
684. ^ "UK parliament select committee holds hearing on healthcare situation in Gaza". Al Jazeera. 10 January 2024. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
685. ^ "China's top diplomat: Fighting in Gaza root cause of Red Sea tensions". Al Jazeera. 17 February 2024. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
686. ^ "China: FM Wang says Washington trying to 'suppress' Beijing". Deutsche Welle. 7 March 2024. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024.
687. ^ "UAE calls for immediate ceasefire and aid to Gaza". Al Jazeera. 18 February 2024. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
688. ^ "German government deeply concerned about planned Rafah offensive". Times of Israel. Reuters. 19 February 2024. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
689. ^ Syed, Armani (20 February 2024). "Prince William Calls for End to Fighting in Gaza 'as Soon as Possible' in Rare Statement". Time. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
690. ^ "French foreign minister: 'The humanitarian situation in Gaza is creating indefensible and unjustifiable situations for which the Israelis are accountable'". Le Monde. 2 March 2024. Archived from the original on 23 July 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
691. ^ More, Rachel. "Germany's Baerbock calls for unhindered flow of aid to Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
692. ^ "Xi, Macron Discuss Israel-Hamas War In Call: State Media". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
693. ^ "Arab, Muslim leaders slam Israel at Saudi-hosted summit on Gaza". Al Arabiya English. 11 November 2023. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
694. ^ "Cyprus pushes Gaza corridor idea; leader to visit Egypt, Jordan". Reuters. 4 December 2023. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
695. ^ "Dutch diplomat Sigrid Kaag takes up post as UN Gaza humanitarian, reconstruction coordinator". China Daily. Xinhua. 9 January 2024. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
696. ^ "Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs — Codification Division Publications". legal.un.org. United Nations. 12 July 2023. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
697. ^ Nichols, Michelle (7 December 2023). "UN chief rings alarm bell on global security threat from Gaza war". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
698. ^ "Gaza: Guterres invokes 'most powerful tool' Article 99, in bid for humanitarian ceasefire". UN News. United Nations. 6 December 2023. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
699. ^ "UN secretary-general invokes Article 99 on Gaza in rare, powerful move". Al Jazeera. 7 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 July 2024. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
700. ^ Al-Kassab, Fatima (7 November 2023). "What is Gaza's Rafah crossing and why is it important?". NPR. Archived from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
701. ^ Farrell, Stephen (November 2023). "Who controls the Rafah crossing and why is it so important to Gaza?". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
702. ^ Gbadamosi, Nosmot (18 October 2023). "Why Egypt Won't Open Its Border With Gaza". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
703. ^ Carroll, Rory (2 November 2023). "Egypt says it will help evacuate about 7,000 foreign passport holders from Gaza". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
704. ^ Foy, Henry; Abboud, Leila; Mancini, Donato Paolo; England, Andrew (30 October 2023). "Israel's Netanyahu lobbied EU to pressure Egypt into accepting Gaza refugees". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
705. ^ a b c d Irwin, Lauren (18 October 2023). "Scotland's first minister says country willing to take Gaza refugees". The Hill. Archived from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
706. ^ Kasraoui, Safaa (17 October 2023). "King of Jordan on Palestine: 'No Refugees in Jordan, No Refugees in Egypt'". Morocco World News. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
707. ^ Murphy, Neil (17 October 2023). "Scotland's First Minister Humza Yousaf says UK should offer sanctuary for Gaza refugees". The National. Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
708. ^ a b "'Willing to be a place of sanctuary': Scotland First Minister says ready to welcome Gaza refugees". BI. 18 October 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
709. ^ Stepansky, Joseph (13 November 2023). "Dutch foreign minister says her country 'discussing' bringing wounded Palestinian children to Netherlands". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
710. ^ Suter, Tara (17 October 2024). "Haley argues Middle Eastern nations should take Gaza refugees". The Hill. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024.

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to Humanitarian crises of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war at Wikimedia Commons
* "A Humanitarian Crisis in the Gaza Strip", per UNICEF (30 October 2023)
* "Gaza: Unlawful Israeli Hospital Strikes Worsen Health Crisis", per Human Rights Watch (11 November 2023)
* UN relief chief: 'Intolerable' humanitarian situation in Gaza cannot continue, per UNOCHA (17 November 2023)
* "Analysis: How bad is the humanitarian crisis in Gaza amid the Israel-Hamas war?", per PBS (19 November 2023)
* "Inside a southern Gaza hospital: Screaming orphaned children, amputee toddlers and the stench of rotting flesh", per The Independent (7 December 2023)
* Interactive map of IDF attacks on healthcare facilities, per Forensic Architecture
* Know Their Names: Palestinian children killed in Israeli attacks on Gaza, per Al Jazeera (25 January 2024)

* v
* t
* e

Israel–Hamas war

* Timeline
* Outline

Engage-
ments|

| Hamas-led
attack on
Israel|

| Attacks on civilians|

* Netiv HaAsara
* Alumim
* Be'eri
* Elhanan Team
* Holit
* Kfar Aza
* Kissufim
* Nir Oz
* Nir Yitzhak
* Nahal Oz
* Nirim
* Nova music festival
* Death Shelters
* Psyduck music festival

|

Battles|

* Re'im
* Sderot
* Sufa
* Zikim
* Israeli female tank crew fight

General topics|

* Allegations of genocide
* Allegations of involvement of UNRWA employees
* Death Shelters
* Denial
* Sexual and gender-based violence
* "Screams Without Words"
* Bearing Witness
* Screams Before Silence

Israeli
invasion
of Gaza|

* Beit Hanoun
* Gaza City
* Khan Yunis
* Rafah
* Background

Attacks on
refugee camps|

* Jabalia
* 31 October
* Al-Shati
* Al-Shati and Tuffah dual airstrikes
* Al-Maghazi
* Tel al-Sultan attack
* Al-Mawasi (May)
* Nuseirat refugee camp massacre
* Al-Mawasi (June)
* Al-Shati (July)
* Deir el-Balah (August)
* Al-Mawasi (September)
* Al-Mawasi (December)
* Nuseirat (December)

Attacks on schools|

* Al-Fakhoora
* Shadia Abu Ghazala
* Al-Sardi
* Al-Awda
* Khadija
* Hamama
* Al-Tabaeen
* Al-Jawni
* Rufaida
* Abu Hussein

Attacks on
health facilities|

* Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion
* Al-Shifa Hospital siege
* alleged military use
* ambulance airstrike
* Gaza Strip mass graves
* Kamal Adwan Hospital sieges
* Killing of health workers
* Nasser Hospital siege
* Nasser Hospital mass graves
* 14 October 2024 Al-Aqsa Hospital attack

Other attacks|

* Airstrikes on municipal services in Gaza
* Attacks on religious sites
* Engineer's Building airstrike
* Rafah strikes
* Flour massacre
* Kuwait Roundabout mass killings
* Palestinians evacuating Gaza City
* World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack
* 9 July 2024 attacks
* 13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack
* Khan Yunis
* Deir al-Balah mosque
* Beit Lahia attacks
* Beit Lahia airstrike
* Kerem Shalom aid convoy looting

General topics|

* AI-assisted targeting
* Bombing of the Gaza Strip
* Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
* Environmental impact of the Israel–Hamas war
* Gaza genocide
* Israeli generals' plan
* Torture

Other
theaters|

* Israeli incursions in the West Bank
* 2024 Israeli military operation
* Killing of Benjamin Achimeir
* April 2024 Israeli settler rampages
* Lehi Street bombing
* Givat Shaul shooting
* Majdal Shams attack
* Tower 22 drone attack
* Israeli incursions in Tulkarm
* 2024 Masyaf raid
* 2024 Jaffa shooting
* 2024 Tulkarm Camp airstrike

Iran–Israel conflict|

* Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus
* Iranian strikes in Israel
* April 2024
* October 2024
* Israeli strikes on Iran
* April 2024
* October 2024
* Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh

Israel–Hezbollah conflict
(Timeline)|

* Attacks on journalists
* Lebanese displacement
* Assassinations
* Hezbollah headquarters
* Fuad Shukr
* Ibrahim Aqil
* Saleh al-Arouri
* August 2024 Nabatieh attack
* August 2024 Israel–Lebanon strikes
* 2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks
* September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon
* Israeli invasion of Lebanon
* ceasefire
* Israeli attacks on the Lebanese health sector
* Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon

Red Sea crisis
(Timeline)|

* Operation Prosperity Guardian
* Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou
* 2024 missile strikes in Yemen
* Marlin Luanda missile strike
* 2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel
* Israeli attack on Yemen (July 2024)
* Attacks on the Sounion
* Israeli attacks on Yemen (September 2024)

Hostages|

* Hostage–prisoner exchange
* Kidnapped from Israel
* Hostages and Missing Families Forum
* Hostages Square

Captive|

* Bibas family
* Oded Lifshitz
* Naama Levy

Rescued|

* Operation Golden Hand
* Ori Megidish
* Nuseirat operation
* Noa Argamani
* Rescue of Qaid Farhan Al-Qadi

Released|

* Rachel Edry
* Yarden Roman-Gat
* Mia Schem

Deceased|

* Alex Dancyg
* Hersh Goldberg-Polin
* Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka

General
topics|

* Ceasefire
* COGAT
* Dahiya doctrine
* Effect on children in Gaza
* Hannibal Directive
* Humanitarian aid
* International recognition of the State of Palestine
* Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)
* Israeli interrogations
* Queer advocacy in the Israel–Hamas war
* Women
* Wikipedia

Historical context|

* Arab–Israeli conflict
* International law
* Background to the Israel–Hamas war
* Blockade of the Gaza Strip
* Palestinian freedom of movement
* Gaza–Israel conflict
* Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip
* Human rights violations
* Human shields
* Israeli demolition of Palestinian property
* Israeli settlement
* Legality of Israeli settlements
* Israeli outpost
* Israeli settler violence
* Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip
* Palestinian rocket attacks
* Palestinian tunnel warfare
* anti-tunnel barrier
* Israeli assassinations
* Women

Effects|

* Calls for the destruction of Israel
* Israeli government response
* Israeli war cabinet
* Mass detentions
* Economic impact
* Environment impact in Gaza
* Evacuations
* Gaza Strip evacuations
* Humanitarian crisis
* Gaza floating pier
* Healthcare collapse
* Premature baby crisis
* Famine
* Societal breakdown
* Israeli public diplomacy
* Media coverage
* Violence against journalists
* Misinformation
* Pallywood
* Palestinian genocide accusation
* United States complicity
* Sexual violence against Palestinians
* War crimes
* Hamas
* Israeli
* Cemetery destruction and necroviolence
* Israeli torture in the occupied territories
* Proposed Israeli resettlement of Gaza

Reactions|

* Calls for a ceasefire
* Three-phase proposal
* September 2024 Israel hostage deal protests
* Diplomatic impact
* University donors
* European Union
* Islamic Summit Conference
* Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit
* Hurmat-e-Masjid Aqsa Conference
* Cancellation of the 2023 MTV EMA
* Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip
* 2024 Beijing Declaration

Military aid|

* US support for Israel
* UK support for Israel

Discrimination|

* Antisemitism
* Riots in the North Caucasus
* Anti-Palestinianism
* Islamophobia
* Violent incidents
* Killing of Wadea al-Fayoume
* Death of Paul Kessler
* Vermont student shooting

Protests|

* University campuses
* Columbia
* Sciences Po
* UCLA
* France
* March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism
* Indonesia
* 2023 Bitung clashes
* Israel
* Humanitarian aid blockade
* Spain
* 2024 pro-Palestinian strike
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Artists4Ceasefire
* DNC protests
* March on Washington for Gaza
* March for Israel
* National March on Washington: Free Palestine
* Protest votes
* Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell
* Pakistan
* D-Chowk Dharna
* 2024 Faizabad sit-in

UN resolutions|

* A/RES/ES-10/21
* S/RES/2712
* A/RES/ES-10/22
* S/RES/2720
* S/RES/2728
* A/RES/ES-10/23
* S/RES/2735
* A/RES/ES-10/24

UN inquiry|

* Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory
* War crimes and crimes against humanity report

Global courts|

* South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)
* Nicaragua v. Germany
* Legal Consequences of Israeli Policies and Practices
* ICC investigation in Palestine
* Arrest warrants

Courts|

* Defense for Children International – Palestine v. Biden

Casualties|

| Israel|

| Security forces|

* Alim Abdallah
* Yitzhak Ben-Bashat
* Jayar Davidov
* Eli Ginsberg
* Salman Habaka
* Asaf Hamami
* Yitzhar Hofman
* Roi Levy
* Izhar Peled
* Yonatan Steinberg
* Ehsan Daxa

|

Civilians|

* Lior Asulin
* Yuval Castleman
* Hayim Katsman
* Ofir Libstein
* Shani Louk
* Aner Shapira
* Vivian Silver
* Yahav Winner

Palestine|

| Hamas|

* Ismail Haniyeh
* Yahya Sinwar
* Saleh al-Arouri
* Abdul Fatah Dukhan
* Mohammed Dababish
* Wissam Farhat
* Ahmed Ghandour
* Mohammed Deif
* Marwan Issa
* Fursan Khalifa
* Rafa Salama
* Osama Mazini
* Ayman Nofal
* Jamila al-Shanti
* Ali Al Qadi
* Alaa Shreiteh
* Faiq Al-Mabhouh

|

Other
militants|

* Fouad Abu Butihan
* Jihad Shehadeh

Civilians|

* Tawfic Abdel Jabbar
* Majed Abu Maraheel
* Hiba Abu Nada
* Refaat Alareer
* Hammam Alloh
* Nahida and Samar Anton
* Ibrahim al-Astal
* Ahmad Bahar
* Mohammed Barakat
* Mohammad Bhar
* David Ben Avraham
* Adnan al-Bursh
* Rashid Dabour
* Mohamed al-Dalou
* Awni El-Dous
* Omar Ferwana
* Fathi Ghaben
* Ihab al-Ghussein
* Medo Halimy
* Sidra Hassouna
* Yazan al-Kafarneh
* Mohammad Khdour
* Hani Al-Masdar
* Ibrahim Qusaya
* Hind Rajab
* Mohammed Shabir
* Rashad Abu Sakhila
* Omar Abu Shawish
* Sufian Tayeh
* Wael Al Zard
* Talal Abu Zarifa
* Shaban al-Dalou
* Mahasen al-Khateeb
* Nagham Abu Samra

Spillover|

* Saleh al-Arouri
* Ali Hussein Barji
* Waibhav Anil Kale
* Razi Mousavi
* Wissam al-Tawil
* Sadegh Omidzadeh
* Mushtaq Talib Al-Saeedi
* Mohammad Reza Zahedi
* Fuad Shukr
* Ibrahim Aqil
* Hassan Nasrallah
* Ali Karaki
* Nabil Qaouk
* Abbas Nilforoushan
* Fatah Sharif
* Hashem Safieddine
* Mohammad Afif

Journalists|

* Issam Abdallah
* Samer Abu Daqqa
* Ismail al-Ghoul
* Belal Jadallah

General topics|

* Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* Friendly fire

Related
people|

| Israelis|

* Nimrod Aloni
* Rachel Goldberg-Polin
* Eitan Okun
* Yagel Oshri
* Inbal Rabin-Lieberman
* Amir Tibon

|

Palestinians|

* Wael Al-Dahdouh
* Plestia Alaqad
* Motaz Azaiza
* Bisan Owda
* Mustafa Moien Ayyash

Other
topics|

* 2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal
* Ahmed Abdel Khalek
* Al-Saqqa House
* Al Qarara Cultural Museum
* "All Eyes on Rafah"
* Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Israel–Hamas war
* Blockout 2024
* Central Archives of Gaza City
* Bearing Witness
* "From the river to the sea"
* Gaza Daily
* "Harbu Darbu"
* "Hind's Hall"
* "Hurricane"
* Israeli demolition of Palestinian property
* "Leve Palestina"
* Palestine exception
* Palestinian sports during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
* "Options for a policy regarding Gaza's civilian population"
* Project Nimbus
* "Rajieen"

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Human rights in the Middle East

Middle East|

* Bahrain
* Cyprus
* Northern Cyprus
* Egypt
* Iran
* Pahlavi Iran
* Islamic Iran
* Iraq
* Pre-Saddam
* Ba'ath era
* Post-Saddam
* Iraqi Kurdistan
* Israel
* Palestinians
* Jordan
* Kuwait
* Lebanon
* Oman
* Palestine
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* Syria
* Ba'ath era
* Rojava
* Syrian civil war
* Turkey
* United Arab Emirates
* Dubai
* Yemen
* Yemeni civil war

Aspects|

* Academic freedom
* Arbitrary arrest and detention
* Capital punishment
* Crimes against humanity
* Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
* Democracy
* Freedom of religion
* Irreligion
* Human right to water and sanitation
* Human trafficking
* Kafala system
* LGBT rights
* Murder
* Racism
* Antisemitism
* Right to a fair trial
* Right to development
* Right to health
* Status of women
* Torture
* Women's suffrage, timeline
* Male guardianship

NGOs|

| Pan-Arab|

* Arabic Network for Human Rights Information
* Arab Commission for Human Rights

|

National|

* Kurdish Human Rights Project
* Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights
* Defenders of Human Rights Center
* B'Tselem
* Al Mezan Center for Human Rights
* Association Najdeh
* al-Marsad
* Saudi Arabia: HRFS (founded 2002)
* APDWRSA (2007)
* ACPRA (2009)
* SDC (2011)
* ESOHR (2013)
* ALQST (2014)

GONGOs|

* Saudi Arabia: NSHR (2004)

See also|

* Collective punishment
* Humanitarian crisis in Gaza
* Human rights in Asia
* Human rights in Muslim-majority countries
* Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel
* Israel and apartheid
* Sahrawi Association of Victims
* Association Marocaine des Droits Humaine

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template