General manager

Oversees a firm's day-to-day business operations

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A general manager (GM) is an executive who has overall responsibility for managing both the revenue and cost elements of a company's income statement, known as profit & loss (P&L) responsibility. A general manager usually oversees most or all of the firm's marketing and sales functions as well as the day-to-day operations of the business. Frequently, the general manager is responsible for effective planning, delegating, coordinating, staffing, organizing, and decision making to attain desirable profit making results for an organization.[1]

In many cases, the general manager of a business is given a different formal title or titles. Most corporate managers holding the titles of chief executive officer (CEO) or president, for example, are the general managers of their respective businesses. More rarely, the chief financial officer (CFO), chief operating officer (COO), or chief marketing officer (CMO) will act as the general manager of the business. Depending on the company, individuals with the title managing director, regional vice president, country manager, product manager, branch manager, or segment manager may also have general management responsibilities. In large companies, many vice presidents will have the title of general manager when they have the full set of responsibility for the function in that particular area of the business and are often titled vice president and general manager.

In consumer products companies, general managers are often given the title brand manager or category manager. In professional services firms, the general manager may hold titles such as managing partner, senior partner, or managing director.

## Industry-specific usages

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### Hotels

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Main article: Hotel manager

In the hotel industry, the general manager is the head executive responsible for the overall operation of an individual hotel establishment including financial profitability. The general manager holds ultimate managerial authority over the hotel operation and usually reports directly to a regional vice president, corporate office, and/or hotel ownership/investors.

Some of the common duties of a general manager include are hiring and the management of an executive team, which consists of individual department heads, who oversee various hotel departments and functions, budgeting and financial management; creating and enforcing hotel business objectives and goals; sales management; marketing management; revenue management; project management; contract management; handling of emergencies and other major issues involving guests, employees, or the facility; public relations; labor relations; local government relations; and maintaining business partnerships.

The extent of duties of an individual hotel general manager vary significantly depending on the size of the hotel and company organization; for example, general managers of smaller boutique-type hotels may be directly responsible for additional administrative duties such as accounting, human resources, payroll, purchasing, and other duties that would normally be handled by other subordinate managers or entire departments and divisions in a larger hotel operation.

### Sports teams

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See also: General manager (American football), General manager (baseball), General manager (basketball), List of National Hockey League general managers, and Sports management

In most professional sports, the general manager is the team executive responsible for acquiring the rights to player personnel, negotiating their contracts, and reassigning or dismissing players no longer desired on the team. The general manager may also have responsibility for hiring and firing the head coach of the team.

For many years in U.S. professional sports, coaches often served as general managers for their teams as well, deciding which players would be kept on the team and which ones dismissed, and even negotiating the terms of their contracts in cooperation with the ownership of the team. In fact, many sports teams in the early years of U.S. professional sports were coached by the owner of the team, so in some cases the same individual served as owner, general manager and head coach.

As the amount of money involved in professional sports increased, many prominent players began to hire agents to negotiate contracts on their behalf. This intensified contract negotiations to ensure that player contracts are in accordance with salary caps, as well as being consistent with the desires of the team's ownership and its ability to pay.

General Managers are usually responsible for the selection of players in player drafts and work with the coaching staff and scouts to build a strong team. In sports with developmental or minor leagues, the general manager is usually the team executive with the overall responsibility for "sending down" and "calling up" players to and from these leagues, although the head coach may also have significant input into these decisions.

Some of the most successful sports general managers have been former players and coaches, while others have backgrounds in ownership and business management.

The term is not commonly used in Europe, especially in football, where the position of manager or coach is used instead to refer to the managing/coaching position. The position of director of football might be the most similar position on many European football clubs.

## See also

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* Business manager
* Hotel management
* Hospitality management studies
* Managing Director
* Sports Illustrated Top 10 GMs/Executives of the Decade (in all sports) (2009)
* Sporting News Executive of the Year (MLB)
* Sporting News NFL Executive of the Year Award (NFL)
* NBA Executive of the Year Award
* Jim Gregory General Manager of the Year Award (NHL)
* National Lacrosse League GM of the Year Award

## References

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Wikiquote has quotations related to manager.

1. ^ Sayles, Leonard (1979). Leadership. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. p. 6. ISBN 0-07-055012-3.

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Major League Baseball general managers by team

AL|

| East|

* Mike Elias (Baltimore Orioles)
* Vacant (Boston Red Sox)
* Brian Cashman (New York Yankees)
* Peter Bendix (Tampa Bay Rays)
* Ross Atkins (Toronto Blue Jays)

|

Central|

* Chris Getz (Chicago White Sox)
* Mike Chernoff (Cleveland Guardians)
* Jeff Greenberg (Detroit Tigers)
* J. J. Picollo (Kansas City Royals)
* Thad Levine (Minnesota Twins)

West|

* Dana Brown (Houston Astros)
* Perry Minasian (Los Angeles Angels)
* David Forst (Oakland Athletics)
* Justin Hollander (Seattle Mariners)
* Chris Young (Texas Rangers)

NL|

| East|

* Alex Anthopoulos (Atlanta Braves)
* Vacant (Miami Marlins)
* Vacant (New York Mets)
* Sam Fuld (Philadelphia Phillies)
* Mike Rizzo (Washington Nationals)

|

Central|

* Carter Hawkins (Chicago Cubs)
* Brad Meador (Cincinnati Reds)
* Matt Arnold (Milwaukee Brewers)
* Ben Cherington (Pittsburgh Pirates)
* Mike Girsch (St. Louis Cardinals)

West|

* Mike Hazen (Arizona Diamondbacks)
* Bill Schmidt (Colorado Rockies)
* Brandon Gomes (Los Angeles Dodgers)
* A. J. Preller (San Diego Padres)
* Pete Putila (San Francisco Giants)

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NBA general managers and heads of basketball operations

Eastern
Conference|

| Atlantic|

* Brad Stevens (Boston Celtics)
* Sean Marks (Brooklyn Nets)
* Leon Rose (New York Knicks)
* Daryl Morey (Philadelphia 76ers)
* Masai Ujiri (Toronto Raptors)

|

Central|

* Artūras Karnišovas (Chicago Bulls)
* Koby Altman (Cleveland Cavaliers)
* Trajan Langdon (Detroit Pistons)
* Kevin Pritchard (Indiana Pacers)
* Jon Horst (Milwaukee Bucks)

Southeast|

* Landry Fields (Atlanta Hawks)
* Jeff Peterson (Charlotte Hornets)
* Pat Riley (Miami Heat)
* Jeff Weltman (Orlando Magic)
* Michael Winger (Washington Wizards)

Western
Conference|

| Northwest|

* Calvin Booth (Denver Nuggets)
* Tim Connelly (Minnesota Timberwolves)
* Sam Presti (Oklahoma City Thunder)
* Joe Cronin (Portland Trail Blazers)
* Danny Ainge (Utah Jazz)

|

Pacific|

* Mike Dunleavy Jr. (Golden State Warriors)
* Lawrence Frank (Los Angeles Clippers)
* Rob Pelinka (Los Angeles Lakers)
* James Jones (Phoenix Suns)
* Monte McNair (Sacramento Kings)

Southwest|

* Mark Cuban (Dallas Mavericks)
* Rafael Stone (Houston Rockets)
* Zach Kleiman (Memphis Grizzlies)
* David Griffin (New Orleans Pelicans)
* R.C. Buford (San Antonio Spurs)

Note: Those listed here hold one or more of the titles President, President of Basketball Operations, Vice President of Basketball Operations, Chief Executive Officer, or General Manager and in each case have final say in personnel decisions.

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NFL general managers

American Football Conference

| AFC East| AFC North| AFC South| AFC West

|
|
|

* Brandon Beane (Buffalo Bills)
* Chris Grier (Miami Dolphins)
* Eliot Wolf* (New England Patriots)
* Joe Douglas (New York Jets)

* Eric DeCosta (Baltimore Ravens)
* Duke Tobin* (Cincinnati Bengals)
* Andrew Berry (Cleveland Browns)
* Omar Khan (Pittsburgh Steelers)

* Nick Caserio (Houston Texans)
* Chris Ballard (Indianapolis Colts)
* Trent Baalke (Jacksonville Jaguars)
* Ran Carthon (Tennessee Titans)

* George Paton (Denver Broncos)
* Brett Veach (Kansas City Chiefs)
* Tom Telesco (Las Vegas Raiders)
* Joe Hortiz (Los Angeles Chargers)

National Football Conference

| NFC East| NFC North| NFC South| NFC West

|
|
|

* Jerry Jones* (Dallas Cowboys)
* Joe Schoen (New York Giants)
* Howie Roseman (Philadelphia Eagles)
* Adam Peters (Washington Commanders)

* Ryan Poles (Chicago Bears)
* Brad Holmes (Detroit Lions)
* Brian Gutekunst (Green Bay Packers)
* Kwesi Adofo-Mensah (Minnesota Vikings)

* Terry Fontenot (Atlanta Falcons)
* Dan Morgan (Carolina Panthers)
* Mickey Loomis (New Orleans Saints)
* Jason Licht (Tampa Bay Buccaneers)

* Monti Ossenfort (Arizona Cardinals)
* Les Snead (Los Angeles Rams)
* John Lynch (San Francisco 49ers)
* John Schneider (Seattle Seahawks)

* Asterisk (*) denotes a de facto general manager, performing GM duties either under a different title or in addition to other roles

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General managers of the National Hockey League

Pacific|

* Pat Verbeek (Anaheim)
* Craig Conroy (Calgary)
* Stan Bowman (Edmonton)
* Rob Blake (Los Angeles)
* Mike Grier (San Jose)
* Ron Francis (Seattle)
* Patrik Allvin (Vancouver)
* Kelly McCrimmon (Vegas)

Central|

* Kyle Davidson (Chicago)
* Chris MacFarland (Colorado)
* Jim Nill (Dallas)
* Bill Guerin (Minnesota)
* Barry Trotz (Nashville)
* Doug Armstrong (St. Louis)
* Bill Armstrong (Utah)
* Kevin Cheveldayoff (Winnipeg)

Atlantic|

* Don Sweeney (Boston)
* Kevyn Adams (Buffalo)
* Steve Yzerman (Detroit)
* Bill Zito (Florida)
* Kent Hughes (Montreal)
* Steve Staios (Ottawa)
* Julien BriseBois (Tampa Bay)
* Brad Treliving (Toronto)

Metropolitan|

* Eric Tulsky (Carolina)
* Don Waddell (Columbus)
* Tom Fitzgerald (New Jersey)
* Lou Lamoriello (N.Y. Islanders)
* Chris Drury (N.Y. Rangers)
* Daniel Briere (Philadelphia)
* Kyle Dubas (Pittsburgh)
* Chris Patrick (Washington)

* Defunct teams: Arizona Coyotes (inactive)
* Atlanta Flames
* Atlanta Thrashers
* California Golden Seals
* Cleveland Barons
* Colorado Rockies
* Hartford Whalers
* Kansas City Scouts
* Minnesota North Stars
* Quebec Nordiques
* Winnipeg Jets (1972–96)

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Types|

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Tourism

Types|

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Hospitality industry|

* Bed and breakfast
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* Heuhotel
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Terminology|

* College tour
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Travel literature|

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Trade associations|

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