Genocides Involving the Ottoman Empire

A reference page of compiled information, primarily from List of genocides, specifically for Ottoman Empire.

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## Genocides Involving the Ottoman Empire[edit]

Armenian Genocide

Assyrian Genocide

Greek Genocide

Pontic Greek Genocide

Genocide in Diyarbekir

Hamidian Armenian Massacres

### Non-Genocide Massacres[edit]

Massacres of Diyarbekir (1895)

Adana massacre

Massacres during the Greek War of Independence

Constantinople massacre of 1821

Further information: List of massacres in Turkey § Ottoman Empire

## Genocides Involving but Not Committed or Instigated by the Ottoman Empire[edit]

### Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars[edit]

Main article: Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars

See also: First Balkan War § Atrocities and migrations, Massacres of Albanians in World War I, Second Balkan War, Balkan Wars, Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction § Balkan Wars, and Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction § World War I and the Turkish War of Independence

The Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars occurred in certain Vilayets (Ottoman Turkish for "province") within the Ottoman Empire, specifically Scutari (Vilayet), Kosovo (Vilayet), and Manastir (Vilayet). These Vilayets were geographically part of a larger conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, and Montenegro.

The massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars were not primarily committed by the Ottoman Empire, though some Ottoman military members were involved in its commission, the primary actors were the Serbian Army, Montenegrin Ground Army, and Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army.

### Circassian Genocide[edit]

Main article: Circassian genocide

See also: Russian conquest of the Caucasus, Russian–Kumyk Wars, and History of the Russo-Turkish wars

Circassia (North of the Ottoman Empire, across the Black Sea; Present day Russia) and the Ottoman Empire fought alongside one another in the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829). After their defeat, the Treaty of Adrianople (1829) was signed, granting the Russian Empire additional territory around Circassia. Part of the treaty of established that the Ottoman Empire would cede Circassia to the Russian Empire; however, Circassia was an independent state - not under the control of the Ottoman Empire - and did not agree to ceding their land to the Russian Empire.

The Circassian Genocide occurred in Circassia during the 1860s in the late stages and aftermath of the Russo-Circassian War (1763–1864) (part of the Caucasian War) and was committed by the Russian Empire (c. 1721–1917).

In the late stages and aftermath of the Caucasian War (c. 1817–1864) the indigenous population of the North Caucus region, primarily Islamic Circassians, were transferred or relocated to the Ottoman Empire (among other locations).

## Dissolution and Current Territory[edit]

See also: Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire, Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, and Aftermath of World War I § Ottoman Empire

After the Central Powers (which the Ottoman Empire was a part of) lost World War I in 1918, internal political discourse and Occupation by Allied Powers resulted in the dissolution, collapse, and partitioning of the Ottoman Empire's territories.

From 1919 to 1922, Turkish Nationalists fought the Turkish War of Independence which ended with the Lausanne Conference of 1922–1923, the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. Though the former Ottoman Empire's territories are controlled by a number of modern states, the Republic of Turkey is seen as the successor state to the Ottoman Empire (see History of Turkey and History of the Republic of Turkey).

Presently, the territories of the former empire comprise (in part or in whole) Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1][2][3]

## Modern Acts by the Republic of Turkey[edit]

See also: Turkish war crimes

* Criticism of Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War and War crimes in the Syrian civil war
* War Crimes and human rights violations during the Turkish Invasion of Cyprus
* Involvement in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
* Block of Wikipedia in Turkey

### Genocide Denial[edit]

Main article: Genocide denial § Turkey

Further information: Armenian genocide recognition, Armenian genocide § Turkey, Armenian genocide denial, Circassian genocide § Turkey, Sayfo § Denial and justification, Greek genocide § Reasons for limited recognition, and Pontic Greek genocide § Recognition of the genocide

See also: Historical negationism

## See also[edit]

* Outline of the Greek genocide
* Anti-Assyrian sentiment
* Anti-Armenian sentiment in Turkey and Anti-Armenian sentiment
* Late Ottoman genocides
* Population transfer in the Ottoman Empire
* Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
* War crime
* War crimes in World War I
* List of massacres in Turkey
* Genocide
* Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
* Armenians in Turkey
* Armenian question
* Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915
* 1894 Sasun rebellion
* Great Eastern Crisis
* Eastern question
* Denial of Kurds by Turkey and Kurdish–Turkish conflict
* List of genocides

## References[edit]

1. ^ "How did the Ottoman Empire end?". Encyclopedia Britannica. Britannica. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
2. ^ "The Ottoman Empire". The Met. The Met Museum. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
3. ^ "Ottoman Empire Borders Versus Modern-Day Borders". Geopolitical Futures. Retrieved 5 April 2024.

## External links[edit]

* Media related to Genocides Involving the Ottoman Empire at Wikimedia Commons

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