Geography of the Solomon Islands

Geography of Solomon Islands

Continent| Pacific Ocean
Region| Oceania
Coordinates| 8°00′S 159°00′E﻿ / ﻿8.000°S 159.000°E﻿ / -8.000; 159.000
Area| Ranked 139th
• Total| 29,000[1][2] km2 (11,000 sq mi)
• Land| 96.8%
• Water| 3.2%
Coastline| 5,313 km (3,301 mi)
Borders| None
Highest point| Mount Popomanaseu
2,332 metres (7,651 ft)
Lowest point| Pacific Ocean
0 m
Exclusive economic zone| 1,589,477 km2 (613,701 sq mi)

Solomon Islands is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean, that lies east of Papua New Guinea.

## Islands

[edit]

Further information: List of islands of Solomon Islands

The major part of the nation of Solomon Islands is the mountainous volcanic islands of the Solomon Islands (archipelago), which includes Choiseul, the Shortland Islands, the New Georgia Islands, Santa Isabel, the Russell Islands, the Florida Islands, Tulagi, Malaita, Maramasike, Ulawa, Owaraha (Santa Ana), Makira (San Cristobal), and the main island of Guadalcanal. (The largest island in the archipelago is Bougainville, but it is politically an autonomous region of the neighbouring country of Papua New Guinea.) Solomon Islands also includes isolated low-lying atolls and volcanic islands such as Sikaiana, Rennell Island, Bellona Island, the Santa Cruz Islands and the remote, tiny outliers, Tikopia, Anuta, and Fatutaka.

The distance between the most western and most eastern islands is about 1,500 km (930 mi). Especially the Santa Cruz Islands, north of Vanuatu, are isolated at more than 200 km (120 mi) from the other islands. The total land size is 29,000 km2 (11,000 sq mi).[3][4] It has the 22nd largest Exclusive Economic Zone of 1,589,477 km2 (613,701 sq mi).

## Geology and ecology

[edit]

Further information: Solomon Islands rain forests

See also: Protected areas of Solomon Islands and Coral reefs of the Solomon Islands

Share of forest area in total land area, top countries (2021). The Solomon Islands have the sixth highest percentage of forest cover in the world.

Volcanoes with varying degrees of activity are situated on some of the larger islands, while many of the smaller islands are simply tiny atolls covered in sand and palm trees.

The baseline survey of marine biodiversity in the Solomon Islands that was carried out in 2004,[5] found 474 species of corals in the Solomons as well as nine species which could be new to science. This is the second highest diversity of corals in the World, second only to the Raja Ampat Islands in eastern Indonesia.[6]

## Climate

[edit]

Further information: Climate change in the Pacific Islands

The climate is tropical, though temperatures are rarely extreme due to cooling winds blowing off the surrounding seas. Daytime temperatures are normally 25 to 32 °C (77 to 90 °F). From April to October (the dry season), the southeast trade winds blow, gusting at times up to 30 knots (56 km/h) or more.

November to March is the wet season--the northwest monsoon--typically warmer and wetter. Cyclones arise in the Coral Sea and the area of the Solomon Islands, but they usually veer toward Vanuatu and New Caledonia or down the coast of Australia.

### Climate data

[edit]

Climate data for Honiara (Köppen Af)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 33.9
(93.0)  | 36.1
(97.0)  | 33.9
(93.0)  | 33.4
(92.1)  | 33.6
(92.5)  | 32.8
(91.0)  | 33.3
(91.9)  | 33.5
(92.3)  | 33.4
(92.1)  | 33.3
(91.9)  | 33.4
(92.1)  | 34.8
(94.6)  | 34.8
(94.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 30.7
(87.3)  | 30.5
(86.9)  | 30.2
(86.4)  | 30.5
(86.9)  | 30.7
(87.3)  | 30.4
(86.7)  | 30.1
(86.2)  | 30.4
(86.7)  | 30.6
(87.1)  | 30.7
(87.3)  | 30.7
(87.3)  | 30.5
(86.9)  | 30.5
(86.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 26.7
(80.1)  | 26.6
(79.9)  | 26.6
(79.9)  | 26.5
(79.7)  | 26.6
(79.9)  | 26.4
(79.5)  | 26.1
(79.0)  | 26.2
(79.2)  | 26.5
(79.7)  | 26.5
(79.7)  | 26.7
(80.1)  | 26.8
(80.2)  | 26.5
(79.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 23.0
(73.4)  | 23.0
(73.4)  | 23.0
(73.4)  | 22.9
(73.2)  | 22.8
(73.0)  | 22.5
(72.5)  | 22.2
(72.0)  | 22.1
(71.8)  | 22.3
(72.1)  | 22.5
(72.5)  | 22.7
(72.9)  | 23.0
(73.4)  | 22.7
(72.9)
Record low °C (°F)  | 20.2
(68.4)  | 20.7
(69.3)  | 20.7
(69.3)  | 20.1
(68.2)  | 20.5
(68.9)  | 19.4
(66.9)  | 18.7
(65.7)  | 18.8
(65.8)  | 18.3
(64.9)  | 17.6
(63.7)  | 17.8
(64.0)  | 20.5
(68.9)  | 17.6
(63.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 277
(10.9)  | 287
(11.3)  | 362
(14.3)  | 214
(8.4)  | 141
(5.6)  | 97
(3.8)  | 100
(3.9)  | 92
(3.6)  | 95
(3.7)  | 154
(6.1)  | 141
(5.6)  | 217
(8.5)  | 2,177
(85.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 19  | 19  | 23  | 18  | 15  | 13  | 15  | 13  | 13  | 16  | 15  | 18  | 197
Average relative humidity (%)  | 80  | 81  | 81  | 80  | 80  | 79  | 75  | 73  | 73  | 75  | 76  | 77  | 78
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 186.0  | 155.4  | 198.4  | 192.0  | 210.8  | 198.0  | 186.0  | 204.6  | 192.0  | 226.3  | 216.0  | 164.3  | 2,329.8
Mean daily sunshine hours | 6.0  | 5.5  | 6.4  | 6.4  | 6.8  | 6.6  | 6.0  | 6.6  | 6.4  | 7.3  | 7.2  | 5.3  | 6.4
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[7]

Climate data for Yandina (Köppen Af)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 31
(88)  | 31
(88)  | 31
(87)  | 31
(88)  | 31
(87)  | 30
(86)  | 30
(86)  | 31
(87)  | 30
(86)  | 30
(86)  | 31
(87)  | 31
(88)  | 31
(87)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 24
(75)  | 24
(75)  | 23
(74)  | 23
(74)  | 23
(73)  | 24
(75)  | 23
(74)  | 24
(75)  | 24
(75)  | 23
(74)  | 24
(75)  | 24
(75)  | 24
(75)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 290
(11.4)  | 370
(14.6)  | 610
(24.1)  | 130
(5.2)  | 230
(9)  | 110
(4.5)  | 280
(11)  | 150
(6)  | 150
(5.8)  | 170
(6.8)  | 310
(12.4)  | 210
(8.4)  | 3,030
(119.1)
Source: Weatherbase [8]

Climate data for Gizo (Köppen Af)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 30.9
(87.6)  | 30.8
(87.4)  | 30.7
(87.3)  | 30.4
(86.7)  | 30.4
(86.7)  | 29.9
(85.8)  | 29.2
(84.6)  | 29.3
(84.7)  | 29.8
(85.6)  | 30.5
(86.9)  | 30.8
(87.4)  | 31.0
(87.8)  | 30.3
(86.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 27.4
(81.3)  | 27.3
(81.1)  | 27.2
(81.0)  | 27.0
(80.6)  | 27.1
(80.8)  | 26.7
(80.1)  | 26.3
(79.3)  | 26.2
(79.2)  | 26.6
(79.9)  | 27.0
(80.6)  | 27.2
(81.0)  | 27.4
(81.3)  | 26.9
(80.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 23.9
(75.0)  | 23.8
(74.8)  | 23.8
(74.8)  | 23.7
(74.7)  | 23.8
(74.8)  | 23.5
(74.3)  | 23.4
(74.1)  | 23.2
(73.8)  | 23.4
(74.1)  | 23.5
(74.3)  | 23.7
(74.7)  | 23.8
(74.8)  | 23.6
(74.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 413
(16.3)  | 353
(13.9)  | 385
(15.2)  | 292
(11.5)  | 272
(10.7)  | 258
(10.2)  | 367
(14.4)  | 285
(11.2)  | 267
(10.5)  | 247
(9.7)  | 246
(9.7)  | 284
(11.2)  | 3,669
(144.5)
Source: Climate-Data.org[9]

## Statistics

[edit]

Solomon Islands in relation to the rest of Oceania.

Geographic coordinates: 8°00′S 159°00′E﻿ / ﻿8.000°S 159.000°E﻿ / -8.000; 159.000

Area:
total: 29,000 km2 (11,000 sq mi)[10][11]
land: 27,986 km2 (10,805 sq mi)
water: 1,014 km2 (392 sq mi)

Coastline: 5,313 km

Maritime claims:
Measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
continental shelf: 200 nmi (230 mi; 370 km)
exclusive economic zone: 1,589,477 km2 (613,701 sq mi) (200 nmi)
territorial sea: 12 nmi (14 mi; 22 km)

Terrain: Mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls

Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mount Popomanaseu 2,332 m (7,651 ft) (not Mount Makarakomburu)

Natural resources: fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel

Land use:
arable land: 0.62%
permanent crops: 2.04%
other: 97.34% (2005)

Irrigated land: NA

Natural hazards: Tropical cyclones, heavy rain, floods, tsunamis; earthquakes; volcanic activity

Environment – current issues: Deforestation; soil erosion; much of the surrounding coral reefs are dead or dying

Environment – international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling

## Extreme points

[edit]

This is a list of the extreme points of Solomon Islands, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.

* Northernmost point – Ontong Java Atoll, Malaita Province
* Easternmost point – Fatutaka, Santa Cruz Islands, Temotu Province
* Southernmost point – South Reef, Indispensable Reef, Rennell and Bellona Province
* Westernmost point – Mono Island, Treasury Islands, Western Province

## See also

[edit]

* List of mammals of the Solomon Islands archipelago
* Provinces of Solomon Islands

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Solomon Islands: Geography". CIA Factbook. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
2. ^ "Solomon Islands country profile". BBC News. 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
3. ^ "Solomon Islands: Geography". CIA Factbook. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
4. ^ "Solomon Islands country profile". BBC News. 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
5. ^ Turak, E. with Green, A., P. Lokani, W. Atu, P. Ramohia, P. Thomas and J. Almany (eds.). (2006). Solomon Islands Marine Assessment: Technical report of survey conducted May 13 to June 17, 2004. TNC Pacific Island Countries Report No. 1/06 (PDF) (Report). DC: World Resources Institute. pp. 65–109. Retrieved 31 March 2021.`{{cite report}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
6. ^ Doubilet, David (2007). Ultra Marine: In far eastern Indonesia, the Raja Ampat islands embrace a phenomenal coral wilderness. National Geographic, September 2007. Originally retrieved from http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/09/indonesia/doubilet-text. Archived on 2008-04-09 at https://web.archive.org/web/20080409084522/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/09/indonesia/doubilet-text.
7. ^ "Klimatafel von Honiara / Insel Guadalcanal / Salomonen" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
8. ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Yandina, Solomon Islands". Weatherbase. 2011. Retrieved on November 24, 2011.
9. ^ "Climate: Ghizo". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
10. ^ "Solomon Islands: Geography". CIA Factbook. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
11. ^ "Solomon Islands country profile". BBC News. 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.

* v
* t
* e

Solomon Islands articles

History|

* British Solomon Islands
* Colonial governors
* World War II
* Japanese occupation
* Solomon Islands campaign
* Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI)
* Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Geography|

* Islands
* Mountains
* Populated places
* Protected areas
* Provinces
* Rain forests
* Rivers
* Volcanoes
* Wildlife

Politics|

* Cabinet
* Elections
* Foreign relations
* Governor-General
* Human rights
* LGBT
* Judiciary
* Monarchy
* Parliament (Building)
* Political parties
* Prime Minister

Economy|

* Central bank
* Currency
* Telecommunications
* Transport

Society|

* Demographics
* Ethnic groups
* Languages
* Religion
* Squatting

Culture|

* Anthem
* Big man (anthropology)
* Coat of arms
* Cuisine
* Dance
* Flag
* Literature
* Media
* Music
* Public holidays
* Sport

* Outline

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Geography of Oceania

Sovereign states|

* Australia
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Fiji
* Indonesia
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* New Zealand
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Timor-Leste
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu

Associated states
of New Zealand|

* Cook Islands
* Niue

Dependencies
and other territories|

* American Samoa
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Easter Island
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* New Caledonia
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Pitcairn Islands
* Tokelau
* Wallis and Futuna

This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.
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