George Clinton (funk musician)

American singer, songwriter and record producer (born 1941)

George Clinton

Clinton performing with Parliament-Funkadelic in 2007

Background information
Birth name| George Edward Clinton
Born|  (1941-07-22) July 22, 1941 (age 83)
Kannapolis, North Carolina, U.S.
Origin| Plainfield, New Jersey, U.S.
Genres|

* Funk
* psychedelic funk[1]
* electro-funk[2]
* avant-funk[3]
* progressive soul[4]

Occupations|

* Singer
* songwriter
* record producer
* bandleader

Discography| Parliament discography
Funkadelic discography
Years active| 1955–present[5]
Labels|

* Westbound
* Revilot
* Capitol
* EMI
* Paisley Park
* Warner Bros.
* 550
* Epic
* SME
* Shanachie
* Brainfeeder

Member of| Parliament-Funkadelic
Formerly of|

* Parliament
* Funkadelic
* Bootsy's Rubber Band

Website| georgeclinton.com

Musical artist

George Edward Clinton[6] (born July 22, 1941[7]) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and bandleader.[8] His Parliament-Funkadelic collective (which primarily recorded under the distinct band names Parliament and Funkadelic) developed an influential and eclectic form of funk music during the 1970s that drew on Afrofuturism, outlandish fashion, psychedelia, and surreal humor.[9] He launched his solo career with the 1982 album Computer Games and would go on to influence 1990s hip-hop and G-funk.[2]

Clinton is regarded, along with James Brown and Sly Stone, as one of the foremost innovators of funk music. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997, alongside 15 other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. In 2019, he and Parliament-Funkadelic were given Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awards.

## Career

[edit]

### Beginnings

[edit]

George Edward Clinton was born in Kannapolis, North Carolina,[8] grew up in Plainfield, New Jersey, and as of 2024[10] has lived in Tallahassee, Florida for thirty years. During his teen years, Clinton formed a doo-wop group inspired by Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers called the Parliaments, while straightening hair at a barbershop in Plainfield, New Jersey.[11]

The West End of Plainfield was once home to a barbershop on 216 Plainfield Avenue known as "Silk Palace". Owned in part by Clinton, it was staffed by various members of Parliament-Funkadelic, and known as the "hangout for all the local singers and musicians" in Plainfield's 1950s and 1960s doo-wop, soul, rock, and proto-funk music scene.[12][13][14]

### 1960s and 1970s

[edit]

For a period in the 1960s Clinton was a staff songwriter for Motown. Despite initial commercial failure and one major hit single ("(I Wanna) Testify" in 1967), as well as arranging and producing scores of singles on many of the independent Detroit soul music labels, the Parliaments eventually found success under the names Parliament and Funkadelic in the 1970s (see also P-Funk). These two bands combined the elements of musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Sly and the Family Stone, Frank Zappa, and James Brown while exploring various sounds, technology, and lyricism. Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic dominated Black music during the 1970s, with over 40 R&B hit singles (including three number ones) and three platinum albums.

From 1971 to late 1973, Clinton and several other members of the band settled in Toronto. During their years in Toronto, they honed their live show and recorded the album America Eats Its Young, which was their first to feature Bootsy Collins.

### 1980s

[edit]

In the 1980s, Clinton began to encounter legal difficulties arising from PolyGram's acquisition of Parliament's label, Casablanca Records.[15] He recorded several solo albums, although all of these records featured contributions from P-Funk's core musicians. This period of Clinton's career was marred by multiple legal problems resulting in financial difficulties due to royalty and copyright issues, notably with Bridgeport Music, who Clinton claims fraudulently obtained the copyrights to many of his recordings.[16]

In 1982, Clinton was signed to Capitol Records under two names: his own as a solo artist, and as the P-Funk All-Stars, releasing Computer Games under his own name that same year.[2] The single "Loopzilla" hit the Top 20 on the R&B charts, followed by "Atomic Dog", which reached #1 R&B and #101 on the pop chart.[2] In the next four years, Clinton released three more studio albums (You Shouldn't-Nuf Bit Fish, Some of My Best Jokes Are Friends, and R&B Skeletons in the Closet) as well as a live album, Mothership Connection (Live from the Summit, Houston, Texas) and charting three singles in the R&B Top 30, "Nubian Nut", "Last Dance", and "Do Fries Go with That Shake?"

He is also a notable music producer who works on almost all the albums he performs on, and has produced albums for Bootsy Collins and Red Hot Chili Peppers, among others. In 1985, he was recruited by the Chili Peppers to produce their album Freaky Styley, because the band members were huge fans of his and of funk in general. Clinton wrote the vocals and lyrics to the title track, which was originally intended by the band to be left as an instrumental piece. The album was not a commercial success at the time. In 1987, Clinton was recruited to write the theme song for The Tracey Ullman Show, "You're Thinking Right".

During the mid to late 1980s, many hip-hop and rap artists cited Clinton's earlier music as an influence. Along with James Brown, Clinton's songs with Parliament-Funkadelic were often sampled by rap producers.[17] "Sure, sample my stuff…" he remarked in 1996; "Ain't a better time to get paid than when you're my age. You know what to do with money. You don't buy as much pussy or drugs with it – you just buy some."[18]

In 1989, Clinton released The Cinderella Theory on Paisley Park, Prince's record label.

### 1990s to 2000s

[edit]

George Clinton performing with Parliament-Funkadelic at Pori Jazz 2014 in Finland

Clinton continued his work with Paisley Park with Hey, Man, Smell My Finger in 1993. The year 1994 saw Clinton contribute to several tracks on Primal Scream's studio album Give Out But Don't Give Up. In 1995, Clinton sang "Mind Games" on the John Lennon tribute Working Class Hero. Clinton then signed with Sony 550 and released T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M. (The Awesome Power of a Fully Operational Mothership) in 1996.

Clinton appeared in films such as Graffiti Bridge (1990), House Party (1990), PCU (1994), Good Burger (1997), and The Breaks (1999). In 1994, he appeared as the host of the anthology television film Cosmic Slop.[19] In 1997, he appeared as himself in the Cartoon Network show Space Ghost Coast to Coast. Clinton also appeared as the voice of the Funktipus, the DJ of the funk radio station Bounce FM in the 2004 video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, in which his song "Loopzilla" also appeared.

Rapper Dr. Dre often sampled Clinton's music, helping to bring about the G-funk era. In 1999, Clinton collaborated with Lil' Kim and Fred Durst for rap metal group Methods of Mayhem's single "Get Naked".[20]

Displaying his influence on rap and hip hop, Clinton also worked with Tupac Shakur on the song "Can't C Me" from the album All Eyez on Me; Ice Cube on the song and video for "Bop Gun (One Nation)" on the Lethal Injection album (which sampled Funkadelic's earlier hit "One Nation Under a Groove"); Outkast on the song "Synthesizer" from the album Aquemini; Redman on the song "J.U.M.P." from the album Malpractice; Souls of Mischief on "Mama Knows Best" from the album Trilogy: Conflict, Climax, Resolution; Killah Priest on "Come With me" from the album Priesthood; the Wu-Tang Clan on "Wolves" from the album 8 Diagrams.

Clinton founded a record label called The C Kunspyruhzy in 2003. He had a cameo appearance in "Where Were We?", the season two premiere of the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother, on September 18, 2006.

He appeared on the intro to Snoop Dogg's Tha Blue Carpet Treatment album, released in 2007. Clinton was also a judge for the 5th annual Independent Music Awards.[21]

On September 16, 2008, Clinton released a solo album, George Clinton and His Gangsters of Love, on Shanachie Records. Largely a covers album, Gangsters features guest appearances from Sly Stone, El DeBarge, Red Hot Chili Peppers, RZA, Carlos Santana, gospel singer Kim Burrell and more.[22]

On September 10, 2009, Clinton was awarded the Urban Icon Award from Broadcast Music Incorporated.[23] The ceremony featured P-Funk associate Bootsy Collins, as well contemporary performers such as Big Boi from Outkast and Cee-Lo Green from Goodie Mob.

Also in 2009, Clinton was inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame.[24]

### 2010s to 2020s

[edit]

On March 7, 2010, Clinton voiced a colorful blob alien version of himself in T-Pain's Adult Swim television movie Freaknik: The Musical.

In May 2012, Clinton was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music. During the commencement concert, Clinton joined the college's P-Funk Ensemble to perform hits like "Testify," "Give Up the Funk," and "One Nation Under a Groove". He was accompanied by longtime horn players Bennie Cowan and Greg Thomas.[25]

Clinton was a guest star in Odd Future's television show Loiter Squad on Adult Swim in 2013.

On June 27, 2015, Clinton joined Mark Ronson, Mary J. Blige and Grandmaster Flash on stage at the Glastonbury Festival to perform Ronson's hit "Uptown Funk".[26] Clinton also appears with Kendrick Lamar on the song "Wesley's Theory" from the album To Pimp a Butterfly.

In March 2017, Clinton appeared on the Adult Swim television series FishCenter Live. The Outline's Samuel Argyle described it as "[t]he episode that makes the most cohesive narrative sense."[27]

Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic were slated to headline the seventh annual Treefort Music Fest in Boise, Idaho in 2018.[28] The release of a new Parliament album, Medicaid Fraud Dogg, was announced in March 2018. It was released May 22, 2018.

In April 2018, Clinton announced that he would retire from touring in May 2019. Billboard reported that Clinton had recently undergone pacemaker surgery, but he said that was not a factor in his decision.[29] He indicated that he expected Parliament-Funkadelic would continue to tour without him, saying "Truth be told, it's never really been about me. It's always been about the music and the band. That's the real P-Funk legacy. They'll still be funkin' long after I stop." Earlier in 2018, he told Rolling Stone that he had made a hologram, suggesting that the band could "have it start performing in Vegas".[30]

In December 2018, the Recording Academy announced that Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic would be given Lifetime Achievement Awards. The awards were presented on May 11, 2019.[31][32][33]

Clinton collaborated with Flying Lotus on his new album Flamagra released on May 24, 2019. The track "Burning Down the House" was co-written by Clinton.[34]

Clinton also provided the voice of King Quincy, leader of the funk trolls, in the 2020 animated film, Trolls World Tour.[35]

In 2022, Clinton competed in season eight of The Masked Singer as "Gopher". After being eliminated on "Hall of Fame Night" alongside George Foreman as "Venus Fly Trap", Clinton did a performance of "Give Up the Funk (Tear the Roof Off the Sucker)" while backed up by Sheila E., Nick Cannon, and Robin Thicke.[36] He also exhibited paintings and sculptures in a solo show at Jeffrey Deitch Gallery in Los Angeles with artist Lauren Halsey.[37]

## Personal life

[edit]

Clinton married Stephanie Lynn Clinton in 1990. In February 2013, after 22 years of marriage, he filed for divorce.[38]

Clinton is married to Carlon Thompson-Clinton, his manager of over 10 years.[39]

On February 1, 2010, Clinton's 50-year-old son, George Clinton Jr., was found dead in his Florida home. According to police, he died of natural causes and had been dead for several days.[40]

Clinton was inducted as an honorary member of Omega Psi Phi on July 30, 2020.[41]

Clinton received an honorary doctorate of humane letters from Clinton College in Rock Hill, SC on May 3, 2024.

## Discography

[edit]

For more detailed discographies of George Clinton's pre-solo career, see Parliament discography and Funkadelic discography.

### Studio albums

[edit]

Year  | Album information  | Peak chart positions

|
|

US | US
R&B
1982  | Computer Games

* Released:
* Label: Capitol Records
* Format:

| 40  | 3
1983  | You Shouldn't-Nuf Bit Fish

* Released:
* Label: Capitol Records
* Format:

| 102  | 18
1985  | Some of My Best Jokes Are Friends

* Released:
* Label: Capitol Records
* Format:

| 163  | 17
1986  | R&B Skeletons in the Closet

* Released:
* Label: Capitol Records
* Format:

| 81  | 17
1989  | The Cinderella Theory

* Released:
* Label: Paisley Park Records
* Format:

| 192  | 75
1993  | Hey, Man, Smell My Finger

* Released:
* Label: Paisley Park Records
* Format:

| 145  | 31
1994  | Dope Dogs

* Released:
* Label: XYZ
* Format:

| —  | —
1996  | T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M.

* Released:
* Label: Sony 550 Music
* Format:

| 121  | 27
2005  | How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent?

* Released: September 6, 2005
* Label: The C Kunspyruhzy
* Format: CD

| —  | —
2008  | George Clinton and His Gangsters of Love

* Released: September 16, 2008
* Label: Shanachie
* Format: CD

| —  | 34
"—" denotes releases that did not chart.

### Live albums

[edit]

Year  | Album information

|

1976  | The Mothership Connection – Live from Houston

* Released:
* Label: Capitol Records
* Format:

1990  | Live at the Beverly Theater

* Released:
* Label: Westbound Records
* Format:

1995  | Mothership Connection Newberg Session

* Released:
* Label: P-Vine
* Format:

2004  | 500,000 Kilowatts of P-Funk Power (Live)

* Released:
* Label: Fruit Tree
* Format:

2006  | Take It to the Stage (Live)

* Released:
* Label: Music Avenue
* Format:

2015  | P-Funk Live at Metropolis

* Released: July 31, 2015
* Label: Metropolis
* Format: Vinyl, CD, DVD

### Family Series albums

[edit]

Year | Title | Label

|
|

1992 | Go Fer Yer Funk | Nocturne
Plush Funk | Nocturne
1993 | P Is the Funk | Nocturne
Testing Positive 4 the Funk | AEM
A Fifth of Funk | AEM
1995 | The Best (compilation) | P-Vine

### EPs

[edit]

Year  | Album information

|

1988  | Atomic Clinton! (EP)

* Released:
* Label: Capitol Records
* Format:

1990  | Atomic Dog (EP)

* Released:
* Label: Capitol Records
* Format:

### Solo singles

[edit]

Year  | Title  | Peak chart positions  | Album

|
|
|

R&B | US Dance | UK
1982  | "Loopzilla"  | 19  | 48  | 57  | Computer Games
"Atomic Dog"  | 1  | 38  | 94
1983  | "Nubian Nut"  | 15  | —  | —  | You Shouldn't-Nuf Bit Fish
1986  | "Do Fries Go with That Shake?"  | 13  | —  | 57  | R&B Skeletons in the Closet
"R&B Skeletons (In the Closet)"  | —  | —  | —
1989  | "Why Should I Dog You Out?"  | —  | —  | —  | The Cinderella Theory
"Tweakin'"  | —  | —  | —
1993  | "Paint the White House Black"  | —  | —  | —  | Hey Man, Smell My Finger
"Martial Law"  | —  | —  | —
1996  | "If Anybody Gets Funked Up (It's Gonna Be You)" (as George Clinton & the P-Funk All-Stars)  | 13  | —  | 97  | T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M.
"—" denotes releases that did not chart.

### Contributions

[edit]

This section of a biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.
Find sources: "George Clinton" funk musician – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

* 1981: "Work That Sucker to Death" (Xavier featuring George Clinton and Bootsy Collins; Point of Pleasure)[42]
* 1983: "I Almost Believed You" (from the Michael Bolton album Michael Bolton)
* 1985: "American Ghost Dance" (sang backing vocals with the Red Hot Chili Peppers on their album Freaky Styley; he also produced this album)
* 1985: "May the Cube Be With You" (collaborated with Thomas Dolby and appeared in the music video for the song)
* 1985: "Sun City" (from the Artists United Against Apartheid album Sun City)
* 1986: "Break My Heart" (Jimmy G. & the Tackheads; one of his many one-off groups with George Clinton supplying vocals & possibly Bootsy Collins on bass)
* 1986: "Magilla Gorilla" (from the Kurtis Blow album Kingdom Blow)
* 1988: "Lifestyles of the Roach and Famous by the INCorporated Thang Band (Produced by George Clinton and Bootsy Collins. Songs co-wrote by George Clinton)
* 1990: "We Can Funk" (from the Prince album Graffiti Bridge)
* 1990: House Party (George Clinton, as himself)
* 1991: "Ju Ju Man (Rock the Planet)", "Dysfunktion", "Air Head", and "Freedom of Speech" (from the Muruga UFM album Rock the Planet)
* 1991: "Sons of the P" (from the Digital Underground album Sons of the P)
* 1991: "Words & Music from da Lowlands" (from the Gotcha! album Words and Music from da Lowlands)
* 1993: "G-Funk Intro" (from the Snoop Doggy Dogg album Doggystyle)
* 1993: "Tight" (from the MC Breed album The New Breed)
* 1994: PCU (George Clinton, as himself)
* 1993: "Bop Gun (One Nation)" (from the Ice Cube album Lethal Injection)
* 1994: "P-Funk" (NBA Jam; hidden character)
* 1994: "Funky Jam", "Give Out But Don't Give Up" and "Free" (from the Primal Scream album Give Out But Don't Give Up)
* 1995: "Blac Mermaid" (from the Society of Soul album Brainchild)
* 1996: "Can't C Me" (from the 2Pac album All Eyez on Me)
* 1997: Good Burger (Mental Patient/Dancer)
* 1998: "Synthesizer" (from the Outkast album Aquemini)
* 1999: "Get Naked" (from the Methods of Mayhem album Methods of Mayhem)
* 2000: "Alien Love" (from the Alien Lovestock album Planet of the Fish)
* 2001: "Come With Me", "The One" (from the Killah Priest album Priesthood)
* 2001: "Speed Dreaming" (from the Warren G album The Return of the Regulator)
* 2001: "J.U.M.P." (from the Redman album Malpractice)
* 2002: "The Movie" (from the Too Short album What's My Favorite Word?)
* 2003: "Hey Bulldog" (from the Eric McFadden album Diamonds To Coal)
* 2005: "Lotus Flower" (from the Blackalicious album The Craft)
* 2006: "Uncle Speaks (Album Naration)" (from the Joi album Tennessee Slim Is the Bomb)
* 2006: "Intrology" (from the Snoop Dogg album Tha Blue Carpet Treatment)
* 2006: "The Doctor and the Kidd" (from the People Under the Stairs album Stepfather)
* 2007: "Wolves" and "Tar Pit" (from the Wu-Tang Clan album 8 Diagrams)
* 2007: "When the World Is at Peace" (Masters of Funk & Blues feat. George Clinton & Bobby Taylor; A Soulful Tale of Two Cities)
* 2007: "Love Won't Let Me Wait" (Masters of Funk, Soul & Blues featuring George Clinton; A Soulful Tale of Two Cities)
* 2007: "Night Out" (from the Lifesavas album Gutterfly)
* 2008: "Up Again" (from the Bobby Digital album Digi Snacks)
* 2008: "Hitler's Brain" (from the Die Warzau album Vinyl88: Not the Best of Die Warzau)
* 2009: "There's a Party" (from the N.A.S.A album The Spirit of Apollo)
* 2010: "Fo Yo Sorrows" (from the Big Boi album Sir Luscious Left Foot: The Son of Chico Dusty)
* 2010: "Red Wine" & "Red Wine (Skit)" (from the Stevie Stone album New Kid Comin)
* 2011: "D-Funk (Funk With Us)" (from the Headhunters album Platinum)
* 2012: Thanksgiving Day halftime show at Ford Field, Detroit, Michigan; Halftime Concert featuring Kid Rock)
* 2013: "Tonight We Ride" (from the Killah Priest album The Psychic World of Walter Reed)
* 2013: "Do the Damn Thang" (from the Ralph Myerz album Supersonic Pulse)
* 2014: "UFO Le Funk" & "Brooklyn UFO" from the Funky Taurus & George Clinton album UFO Le Funk)
* 2015: "Wesley's Theory" (from the Kendrick Lamar album To Pimp a Butterfly)
* 2015: "The Lavishments of Light Looking" (from the Adult Swim Singles Program 2015 by WOKE)
* 2016: "Do the Damn Thang" (Da YoungFellaz single featuring Snoop Dogg & Nipsey Hussle)
* 2016: "Cool Joe" (new version by George Clinton & Funky Taurus)
* 2016: "Riot" (from the Childish Gambino album "Awaken, My Love!")
* 2018: "Hawking Tribute" (George Clinton & Funky Taurus; pays tribute to the passing of Stephen Hawking)
* 2019: "Lazy Daisy" (George Clinton & Funky Taurus; from the Lazy Daisy album Lazy Daisy George Clinton & Funky Taurus)
* 2019: "Burning Down the House" (from the Flying Lotus album Flamagra)
* 2019: "Feed the Wolf" (Miss Velvet and the Blue Wolf feat. George Clinton; guesting on 4 tracks)[43]
* 2021: "Groove for the Ques" (Willie Bradley & George Clinton)
* 2021: "Funk Aspirin" (Cimafunk & George Clinton)
* 2022: "Benny's Got a Gun" (BLK ODYSSY & Benny the Butcher & George Clinton)
* 2022: "She's a Flirt" (Incidents & West Coast Stone & George Clinton)
* 2023: "Up is Just A Place" (Smudge All Stars feat. George Clinton) (From the 2020 album Smudge All Stars)
* 2023: "Headache" (Smudge All Stars feat. George Clinton) (From the 2020 album Smudge All Stars)
* 2023: "All the Parties" (Drake feat. Chief Keef and George Clinton; uncredited) (From the 2023 album For All the Dogs)

## Filmography

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2024)

|

* Saturday Night Live (1986)
* The Night Before (1988)
* House Party (1990)
* Graffiti Bridge (1990)
* PCU (1994)
* Good Burger (1997)
* Space Ghost Coast to Coast (1997)
* Martin (1997)
* Butter (1998)
* The Bernie Mac Show (2004)
* How I Met Your Mother (2006)
* Freaknik: The Musical (2010)
* The Cleveland Show (2013)
* Loiter Squad (2013)
* Trolls World Tour (2020)
* The Masked Singer U.S. (2022)
* Agent Elvis (2023)
* Good Burger 2 (2023)

## Books

[edit]

* Clinton, George; Ben Greenman (2014). Brothas Be, Yo Like George, Ain't That Funkin' Kinda Hard on You?. New York: Atria Books. ISBN 978-1-4767-5107-8.

## See also

[edit]

* Album era

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Lauren Cochrane, "George Clinton: the best dressed man in music", The Guardian, June 23, 2008.
2. ^ a b c d Bush, John (July 22, 1940). "George Clinton - Music Biography, Credits and Discography". AllMusic. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
3. ^ Staff (December 25, 2004). "Passings". Billboard. No. 116\. Nielsen. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
4. ^ Hoard, Christian; Brackett, Nathan, eds. (2004). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Simon & Schuster. p. 524\. ISBN 9780743201698.
5. ^ Hua Hsu (July 2, 2018). "How George Clinton Jr Made Funk a World View". The New Yorker. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
6. ^ Gulla, Bob (2008). "George Clinton". Icons of R&B and Soul: An Encyclopedia of the Artists Who Revolutionized Rhythm. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 441\. ISBN 978-0-313-34044-4.
7. ^ "George Clinton Biography".
8. ^ a b Colin Larkin, ed. (1997). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music (Concise ed.). Virgin Books. p. 274\. ISBN 1-85227-745-9.
9. ^ Bush, John. "Parliament -Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
10. ^ Jordan, Gina (February 22, 2024). "Funk pioneer George Clinton gets a key to the City of Tallahassee". WFSU News. Retrieved August 18, 2024.
11. ^ "George Clinton - Singer, Songwriter - Biography". Archived from the original on October 27, 2018. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
12. ^ "George Clinton And Killer Mike: Talking (Barber) Shop". Npr.org. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
13. ^ Sammy Campbell and the Del Larks - Classic Urban Harmony. classicurbanharmony.net/wp-content/uploads/.../Sammy-Campbell-The-Del-Larks.pdf by T Ashley. The story of the Del Larks revolves around the extensive music careers of two individuals; Sammy. Campbell and Ron Taylor.
14. ^ "George Clinton and the Parliaments – (Part One of Two) – Rock 'n' Roll Spotlight". Rocknrollspotlight.com. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
15. ^ "Biography". Georgeclinton.com. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
16. ^ Mike Masnick, "George Clinton Explains How Bridgeport Allegedly Faked Documents To Get His Music Rights", Techdirt, June 17, 2011.
17. ^ Gold, Jonathan (September 16, 1989). "Funky George Clinton and Crew Are Back". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
18. ^ Q, 1996, precise date unknown.
19. ^ Duffy, Mike (November 8, 1994). "HBO's 'Cosmic Slop' is pleasantly weird". Detroit Free Press. Detroit, Michigan. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
20. ^ "George Clinton and Parliament Funkadelic". Theorientaltheater.com. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
21. ^ "Past Judges". Independent Music Awards. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
22. ^ Graff, Gary (June 27, 2008). "George Clinton Goes 'Gangster' On New Album". Billboard.com.
23. ^ "BMI Honors George Clinton, T-Pain, Lil Wayne and Many More at Urban Awards in New York". Broadcast Music Incorporated. September 10, 2009. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
24. ^ "2009 Inductees". North Carolina Music Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
25. ^ "George Clinton Accepts Honorary Doctor of Music Degree at Berklee", Jambands.com, February 17, 2017.
26. ^ "Mark Ronson at Glastonbury 2015 review – saving the best for last". The Guardian. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
27. ^ Argyle, Samuel (March 29, 2019). "A fantasy getaway in a fish tank". The Outline. theoutline.com. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
28. ^ Sacher, Andrew (December 7, 2017). "Treefort Music Fest 2018 initial lineup". Brooklyn Vegan. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
29. ^ Mitchell, Gail (April 27, 2018). "Funk Icon George Clinton to Retire from Touring: Exclusive". Billboard. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
30. ^ Kreps, Daniel (April 27, 2018). "George Clinton to Retire From Touring in 2019". Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
31. ^ Hertweck, Nate (December 19, 2018). "Dionne Warwick, Donny Hathaway & More To Receive Special Merit Awards". The Recording Academy. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
32. ^ Aniftos, Rania (December 19, 2018). "Black Sabbath, George Clinton & Parliament-Funkadelic Among Recording Academy Lifetime Achievement Award Recipients". Billboard. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
33. ^ Grow, Kory (December 19, 2018). "Black Sabbath, George Clinton to Get Lifetime Achievement Grammys". Rolling Stone. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
34. ^ "George Clinton Calls Flying Lotus, Thundercat & Kendrick Lamar "The New Generation Of Funk Musicians"". Okayplayer.com. November 5, 2018. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
35. ^ "Trolls World Tour: How George Clinton of P-Funk helped make the hit movie funky". app.com. April 13, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
36. ^ "'The Masked Singer' Reveals Identities of Gopher and Venus Flytrap: Here's Who They Are". November 10, 2022.
37. ^ Amadour (December 16, 2022). "15 Minutes with George Clinton". Los Angeles Magazine.
38. ^ "GEORGE CLINTON TO WIFE Go Funk Yourself ... I Filed for DIVORCE". TMZ. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
39. ^ Binelli, Mark (April 27, 2015). "George Clinton: Doctor Atomic". Rolling Stone. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
40. ^ "Two Deaths in the George Clinton Family: George Clinton Jr. & Mahlia Franklin". CelebStoner.com. February 8, 2010. Archived from the original on September 27, 2012. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
41. ^ Omega Psi Phi Inducts George Clinton, D.L. Hughley, Anthony Anderson, and Ted Ginn, Sr. as Honorary Members
42. ^ Colin Larkin, ed. (1993). The Guinness Who's Who of Soul Music (First ed.). Guinness Publishing. p. 312\. ISBN 0-85112-733-9.
43. ^ "Review: 'Feed the Wolf' by Miss Velvet and The Blue Wolf". Rock And Blues Muse. August 28, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2022.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Cox-Cordova, Jill (September 15, 2011). "Red Chair Interview: George Clinton". CNN.
* Flores Alvarez, Olivia (April 19, 2007). "George Clinton". Houston Press.
* Holdengräber, Paul (October 29, 2014). "Live from the NYPL: George Clinton". New York Public Library.
* Hopsicker, Jess (February 2007). "A Motor Booty Affair: With George Clinton". College Crier. Vol. 5, no. 8\. Archived from the original on March 10, 2007.
* Keyes, Allison (June 6, 2012). "George Clinton Fights for His Right to Funk". All Things Considered. NPR.
* Rushin, Rob (August 27, 2018). "Bringing Back the Funk with P-Funk Legend George Clinton". Flamingo.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to George Clinton (musician).

* Official website
* George Clinton discography at Discogs
* Clinton George Clinton at AllMusic
* George Clinton at IMDb
* Trouser Press George Clinton Discography
* George Clinton at WhoSampled
* George Clinton Interview at NAMM Oral History Collection (video; 2006)
* Thorn, Jesse (March 31, 2015). "Bullseye with Jesse Thorn: George Clinton & Christian Acker". Bullseye with Jesse Thorn.
* Promotional MP3 "Ain't That Peculiar" from George Clinton and His Gangsters of Love

* v
* t
* e

George Clinton

Studio albums|

* Computer Games
* You Shouldn't-Nuf Bit Fish
* Some of My Best Jokes Are Friends
* Skeletons in the Closet
* The Cinderella Theory
* Hey, Man, Smell My Finger
* Dope Dogs
* T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M.
* How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent?
* George Clinton and His Gangsters of Love

Live albums|

* The Mothership Connection – Live from Houston
* Live at the Beverly Theater
* Mothership Connection Newberg Session

Singles|

* "Atomic Dog"
* "Do Fries Go with That Shake?"
* "If Anybody Gets Funked Up (It's Gonna Be You)"

George Clinton Family Series albums|

* Go Fer Yer Funk
* Plush Funk
* P Is the Funk
* Testing Positive 4 the Funk
* A Fifth of Funk
* The Best

Related|

* Funkadelic (discography)
* P-Funk (members)
* Parliament-Funkadelic
* The Parliaments
* Parliament

Awards for George Clinton

* v
* t
* e

NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award

* Lena Horne / Ray Charles (1983)
* Ella Fitzgerald / Marian Anderson / Gordon Parks / Alberta Hunter / Paul Robeson (1984)
* Esther Rolle / Linda Hopkins (1987)
* Marvin Gaye (1988)
* Sammy Davis Jr. / Oprah Winfrey / Ossie Davis / Ruby Dee (1989)
* Etta James (1990)
* Four Tops / The O'Jays / The Temptations / The Dells (1992)
* Carmen McRae and Jerry Butler (1993)
* Earth, Wind & Fire (1994)
* Richard Pryor (1996)
* Aretha Franklin / George Clinton (1997)
* Nancy Wilson / The Isley Brothers (1998)
* Kathleen Battle (1999)
* Sidney Poitier (2001)
* Little Richard (2002)
* Spike Lee (2003)
* Ray Charles (2004)
* Oprah Winfrey (2005)
* Carlos Santana (2006)
* Bill Cosby (2007)
* Stevie Wonder (2008)
* Clarence Avant (2009)
* Eddie Murphy (2021)

* v
* t
* e

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame – Class of 1997

Performers|

* Bee Gees
* Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb, Robin Gibb
* Buffalo Springfield
* Richie Furay, Dewey Martin, Bruce Palmer, Stephen Stills, Neil Young
* Crosby, Stills, & Nash
* David Crosby, Graham Nash, Stephen Stills
* The Jackson 5
* Jackie Jackson, Jermaine Jackson, Marlon Jackson, Michael Jackson, Tito Jackson
* Joni Mitchell
* Parliament-Funkadelic
* Jerome Brailey, George Clinton, Bootsy Collins, Raymond Davis, Tiki Fulwood, Glenn Goins, Michael Hampton, Fuzzy Haskins, Eddie Hazel, Walter Morrison, Cordell Mosson, Billy Bass Nelson, Garry Shider, Calvin Simon, Grady Thomas, Bernie Worrell
* The (Young) Rascals
* Eddie Brigati, Felix Cavaliere, Gene Cornish, Dino Danelli

Early influences|

* Mahalia Jackson
* Bill Monroe

Non-performers
(Ahmet Ertegun Award)|

* Syd Nathan

* v
* t
* e

Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award

1963–1990|

* 1963
* Bing Crosby
* 1965
* Frank Sinatra
* 1966
* Duke Ellington
* 1967
* Ella Fitzgerald
* 1968
* Irving Berlin
* 1971
* Elvis Presley
* 1972
* Louis Armstrong
* Mahalia Jackson
* 1984
* Chuck Berry
* Charlie Parker
* 1985
* Leonard Bernstein
* 1986
* Benny Goodman
* The Rolling Stones
* Andrés Segovia
* 1987
* Roy Acuff
* Benny Carter
* Enrico Caruso
* Ray Charles
* Fats Domino
* Woody Herman
* Billie Holiday
* B.B. King
* Isaac Stern
* Igor Stravinsky
* Arturo Toscanini
* Hank Williams
* 1989
* Fred Astaire
* Pablo Casals
* Dizzy Gillespie
* Jascha Heifetz
* Lena Horne
* Leontyne Price
* Bessie Smith
* Art Tatum
* Sarah Vaughan
* 1990
* Nat King Cole
* Miles Davis
* Vladimir Horowitz
* Paul McCartney

1991–2000|

* 1991
* Marian Anderson
* Bob Dylan
* John Lennon
* Kitty Wells
* 1992
* James Brown
* John Coltrane
* Jimi Hendrix
* Muddy Waters
* 1993
* Chet Atkins
* Little Richard
* Thelonious Monk
* Bill Monroe
* Pete Seeger
* Fats Waller
* 1994
* Bill Evans
* Aretha Franklin
* Arthur Rubinstein
* 1995
* Patsy Cline
* Peggy Lee
* Henry Mancini
* Curtis Mayfield
* Barbra Streisand
* 1996
* Dave Brubeck
* Marvin Gaye
* Georg Solti
* Stevie Wonder
* 1997
* Bobby "Blue" Bland
* The Everly Brothers
* Judy Garland
* Stéphane Grappelli
* Buddy Holly
* Charles Mingus
* Oscar Peterson
* Frank Zappa
* 1998
* Bo Diddley
* The Mills Brothers
* Roy Orbison
* Paul Robeson
* 1999
* Johnny Cash
* Sam Cooke
* Otis Redding
* Smokey Robinson
* Mel Tormé
* 2000
* Harry Belafonte
* Woody Guthrie
* John Lee Hooker
* Mitch Miller
* Willie Nelson

2001–2010|

* 2001
* The Beach Boys
* Tony Bennett
* Sammy Davis Jr.
* Bob Marley
* The Who
* 2002
* Count Basie
* Rosemary Clooney
* Perry Como
* Al Green
* Joni Mitchell
* 2003
* Etta James
* Johnny Mathis
* Glenn Miller
* Tito Puente
* Simon & Garfunkel
* 2004
* Van Cliburn
* The Funk Brothers
* Ella Jenkins
* Sonny Rollins
* Artie Shaw
* Doc Watson
* 2005
* Eddy Arnold
* Art Blakey
* The Carter Family
* Morton Gould
* Janis Joplin
* Led Zeppelin
* Jerry Lee Lewis
* Jelly Roll Morton
* Pinetop Perkins
* The Staple Singers
* 2006
* David Bowie
* Cream
* Merle Haggard
* Robert Johnson
* Jessye Norman
* Richard Pryor
* The Weavers
* 2007
* Joan Baez
* Booker T. & the M.G.'s
* Maria Callas
* Ornette Coleman
* The Doors
* The Grateful Dead
* Bob Wills
* 2008
* Burt Bacharach
* The Band
* Cab Calloway
* Doris Day
* Itzhak Perlman
* Max Roach
* Earl Scruggs
* 2009
* Gene Autry
* The Blind Boys of Alabama
* The Four Tops
* Hank Jones
* Brenda Lee
* Dean Martin
* Tom Paxton
* 2010
* Leonard Cohen
* Bobby Darin
* David "Honeyboy" Edwards
* Michael Jackson
* Loretta Lynn
* André Previn
* Clark Terry

2011–2020|

* 2011
* Julie Andrews
* Roy Haynes
* Juilliard String Quartet
* The Kingston Trio
* Dolly Parton
* Ramones
* George Beverly Shea
* 2012
* The Allman Brothers Band
* Glen Campbell
* Antônio Carlos Jobim
* George Jones
* The Memphis Horns
* Diana Ross
* Gil Scott-Heron
* 2013
* Glenn Gould
* Charlie Haden
* Lightnin' Hopkins
* Carole King
* Patti Page
* Ravi Shankar
* The Temptations
* 2014
* The Beatles
* Clifton Chenier
* The Isley Brothers
* Kraftwerk
* Kris Kristofferson
* Armando Manzanero
* Maud Powell
* 2015
* Bee Gees
* Pierre Boulez
* Buddy Guy
* George Harrison
* Flaco Jiménez
* The Louvin Brothers
* Wayne Shorter
* 2016
* Ruth Brown
* Celia Cruz
* Earth, Wind & Fire
* Herbie Hancock
* Jefferson Airplane
* Linda Ronstadt
* Run-DMC
* 2017
* Shirley Caesar
* Ahmad Jamal
* Charley Pride
* Jimmie Rodgers
* Nina Simone
* Sly Stone
* The Velvet Underground
* 2018
* Hal Blaine
* Neil Diamond
* Emmylou Harris
* Louis Jordan
* The Meters
* Queen
* Tina Turner
* 2019
* Black Sabbath
* George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic
* Billy Eckstine
* Donny Hathaway
* Julio Iglesias
* Sam & Dave
* Dionne Warwick
* 2020
* Chicago
* Roberta Flack
* Isaac Hayes
* Iggy Pop
* John Prine
* Public Enemy
* Sister Rosetta Tharpe

2021–present|

* 2021
* Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five
* Lionel Hampton
* Marilyn Horne
* Salt-N-Pepa
* Selena
* Talking Heads
* 2022
* Bonnie Raitt
* 2023
* Bobby McFerrin
* Nirvana
* Ma Rainey
* Slick Rick
* Nile Rodgers
* The Supremes
* Ann Wilson and Nancy Wilson
* 2024
* Laurie Anderson
* The Clark Sisters
* Gladys Knight
* N.W.A
* Donna Summer
* Tammy Wynette

* v
* t
* e

Parliament-Funkadelic

* Jerome "Bigfoot" Brailey
* George Clinton
* Bootsy Collins
* Ray Davis
* Ramon "Tiki" Fulwood
* Glenn Goins
* Michael Hampton
* Clarence "Fuzzy" Haskins
* Eddie Hazel
* Walter "Junie" Morrison
* Cordell "Boogie" Mosson
* "Billy Bass" Nelson
* Garry Shider
* Calvin Simon
* Grady Thomas
* Bernie Worrell

Parliament discography|

* Osmium
* Up for the Down Stroke
* Chocolate City
* Mothership Connection
* The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein
* Live: P-Funk Earth Tour
* Funkentelechy vs. the Placebo Syndrome
* Motor Booty Affair
* Gloryhallastoopid
* Trombipulation
* Medicaid Fraud Dogg

Funkadelic discography|

* Funkadelic
* Free Your Mind... and Your Ass Will Follow
* Maggot Brain
* America Eats Its Young
* Cosmic Slop
* Standing on the Verge of Getting It On
* Let's Take It to the Stage
* Tales of Kidd Funkadelic
* Hardcore Jollies
* One Nation Under a Groove
* Uncle Jam Wants You
* Connections & Disconnections
* The Electric Spanking of War Babies
* Live: Meadowbrook, Rochester, Michigan – 12th September 1971
* By Way of the Drum
* Toys
* U.S. Music with Funkadelic
* First Ya Gotta Shake the Gate

George Clinton and
Parliament-Funkadelic|

* Computer Games
* Urban Dancefloor Guerillas
* You Shouldn't-Nuf Bit Fish
* Some of My Best Jokes Are Friends
* R&B Skeletons in the Closet
* The Mothership Connection – Live from Houston
* The Cinderella Theory
* Live at the Beverly Theater
* Hey, Man, Smell My Finger
* Dope Dogs
* Mothership Connection Newberg Session
* T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M.
* Live 1976–1993
* How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent?
* George Clinton and His Gangsters of Love
* Live...Capitol Theatre 1978

Bootsy Collins|

* Stretchin' Out in Bootsy's Rubber Band
* Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby!
* Bootsy? Player of the Year
* This Boot Is Made for Fonk-N
* Ultra Wave
* The One Giveth, the Count Taketh Away
* What's Bootsy Doin'?
* Jungle Bass
* Blasters of the Universe
* Lord of the Harvest
* Keepin' dah Funk Alive 4-1995
* Fresh Outta 'P' University
* Live in Louisville 1978
* Play with Bootsy
* Live in Concert 1998
* Live in Oklahoma 1976
* Christmas Is 4 Ever
* Tha Funk Capital of the World

Eddie Hazel|

* Game, Dames and Guitar Thangs
* Rest in P

The Horny Horns|

* A Blow for Me, a Toot to You
* Say Blow by Blow Backwards
* The Final Blow

Bernie Worrell|

* All the Woo in the World
* Funk of Ages
* Pieces of Woo: The Other Side
* Blacktronic Science
* Free Agent: A Spaced Odyssey

The Brides of Funkenstein|

* Funk or Walk
* Never Buy Texas from a Cowboy
* Live at the Howard Theatre

Parlet|

* Pleasure Principle
* Invasion of the Booty Snatchers
* Play Me or Trade Me

Clarence "Fuzzy" Haskins|

* A Whole Nother Thang (1976)
* Radio Active (1978)
* A Whole Nother Radio Active Thang (1994)

Ruth Copeland|

* Self Portrait (1970)
* I Am What I Am (1971)
* Take Me to Baltimore (1976)

Mutiny|

* Mutiny on the Mamaship (1979)
* Funk Plus the One (1980)
* A Night Out With the Boys (1983)
* Aftershock 2005 (1996)

Other spinoffs|

* Quazar (1978)
* Sweat Band (1980)
* Federation of Tackheads (1985)
* Lifestyles of the Roach and Famous (1988)
* Out of the Dark (1993)
* Funkcronomicon (1995)
* Heavy Metal Funkason (1998)

Filmography|

* PCU
* Parliament-Funkadelic: One Nation Under a Groove
* George Clinton: The Mothership Connection

Related articles|

* Parliament
* Funkadelic
* House Guests
* Godmoma
* Kiddo
* Original P
* The Pacemakers
* The Parliaments
* Zapp (Roger Troutman)
* List of P-Funk members
* Pedro Bell
* Armen Boladian
* Bridgeport Music
* Children of Production
* Bill Laswell
* Overton Loyd
* P-Funk
* P-Funk Earth Tour
* P-Funk Mothership
* P-Funk mythology
* P-Funk projects
* Uncle Jam Records
* G-funk

Category

* v
* t
* e

Parliament

* George Clinton
* Ray Davis
* Clarence "Fuzzy" Haskins
* Calvin Simon
* Grady Thomas
* Billy Bass Nelson
* Eddie Hazel
* Tawl Ross
* Tiki Fulwood
* Mickey Atkins
* Bernie Worrell
* Bootsy Collins
* Cordell Mosson
* Rodney "Skeet" Curtis
* Garry Shider
* Prakash John
* Tyrone Lampkin
* Glenn Goins
* Michael Hampton
* Debbie Wright
* Gary "Muddbone" Cooper
* Jerome Brailey
* Fred Wesley
* Maceo Parker
* Michael Brecker
* Randy Brecker
* Rick Gardner
* Reunald "Renny" Jones
* Jeanette Washington
* Dawn Silva
* Lynn Mabry
* Ron Ford
* Shirley Hayden
* Greg Thomas
* Larry Heckstall
* Walter "Junie" Morrison
* Robert "P-Nut" Johnson

Studio albums|

* Osmium (First Thangs/Rhenium)
* Up for the Down Stroke
* Chocolate City
* Mothership Connection
* The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein
* Funkentelechy Vs. the Placebo Syndrome
* Motor Booty Affair
* Gloryhallastoopid
* Trombipulation
* Medicaid Fraud Dogg

Live albums|

* Live: P-Funk Earth Tour
* Live 1976–1993

Compilations|

* Parliament's Greatest Hits
* The Best Nonstop Mix Compilation
* Tear the Roof Off 1974–1980
* 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Parliament
* Gold
* The Casablanca Years: 1974–1980

Singles|

* "Up For The Down Stroke"
* "Testify"
* "Chocolate City"
* "Do That Stuff"
* "Tear The Roof Off The Sucker (Give Up The Funk)"
* "Mothership Connection (Star Child)"
* "Do That Stuff"
* "Dr. Funkenstein"
* "Fantasy Is Reality"
* "Bop Gun (Endangered Species)"
* "Flash Light"
* "Funkentelechy"
* "Aqua Boogie (A Psychoalphadiscobetabioaquadoloop)"
* "Party People"

Related|

* Discography

* v
* t
* e

Funkadelic

* George Clinton
* Ray Davis
* Clarence "Fuzzy" Haskins
* Calvin Simon
* Billy Bass Nelson
* Eddie Hazel
* Tawl Ross
* Tiki Fulwood
* Mickey Atkins
* Bernie Worrell
* Grady Thomas
* Harold Beane
* Garry Shider
* Bootsy Collins
* Catfish Collins
* Cordell "Boogie" Mosson
* Prakash John
* Tyrone Lampkin
* Ron Bykowski
* Leon Patillo
* Jimmy Calhoun
* Gary Bronson
* Michael Hampton
* Glenn Goins
* Jerome Brailey
* Dawn Silva
* Walter Morrison
* Rodney Curtis
* Mallia Franklin
* Larry Fratangelo
* DeWayne McKnight
* David Spradley

Studio albums|

* Funkadelic
* Free Your Mind... and Your Ass Will Follow
* Maggot Brain
* America Eats Its Young
* Cosmic Slop
* Standing on the Verge of Getting It On
* Let's Take It to the Stage
* Hardcore Jollies
* One Nation Under a Groove
* Uncle Jam Wants You
* The Electric Spanking of War Babies
* By Way of the Drum
* First Ya Gotta Shake the Gate

Live albums|

* Live: Meadowbrook, Rochester, Michigan – 12th September 1971

Compilation albums|

* Tales of Kidd Funkadelic
* Music for Your Mother: Funkadelic 45s
* Motor City Madness: The Ultimate Funkadelic Westbound Compilation
* The Whole Funk & Nothing but the Funk: Definitive Funkadelic 1976–1981
* Toys

Singles|

* "Get Off Your Ass and Jam"
* "One Nation Under a Groove"
* "(Not Just) Knee Deep"
* "The Electric Spanking of War Babies"

Related|

* Discography
* "Let's Take It to the Stage"
* Connections & Disconnections

* v
* t
* e

The Parliaments

* George Clinton
* Ray Davis
* Fuzzy Haskins
* Calvin Simon
* Grady Thomas
* Eddie Hazel
* Tawl Ross
* Tiki Fulwood

Singles|

* "Poor Willie"
* "Lonely Island"
* "Heart Trouble"
* "(I Wanna) Testify"

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* 2
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Czech Republic
* Spain
* Netherlands
* Israel
* Finland

Artists|

* MusicBrainz

Other|

* IdRef
* SNAC

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