George Singer

For the English bicycle pioneer, see George Singer (cycle manufacturer).

George Singer

Born| 1786
Died| 28 June 1817
Nationality| British
Known for| Publications and lectures
Scientific career
Fields| Electrics
Articles about

Electromagnetism

* Electricity
* Magnetism
* Optics
* History
* Textbooks

Electrostatics

* Electric charge
* Coulomb's law
* Conductor
* Charge density
* Permittivity
* Electric dipole moment
* Electric field
* Electric potential
* Electric flux / potential energy
* Electrostatic discharge
* Gauss's law
* Induction
* Insulator
* Polarization density
* Static electricity
* Triboelectricity

Magnetostatics

* Ampère's law
* Biot–Savart law
* Gauss's law for magnetism
* Magnetic field
* Magnetic flux
* Magnetic dipole moment
* Magnetic permeability
* Magnetic scalar potential
* Magnetization
* Magnetic vector potential
* Right-hand rule

Electrodynamics

* Lorentz force law
* Electromagnetic induction
* Faraday's law
* Lenz's law
* Displacement current
* Maxwell's equations
* Electromagnetic field
* Electromagnetic pulse
* Electromagnetic radiation
* Larmor formula
* Bremsstrahlung
* Cyclotron radiation
* Synchrotron radiation
* Maxwell tensor
* Poynting vector
* Liénard–Wiechert potential
* Jefimenko's equations
* Eddy current
* London equations

* Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field

Electrical network

* Alternating current
* Capacitance
* Direct current
* Electric current
* Electrolysis
* Current density
* Joule heating
* Electromotive force
* Impedance
* Inductance
* Ohm's law
* Parallel circuit
* Resistance
* Resonant cavities
* Series circuit
* Voltage
* Waveguides

Magnetic circuit

* Gyrator–capacitor model
* Magnetic complex reluctance
* Magnetic reluctance
* Magnetomotive force
* Permeance

Covariant formulation

* Electromagnetic tensor
(stress–energy tensor)

* Four-current
* Electromagnetic four-potential

Scientists

* Ampère
* Biot
* Coulomb
* Davy
* Einstein
* Faraday
* Fizeau
* Gauss
* Heaviside
* Henry
* Hertz
* Hopkinson
* Jefimenko
* Joule
* Kelvin
* Lenz
* Liénard
* Lorentz
* Maxwell
* Neumann
* Ørsted
* Ohm
* Poynting
* Ritchie
* Savart
* Singer
* Steinmetz
* Tesla
* Volta
* Weber
* Wiechert
* Poisson

* v
* t
* e

George John Singer (1786–1817) was an English early pioneer of electrical research, noted for his publications and for lectures delivered privately and at the Russell Institution.

## Biography[edit]

Singer was the son of Thomas Singer, and the younger brother of Samuel Weller Singer. In early life he was engaged in his mother's business of artificial-flower making. Every spare moment, however, he devoted to scientific study, more particularly to the investigation of electricity and electromagnetism, then little known. He was a friend of and worked with Andrew Crosse, another early electrical pioneer.[1] Singer built, almost unassisted, a large room at the back of his mother's house in Prince's Street, Cavendish Square, where he gave courses of lectures on electricity and kindred subjects. Among his audience were Michael Faraday and Sir Francis Ronalds.[2]

Singer published Elements of Electricity and Electro-chemistry, London, 1814, a work of considerable contemporary importance, which was translated into French (Paris, 1817), into Italian (Milan, 1819), and into German (Breslau, 1819). He also contributed several papers to the Philosophical Magazine from 1813 to 1815, of which a list is given in Ronalds's Catalogue of Books on Electricity, Magnetism, &c.[2]

Singer made almost the whole of his apparatus himself, and introduced several enhancements. He invented an improved gold-leaf electrometer that was used widely for many years. A key feature was a new mode of insulating the wire connected to the leaves through the cap of the bottle, which he announced in 1811 and described in his book. Ronalds later put on record that the idea for the insulation was his.[3][4]

Singer died, unmarried, of pulmonary tuberculosis, induced by overwork, on 28 June 1817, at his mother's house.

He lived in the Old House now known as Coundon Court Academy.

## References[edit]

1. ^ James, Frank A. J. L. (2004). "Singer, George John (1786–1817), electrical researcher". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/25638. Retrieved 8 February 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
2. ^ a b Carlyle, E. I.. (1897). "Singer, George John (1786–1817), electrician". Dictionary of National Biography Vol. LII. Smith, Elder & Co. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
3. ^ Ronalds, B.F. (2016). Sir Francis Ronalds: Father of the Electric Telegraph. London: Imperial College Press. ISBN 978-1-78326-917-4.
4. ^ Ronalds, B.F. (July 2016). "Francis Ronalds (1788-1873): The First Electrical Engineer?". Proceedings of the IEEE. 104 (7): 1489. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2016.2571358. S2CID 20662894.

Attribution

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Singer, George John". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

## External links[edit]

* Elements of Electricity and Electro-chemistry by George Singer, 1814, from the Internet Archive

Authority control

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Spain
* France
* BnF data
* Germany
* United States
* Netherlands

Other|

* IdRef

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template