Ger district

Type of residential district in Mongolia

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A ger district on the outskirts of Ulaanbaatar

A Ger district (Mongolian: гэр хороолол, Ger khoroolol) is a form of residential district in Mongolian settlements. They usually consist of parcels with one or more detached traditional mobile dwellings or gers (hence the name), surrounded by two-metre high wooden fences. In other countries, gers are known as yurts.

Most Ger districts are not connected to water supplies, so people get their drinking water from public wells. For a warm shower or a bath, there are bathhouses. Since there is no sewer system, Ger district parcels usually have a pit toilet.[1]

Small settlements, like sum centers, may consist almost exclusively of ger districts. Even in Mongolia's capital Ulaanbaatar, around 62% of the population live in such districts. However, only about 43% of the Ger district residents in Ulaanbaatar actually live in gers.[2] Some of the districts in Ulaanbaatar have existed for more than 100 years, for example the one around Gandan, but many of those farther away from the city centre are the result of recent migration and the high price of other housing in Ulaanbaatar.

Ger District near power plant, Ulaanbaatar \- Nathalie Daoust

An oft-cited problem of Ger districts in Ulaanbaatar and a number of other larger Mongolian cities is the air pollution (especially in winter) caused by the burning of raw coal in simple iron stoves for cooking and heating.

## Citizen groups in Ger districts

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Ulaanbaatar's Ger district is evolving and is marked by swift change over the past three decades since 1990, coupled with rising inequality. The Citizen Groups (CGs), semi-formal civil society organizations mainly led by women, work in ger suburbs surrounding Ulaanbaatar.

These CGs engage in small-scale projects, demonstrating resource management skills. Despite government recognition of state-civil society partnership, there's a gap in practice, particularly in ger districts.

Challenges include high staff turnover, limited local government authority, and unclear legal status for CGs. The article advocates for empowering CGs to amplify their contributions, aligning with local needs, and enhancing community development.[3]

## References

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1. ^ Engel, David (2015). "Ulaanbaatar's GerDistrict Issues: Changes and Attitudes". School for International Training. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
2. ^ Ulaanbaatar Statistical Office. 2008 Annual Report Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine. Population data as of 01-01-2009. Sheet "HH type UB"
3. ^ "Want to really make a difference in Mongolia? Start here". Mongolia Weekly. 2020-12-11. Retrieved 2023-08-22.

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Hut dwelling designs and semi-permanent human shelters

Traditional immobile|

* Bahay kubo (Nipa hut)
* Barabara
* Beehive house
* Bothy
* Bunong
* Burdei
* Bure
* Cleit
* Clochán (beehive hut)
* Crotto
* Dugout
* Earth lodge
* Funco
* Girna
* Goahti
* Hogan
* Humpy
* Icelandic turf house
* Igloo
* Jacal
* Kapar
* Log cabin
* Maloca
* Menstruation
* Mitato
* Musgum mud huts
* Oca
* Orri
* Palloza
* Pit-house
* Qargi
* Qarmaq
* Quiggly hole
* Quinzhee
* Rondavel
* Roundhouse
* Ruka
* Sassi di Matera
* Shieling
* Sod house
* Sukkah
* Tongkonan
* Trullo
* Tukul
* Wigwam, wickiup and wetu
* Zemlyanka

* Housing portal

Traditional mobile|

* Chum
* Lavvu
* Shepherd's hut
* Tipi
* Yaranga
* Yurt and ger
* Ger district

Open-air|

* Beach fale
* Cabana
* Chickee
* Gazebo
* Palapa
* Pergola
* Ramada
* Toguna

Modern|

* Beach hut
* Hexayurt
* Hopper hut
* Iris hut
* Nissen hut
* Quonset hut
* Jamesway hut
* Romney hut
* Rondavel
* Slab hut
* Twynham hut
* Wilderness hut
* Alpine club hut
* Mountain hut
* Winter room

Related topics|

* Cabanes du Breuil
* Circular linhay
* Earth sheltering
* Shack
* Shed
* Skellig Michael
* Stilt house
* Tent
* Thatching
* Transhumance
* Tree house
* Vernacular architecture
* Village des Bories

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